INDEX

Adulterine Castles, 90, 91 Ages—Stone, Bronze, Iron, dates of, 7 l'Aigle, Matilda de, 94 Albini, Nigel de, Cainhoe Castle, 56 Alnwick Castle, description of, 68 Alselin, Geoffrey, Laxton Castle, 56 Alur, 117, 168 Ambresbury Banks, Essex, 29 Anderida, 45 Angus, Earl of, 187 Arbalesteria, 78, 117 Arblast, 196 Archer, the English, 150 Aros Castle, 179 Arundel Castle, 54, 65, 151, 158 description of, 71 Shell Keep, 72 siege of, 72 Arundel Cathedral, 73 Aspiks, 152 Avalon, Isle of, 11 Badbury, Berks, 31 Badbury Rings, Wimborne, 22, 23, 32 Badlesmere, Bartholomew, 148 Bailey, buildings in, 53 Bailey or Base Court, 53 Bakewell, 42 Baliol, Robert 184 Balista 192, 194, 196 stones, 192 Bamborough Castle, 41 description of, 93 Keep of, 94, 96 siege of, 93 wards of, 96 Banks, Sir John, and Lady, 139 Barbican, or ravelin, 67 Barnard Castle, the Keep, 106 Bartizans, 178, 180 Base Court or Bailey, 53 Basilisks, 152 Battlemented parapets, 41 Bayeux tapestry, 55 Beauchamp Tower, Tower of London, 135 Beaufort, Duke of, 142, 164 Beaumaris Castle, 122 Bebban burh or Bamborough, 41 Bedford Castle, Shell Keep of, 200 siege of, 195 Beffroi, 81, 94, 198, 199 Bek, Anthony, Bishop of Durham, 69 Belesme, Robert de, 71, 87 Belfry, 198 Belvoir Castle, position of, 59 Todenei, Robert, 57 Berkeley Castle, 65 Berkhampstead Castle, 196 Mortaign, Robert, Count of, 56 Berm, Cadbury Castle, 24 Verulamium, 37 Berwick Castle, 183 Bigot family, 142 Bodiam Castle, 165, 179 description of, 157 Boleyn, Anne, 161 Sir Geoffrey, 160 Sir Thomas, 161 Bolingbroke, 121 Bombards, 148, 152 Bothwell Castle, description of, 181 Bowyer Tower, Tower of London, 135 Bradbury, 14 Bretasche, 167, 194 description of, 103 Motte and Bailey Castle, 50 Breauté, Faukes de, 199 Brick Castles, 155 Brick-making, art of, 165 British Isles, earthworks of, 2, 173 Broch, 174 at Cockburn Law, 175 of Mousa, 174 Bronllys Castle, 133 Bronze Age, 7, 189 Broughton Castle, 172 Bruce, Robert, 183 Buckingham, Duke of, 162 Builth Castle, 133 Bures Mount, Essex, 50 Burgh, Hubert de, 81 Burh, bury, borough, and burgh, 39, 40 Burhs, Nottingham, 42 Saxon, 38, 39 Stafford, Tarn worth and Warwick, 42 Witham and Maldon, 42 Busli, Roger de, Tickhill Castle, 57 Cadbury, Tiverton, 22 Castle, 23 Berm of, 24 Caerlaverock Castle, 186 Caerphilly Castle, 131 description of, 126 Caesar, artillery of, 190 Cainhoe Castle, Albini, Nigel de, 56 Campbell Castle, 179 Canmore, Malcolm, 183 Cannon, early, 147 gargoyles, 181 shot, weight of, 154 Canterbury Castle, Keep of, 89 Carew Castle, 132 Carisbrooke Castle, 65 description of, 73 Carnarvon Castle, 118 description of, 123 town walls of, 124 Castellated Mansion, 147, 155 Castellation, the first, 2 transition period, 156 Castle-building Stephen's reign, 92 Castles, centre of boroughs, 57 centre of feudal baronies, 56 definition of, 1 in Gascony, 156 Herefordshire, 55 Hertfordshire, 56 Leicestershire, 56 Nottinghamshire, 56 of Scotland, 173 sites of, 57 Cat, 197, 200 Catapult, 192, 194, 196 Chapel-en-le-Frith, 11 Chaworth, Payn de, 130 Chepstow Castle, 131 description of, 141 Château Gaillard, description of, 110 the Keep, 111 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 62 Cilgerran Castle, 132 Cissbury, 14, 24 Civil War, efficiency of Castles, 153 Clare, Earl of, 46 Gilbert de, 127 family, 142 Classification of earthworks, 5 Clavering Castle, Essex, 49 Clawll y Milwyr, 8 Cleves, Anne of, 161 Clickamin Broch, 175 Cliff Castles, 7-9 Clifford's Castle, Northants, 50, 52 Clifton Camps, 9 Clinton, William de, 162 Clun Castle, Keep of, 88, 92 Cobham, Lord, 160 Colchester Castle, 134 Chapel of, 85 Colepeper family, 144 Comb Moss, 11 Compton, Sir William, 162 Concentric Castle, 110 essential principles of, 113 Conisborough Castle, description of, 106 Constantinople, fortifications of, 112 Contour forts, 14 Conway, town wall of, 120 Castle, 118 description of, 120 Corbelling, mania for, 180 Corfe Castle, 131 Buttavant Tower, 140 description of, 137 Keep of, 139 "slighting" of, 140 Coucy Castle, 102, 104, 105, 181 Counterpoise engines, 193 Counterpoises of trebuchets, 194 Coup-de-main attack, 189 Craigmillar Castle, 179 Crenellated walls, 41 Crévecœur family, 143 Criccieth Castle, description of, 118 Cromlechs, 8 Cromwell, Ralph, Lord, 168 Crowstep gables, 181 Curtain walls, 67 Cutts, Lord, 75 Cylindrical Keep, 101 Dalyngrugge, Sir Edward, 157 Danish burhs, 43 Dauphin, 98 Definition of a castle, 1 "Devil of Belesme,"87 Differentiation of earthworks, 3 Dilke family, 162 Dinas, 9 Dirleton Castle, 176 Dog-tooth ornament, 92 Dolebury, 14 Donjon, 102, 181 Dorchester, Oxon, 10 Douglas family, 181 Doune Castle, 186 Dover Castle, 49 description of, 80, 92 the Keep, 82 Dragons, 152 Drum Castle, 178, 182 Dryslwyn Castle, 198 Dudley Castle, Fitz-Ansculf, William, 56 Dumbarton Castle, 176 Dunnottar Castle, description of, 185 Keep of, 185 Dunster Castle, Mohun, William de, 56 Durability of earthworks, 4 Durham Castle, 65 Dyke Hills, 10 Eagle Tower, Carnarvon Castle, 126 Earls Barton Castle, Northants, 52 Earthworks, auxiliary aids to, 18 British Isles, 2 classification of, 5 destruction of, 14 differentiation of, 3 durability of, 4 English, 3 with stockades, 18 Edinburgh Castle, 176, 183 Argyle Tower, 183 Edinburgh Castle, St. Margaret's Chapel, 184 Wellhouse Tower, 184 Edin's Hold, 175 "Edwardian" Castle, 118 Edward the Martyr, 138 Eleanor, wife of Humphrey of Gloucester, 144 Elfreton, Henry de, 121 Ely, 43 Engines, ancient, 191 English earthworks, 3 Escalade, 189 Espringale, 194, 196 Ethelfleda of the Mercians, 41, 42 Exburgh Manor-House, 168 Eye Castle, Malet, Robert de, 56 Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 164 Falarica, 86, 192 Fane, Ralph, 169 Fergeant, Alan, 99 Ferrers, Henry de, Tutbury Castle, 57 Feudal baronies, castles centre of, 56 Fiennes, Sir Roger, 165 Thomas, execution of, 166 First castellation, 2 Fishguard, 9 Fitz-Ansculf, William, Dudley Castle, 56 Fitz-John, Eustace, 68, 94 Fitz-Osborne, William, Earl of Hereford, 73 William, 142 Fitz-Scrob, Richard, 48 Flanking Towers, 67 Flint Castle, 122 Flying bridge, Motte and Bailey Castle, 50 Fonmon Castle, Glamorganshire, 93 Forebuildings, 78 Rochester Castle, 98 Fortified Hill-Tops, classification of, 13 strengthened, 5, 13 Gam, Sir David, 163 Gannock's Castle, near Tempsford, 44, 45 Gaveston, Piers, 74 Glendower, Owen, 119 Gloucester Castle, Keep of, 89 Humphrey, Duke of, 169 Golden Valley, Castle at, 48 Gravitation engines, 193 Greek fire, 200 Grey, Sir Ralph, 95, 152 Guildford Castle, Chapel of, 85 Keep of, 88 Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester, 134 Gunpowder, introduction of, 147 "Gyns,"190, 193 Ham Hill, Somerset, 15 Hampton Court, Herefordshire, 172 Harlech Castle, 118, 152 Harquebuses, openings for, 158 Hastings Castle, 55 Hatton, Sir Christopher, 139 Haut, Ivo de, 170 Haverfordwest Castle, 133 Hedingham Keep, Essex, 83 Hembury Fort, Honiton, 14 Herefordshire, Castles in, 55 Hereford, Motte and Bailey Castle, 48, 49 Herstmonceaux Castle, 167, 168 description of, 164 Hertfordshire, Castles in, 56 Hever Castle, 160 Sir William de, 160 Hill forts, 173 Hilton Castle, 172 Home Castle, 176 Earls of, 181 Homestead moats, 6 developed, 6 Humfreys, Sir William, 161 Hunsbury, Northants, 30 Ifan, Davydd ap, 152 Ightham Mote, 170 Iron Age, 7, 189 Isabella, Queen of Edward II., 144 Isle of Avalon, 11 Juliets, 102 Keep, Scottish, plan of, 176 Kemyss, Sir Nicholas, 143 Kenilworth Castle, 151 siege of, 195 Kidwelly Castle, Carmarthenshire, 118, 129 Kildrummie Castle, 176 Lacy, Ilbert de, Pontefract Castle, 57 Lambert, General, 186 Lamphey Castle, 133 "Land of Castles,"131 Launceston Castle, the Keep, 105 Laxton Castle, Alselin, Geoffrey, 56 Leconfield, Lord, 160 Leeds Castle, Kent, 105, 148 Baileys of, 145 Barbicans of, 146 description of, 143 Keep of, 145 Leicestershire, Castles in, 56 Lewes Castle, 65 Lewkenor, Sir Thomas, 158 Licences to crenellate, 90 Lincoln Castle, 65 Lisle, Warine de, 159 Llandilo, Castle near, 130 Llawhaddon Castle, 133 Loch Doon Castle, 176 Loch Leven Castle, 179 Logan Stone, 8 Ludlow, family of, 172 Machicolation, 104, 116, 158, 165, 167, 181 earliest example of, 111 Maiden Castle, 14, 16, 22, 32 entrances of, 17 Malet, Robert de, Eye Castle, 56 Malvoisin, 94 Mam Tor, Derbyshire, 27 the shivering mountain, 27 Mangonel, 104, 196 Manorbier Castle, 9, 133 "March of the Men of Harlech,"120 Marmion, Robert le, Tamworth Castle, 56 Maxstoke Castle, 162 Medieval walls, construction of, 78 Melandra, near Glossop, 34 Menhirs, 8 Merlons, 117, 124, 165, 168 Meurtriers, 78, 116, 142 Mining, method of, 198 Missile engines of the ancients, 190 Mohun, William de, Dunster Castle, 56 Monk, General, 187 Montfort, Simon de, 46, 98 Montgomery, family of, 71 Morgan, Colonel, 142 Mortaign, Robert, Count of, Berkhampstead Castle, 56 Earl of, 46 Motte and Bailey Castle, 48 advantages of, 60 bretasche of, 50 construction of, 49 flying bridge of, 50 positions of, 58, 59 positions of mound of, 54 rapid erection of, 60 Scottish, 175 Mount and Fosse, 5 Mount (or Motte) and Bailey, 5 Mount, The, Caerleon, 50 Movable Tower, 198 Mowbray, de, 94 Narberth Castle, 133 Natural fortresses strengthened, 5-6 Neidpath Castle, 178 description of, 182 Newcastle-upon-Tyne Castle, Chapel of, 85 Forebuilding of, 79 Keep of, 89 Newquay, 7 Newton Castle, Montgomeryshire, 53 Nineveh marbles, 41 Norham Castle, 105 Norwich Castle, 134 Nottingham Castle, 87 Keep of, 88 Nottinghamshire, Castles in, 56 Odin's Hold, Berwickshire, 175 Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, 46, 97, 143 Oillets, 78, 124, 166, 200 Old Castle Head, 9 Onager, 86, 196 Ongar Castle, Essex, 52, 53 Oppidum of Cassivelaunus, 33 Orford Castle, Suffolk, 109 Oubliettes, 78 Oxford Castle, Keep of, 89 Parapet, location of, 4 Peel Towers, 180 Pelham, Lady Jane, 46 Sir John, 46 Pembroke Castle, 132, 153 Keep of, 106 Penhow Castle, Monmouthshire, 93 Penshurst Place, description of, 169 Percy, Earl, 70 Sir Henry de, 69 Sir Thomas, 159 Perrier, 196 Petardier, 200 Petrary, 81, 86, 196 Pevensey Castle, 45, 131 inner Castle of, 47 Pharos at Dover, 80 Pickering Castle, Keep of, 88 "Pit," or Prison, 178 Pitt Rivers, General, 25, 29 Plantagenet, Hamelin, 109 Plateau forts, 6, 11, 13 Pleshey Castle, Essex, 52 Pontefract Castle, 109, 154 Lacy, Ilbert de, 57 Porchester Castle, 37 Portland, 9 Primitive weapons, 1 Projectiles, men as, 195 millstones as, 195 Promontory forts, 6 Protected village sites, 6 Pulteneye, Sir John de, 169 Quatford Castle, 87 Quia Emptores, Statute of, 149 Raglan Castle, 141 description of, 163 Keep of, 164 Ram, 81, 197 Ravelin, or barbican, 67 Ravensburgh Castle, Hexton, 25 Rectangular Keep, 76 Chapel of, 85 Forebuilding of, 78 construction of, 77 Crypt of, 85 impregnability of, 87 internal arrangements of, 83 introduction of, 76 Ramparts of, 84 Reculvers, Isle of Thanet, 36 Redvers, Baldwin de, 139 Richard de, 74 Regalia Scottish, 186 Richard's Castle, Herefordshire, 48, 59 Richborough Castle, Sandwich, 36 Richmond Castle, Barbican of, 100 Chapel of, 99 Crypt of, 99 description of, 99 Keep of, 99 Ring Hill, Essex, 31 Roche Castle, 133 Rochester Castle, 134 description of, 96 Keep of, 89, 97, 98 siege of, 87, 97 Roman fortification, 37 Romano-British Period, 33 Roman wall, Tower of London, 134 Roxburgh Castle, 183 Royal Castles in Kent, 96 St. Burian, 8 St. David's Head, 8 St. John's Chapel, Tower of London, 136 St. Leger, Sir Anthony, 144 Sakers, 152 Saxon burh, 38, 39 MSS., 41 Period, 38 Say, de, family of, 172 Segontium (Carnarvon), 36 Serpentines, 152 Seymour, Charles, Duke of Somerset, 70 family of, 159 Scales, Lord, 74 Scarborough Castle, siege of, 154 Scorpion, 196 Scottish Castles, Periods of, 176-181 Second Period, 177 Third Period, 179 Fourth Period, 180 Shell Keep, 64 configuration of, 66 position of, 65 Shirburn Castle, description of, 158 Shoulsbury, Exmoor, 22 Siege and defence of a medieval castle, 188 Sigismund, Emperor, 144 Silchester, 34, 37 Simple artificial enclosures, 5, 33 Smith, Sir Richard, 144 "Snail,"197 Solar, 180 Somerset, family of, 164 Sir Charles, 142 South Cadbury, Sherborne, 15 Sow, 81, 197 Spurgardon, 196 Spurious castles, 90 Stafford, Edward, 162 family of, 169 Humphrey, Earl of, 162 Lord, 198 Stockades, 18, 19 construction of, 19, 20, 21 Gallic, 19 on earthworks, 18 Stone Age, 7, 189 circles, 8 Stokesay Castle, description of, 171 Stirling Castle, 176, 183 description of, 184 Palace of, 185 Parliament Hall, 184 siege of, 195 Strongbow, Richard, 142 Sudley Castle, 172 Swegen the Sheriff, 49 Sydney, Sir Philip, 169 William, 169 Syracuse, attack on, 190 Syrens, 152 Tamworth Castle, Marmion, Robert le, 57 Tantallon Castle, 179 description of, 186 Keep of, 186 sieges of, 187 Tattershall Castle, crypt of, 167 description of, 167 Taunton burh, 41 Terebra, 197 Thetford Castle, Norfolk, 52 Thomas, Sir William ap, 163 Thurnham Castle, Kent, 53 Tickhill Castle, 148 Busli, Roger de, 57 Todenei, Robert, Belvoir Castle, 57 Tormentum, 192 Torsion and tension engines, 193 Torwoodlee Broch, 175 Totnes Castle, 65 Towcester, 42 Tower of London, St. John's Chapel, 85, 136 description of, 133 Keep of, 136 Traitors' Gate, 135 Trebuchets, 81, 86, 97, 152, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 200 projectiles of, 194, 195, 196 Treryn Castle, 8 Tretower Castle, 133 Trevalgue Head, 7 Tutbury Castle, 148 Ferrers, Henry de, 57 Tyler, Wat, 98 Uzziah, 190 Valence, Aymer de, 181 Vaulting Ribs, 92 Verdun, family of, 172 Vere, de, family of, 84 Verulamium, St. Albans, 34 Vescy, Ivo de, 68 Vitrified forts, 173, 174 Waldegrave, Sir Edward, 161 Waldo, Sir T., 161 Wales, Rhys of, 131 Wallace, Sir William, 186 Waller, Sir William, 71, 158 Wallingford, 39 Castle, 109 Walls, medieval, construction of, 78 Warkworth Castle, 109 Warwick Castle, 66, 148, 151 "War-Wolf,"196 Watling Street, 35 West Malling, 134 West Saxons, Harold, Earl of, 49 "Whelk,"197 Whelpley Hill, Bucks, 32 Whitton Castle, Durham, 172 Winchester, Statute of, 149 Windsor Castle, 53, 65 Barbican of, 61 description of, 60 Motte of, 61 St. George's Chapel, 62 Shell Keep of, 62 Wingfield Manor-House, 168, 172 Wollaston Castle, Northants, 52 Wren, Sir Christopher, 136 Wressle Castle, 159 Wyatt, the architect, 166 Wyndham, Sir William, 70 Yarnbury, Wilts, 32 Yester, Hays of, 182 York Castle, 65, 109 Keep of, 88 Zigzag moulding, 83, 84

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