Volume 1 — INDEX

A

Abbon, Saint, i, 56

Abelard, the philosophy of, i, 198; the lectures of, i, 198; the influence of, upon the theological school of Paris, i, 198; considered as the actual founder of the University of Paris, i, 197, 198

Academies, literary, of Italy, i, 322 ff., 344

Academy, of Venice, the, literary undertakings of, i, 423 ff.

—— of France, founding of the, ii, 458

Adagia, the, of Erasmus, the first edition of, ii, 194; the Aldine edition of, ii, 199

Adamnanus, life of S. Columba, cited, i, 50

Adolph of Nassau, captures Mayence, i, 371

Adrian VI, ii, 29

Aedh, King, presides over the parliament of Drumceitt, i, 49

Aelfric, Homilies of, i, 101; the canons of, i, 101

Agapetus, Pope, i, 22

Agnien, libraire in Paris in the 13th century, i, 271

Agricola, librarian of Heidelberg in 1485, orders books for the library, i, 297

Aimoin of Fleury, i, 56

Albert, Abbot of Gembloux, makes collection of manuscripts, i, 231

—— of Brandenburg, ii, 229

Alcuin, training of, by Egbert, i, 107; the library of, at York, i, 62; correspondence of, with Charlemagne, i, 62, 109; the methods in his scriptorium, i, 66; institutes the imperial schools in Aachen, Tours, and Milan, i, 109; poem of, on the library of York Cathedral, i, 108; his imperial pupils, i, 109; treatise of, on orthography, i, 111; his injunction to pious scribes, i, 113; list of the writings of, i, 114; death of, at Tours, i, 115; describes the journeys of Aelbert, i, 228; the educational work of, ii, 479 ff.

Aldersbach, monastery of, i, 40.

Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborn, visits Berthwold in Canterbury, i, 97; imports books from France, i, 97.

Aldi Filii, the name adopted by the son and grandson of the founder of the firm, i, 438

Aldine classics, the, models for the Elzevirs, ii, 301

—— Press, close of the work of, i, 438; operations of the, in Rome, i, 441 ff.

Aldus Manutius, work of, in the printing of Greek texts, i, 243; relations of, to the book trade of Italy and of Europe, i, 415; earlier life of, i, 417 ff.; letter of, stating his aims, i, 418; first publications of, i, 420; literary undertakings of, i, 419; marriage of, i, 420; Greek classics issued by, i, 420; institutes the Academy of Venice, i, 423; correspondence of, with France and with Germany, i, 424 ff.; reputation of, in Germany, i, 430; letter of, to Taberio, i, 430; summary of publications of, i, 432; financial difficulties of, competition of, with piratical reprinters, i, 432; secures papal privileges, i, 432; initiates new forms of type, i, 434; attempts to defend his office against literary loafers, i, 437; death of, i, 438; summary of the career of, i, 439; ii, 12, 22, 23, 102, 151, 194; privilege given to, for Greek text, ii, 346; privilege given to, for italic text, ii, 347; publishes the Letters of Phalaris, ii, 351; ii, 487

Aldus Manutius the second, i, 438; business experience of, i, 441; gives up business as a printer, i, 445

Aleander, Hieronymus, Greek scholar and theologian, i, 422, ii, 12 ff.

Alexander, Bishop of Jerusalem, the library of, i, 147

Alfano, the poem of, on monastery life, i, 127

Alfonso, King of Aragon and Sicily, offers rewards for literary productions, i, 330

Alfred, King, attends school in Oxford, i, 119; service of, to the literary interests of England, i, 98; makes English version of Gregory’s Pastoral Care, i, 99; complains of the ignorance of Englishmen, i, 99; prepares English translations of certain famous books, orders transcripts of the national chronicles, i, 100

Al-hakem, Kahlif, library of, in Cordova, i, 254; pays large sums for the writing of books, i, 254

Alphonso, King of Naples, the literary circle of, i, 252

Amalasuentha, Queen of the Goths, i, 20

Amandus, Abbot of Salem, i, 85

Ambrose, Saint, Legenda Aurea of, cited, i, 37

Amerbach, Basilius, ii, 238

—— Boniface, ii, 173

—— Johann, editor, printer and publisher of Basel, i, 393, ii, 151; purchases paper stock with an edition of S. Augustine, i, 348; relations of, with Koberger, i, 393; relations of, with Froben, i, 393

Andreä, Hieronymus, ii, 410

Andreas, Abbot of Bergen, i, 86

Andrews, Bishop, ii, 97, 99

Angus the Culdee, the Festilogium of, i, 46

Anjou, the Countess of, pays, in 1460, a great price for a copy of Homilies, i, 299

Anna Gray, the monastery of, founded, i, 47

Annales Ecclesiastici, ii, 97

Anne, Queen, the Act of, ii, 472

Anselm, Saint, the Peripatetic, cited, i, 39, 197; recommends to his pupils the study of an expurgated Virgil, i, 62

Anshelm, Thomas, publisher of Tübingen, ii, 165, 172, 231

Antidotarium, the, i, 196

Antwerp as a publishing centre, ii, 255 ff.; losses of, through the revolt of the Netherlands, ii, 274

Apologia pro Herodoto, ii, 72 ff.

Aquinas, Thomas, the de Censuris of, ii, 386

Arabian writers, bring to Europe the literature of Greece, i, 181; medical works of, used as text-books, i, 195

Areopagitica of Milton, the, ii, 474 ff.

Arethas, the scribes of, i, 42

Aretinus, Johannes, librarius, i, 234, 246

Ariosto, the Orlando of, ii, 370

Arminius, the doctrines of, ii, 291

Arnest, Archbishop of Prague, i, 44

Arnold, Abbot of Villers, i, 75

Arts and Industries, bureau of, in Venice, ii, 361

Arundel, Archbishop, ii, 130

—— Earl of, ii, 118, 123

Ascensius, see Badius.

Ascham, Roger, ii, 145

Asser, Bishop, organizes education in the kingdom of Alfred, i, 99

Athalaric, King of the Goths, i, 20

Atkyns, Richard, on the introduction of printing into England, ii, 134

Atticus, relations of, to the book-trade of Italy, i, 416

Auctores Frobeniani, ii, 185

Augsburg, the early printers of, i, 396

Augustine, Saint, writings of, i, 3; literary work of, i, 32, 33; on the value of ignorance, i, 121; the library of, i, 147

Augustinians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148

Aungerville, Richard (de Bury), i, 308 ff.

Aura, Saint, and scholar, i, 51

Aurelian, Saint, the Rule of, i, 123

Aurispa, Johannes, dealer in manuscripts, i, 242; brings to Florence his collection of manuscripts, i, 251; correspondence of, with Filelfo, i, 251; publishing undertakings of, i, 251; fate of the manuscripts of, i, 253

Austria, censorship in, ii, 249

Author, rights of, in literary production, under the laws of Venice, ii. 399 ff.

Authors, payments to, by Plantin, ii, 276 ff.; acting as their own publishers in Germany, ii, 435; in France, ii, 435

Averrhoes, i, 181; the philosophy of, i, 196

Avicenna, i, 181; the medical treatises of, i, 196

Avitus, the Emperor, i, 8

Azo, i, 183

B

Bacon, Roger, seeks scribes for the manifolding of his treatises, i, 84; makes complaint concerning the ignorance of the scribes of Paris, i, 218

Badius, Jodocus, (Ascensius), ii, 10, 12, 23, 31; commends the work of Koberger, ii, 155

Balzac, Jean L. G., Sieur de, ii, 310, 333 ff.

Barbaro, Daniele, ii, 345

—— Hermolao, ii, 345

Barcelona, early manuscript-dealers in, i, 313

Bards, orders of, i, 48

—— Celtic, arraigned before the Parliament of Drumceitt, i, 48; existence of, preserved by Columba, i, 48,

Barnet, battle of, ii, 128

Baronius, ii, 97

Barrois, ii, 105

Barstch, Im. anz. d. Germ. Mus. cited, i, 40 ff.

Basel, the Council of, i, 85; as a publishing centre, i, 391; ii, 204; the University of, i, 391; ii, 178; the relations of the magistracy of, to the printing business, i, 392; world-wide reputation of the printers of, i, 395; University of, in its relations with the printers, i, 395; regulations of the magistracy of, concerning literary piracies, ii, 412

Bassa, Domenico, secures an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii, 379 ff.

Baudius, ii, 289

Baudoke, Ralph de, Dean of S. Paul’s, i, 105

Bautzen, school regulations of, i, 283

Bayle, the Dictionary of, ii, 444

Beaupré, the manuscripts of, i, 131

Beauvais, Jean de, librarius of Paris in the 14th century, record of his sales, i, 273

Beccadelli, the Hermaphroditus of, i, 331

Beda, Noel, describes the purchase of books in Rome, i, 227; ii, 262, 444 ff.

Bede, the venerable, Chronicles of, i, 56; a pupil of Biscop, writes in Jarrow the Chronicles, i, 95

Bedier, Chancellor, ii, 210

Behem, Franz, printer of Mayence, i, 381

—— Martin, ii, 175

Belisarius, captures Ravenna, i, 20

Benaliis, Bernardino de, ii, 348

Benedict, Saint, i, 9, 10; the Order of, instituted, i, 12; the Rule of, i, 12, 28; the literary interests of, i, 13; his scriptorium, i, 12; relations with Cassiodorus, i, 12; life of, written by Pope Gregory I., i, 28

Benedictine monasteries in their relations to literature, ii, 480 ff.

Benedictines, the records by Mabillon and Ziegelbauer of the literary work of, i, 122

Beowulf, an early text of, i, 92

Berlin, the earlier book-trade of, ii, 424 ff.; the book-dealers of, ii, 425

Bernard, Saint, pious fraud upon, i, 76

Berne, the convention of, ii, 339, 506

Berneggerus, Matthew, ii, 309

Berners, Juliana, ii, 138

Berquin, bookseller of Paris, ii, 443

Berri, Duke of, ii, 116

Berthold, Elector of Mayence, ii, 420

Berthold von Henneberg on the Divine Art of Printing, i, 368

Berthwold, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 96

Bertile, the nun, gives lectures at Chelles, i, 51

Bessarion, Cardinal, literary activities of, i, 330, 365

Beza, ii, 54

Bible, terms used for, in middle ages, i, 44; books of, circulated separately, i, 44; great cost of certain manuscript copies of, in the national library at Paris, i, 299; first work printed by Gutenberg, i, 373; the first edition of, sold in Paris, i, 374; editions of, in various languages, printed in Zurich, i, 396; printing of the first edition in Hebrew, i, 459; version of, by Coverdale, ii, 141; version of, by Hollybush, ii, 142; German versions of, published by Koberger, ii, 158; the Lutheran version of, i, 223 ff.; the version of, known as Matthews’s, ii, 141; Tyndale’s version of, ii, 140; Wyclif’s translation of, ii, 130; first printed in England, ii, 140

Bible Polyglotte, printed by Plantin, ii, 260 ff.

Bibles, the printing of, in England, ii, 128 ff.

Biblia Pauperum, i, 350 ff.

Bibliotheca, used to denote the Scriptures, i, 44

Bidelli or Bedelli, derivation of the term, i, 187; functions of, i, 187

Biot, J. B., characterises the philosophical work of the universities, i, 222

Birckmann, Franz, publisher of Cologne and of London, i, 388; difficulties of, with the censors of Antwerp, i, 390

Biscop, Benedict, founds monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, i, 95; makes journeys to Rome, collects books and pictures, i, 95; far-reaching influence of his educational work, i, 107; purchases books in Rome, i, 227

Blades, William, ii, 102 ff.

Blaubeuern, the monastery of, manuscript work in, i, 86; printing-presses established in, i, 86

Blickling Homilies, the, i, 101

Block-books, i, 350 ff.; block-printing, i, 350

Blois, library of the Château of, ii, 446

Bobbio, the monastery of, founded, i, 47

Boccaccio, translates the Iliad and the Odyssey into Latin, i, 323, 324; influence of, upon the study of Greek, i, 325; the Decameron of, i, 325; script of, used as a model for italic type, ii, 347

Bohic, Heinrich, manuscript of, i, 40; the commentary of, i, 230

Boleyn, Anne, ii, 140

Bologna, the academies of, i, 345; the earlier scribes in, i, 245; statutes of the city of, i, 192; University of, i, 181, 183 ff.

Bolomyer, Henry, ii, 119

Bomberg, printer of Venice, ii, 371

Bonaccorsi, paper maker and publisher, i, 238

Bonhomme, Jean, bookseller to the University, 1486-1490, i, 276

Boniface, Saint, i, 53

Bonus, Abbot of St. Michael in Pisa, i, 138

Book of Kells, manuscript, ascribed to Columba, i, 47

Books, the making of, in the monasteries, i, 16 ff.; the making of, in the early universities, i, 178 ff.; the prices of, during the Middle Ages, i, 135, 297 ff.; the rental of, in the Italian Universities, i, 189, 191; secured by chains, i, 141; pledged with the pawnbrokers of Oxford, i, 310; prices of those first printed, i, 375 ff.

Books in manuscript, sold by pedlars, i, 261; sales of, in Paris in the 14th century under formal contracts, i, 272; sold at the English fairs, i, 306; prices of, in Venice, in the 15th century, i, 413-415; importation of, to England, ii, 133; printed in Germany during the Reformation period, ii, 240; prices of, in Antwerp, in 1576, ii, 279; transportation of, between Holland and Italy, ii, 301

Book-dealers of Paris exempted from taxes, i, 203; terms describing the, i, 205; regulations for the examination of, i, 206; classed as members of a profession, i, 213 ff.; locality occupied by, i, 217

Book-manufacturing, cost of, with the earlier Venetian publishers, i, 413

Book-production in Europe, stages in the history of, i, 10, 11, 12

Bookseller of Venice, the daybook of a, i, 414

Booksellers, location in Paris of early, i, 262; in Venice, matriculation requirements for, ii, 309

Bookselling in the monasteries, i, 134

Book-trade, the, in Italy during the manuscript period, i, 225; survival of, after the fall of the Western Empire, i, 225; of Paris, under the control of the University authorities, i, 199 ff.; earlier regulations regarding the, i, 201 ff.; of the University of Paris, regulations of, for the sale of books, i, 208 ff.; membership of the, in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 210 ff.; of Paris in the 13th century, i, 257 ff.; of Germany, relations of, to the Reformation, ii, 218; in the early universities, i, 178 ff.; between Venice and England, i, 242

Bosco, instructor in Paris, i, 221

Bossuet, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii, 462 ff.

Bosworth Field, the battle of, ii, 123, 129

Bourchier, Thomas, ii, 135

Boville, Charles, ii, 19

Braccio, ii, 351

Bracciolino, Poggio, i, 333 ff.

Bracton, Henry of, i, 308

Brandenburg, censorship in, ii, 244; privileges in, ii, 424

Brandis, publisher of Leipzig, i, 400

Brazizza, orator and author, i, 355

Breda, the peace of, ii, 317

Brehons, an order of Celtic bards, i, 48

Bremen, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246

Brœders van de Penne, i, 89

Brice, Hugh, ii, 116, 123

Brome, Prior of Gorlestone, initiates the making of indexes, i, 141

Brothers of Common Life, the, i, 88 ff.; manuscripts produced by, i, 88, 89; printing-offices established by, i, 90; the work of, in the production and distribution of manuscripts, i, 282; early interest of, in printing, i, 282; the manuscript trade of the, i, 291 ff.; distribute cheap books among the people, i, 368; the first printing done by the, i, 369; the printing and publishing undertakings of the, i, 399, ii, 109

Brown, Horatio F., ii, 344

Bruges, ii, 102 ff.

—— Louis de, i, 105 ff.

Bruin, Leonardo, on the book-trade of Florence, i, 234

Brute, Chronicle of, ii, 116, 139

Buchanan, George, ii, 65 ff.

Budæus, scholar and diplomat, ii, 13 ff.; influence of, with Francis I., ii, 14 ff., 39; work of, printed by Vascosanus, ii, 25

Bulæus, History of the University of Paris, by, i, 256

Bull, of Benedict VIII., 1022, i, 44; of Leo X., 1520, ii, 225; papal, concerning the productions of the printing-press, ii, 359

Burer, Mathias, i, 40

Burgo, Antonio de’, i, 449

Burgundy, the dukes of, patrons of producers of books, i, 268, 294

—— Duke of, ii, 102

Bury, Richard de, i, 44; buys books in Paris, i, 218; buys books in Rome; i, 228; describes his relations with the booksellers of Europe, i, 233; makes reference to the wide extent of the business of the manuscript-dealers, i, 296

Busby, Doctor, ii, 81

Busch, ii, 167

Busleiden, ii, 41

Bussi, Bishop of Aleria, an early patron of printing, i, 405

Bydell, John, ii, 142

C

Cædmon, the songs of, i, 93; paraphrases of the Scriptures, i, 93; composes The Revolt of Satan, i, 93

Caen, printing in, ii, 257

Cæsaris and Stoll, establish the second press in Paris, ii, 7

Cæsarius of Arles, convent of, i, 51; the Chronicles of, i, 225

Calcar, Abbot Heinrich von, i, 85

Calcedonio, ii, 350

Calvin, ii, 51, 52 ff.; the Institutes of, ii, 55

Calvinists, held responsible for the destruction of many monasteries, i, 132

Camaldulensers, of St. Michael, carry on a trade in manuscripts, i, 234

Camaldulensis, Ambrosius, writes to Aretinus, i, 246

Cambrai, the League of, i, 420; ii, 357

Cambridge, the University of, i, 181; ii, 60; first printing in, ii, 138

Campanus, Bishop of Teramo, patron and press-corrector, i, 406

Campeggi, Cardinal, ii, 246

Campensis, (Morrhius), ii, 24

Canonical Law, works in, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160

Canterbury Tales, Caxton’s Text for, ii, 114

Capella, Martianus, The Satyricon, i, 116

Carpi, the Princess of, loans funds to Aldus, i, 419

Carthusians, literary work in the monasteries of, i, 70; the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148

Cartolajo, Francesco, i, 238

Cartularii or Chartularii, i, 44

Casaubon, Arnold, ii, 88

—— Isaac, ii, 27, 67 ff., 85 ff.; 315; ii,; death of, ii, 100

Cassian, the Institutes of, ii, 167

Cassiodorus, i, 10; birth of, i, 14, 17; summary of career, i, 14; Abbot of Vivaria i, 15; offices held by, i, 17, 18; the Letters of, i, 18; Variæ of, cited, i, 18 ff.; Chronicon of, i, 19; History of the Goths, of, i, 19; secures a policy of toleration for the Gothic Kingdom, i, 18; retires to Bruttii, i, 20; character of, as a minister, i, 20; founds monastery of Mons Castellius, i, 21; writes De Anima, i, 22; plans school of Christian literature, i, 22; describes the work of his scriptorium, i, 26; lamps invented by, i, 26; transcribes Jerome’s version of the Scriptures, i, 26; writings of, i, 26, 27; death of, i, 27; character of, i, 27; work of, compared with that of Alcuin, i, 110-115; 182

Castellazzo, ii, 370

Castiglione, ii, 376

Castro, Leon de, ii, 262

Catalogue of books published in England, 1666-1680, ii, 148

Cathac, or “the Fighter,” name applied to the Psalter of Columba, i, 47

Catharine, Saint, the monastery of, i, 146

Catharine of Medici, ii, 70

Caxton, Maude, ii, 123

—— William, relations of, with Cologne, i, 388; ii, 101 ff., 178, 467

Ceaddæ, Saint, an early manuscript of, i, 231

Cecilia, daughter of William the Conqueror, organises the school in her convent at Kucaen, i, 52

Cell, John de, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103

Celtes, Conrad, secures the earliest German privilege, i, 426; relations of, with Aldus, i, 426, 435; ii, 175, 414, 421

Cennino, goldsmith and printer, i, 457

Censorship, exercised by the theologians of the universities over the book-trade of Paris, i, 214 ff.; ecclesiastical, i, 343; ii, 27; in France, ii, 437 ff.; formal institution of, in France, ii, 441ff.; in Germany, ii, 242 ff.; in Austria, ii, 249; in Holland, ii, 296 ff., 337; literary, establishment of, in Venice, II., 352 ff.; 356, 403; in the Low Countries, ii, 266

Censorship, and privileges in Italy, ii, 343 ff.

Chabanais, of St. Cybar, i, 56

Chantor, the, has charge of the library of the monastery, i, 101

Charlemagne, i, 36; enquires concerning Monastic Orders, i, 31; listens to reading, i, 69; policy of, in regard to education, i, 106; entrusts the imperial schools to Alcuin, i, 107; the capitular of, i, 112; interested in the school of Salerno, i, 182; orders the translation of Greek medical treatises, i, 182; alleged connection of, with the University of Bologna, i, 183; name of, associated with a group of the older schools, i, 197; instructions of, concerning the disposition of his books, i, 230; relations of, to education and literature, ii, 478 ff.

Charles II. and printing in England, ii, 135

—— IV., i, 184

—— of Austria, ii, 201

—— V., Emperor, ii, 39, 140, 242; edict of 1521, ii, 266; edict of, for the regulation of the Press, ii, 442

—— V., of France, letters-patent of, i, 206

—— VI., Emperor, secures the library of S. Giovanni, i, 147; exempts book-dealers from certain war taxes, i, 207

—— VII., plans to introduce printing into France, ii, 2 ff.

—— VIII., ii, 357; funeral procession of, ii, 440

—— IX., ii. 70; issues the ordinance of Moulins, ii, 450

Chartularii, definition of the term, i, 235

Chaucer, the Troilus and Cressida of, i, 302; Canterbury Tales, i, 305; ii, 114, 126; described by Caxton, ii, 132

Chevillier, on the early book-trade of Paris, i, 200; schedule prepared by, of manuscripts of the 13th century, i, 259; ii, 60; on the relations of Francis I. with the reformers, ii, 444

Choir books, produced as manuscripts after the invention of printing, i, 87

Christina, Queen, ii, 305 ff.

Christine (or Cristyne), de Pisa, ii, 115, 120

Chrodegang, Archbishop, initiates a reform of the monasteries, i, 128

Chrysoloras, the first professor of Greek in Florence, i, 325; ii, 23

Church and State in Germany, conflicts of, concerning the control of literature in Germany, ii, 418 ff.

Church of Rome, the, influence of, on education in the universities, i, 178

Churches of North Germany, book-trade carried on in the, i, 283

Cicero, Letters of, for sale by all the earlier dealers in manuscripts, i, 250; early editions of, in Paris, ii, 21 ff.

Cistercians, regulations of the, for the care of books, i, 148

Clarendon Press of Oxford, ii, 297

Clark, J. W., Libraries in the Mediæval Period, cited, i, 29 ff.; on the library methods of the Benedictines, i, 148

Classics, Latin, preserved in the monasteries, i, 61

Clement VII., ii, 29

—— VIII. grants an exceptional copyright or monopoly, ii., 379 ff.

Clemente, printer and illuminator of Lucca, i, 455

Clementine Index, the (of Clement VIII.), ii, 377

Clerics, as scribes, i, 36; as officials, i, 36

Clictou, Josse, ii, 19

Clugni, catalogue of the library in the Abbey of, i, 131

Clugni, the Customs of, cited, i, 63, 70

Cluniacs, library regulations of, i, 30, 147

Cochläus, ii, 227

Codeca, Matteo de, ii, 349

Codex Argenteus, the, ii, 306

Coelfried, Abbot of Jarrow, and later of Wearmouth, sells books to King Alfred, i, 96

Colet, John, ii, 194

Colines, Simon de, printer of Paris, ii, 21, 26; marries widow of Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21 ff., 26, 30

Colloquies, the, of Erasmus, ii, 208 ff.

Cologne, theological interests of the University of, i, 280; as a commercial centre, i, 386; the library of, i, 387; the University of, i, 387; the earlier printers of, i, 387; piratical operations of the early printers of, i, 390

Colonto, prints the first Hebrew Bible, i, 459

Columba, Saint, chief events of his life, i, 45-50

Comester, Peter, the Historica Scholastica of, i, 104

Commelin, ii, 90

Common-law copyright in manuscripts, ii, 484

Compayré, opinions of, concerning the Benedictine schools, i, 197

Compensation of authors in Italy, i, 334

Concordat between Rome and Venice in 1597, ii, 380 ff.; between Leo X. and Francis I., ii, 440

Conrad, Abbot, ii, 168

Constantine, a scribe of Erfurt, i, 40

—— the African, comes from Carthage to Monte Cassino, i, 134; develops the school of Salerno, i, 182

Constantinople, Acts of the Council of, i, 226; Greek scholars of, migrate to Italy, i, 255

Contract, dated 1346, for the sale of books in Bruges, i, 290

Convention of 1793 in Paris, ii, 505

Cooper’s Thesaurus Linguæ Romanæ, ii, 63

Copeland, ii, 126

Copenhagen, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 304 ff.

Copyists of Genoa, petition the Senate for the expulsion of the printers, i, 413

Copyright, case of, in 567 A.D., the first in Europe, i, 46

Copyright control of manuscripts, ii, 481 ff.

Copyright, diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 ff.

Copyrights in Venice, ii, 369 ff.

Cordova, described as the Athens of the West, i, 254; literary activity in, i, 254; manuscript-trade of, i, 254; library of, destroyed by the Berbers, i, 255; the Index of, ii., 270

Correctors and Revisers employed by Plantin, ii, 277

Corvinus, Matthias, collects books in Florence, i, 240

Coster, see Koster

Council at Basel, pamphlets concerning the work of, prohibited, i, 296

Council of Ten in Venice, ii, 351; establishes a censorship for the literature of the Humanities, ii, 356

Coverdale Bible, the, ii, 141

Cranach, Lucas, ii, 168, 233; printer, painter, and apothecary, ii, 430

Cranmer, Archbishop, ii, 142

Crasso, Leonardo, ii, 350

Cratander, ii, 173

Crévier, traces the University of Paris to Alcuin, i, 197

Croatian versions of Luther’s writings, ii, 230

Cromwell, Thomas, ii, 142

Cuspinian, ii, 174

Cuthbert, Saint, i, 94

Cyclops, Doctor, ii, 229

Cynewulf, the Northumbrian poet, i, 93

Cynthio, Alvise, ii, 357

D

Damian, S. Peter, recommends to the monks the study of pagan writers, i, 62

Danes and Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132

Danesius, Petrus, ii, 66

Dante, The Divine Comedy of, i, 318

Darmarius, ii, 88

Daubeney, William, ii, 123

D’Aubigné, the history of, ii, 241

Day, John, ii, 143

Decembrio, author of 127 books, i, 335

Decor Puellarum, the first book printed in Venice, i, 407

Decretals, the Isidoric, exposed by the critics of the fourteenth century, i, 83

Decretals, published by the Kobergers, ii, 160

Dedications, the sale of, in Germany, ii, 434

De Honate, Brothers, i, 448

Delalain, on the requirements of a skilled scribe, i, 200

Delisle, reference of, to the lending of books by the monasteries, i, 138

Delprat, history of the Brothers of Common Life, cited, i, 88

Denis, on the Council of Basel, i, 285

Denk, Gesch. des Gallo. Frank. Unterrichts, etc., cited, i, 32 ff.

Denmark, relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 305

Denys, Saint, the Chronicles of, i, 57

De Rancé, treatise of, on the monastic life, i, 119

Derry, monastery of, i, 45

Descartes, ii, 316 ff.

Desmarets, the Bible of, ii, 317

Deventer, the Brotherhood House at, a place of book-production, i, 88

De Vic, ii, 94 ff.

De Wailly, monetary tables of, cited, i, 208

De Worde, Wynken, ii, 138

Diarmid, King of Tara, decides a copyright case, i, 46

Dictare, use of term, i, 44

Didier, Abbot of Monte Cassino, i, 62, 134

Didot, Firmin, ii, 329

Diemude, or Diemudis, nun of Wessobrunn, works written by, i, 54; list of works transcribed by, i, 80, 81

Dietrich, Abbot of St. Evroul, his story of the sinful scribe, i, 64

Dietz, Ludwig, publisher for Luther, ii, 231

Dio, Giovanni di, ii, 353

Ditmar, Bishop of Mersebourg, i, 58

Dolet, Étienne, ii, 46, 449

Dominic, Saint, monks of the Brotherhood of, establish a printing-office, i, 458

Donaldson vs. Becket, ii, 472 ff.

Donation, of Constantine, the, ii, 227

Döring, ii, 233 ff.

Dorpius, on Froben, ii, 189

Dritzehn, the brothers, associates of Gutenberg, i, 357 ff.

Drumceitt, Parliament of, i, 48

Drummond on The Praise of Folly, ii, 193

Dryden, John, makes agreement for his Virgil, ii, 148

Du Chastel, ii, 44, 46, 49

Ducret, scribe for Duke of Burgundy, i, 41

Dunstan, Saint, Archbishop of Canterbury, i, 101; institutes monastery schools, i, 101; orders transcripts to be made in the vernacular, i, 101

Dürer, Albert, ii, 149 ff., 168; Instruction in Perspective, contention concerning the copyright of, ii, 410 ff.; literary and art productions of, ii, 409 ff.

Dutch Republic, establishment of the, ii, 273 ff.

E

Ebert, on the division of manuscripts, cited, i, 65

Ecclesiastical Censorship, i, 343

Ecclesiastical schools, i, 36

Eckstein, Heinrich, ii, 423

Eddas, collections of, preserved by the Benedictines, i, 61

Edward IV., King, accounts of, for the binding of books, i, 313; ii, 103, 122

—— VI., ii, 67

Egbert of York, i, 107

Eggestein, Heinrich, i, 381 ff.

Eichstadt, Abbess of, compiles the Heldenbuch, i, 52

Ekkhard, Abbot of Aurach, i, 58

Eligius, Saint, the biography of, i, 128

Ellis, George, Introduction to Early English Poetry of, cited, i, 302

Elton, Charles, ii, 306

Eltville, i, 363

Elzevirs, the, of Leyden and Amsterdam, ii, 18, 286 ff.; House of, in Amsterdam, ii, 299 ff.; publications of the, ii, 319 ff.; close of the publishing operations of, ii, 329 ff.; “piracies” of, ii, 332; relations of, with authors, ii, 332 ff.; religious faith of, ii, 338; relations of, to the book trade of Europe, ii, 500 ff.

Elzevir, Abraham, ii, 292 ff.

—— Bonaventure, ii, 290 ff.

—— Daniel, ii, 293 ff.;

the death of, ii, 329; the widow of, ii, 329

—— Isaac, ii, 292 ff.; 295 ff.

—— John, ii, 293 ff.

—— Louis (the first), ii, 280 ff.; 286 ff.; the six sons of, ii, 289 ff.

—— Louis (the second), ii, 299 ff.

—— Matthew, ii, 290 ff.

Elzevir Classics, the, ii, 292 ff.; ii, 309 ff.; 331

Emo, Abbot of Wittewierum, i, 70

Emperor, the Holy Roman, claims the control of the printing-press, ii, 420 ff.

England, the literary monks of, i, 90; the Abbey schools in, i, 118; beginnings of literary property in, ii, 464 ff.

English Crown, relations of the, to literary property, ii, 465 ff.

Engraving, relation of, to the work of the early printers, ii, 164

Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, the, i, 223

Erasmus, deprecates the adverse influence of Lutheranism on literature, i, 224; reference of, to Birckmann, i, 389; relations of, with Froben, i, 394 ff.; relations of, with Aldus, i, 423 ff.; makes his first sojourn in Italy, i, 427; does editorial work for Aldus, i, 427; publishes the Venetian edition of his Adagia, i, 427; early editions of The Praise of Folly, of, i, 428; complaints of, concerning careless typesetting, i, 428; friendship of, with Aleander, ii, 12; the Colloquies of, ii, 22, 23; feeling against, in the Sorbonne, ii, 24; criticised by Lutherans, Calvinists, and Romanists, ii, 25, 39, 41, 176, 179 ff.; editions of the writings of, ii, 183 ff.; on the death of Froben, ii, 189, 210 ff.; writings of, ii, 192; on Aldus, ii, 198; Spanish editions of the writings of, ii, 210; latest writings of, ii, 212 ff.; income of, ii, 214 ff., 226; concerning publishing methods, ii, 429

Erfurt, bookselling in the churches of, i, 283

Erlangen, collection of manuscripts in the University library of, i, 280

Ernest, Elector of Saxony, ii, 233

Ernst, Archbishop, ii, 229

Erpenius, ii, 292, 296

Estaples, d’, ii, 19

Estiennes, the, history of, ii, 15 ff.

Estienne, House of, ii, 87

—— Antoine, ii, 87

—— Charles, ii, 63 ff.

—— Florence, ii, 88

Estienne, Francis, ii, 62 ff.

—— Henry (the elder), begins work as a printer, ii, 18 ff.

—— Henry (the first), ii, 26

—— Henry (the second), ii, 37, 66 ff., 94; rhymed complaint of, on the difficulties of scholarly work, ii, 78

—— Paul, ii, 87, 95

—— Robert (the first), ii, 25 ff.; first publications of, ii, 30; motto of, ii, 30; appointed printer in Greek to the King, ii, 33, 42; takes refuge at Court, ii, 34; divides the New Testament into verses, ii, 48; removes from Paris to Geneva, ii, 50; Geneva publications of, ii, 53, 54, 55; death of, ii, 55; eulogies on, ii, 56, 254

—— Robert (second), ii, 64 ff.

Esslingen, early printing in, ii, 439

Eusebius, praises the work of nuns as scribes, i, 53; reference of, to the chaining of books, i, 141

Evelyn, John, ii, 298

Exemplatores, functions of, i, 188

Exercitationes of Casaubon, ii, 98 ff.

F

Faber, Johann, ii, 245

Fabri, Felix, the Historia Suevorum, of, i, 369

Fairs, in England, utilized by the dealers in manuscripts, i, 306; in Germany, manuscript-trade in the, i, 287

Falstoffe, Sir John, ii, 116, 123

Faques, William, printer to the King, ii, 467

Fathers of the Church, Dutch editions of the writings of, ii, 331

Felice, Fra, of Prato, ii, 355

Fell, Bishop, memoir by, on the state of printing in Oxford, i, 310

Ferdinand, Emperor, ii, 242 ff., 249

Ferreol, Saint, the Rule of, i, 63, 123

Fichet, Wilhelm, letter of, concerning the invention of printing, i, 359; ii, 5; the Rhetoric of, ii, 7

Ficino, the writings of, i, 338 ff.

Field, Richard, ii, 146

Fileas, the, an order of Celtic Bards, i, 48

Filelfo, Francesco, i, 189; recovers in a book-shop a stolen volume, i, 234; reference of, to Melchior, i, 249; i, 335 ff.

Finnian, contention of, with Columba, i, 46

Flach, Martin, i, 383

Flamel, Nicholas, librarius and speculator in real estate, i, 275

Flanders, in its relations to the Protestants, ii, 258

Fleury, describes the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97; the Abbey schools of, i, 118

Florence, the University of, i, 183 ff.; gives special attention to belles-lettres, i, 184; the Humanists of, i, 184; takes the lead in the trade in manuscripts, i, 239; the earlier book-dealers of, i, 246; the literary activities of, i, 318; the literary society of, i, 327 ff.; the academies of, i, 344; early printers of, i, 457

Flugschriften, the, of the Reformation, ii, 162, 241 ff.

Foligno, early printers of, i, 456

Fontaine, the monastery of, founded, i, 47

Fontainebleau, Royal Library of, ii, 14

Fosbroke, classifies monastic catalogues, i, 142

Foscari, Doge of Venice, ii, 373

Fox, John, Book of Martyrs of, ii, 143

France, the Abbey schools in, i, 118; the manuscript-trade in, i, 255 ff.; early printers of, ii, 2 ff.; regulations for the printing-press in, ii, 437; legislation in, for the encouragement of literature, ii, 446 ff.; summary of the privileges in, ii, 491 ff.; takes the initiative in regard to the Convention of Berne, ii, 506; summary of copyright legislation in, ii, 508

Francheschi, Pietro, ii, 403

Francis I., relations of the literature and the clergy, ii, 6, 7; founds Royal Library at Fontainebleau, ii, 14; at issue with the Doctors of the Sorbonne, ii, 19 ff.; protects Robert Estienne against the royal censors, ii, 34; 38, 42, 43, 45, 57, 70, 324; relations of, with the reformers, ii, 444; edict of, in regard to privileges, ii, 447 ff.

Franco, Bishop of Treviso, ii, 372 ff.

Frankfort, first sale of printed books in the fair of, i, 288; magistracy of, protects the publishing contracts of Schöffer, i, 377; the book-fair of, ii, 247, 265, 302 ff. 365, 416; relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 302 ff.; ordinance of the city of concerning privileges, ii, 414

—— and the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498

Frankland, the demoralisation of, before the time of Charlemagne, i, 110

Franz, biographer of Cassiodorus, cited, i, 24

Fredegar, The Chronicle of, i, 128

Frederic, Elector of Saxony, i, 432; orders books for Wittenberg, i, 432

Frederick I., Landgrave of Alsace, ii, 423

—— II., The Emperor, i, 183

—— III. of Germany, institutes the office of imperial supervisor of literature, ii, 419

Free-thinkers and the Church of Rome, i, 333

Free Will, treatise on, by Erasmus, ii, 209

Fregeno, secures in Sweden, Roman manuscripts, i, 229

Freising, Otto von, cited, i, 43

French, as a literary language for Europe, ii, 504

Friese, Ulrich, a bookseller at the Nordlingen fair, i, 283

Frilo, father of Gutenberg, i, 357

Froben, Jerome, son of Johann, ii, 213

—— Johann, i, 393; scholarly attainments of, i, 393; relations with Erasmus, i, 393 ff.; ii, 39, 102, 178 ff., 244 ff., 429; letter of, to Zwingli, ii, 187; the literary friends of, ii, 188 ff.; gives up the publishing of the writings of Luther, ii, 221; the death of, ii, 210

Frodoard, i, 56

Froissart, ii, 117

Fromund of Tegernsee, i, 68

Froschauer, Printer for Zwingli, i, 396; ii, 141

Froude, on the patronage system, ii, 197

Frowin, manuscript of, i, 43

Fryth, John, ii, 140

Fugger, The House of, i, 431; bankers and forwarders, i, 431

——, Huldric, ii, 68 ff.

——, Joannes Jacobus, ii, 69

Furnivall’s Captain Cox, ii, 145

Fust, Johann, first relations of, with Gutenberg, i, 360, 372; lawsuit of, i, 360 ff.; relations of, with Schöffer, i, 372; first journey of, to Paris, i, 373; the earliest pirate of printed books, i, 375; death of, in 1467, i, 375; sells his Bibles in Paris, ii, 5

Fust and Schöffer, earliest publications of, i, 373

G

Gaddesden, John of, i, 308

Gaillard, ii, 40

Galeotti, J., importer of manuscripts, i, 242

Galileo, ii, 309

Garland, Jean de, compiles a directory of the industries of Paris, i, 256

Gasparino, the Letters of, ii, 7

Gaul, literature in, during fifth century, i, 7

Gaza, Theodore, Greek editor for the Aldine Press, i, 420, ii, 23

Geneva, ii, 38, 50; University of, ii, 51; literary interests of, ii, 51; censorship regulations of, ii, 51; pirates of, ii, 51; great siege of, ii, 88; theology of, ii, 91; literature of, ii, 91 ff.; publishing activities of, ii, 93

Gengenbach, dramatist and printer, i, 395

Genoa, contests in, between the copyists and the printers, i, 413; early printers of, i, 458; the scribes of, protest against the introduction of printing, i, 459

Gensfleisch, the family of (Gutenberg), i, 356 ff.

Geoffrey of St. Barbe, letter of, i, 133

George, Duke of Saxony, puts the Protestant printers of Leipzig under restrictions, i, 401; ii, 232, 250

George, Elector of Saxony, ii, 424

Gerbert, Abbot of Bobbio, cited, i, 38; orders books from a distance, i, 139, 140; collects books for his libraries, i, 231; ii, 480

Gering, printer of Paris, ii, 5

German, book-trade, organization of the, ii, 497; universities in the 15th century, standard of scholarship in, i, 277

Germany, the monastic schools in, i, 118; manuscript dealers in, i, 276 ff.; privileges and regulations in, ii, 407 ff.; summary of privileges in, ii, 493 ff.; in its relations to literary property, ii, 505

Gerson, Johann, Chancellor of University of Paris, i, 54; describes the literary wealth of Paris, i, 261; ii, 150

Gertrude, Abbess of Nivelle, a buyer of books, i, 51, 53

Gerwold, Abbot of S. Wandrille, i, 67

Gesner, ii, 56, 432

Gesta Romanorum, said to have originated in England, i, 304; edition of the, printed by A. Koberger, ii, 161

Ghent, the Pacification of, ii, 273

Ghisebrecht, ii, 277

Gibbon criticises Caxton, ii, 127, 128

Giesebrecht, treatise of De litterarum Studiis, i, 226

Gildas, Chronicles of, i, 55

Giovanni, Saint, the library of, in Naples, i, 146

Giraud, C., cited, i, 55

Gita, a scribe of Schwarzenthau, i, 54

Giunta, the family of, i, 248

——, Phillippo, i, 238

Glaber, Raoul, i, 56

Glanville, i, 308

Glastonbury, Chapel of, i, 106

Godo, purchases books in Rome, i, 227

Golden Legend, The, ii, 118

Gosselin, ii, 95

Goths, rule of, in Italy, i, 9

Gourmont, Giles, printer of Paris, ii, 10 ff.; publications of, ii, 23

Gower, John, ii, 117, 126

Graevius, on the death of Louis Elzevir (the second), ii, 318

Grafton, printer, ii, 141

Greek, the knowledge of, in the tenth century, i, 127; books, printing of, limited to a few publishers, i, 244; immigrants, as instructors in Italy, i, 236; fonts of the Imprimerie Royale, ii, 58 ff.; lecturers in University of Paris, ii, 23; literature, brought to Europe through Arabian writers, i, 181; literature, introduction of, into Italy, i, 236; literature, in Paris, ii, 10 ff.; manuscripts brought from Constantinople to Italy, i, 235

Greek Press in Paris, history of the, ii, 10 ff.

Greek scholars, relations of, with Venice and with Florence, i, 237; secure compensation in Italy for editorial work, i, 411; as assistants to publishers, i, 416; in Paris, ii, 23

Greek texts, brought to Venice from the East, i, 411 ff.; in the University of Paris, ii, 22

Gregoriis, Gregorius de, ii, 354

Gregoropoulos, Greek proof-reader for Aldus, i, 421

Gregory I., Pope, writings of, i, 34, 35; charges against, i, 34; opinion of, concerning the Scriptures and grammar, i, 121; as an author, ii, 478

—— VII., utilises the work of monastic scribes, i, 81-82

—— XIII., ii, 262

—— of Tours, i, 56

Grein, Anglo-Saxon Library, by, i, 92

Grimani, the breviary of, i, 294

Grimlaïcus, the Rule of, i, 123

Grimm, Siegmund, publisher for Hutten, ii, 229

Grolier de Servier, ii, 43

Groote, Gerhard, founds in Deventer a Brotherhood House, i, 88

Grotius, ii, 65, 304; the Mare Liberum of, ii, 308

Grunenberg, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 222

Grüninger, Hans, of Strasburg, ii, 151, 165

Gruthuyse, of Bruges, a collector of manuscripts, i, 289; ii, 105

Guignes, de, ii, 60

Guild, of printers and publishers, in Milan, i, 450 ff.; of S. John in Bruges, ii, 106; of publishers and printers in Paris, regulations of, ii, 453 ff.; of printers and book-sellers in Venice, ii, 364 ff.; of the Venetian book-trade, organisation of, ii, 395 ff.; of the Venetian book-trade, close of the history of, ii, 398; Hall, for the Venetian book-trade, ii, 395

Guiscard, Robert, i, 182

Guldemund, Hans, ii, 410

Gutenberg, i, 9, 349 ff.; earlier operations of, i, 358; first partnerships of, i, 358; lawsuits of, i, 358 ff.; conditions of the business of, i, 364; financial difficulties of, i, 364 ff.; fonts of type manufactured by, i, 365; early testimony concerning the invention of, i, 380; ii, 17, 178

H

Hagen, quotes a rhyming record from a Hagenau manuscript, i, 285

Hagenau, early manuscript-trade of, i, 284; printing introduced into, i, 284; relations of, with Heidelberg, i, 284 ff.

Hahn, printer of Ingolstadt and of Rome, i, 406

Hallam, on Saumaise, ii, 315

Hamburg, manuscript-dealers of, i, 283; caution of the Senate of, concerning dedications, ii, 434

Hans, the brothers, ii, 425

Hardy, Thomas Duffus, on the literary work of the British monasteries, i, 102

Harlinde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53

Harper, the House of, ii, 335

Harsy, Antoine de, ii, 94

Hatzlern, Clara, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41

Hauslik, history of the University of Prague, i, 278

Hedwig, Duchess of Suabia, teaches Greek to Abbot Burckhart, i, 126

Hegel, Philosophy of History of, quoted, i, 367

Heidelberg, the library of, i, 85; books bought for the library of, i, 232; book-trade in the University of, i, 279

Heilsbrunn, manuscripts from the monastery of, i, 280

Heinsius, Nicholas, ii, 298, 310, 313 ff., 317

Helgaud, i, 56

Hellenic Brothers, the, of St. Gall, i, 126

Henry II. of France, ii, 48, 56, 70; letters-patent of, i, 203

—— III., ii, 82 ff.

—— IV., ii, 95 ff.

—— VI. of England, death of, ii, 129; interest of, in printing in England, ii, 135

—— VII., ii, 123

—— VIII., ii, 45, 141

Heresbach, ii, 41

Heresy, the Venetian Commissioners of, ii, 404

Herluca, corresponds with Diemude, i, 54

Hermonymus, a designer of type in Paris, ii, 10, 23

Herneis, publisher of Paris in the thirteenth century, i, 271

Herodotus, History of, ii, 73

Herrad of Landsberg, writings of, i, 52

Herrgott, Johann, ii, 249

Heynlin, ii, 5, 111

Higden, Ralph, the Polychronicon of, i, 56, 307

Hilary, works of, edited by Erasmus, ii, 209

Hilda, Abbess of Whitby, i, 93

Hildesheim, the Brothers of, producers of books, i, 90

Hiltebrand, Johann, ii, 231

Hippocrates and Galen, described as the “Aristotles of Medicine,” i, 195; writings of, used as text-books, i, 195

Hochstraten, ii, 202

Hodgkin, Thomas, Italy and her Invaders, cited, i, 3 ff.; summarises the services of Cassiodorus, i, 23, 24

Hoeck, Adolph von, Prior of Scheda, i, 86

Holbein, Hans, ii, 10, 180, 181, 200

Holland, the increasing trade of, ii, 290 ff.; book-trade of, during the Thirty Years’ War, ii, 498

Hollybushe, John, ii, 142

Honoratus, Saint, founds Monastery of Lerin, i, 32

Honorius, opinion of, concerning the philosophers, i, 129

Hopyll, Wolffgang, printer of Paris, ii, 18

Horn, Conrad, stadtschreiber, sells books by contract, i, 288

Hroswitha, daughter of Duke of Saxony, i, 52

—— of Gandersheim, i, 37, 52; the Chronicon Urspergense of, i, 87, 360; the dramas of, ii, 414, 420

Hubmayer, Balthasar, ii, 243

Hugh, Abbot of Flavigny, i, 57

Hugo of Trimberg, schoolmaster and book collector, i, 287

——, Cardinal, ii, 157

—— Bible, the, ii, 154, 157 ff., 167

Humanistic Movement, influence of the, on the production of printed literature, i, 370 ff.; the leaders of the, ii, 226

Humanists, the influence of the, in the German universities, i, 223; ii, 172

Humery, Doctor Conrad, of Mayence, i, 292; co-operates with Gutenberg, i, 361 ff.

Hummelsburger, letter of, concerning Aldine editions, i, 436

Hungarians, destroy monasteries in the tenth century, i, 132

Hunt, Thomas, ii, 137

Huntington, Henry of, Chronicles, i, 56, 307

Huszner, George, i, 383

Hutten, Ulrich von, ii, 176, 182, 227, 239

—— and Luther, ii, 251

I

Ibo, Bishop of Chartres, treatise of, De Rebus Ecclesiasticis, i, 117

Idung, the Dialogues of, i, 54

Illuminators, of manuscripts, i, 241

Illustrated publications, early editions of, issued in Nuremberg, i, 398

Imperial cities, special privileges of, concerning book production, ii, 422 ff.

Imperial Commission for the regulation of literature, ii, 421

Ina, King, i, 106

Index Expurgatorius of Louvain, ii, 44

Index, the, of 1564, ii, 243

Index, the, and the book-trade, ii, 372 ff.

Index, the, issued by the Council of Trent, ii, 375 ff.

Indexes, the, of 1546, 1550, 1551, 1554, 1559, ii, 268 ff., 275

Ingolstadt, regulations of the University of, concerning text-books, i, 281

Ingulphus, Chronicles of, i, 56; record of, concerning the Abbey of Peterborough, i, 132

Innocent IV., Pope, i, 183

Inquisition, the, and censorship, ii, 267; relations of, with the printing-press, ii, 371

Iona, the monastery of, founded, i, 47, 90

Irnerius, jurist of Bologna, i, 183

Isidore, Bishop of Seville, writings of, i, 35; treatise of, on elocution, i, 117

Italian literature, influence of, on Elizabethan authors, ii, 144

Italy, the monastic schools in, i, 118; monasteries in, destroyed by the Saracens, i, 132; the printer-publishers of, i, 403 ff.; privileges and censorship in, ii, 343 ff.; enactments concerning literary property in, ii, 406

J

Jacob of Breslau, volumes written by, i, 86

Jacob, Saint, monastery of, in Liége, i, 114

James I., ii, 96 ff.

Jehan, Jacques, grocer and book-seller, i, 274

Jenson, Nicholas, first printer in Venice, i, 407; operations of, in Paris and in Mayence, i, 408; settles in Venice, i, 409; sells printing plant to Torresano, i, 411; sent to Mayence by Charles VII., ii, 2; 344

Jerome, Saint, writings of, i, 3, 23, 32; ii, 189; befriends S. Paula and her daughter, i, 51; injunction of, concerning reading, i, 124; complains of the untrustworthiness of the work of scribes, i, 229

Jews, forbidden to buy or sell manuscripts in the Italian universities, i, 194; lend moneys to monasteries on pledges of books, i, 231

Jewell, John, ii, 53

John, Bishop of Aleria, cites prices of early printed books, i, 375

——, King of France, buys stationery in England, i, 312

—— of Speyer, printer of Venice, i, 407 ff.; secures a monopoly for printing in Venice, i, 408

Jordæus, treatise on the Goths, i, 19

Junius, Hadrian, historian of Koster, i, 352

Jusserand, J. J., on the early literature of the Anglo-Saxons, i, 91; English Wayfaring Life, by, cited, i, 302 ff.

K

Kalle, Samuel, ii, 425

Kapp, on the selling of dedications, ii, 433

Karoch, instructor in Erfurt, i, 220

Kefer, Heinrich, ii, 150

Kennett, White, ii, 63

Kessler, Nicholas, of Basel, relations of, with Koberger, ii, 409

Kirchhoff, on the selling of dedications, ii, 434

Knight, Charles, The Old Printer of, cited, i, 302 ff.

Knittel, concerning the work of the scriptorium, cited, i, 65

Kobergers, the, of Nuremberg, ii, 149 ff.; business of, interfered with by the Reformation, ii, 163

Koberger, Anthoni, i, 384; the publications of, i, 397 ff.; ii, 76, 149 ff.; principal publications of, ii, 152, 154; commended by Badius, Wimpfeling, Leontorius, and the Emperor Maximilian, ii, 155, 156; friendship of, with Amerbach, ii, 156; relations of, with Celtes, Dürer, and Pirckheimer, ii, 156; editions of the Bible printed by, ii, 157, 158; conservatism of, ii, 204; relations of, to the system of privileges in Germany, ii, 409

——, Johannes, ii, 159

——, Melchior, relations of, with Luther, ii, 159

Koelhoff, Johann, printer of Cologne, i, 388

Koepke, Otton. Studien, cited, i, 36 ff.

König, Conrad, agent for Luther’s books, ii, 231

Köpflin, ii, 245

Köster, Laurens, of Harlem, i, 349 ff.; the statue of, ii, 298

Krantz, printer of Paris, ii, 5, 111

Kyrfoth, Carolus, ii, 137

L

LaCasa, Papal Nuncio, ii, 373

Lachner, ii, 179, 232

Landino, the writings of, i, 340

Lanfranc, i, 197

Langendorf of Basel prints piracy editions of Luther’s writings, i, 395

Large, Robert, ii, 102

Laskaris, Greek grammarian, i, 365; ii, 23

Latin, the language of literature for Europe, i, 318; ii, 503

LaTrappe, the Order of, i, 120

Lauber, Diebold, scribe and manuscript dealer in Hagenau, i, 284 ff.; noteworthy manuscripts of, i, 289; rhyming advertisements of, i, 289

Laurentium, the monastery of, in Liége, i, 87

Laurie, summarises the Christian conception of education, i, 120

Lavagna, printer of Milan, i, 408, 447

Law, Roman and canonical, the study of, in Bologna, i, 190

—— text-books required in Bologna and Montpellier, i, 194

Lay-clerics, functions of, i, 38

League, influence of the wars of the, on the supervision of the Press, ii, 450

Lectores, the work of, i, 116

Leew, Gerard, ii, 134

LeFevre, (d’Estaples), ii, 19

LeGrand, Jaques, ii, 119

Leipzig, the earlier printers of, i, 399; ii, 29, 202; as a centre for the distribution of printed books, i, 401; the book fair of, ii, 303, 426; as a centre of book production, ii, 422 ff.; the literary commission of, ii, 423; caution of magistracy of, concerning dedications, ii, 434

Leland, catalogue prepared by, of the abbatial libraries of England, i, 102

Leo, Bishop of Ostia, i, 57

Leo X., Pope, sends emissaries to collect manuscripts, i, 301; the literary interests of, i, 322; relations of, with the earlier printers, i, 368; excommunicates Luther, ii, 225; Bull of, in regard to the licencing of books, ii, 439

LeRoys, printer of Lyons, ii, 10

Lerin, monastery of, founded by Honoratus, i, 32

Leukardis, a scribe of Mallesdorf, i, 54

Lewis, a scribe of Wessobrunn, i, 75

Leyden, the University of, ii, 280 ff.; as a publishing centre, ii, 286; the Press of University of, ii, 297; the University in its relations with publishing, ii, 336

Liaupold, Brother, i, 39, 54

Libraires jurés, regulations concerning the, i, 207 ff.; of Paris, ii, 365

Librairie, origin of the term, i, 189

Librariers Gild of Ghent and of Brussels, i, 290

Libraries of the monasteries, the, and their arrangements for the exchange of books, i, 133 ff.; of the manuscript period, i, 146 ff.

Librarii, i, 10; of Paris, regulations concerning, i, 260 ff.; of Paris in the 15th century, i, 269 ff.

Ligugé, monastery of, founded, i, 32

Linacre, Sir Thomas, ii, 194

Lincoln, manuscript-dealers of, i, 312

Lioba, Saint, a pupil of S. Boniface, organises schools in North Germany, i, 51

Lipsius, ii, 281, 284

Listrius, Gerard, ii, 200

Litera Romana, i, 67

Literary property, in England, beginnings of, ii, 464 ff.; development of the conception of, ii, 477 ff.; diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 ff.; in Italy, enactments concerning, ii, 406

Literature, beginnings of property in, ii, 343 ff.

Locke, on the death of Daniel Elzevir, ii, 319

Longarard, the unintelligible writings of, i, 45

Longinus, Vincenzo, relations of, with Aldus, i, 435

Lotter, printer of Leipzig, i, 400 ff. Melchior, first printer of Wittenberg, i, 401; ii, 230 ff.; 430

Louis the Débonnaire, i, 97

—— IX., pays for transcribing an Encyclopædia, i, 230

—— XI., borrows books from the University of Paris, i, 136; lays claim to the estate of a publisher, i, 270; in 1474, pledges silver for the loan of a manuscript, i, 299; a collector of books, ii, 4; recognises the library of the Louvre, ii, 4; intervenes for the protection of Schöffer, ii, 8; institutes the Parliament of Paris, ii, 441

—— XII., edict of, in behalf of booksellers, ii, 6; interest of, in printing, ii, 6; toleration of, for heretical literature, ii, 6

—— XIV., ii, 318; relations of, to literature, ii, 458 ff.

Louvain, Index Expurgatorius of, ii, 44; the University of, ii, 258; theologians of, ii, 261; the Indexes of, ii, 268 ff.; the University of, in its relations to censorship, ii, 373

Lowell, on Socinians, ii, 53

Lübeck, book sales in the churches of, i, 283

Lucca, early printers of, i, 455

Luden, concerning the printing-press of Germany, ii, 427

Lufft, Hans, claims copyright in Luther’s Bible, ii, 235

Lupus, Abbot, orders transcripts prepared in York, i, 229

Luther, complaints of, concerning the piracy editions of his works, i, 402; ii, 408; heresies of, condemned at the Council of Sens, ii, 22, 26, 45; relations of, with the Kobergers, ii, 159; Froben’s edition of the writings of, ii, 190 ff.; as an author, ii, 216 ff.; the published writings of, ii, 219 ff.; completes his version of the New Testament, ii, 225; Catechism of, printed in Slovenic, ii, 230; compensation paid to, for his literary work, ii, 232; letter of, to Lang, ii, 245; and the war of the peasants, ii, 250; and von Hutten, ii, 251; the Table-talk of, ii, 429; on the compensation of authors, ii, 431

Lutheran tracts printed in out-of-the-way places, ii, 248

Luxeuil, the monastery of, founded, i, 47

Lydgate, John, ii, 116 ff.

Lyons, early printers of, ii, 8 ff.; a publishing centre for light literature, ii, 9 ff.; printers of, “appropriate” the productions of Paris and other cities, ii, 9, 495; publishing activities of, ii, 93

M

Mabillon, Jean, treatise of, on monastic studies, i, 120; work of, in behalf of the Benedictines, i, 122, 123; literary journeys of, i, 123; on the prices of books during the Middle Ages, i, 135

Machiavelli, The Prince of, ii, 202

Madan’s Early Oxford Press, ii, 134

Magdeburg, as a publishing centre, ii, 229, 248

Magdeburg Centuries, ii, 97

Maintenon, Madame de, relations of, to ecclesiastical censorship, ii, 461

Maitland, The Dark Ages, cited, i, 31 ff.; opinion of, concerning palimpsests, i, 72; describes the arrangements of the scriptoria, i, 75; on the book production of the Middle Ages, i, 77, 78; calculation of, concerning the speed of the work of the scribes, i, 98; criticises Robinson’s description of the Church in the Middle Ages, i, 117; points out the inaccuracies of Milner, i, 130; on the prices of books in the Middle Ages, i, 135; analyses the value of MSS., i, 137

Maittaire, Bibliography of, ii, 22, 25 ff., 40

Makkari, historian of the Mohammedan dynasties, i, 255

Malmesbury, William of, The Chronicles of, i, 56; writes life of Aldhelm, i, 97; his account of the chapel at Glastonbury, i, 106; collector of books, i, 307

Malory, Sir Thomas, ii, 118, 126

Manenti of Urbino, copyright secured by, ii, 348

Mansfield, Lord, ii, 473

Mansion, Colart, or Colard, escripvain and printer, i, 289; ii, 102 ff.

Manuscript, the earliest existing example of monastic scribe-work, i, 34

Manuscripts, trade in, in Bologna, i, 184; formalities connected with the sale of, in Paris, i, 212; the trade in, carried on by pedlars, grocers, and mercers, i, 232; production of, continued after the invention of printing, i, 243; Moorish trade in, i, 254; illuminated with the arms of noble families, i, 268; copyright in, ii, 481 ff.

Manuscript-dealers, the historians of the, i, 180; of Italy, i, 244 ff.; of Germany, i, 276 ff.; of Paris, i, 256 ff.

Manuscript period in England, the i, 302 ff.

Manuscript-trade, of the Brothers of Common Life, i, 291 ff.; of France, i, 255 ff.; of Germany, i, 287, 291; of the Netherlands, i, 290 ff.; of London, in the 14th century, i, 312 ff.

Manutius, Paul, inherits business of his father, i, 438; settles in Rome, i, 440; letters of, to his son Aldus, i, 441; journeys to Milan, i, 444; completes his commentaries on Cicero, i, 444; death of, i, 445; coöperation of, with Plantin, ii, 264

Map, Walter, De Nugis Curiatum of, i, 304

Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, ii, 103, 122, 126

Margounios, Maximus, ii, 377

Marguerite de Valois, ii, 46

Mariegole, or by-laws of the Venetian Guild, ii, 366 ff.

Marillac, ii, 40

Marloratus, ii, 70

Marmontier, monastery of, founded, i, 32

Marquard, Abbot, pawns the library of his Abbey, i, 232

Marsam, Jehan de, master of arts and dealer in manuscripts, i, 273

Marsham, cited, i, 55

Martene and Montfaucon, the literary journeys of, i, 131

Martyr, Peter, ii, 53

Mary, Saint, of Robert’s Bridge, inscription in a manuscript from, i, 73

Mary, Queen of Scots, ii, 66

Mascon, Bishop of, ii, 44

Maseyk, the nuns of, i, 53

Massimi, the brothers, introduce printing into Rome, i, 405

Massmann, Die Goth. Urkunden von Neapel, etc., cited, i, 43

Mathesius, ii, 228

Maximilian, the Emperor, befriends Reuchlin, ii, 203

—— II., relations of, to book privileges, ii, 422 ff.

Mayence, connection of, with the origin of printing, i, 358 ff.; the sack of, by Adolph of Nassau, i, 362, 372; printers driven from, i, 372

Medici, the, purchased books from scribes, i, 240

——, Cosimo de’, i, 322; institutes libraries, i, 328; founds the Platonic Academy, i, 328

——, Lorenzo de’, i, 338

Meerman, reference of, to Koster, i, 354

Melanchthon, Philip, ii, 231, 238 ff.

Melania, Saint, makes a living as a scribe, i, 33; founds convent at Tagaste, i, 33; beauty of transcripts of, i, 53

Melchior, Abbot, founds printing-office in Augsburg, i, 87; manuscript-dealer, i, 249

Mellin, Réclus, ii, 446

Memmingen, caution of the burgomaster of, concerning dedications, ii, 434

Ménage, ii, 312

Mendicant monks, work of, in copying and distributing books, i, 84; libraries of, i, 148

Mensing, Doctor, ii, 229

Mentel, Johann, printer of Strasburg, i, 375, 381 ff.

Mercers’ Company, the, of London, ii, 122

Metal workers, relations of the, to early printers, ii, 164

Metz, Cathedral of, as a resort for booksellers, i, 283

Milan, the manuscript-trade of, i, 228, 241; literature at the Court of, i, 334; the printing, publishing, and bookselling Guild of, i, 450 ff.; various activities of, i, 446 ff.; the first printing in, i, 447; Publishing Association of, i, 448 ff.; the regulations of Printers’ Guild of, i, 453

Millar vs. Taylor, ii, 472, 505

Milner, the historian, criticised by Maitland, i, 130

Milton, John, Paradise Lost, possibly suggested by Cædmon’s Revolt of Satan, i, 93; agreement of, for publication of Paradise Lost, ii, 147; the Defensio Populi Anglicani of, ii, 308; on the liberty of the printing-press, ii, 474 ff.

Minner, Johann, scriptor, i, 288

Minorite Order, literary work of, i, 84

Minutianus, professor and printer, i, 447

Mirandola, Pico della, i, 339

Mocenigo, Andrea, ii, 357

Modena, Statutes of the High School of, concerning the book-trade, i, 189

Mohammedan states, literary activity in, i, 180

Monasteries, Irish and Scotch, founded by S. Columba, i, 45-47

Monastery cells, the severe temperature of, i, 64

—— schools, the earlier, i, 106

Monk, Roger, ii, 117

Monks, of England, literary work of the, i, 90

Monkish chroniclers of England, i, 55-60, 307 ff.

Monmouth, Geoffrey of, Chronicles of, i, 56, 307

Monopolies conceded by Venice to earlier printers, i, 408

Mons Castellius, monastery of, i, 21

Montalembert, The Monks of the West, cited, i, 30 ff.

Montanus, Arius, ii, 260 ff.

Monte Cassino, monastery of, founded, i, 10, 182

Montfaucon, cited, i, 42 ff.; quoted by Robertson, i, 72; the literary journeys of Martene and, i, 130

Montpellier, the book-dealers of the University of, i, 266 ff.; the Press of, ii, 92

Moors, destroy monasteries in Spain, i, 132

More, Sir Thomas, ii, 130, 194, 200; prints books in Basel, i, 395

Morel, Frederic, ii, 25

Moretto, Antonio, ii, 351

Moretus, John, ii, 283

Morhart, Ulrich, ii, 230

Morier, on the prices of MSS. in Persia, i, 136

Morosini, Andrea, historian of Venice, ii, 387

Morrhius (Campensis), ii, 24

Morte d’Arthur, ii, 118

Moulins, ordinance of, ii, 450

Mount Athos, the monastery of, i, 146

Mountjoy, Lord, ii, 215

Mühlberg, battle of, ii, 421

Mullinger, summarises the Apostolic Constitutions, i, 121

Münster as a publishing centre, ii, 248 ff.

Muratori, the Chronicles of, i, 57; reference of, to books presented to churches, i, 137; concerning the monastery collection of books, i, 138

Murbach, the monastery of, i, 83

Mure, Conrad de, i, 40

Muretus, ii, 67

Murner, Thomas, ii, 183, 431

Murray, the House of, ii, 335

Musurus, Marcus, appointed professor of Greek, i, 416; appointed censor by the Venetian Senate, i, 422; script of, utilised as a model for Greek type, ii, 347; censor of Greek books in Venice, ii, 356

Mutianus, the work of, at Erfurt, i, 223

Myrop, C., ii, 305

N

Nantes, the edict of, ii, 451 ff.

Naples, the University of, i, 182; the Academy of, i, 344

Napoleon and the freedom of the printing-press, ii, 427 ff.

Navagero, Andrea, appointed censor for the literature of the Humanities, ii, 356

Néobar, (or Neobarius), Conrad, appointed royal printer in Greek, ii, 33, 42, 448

Neri, S. Philip, ii, 97

Neudorffer, J., ii, 150

Nevelo, works of penance in the scriptorium, i, 70

New Testament, the paraphrase of, by Erasmus, ii, 207

Niccoli, Niccolo de’, funeral oration upon, i, 240; bequeaths books to Florence, i, 240

Niceron, ii, 46

Nicholas, l’Anglois, bookseller and tavern-keeper in Paris, in the fourteenth century, i, 272

—— of Breslau, printer and engraver of Florence, i, 458

—— V., Pope, i, 329 ff.

Nicholson, John, ii, 142

Niclaes, ii, 266

Nicolai, publisher of Berlin, ii, 417

Niedermünster, the nuns of, famed as scribes, i, 54

Noailles, Cardinal de, ii, 462

Nordlingen Fair, the book-trade of, i, 283; first sale of printed books in the, i, 287

Normans, ravages of, in the Benedictine monasteries, i, 132; piracies of the, i, 231

Notker, of St. Gall, writes to the Bishop of Sitten, i, 39, 229

Novantula, monastery of, burned by the Hungarians, i, 132; the manuscripts of, i, 131

Numeister, printer of Mayence and of Foligno, i, 456

Nuns as scribes, i, 51-55

Nuremberg, the printer-publishers of, i, 397 ff.; and the writings of Luther, ii, 236; piracy editions issued in, ii, 236; edict of, ii, 242; censorship in, ii, 243

O

Obscene literature and the papal censorship, i, 333

Odo, Abbot of Clugni, i, 129

——, Abbot of Tournai, i, 67, 77

Œcolampadius, ii, 23

Offa, King, gives a Bible to the church at Worcester, i, 97

Olbert, Abbot of Gembloux, i, 97; transcribes the Old and the New Testaments, i, 98

Old Testament, Luther’s version of the, ii, 233

Olivier, librarius of Paris, schedule of his book sales, i, 274

Omons, work of, entitled The Picture of the World, i, 142

Origen, Saint, literary work of, i, 32; the library of, in Cesarea, i, 147; requires the service of scribes, i, 228

Orleans, literary interests of the dukes of, i, 268

Orosius, a manuscript of, i, 43, 226

Orphanage, publishing concern of Halle, ii, 425

Össler, Jacob, appointed imperial supervisor of literature, ii, 419

Othlo of Tegernsee, his work as a scribe, i, 64

Othlonus, a scribe of S. Emmeram, i, 78, 79. (Same as Othlo.)

Othmar, Sylvan, publisher for Luther, ii, 229

Oxford, the University of, i, 181; early purchases of books for the libraries of, i, 306; early printing in, ii, 134 ff.; first printers of, ii, 137

Ozanam, La Civilisation Chrétienne cited, i, 36 ff.

P

Padua, the University of, i, 181, 421, ii, 348; regulations of the University of, concerning the book-trade, i, 188, 193; commissioners of the University of, appointed censors of Venetian publications, ii, 362 ff.

Paedts, Jean, ii, 294

Palencia, the University of, i, 196

Pallavicini, Cardinal, ii, 388

Palm, publisher, shot by order of Napoleon, ii, 427

Pannartz, Arnold, printer of Subiaco and of Rome, i, 405

Panthoul, Macé, bookseller and paper-maker of Troyes, i, 276

Panzer, ii, 12

Papacy, claim of the, to the supervision of books in Venice, ii, 355 ff.

Paper, first manufactured from rags, i, 409

Paper-makers, relations of, with the early publishers, i, 237

Paper-making in Italy, i, 409

Paper manufacturers, the earlier work of, in France, i, 266; protected by University privileges, i, 266

Papyrus, latest use of, i, 43, 44

Paradise Lost, agreement for the publication of, ii, 147

Paravisinus, printer of Milan, i, 447

Parchment, the scarcity of, i, 70; used for palimpsests, i, 72; regulations for the sale of, in Paris, i, 204; costliness of, in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 332

Parchment-dealers in Paris, regulations concerning, i, 265

Parentucelli, Tommaso, (Pope Nicholas V.), founds the Vatican Library, i, 329

Paris, Matthew, Chronicles of, i, 56, 69, 307; writes Lives of the Two Offas and the Chronicles, i, 105

——, city of, in 1600, ii, 95; scribes of, i, 41; instructions of the Council of, concerning the lending of books, by the monasteries, i, 138; printed books first sold in, ii, 5; relations of the Elzevirs with, ii, 303 ff.

——, the University of, i, 51, 181; foundation and constitution of the, i, 197 ff.; regulations of, concerning the early book-trade, i, 201 ff.; the earlier scribes in, i, 256; students of, 1524, ii, 28; censures the writings of Erasmus, ii, 210; publishes an Index Expurgatorius, ii, 373; relations of, to censorship of the Press, ii, 439 ff.

Parliament of Paris, relations of the, to the censorship of the Press, ii, 440 ff., 470 ff.; contests of, with the Crown, ii, 441; suppression of, ii, 441; relations of, with the book-trade, ii, 442

Parrhasius, Janus, institutes the library of S. Giovanni, i, 146

Paruta, contentions of, against the Clementine Index, ii, 377 ff.

Pasqualigo, ii, 370

Passau, the library of, i, 228

Patronage provides compensation for Italian writers, i, 334

Pattison, Mark, ii, 27, 85 ff.; analysis by, of the literary influence of Italy, France, Holland, and Germany, i, 346

Paul, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 69

—— III., ii, 29

—— IV., issues an Index, ii, 374

Paula, Saint, writes Hebrew and Greek, i, 51; assists S. Jerome in his writing, i, 51

Paulsen, characterises the instruction in the mediæval universities, i, 223

Pavia, the University of, i, 183

Peasants, the war of the, ii, 250

Pecia, definition of, i, 186

Peciarii, functions of, i, 187

Pedlars, regulations limiting the book-trade of, i, 213; as dealers in books, i, 232

Pellican, Conrad, ii, 232

Penalties for literary piracies in Venice, ii, 352

Pentateuch, the, printed in Constantinople, ii, 260

Penzi, Jacomo di, of Lecco, ii, 353

Permit for publication, earliest record of, ii, 439

Perugia, the early manuscript-dealers of, i, 249

Peter of Blois, describes the manuscript collections of Paris, i, 256

—— of Celle, borrows books from S. Bernard, i, 143

—— the Venerable, Abbot of Clugni, i, 130; makes translation of the Koran, i, 145; correspondence of, i, 144, 145; orders books from Aquitaine, i, 144

—— of Bacharach, writes a Schwabenspiegel, i, 41

—— of Ravenna, ii, 439, 488

Peterborough, the abbey of, burned by the Danes, i, 132

Petrarch, appreciative reference of, to Aretinus, i, 246; the influence of, in behalf of the study of Greek, i, 323; as a collector of manuscripts, i, 324; script of, used as model for the type founders, i, 324

Petri, Adam, of Basel, ii, 223, 225, 228

——, Heinrich, printer-publisher, of Basel, knighted by Charles V., i, 395; sends books to Casaubon, ii, 90

Pez, the Chronicles of, cited, i, 39 ff.

Phalaris, the Letters of, ii, 351

Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a collector of books, i, 273; purchases manuscripts, shirts, hats, and more manuscripts, i, 274, 275

—— the Fair of Burgundy, regulations of, concerning manuscript-dealers, i, 263; and the Parliament of Paris, ii, 441

—— the Good of Burgundy, ii, 105

—— II., of Spain, gives charter to the Milan printers’ guild, i, 451; ii, 265, 284, 272; refuses to accept the Tridentine Index, ii, 382; and the Papal censorship, ii, 388

—— III. confirms the monopoly of the Milan printers’ guild, i, 454

Philobiblon, of de Bury, cited, i, 308 ff.

Piacenza, the University of, i, 183

Pio, Albert, Prince of Carpi, treatise of, against Erasmus, ii, 445

Piracies, literary, regulations in Basel concerning, ii, 412

Pirckheimer, translator of the Geography of Ptolemy, i, 385 ff.; ii, 151, 174, 165, 167

Pius IV., Pope, calls Paul Manutius to Rome, i, 440

—— V., institutes the Congregation of the Index, ii, 377; relations of, with Paul Manutius, i, 442 ff.

Plantin, the House of, ii, 255 ff.; publications of, ii, 259 ff.

——, Christopher, ii, 255 ff.; the Press of, ii, 76; relations of with Leyden, ii, 294; the Bible of, ii, 334

—— Museum, the, ii, 283

Plantinerus, purchasing agent for manuscripts, i, 242

Plater, Thomas, ii, 238

Poggio, funeral oration of, upon Niccoli, i, 240; translates the Cyropaedia, i, 329

Poliziano, the writings of, i, 340

Polliot, Etienne, ii, 449

Pontchartrain, Chancellor of France, ii, 460 ff.

Porson, ii, 37

Prague, the University of, i, 181; regulations for the copyists in the University of, i, 220; bookdealers in the University of, i, 278

Praise of Folly, the first edition of, ii, 194

Pratt, William, mercer and manuscript-dealer, i, 313; friend of Caxton, ii, 119, 123

Prayer-book, first printed in England, ii, 142

Premonstratensians, the regulations of, for the care of books, i, 148

Press, the freedom of, in Venice, ii, 404

Press-correctors, in the 16th century, ii, 165

Preston, Thomas, the writings of, ii, 386

Prices of Plantin’s publications, ii, 279

Printers, early, in France, ii, 3 ff.; of Paris, regulations for, in 1581, ii, 453 ff.

Printers’ Guild, of Venice, the, and Press legislation, ii, 394 ff.

Printing, the invention of, i, 348 ff.; in France, ii, 3 ff.; in Germany, begun for the benefit of the middle classes, i, 363; in Germany, initiated without the aid of princes, universities, or ecclesiastics, i, 378

Printing undertakings, in Florence, Bologna, Milan, Rome, and Venice, up to 1500, i, 327

Printing-press, service of the, for the Reformation, ii, 218; in France, regulations for the control of, ii, 437 ff.

Printing-presses, in Venice, at the close of the 16th century, ii, 367; reduction in the number of, under the papal censorship, ii, 384

Privileges, in England, ii, 465 ff., 468 ff.; and regulations in Germany, ii, 407 ff.; imperial, in Germany, ii, 416 ff.; in Holland, ii, 332; and censorship in Italy, ii, 343 ff.; the terms of, in Venice, ii, 350 ff.; summary of, in Venice, ii, 486

Probi Vita, cited, i, 9

Procopius, history of the campaign of Belisarius, i, 20

Property in literature, summary of the diverse theories concerning, ii, 507 ff.

Protestant tracts, distribution of, in Germany, ii, 249

Proto-typographer, the, of the Netherlands, ii, 272 ff.

Prussia, book production in, ii, 425; earlier legislation of, in regard to copyright, ii, 506

Publishers and printers in Paris, the guild of, ii, 453 ff.

Publishing, by subscription in England, ii, 436; methods in Germany, the earlier, i, 429 ff.; in Venice, burdens upon, in the 17th century, ii, 393

Puteanus, ii, 309

Pütter, concerning privileges in Germany, ii, 415

Pynson, Richard, King’s printer, ii, 133, 138, 467

R

Rabanus, M., treatise by, De Instituto Clericorum, i, 116

Rabelais, a student in Montpellier, i, 196

Radegonde, Saint, i, 51

Radewijus, Florentius, i, 89

Rahn, Die Künste in der Schweiz, cited, i, 43 ff.

Raphelengius, ii, 282 ff., 294

Rapond, Dyne, banker and book-seller, i, 274 ff.

Ratdolt, printer-publisher of Augsburg, ii, 396

Rauchler, Johann, first Rector of Tübingen High School, i, 369

Ravenna, Peter of, ii, 345

Reading aloud at meals, i, 69

Reculfus, Bishop of Soissons, the Constitutions of, i, 117

Reformation, the, influence of, upon the literary activities of Germany, i, 224; literature of, sold under prohibitory regulations, i, 399; literature of, printed in Leipzig and in Wittenberg, i, 401; influence of, on the production of literature, ii, 26 ff.; the influence of, on publishing in Germany, ii, 152; an intellectual revolution, ii, 217

Regino, Abbot of Prüm, i, 57

Reinhart, Johann, an early printer of popular literature, i, 384 ff.

Renaissance, the, as the forerunner of the printing-press, i, 317 ff.

Renilde, Abbess, skilled as a scribe, i, 53

Reno, Guillaume de, i, 85

Resbacense, catalogue of the library in monastery of, i, 128

Resch, publisher of Paris, ii, 442

Reuchlin, Johann, relations of with Aldus, i, 426 ff.; founder of Greek studies in Germany, i, 429; appointed professor in Ingolstadt, i, 429; ii, 172, 202, 226, 237

Rhaw, George, publisher for Luther, ii, 231

Rhenanus, Beatus, writes introduction for the works of Erasmus, i, 435; as corrector for Henry Estienne (the elder), ii, 21; on Froben, ii, 188; writes to Erasmus, ii, 232; death of, ii, 45

Rhenish-Celtic Society, ii, 414

Richard II., ii, 117

—— de Bury, on the Mendicant Friars, i, 148

—— of Wedinghausen, the preservation of his writing hand, i, 65

Richelieu, institutes the French Academy, ii, 458

Richer, French chronicler, i, 56

Rifformatori, the, of Venice, ii, 367; regulations of, in 1767, concerning the book-trade, ii, 397

Riquier, Saint, books possessed by the monks of, i, 97

Rivers, Earl, ii, 103, 122

Rivington, the House of, ii, 335

—— Charles, ii, 335

Robertson, quotes Montfaucon erroneously, i, 72; inaccurate statements of, concerning the prices of books in the Middle Ages, i, 135; misquotes Muratori concerning monastery collection of books, i, 138

Rochelle, publishing operations in, ii, 452

Rodolphus of Fulda, i, 57

Roger of Wendover, historiographer of St. Albans, i, 104; Chronicles of, i, 56, 104 ff., 307

Rogers, J. E. Thorold, on early bookselling in England, i, 306

Rolewinck, the Outline History of the World by, i, 368

Romana Littera, definition of, i, 227

Romance writing in England in the 14th and 15th centuries, i, 303 ff.

Romans, church of (in Dauphiny), destroyed six times, i, 133

Rome, as a book market in the seventh century, i, 226

Rood, Theodore, printer of Oxford, i, 242; ii, 137

Rooses, Max, ii, 256

Rouen, the manuscript-dealers of, i, 270

Royal privileges in England, ii, 468 ff.

Royes, Joseph, ii, 140

Rufus, Mutianus, letter of, concerning the interference of war with literature, i, 431

Rühel and Sulfisch secure a privilege for Luther’s Bible, ii, 235

Rule of S. Benedict, the original MSS. destroyed in the monastery of Teano, i, 133

Ruppel, Berthold, first printer of Basel, i, 392

Rusch, Adolph, printer-publisher and paper-dealer, i, 384

S

Sabellico, Antonio, ii, 345, 488

Sachs, Hans, ii, 243 ff.

Sachsenspiegel, early editions of the, i, 392

St. Albans, literary work in the monastery of, i, 69; the abbey of, i, 102; the scriptorium and library of, i, 102; the Chronicles of, i, 104; printing in, ii, 137; The Book of, ii, 138

St. Gall, monastery of, i, 40; work of the nuns of, i, 55; curious inscription in a manuscript of, i, 73; the abbey of, i, 125; decadence in monastery of, during the 13th century, i, 84

Salamanca, the monastery of, i, 196

Salerno, the school of, i, 182

Sallengre, M. de, ii, 72

Salmasius (Saumaise).

Sanuto, Marino, ii, 357

Saracens, destroy monasteries in Italy, i, 132

Sarpi, Fra Paolo, ii, 372 ff.; and the interdict, ii, 384; formulates the scheme of a legitimate Index, ii, 389

Saumaise (Salmasius), ii, 315 ff.

Saxony, censorship in, ii, 244

Saxon literature, early, i, 91

Scævola, ii, 56

Scaliger, ii, 64 ff., 304

Scapula, Joannes, plagiarist, ii, 81

Schedd, the Chronicle of, ii, 171

Scheffel’s, Der treue Ekkehart, i, 127

Schöffer, Peter, printer, admitted as a citizen in Frankfort, i, 288, 359; employed by Gutenberg, i, 372; taken into partnership by Fust, i, 373; Impressor Librorum, i, 375; appointed agent for the University of Paris, i, 376; suit of, against Inkus, i, 376; summary of the publishing undertakings of, i, 378 ff.; establishes an agency in Paris, ii, 7, 178

Schönsperger, publisher of Augsburg, ii, 225, 229

Schools, the earlier monastery, i, 106

Schoolbooks in manuscript, prices of, i, 284, 286; prices of, in North Germany, in the 15th century, i, 300

Schott, Johann, imperial privilege secured by, ii, 414

Schürer, printer of Strasburg, ii, 200

Schurmann, opinion of, concerning the imperial control of literature, ii, 417

Schweinheim, printer of Subiaco and of Rome, i, 405

Scolar, Johannes, ii, 137

Scott’s Elizabethan Translations from the Italian, cited, ii, 144

Scotus, Erigena, appointed master of the palace school at Tours, i, 116

Scribes, of African and Eastern monasteries, i, 33; monastic privileges of, i, 69; licensed for German towns, i, 294 ff.; of Germany, carry on their work in the porches of the churches and cathedrals, i, 295

Scrimger, Henry, ii, 68

Scripta notaria, i, 43

Scriptorium, the consecration of the, i, 61; form of benediction for, i, 76

Seanachies, an order of Celtic bards, i, 49

Séguier, Chancellor of France, ii, 457

Selden, the Mare Clausum of, ii, 308

Senate, the Venetian, takes action to protect the printing-press, ii, 391

Seneca, maxim of, i, 195

Senis, Guidomarus de, librarius and poet, i, 273

Sens, Council of, ii, 22

Sensenschmid of Eger, ii, 150

Servetus, ii, 52, 54

Sforza, Francesco, i, 337

Shakespeare’s plays, sources of certain of the plots of, ii, 145

Shakespeare, published works of, ii, 146

Scheurl, writes to Campeggi, ii, 246

Ship of Fools, the, first English edition of, ii, 139

Sidney, Sir Philip, ii, 84

Sidonius, Caius Sollius Apollinaris, i, 5, 6, 7

Sigismund, John, ii, 425

Silvius, Æneas, the Europa of, i, 281

——, William, ii, 287, 294 ff.

Simler, Josias, ii, 376

Simmons, Samuel, ii, 147

Simon, Abbot of St. Albans, i, 103

Sintram, noteworthy as a copyist, i, 126

Sisebut, King, pupil of Isidore, i, 36

Sithiu, the monks of, secure from Charlemagne hunting privileges, i, 124

Sixtus V., and the Tridentine Index, ii, 377

Slovenic versions of the writings of the Reformers, ii, 230

Soardi, publisher of Venice, ii, 354

Socinus, Lelius, and Faustus, ii, 52, 53

Solomon, Abbot of St. Gall, the vocabulary of, i, 126

Somerset, Duchess of, ii, 127

Soncino, the first Hebrew Bible printed in, i, 459

Sorbonne, college of the, the foundation of, i, 216; the special functions of, i, 217; the Doctors of the, ii, 19 ff., 47 ff.; Theological Faculty of, ii, 29 ff.; relations of the, with Robert Estienne, ii, 49 ff.

Sorg, printer-publisher of Augsburg, i, 396

Southampton, Earl of, ii, 146

Spain, monasteries in, destroyed by the Moors, i, 132; the early universities of, i, 196; activity of the Moorish scholars in, i, 253 ff.; manuscript-dealers of, in the fifteenth century, i, 313

Spalatin, librarian of the Elector of Saxony, i, 432

Spalato, Archbishop of, ii, 388

“Spanish Fury,” the, ii, 273

Speculum Humanæ Salvationis, i, 352

Spengler, Syndic of Nuremberg, ii, 237

Speyer, John of, and the writings of Luther, ii, 246, 344

Spiegel, Jacob, supervisor of literature, ii, 420

Spottswood, ii, 96

Stab, Johann, secures an imperial privilege, ii, 419

Stadius, John, imperial privilege secured by, ii, 414

Stadtschreiber, licensed for the cities of North Germany, i, 283

Star-Chamber, the, relations of, to the supervision of the Press, ii, 470

Stathoen, Herman von, librarius of Paris, i, 270

Stationarii, i, 10; first use of the term, i, 184 ff.; of the German universities, i, 220; of Paris, regulations concerning, i, 260 ff.; status of, in Oxford, i, 310 ff.

Stationarii peciarum, functions of, i, 191

Stationers’ Company, organisation of the, in England, i, 219; charter granted to, i, 219, 311; ii, 365, 465 ff.; regulations of, ii, 469 ff.

Stationers’ Hall, the, of London, i, 311

Stavelot, Johann of, work as a scribe, i, 87

Stenzel, Thomas, historian, cited, i, 59

Stephani (or Estiennes), ii, 15 ff.

Stephanus, Robertus, see Estienne.

Stereotyping, date of invention of, ii, 329

Strasburg, library of the Cathedral of, i, 301; an early publishing centre, i, 381; and the writings of Luther, ii, 246

Strozzi, Palla degli, i, 327 ff.

Studia publica or generalia, i, 181

Subiaco, the monastery of, i, 12; the place of the first printing in Italy, i, 404

Subscription method of publishing in England, ii, 435 ff.

Suger, Abbot, historian, i, 58

Sully, ii, 96

Sylvester II., ii, 480

Symonds, J. A., The Renaissance in Italy, of, i, 319 ff.

T

Tacitus, important manuscript of, secured in Corvey, i, 301

Tegernsee, the monks of, i, 39; the monastery of, a place of book production, i, 86

Terms used in scribe work, i, 42 ff.

Terracina, monopoly granted to, ii, 347

Testament, the New, edition by Erasmus, ii, 205 ff.; Lutheran version of, ii, 223 ff.

Text-books in manuscript, prices of, i, 286

Thafar, Al-baghdádé, chief among Moorish scribes, i, 254

Thausing, M., concerning the work of Dürer, ii, 409

Theodadad, King of the Goths, i, 20

Theodoric, King of the Goths and the Romans, i, 9, 18; his Arian faith, i, 18; his toleration of the Athanasians due to Cassiodorus, i, 18

Theodosius II., as a scribe, i, 42

Theology, importance of the study of, in the University of Paris, i, 261

Theses, the ninety-five, ii, 222

Thirty Years’ War, the, ii, 290 ff.; influence of, on literary production, ii, 498

Thomaïtes, the Patriarch’s library in, i, 146

Thomson’s Seasons, ii, 472

Thurot, citation from, concerning methods of instruction in the Middle Ages, i, 216

Tilly, ii, 248

Tiphernas, ii, 23

Tiraboschi, i, 183

Tischendorf, Testament MSS. discovered by, i, 146

Tissard, Francis, furthers the study of Greek in Paris, ii, 10

Tonson, Jacob, ii, 148

Torquemada, see Turrecremata

——, Tomas, Inquisitor-General, i, 404

Torresano, father-in-law of Aldus, buys printing plant from Jenson, i, 411; unites his printing concern with that of Aldus, i, 420; takes over the business of Aldus, i, 438

Toulouse, Press of, ii, 92

Tousé, Guillaume, publisher of Paris, sends out travellers, i, 218

Towton, battle of, ii, 116

Traversari, Ambrosio, makes reference to the book-shops of Florence, i, 235

Trevers, printer of London, ii, 468

Tridentine Index, the, ii, 375 ff.

Trithemius (Johann Trittenheim), Abbot of Sponheim, i, 21, 22; cited, i, 71; rebukes his monks, i, 73 ff.; writes De Laude Scriptorum, i, 88, 359, 366

Truber, Primus, ii, 229

Trutwetter, ii, 238

Tübingen, as a publishing centre, ii, 229 ff.

Turrecremata, Juan, Cardinal, introduces printing into Italy, i, 404; invites to Rome Hahn, printer, of Ingolstadt, i, 406

Tyndale, William, ii, 140

Type, fonts of, used by the earlier Italian printers, i, 412; style of, used by the Kobergers, ii, 164

U

Ulfilas, ii, 306

Ulm, the magistracy of, protects the contracts of Schöffer, i, 377; the early printers of, i, 397

Ulpian Library, in Rome, i, 8, 9

Ulrich III., Abbot of Michelsberg, i, 85

Ungnad, the Freiherr of, ii, 230

University, definition of the term, i, 181; the term defined by Malden, i, 199

—— of Paris, controls the book-trade of the city, i, 214; regulations of, concerning book-dealers, i, 263 ff.; publishes an Index Expurgatorius, ii, 373

Universities, early, influence of the, upon the education of the monasteries, i, 85; the making of books in the, i, 178 ff.; the historians of the, i, 180; of Europe, character of the membership of the earlier, i, 221; of France, members of, exempted from taxes, etc., i, 199; of Germany, the earlier text-books of, i, 220; of Spain, i, 196

Unkel, Bartholomäus, prints in Low German, the Sachsenspiegel, i, 388

Urbanus orders books from Aldus, i, 425

Urbino, the ducal library of, i, 366

V

Valdarfer, prints the first edition of the Decameron in Florence, i, 325; printer of Milan, i, 447

Valla, Laurentius (or Lorenzo), exposes the fraudulent character of the Donation of Constantine, i, 83, 331; ii, 227; writings of, printed in Paris, ii, 10, 203; compensation paid to, i, 329; literary controversies of, i, 332 ff.

Valladolid, the Index of, ii, 270

Vandals, besiege Hippo, i, 4

Van Dyck, Anthony, ii, 307

——, Christophe, ii, 307

Van Praet, ii, 108

Vascosanus, ii, 25

Vatablus, ii, 36, 45

Vavasseur, ii, 72

Venice, relations of, to the manuscript-trade, i, 234, 242; development of the manuscript-trade of, i, 242, 243; the academy of, i, 345; takes the lead in the printing undertakings of Italy, i, 407 ff.; the Senate of, prohibits the exportation of rags, i, 409; facilities of, as a centre of trade, and for publishing undertakings, i, 409 ff.; the wars of, i, 420; Protectionist policy of, ii, 347; earliest legislation in, concerning literature, ii, 359 ff.; relations of, with Germany, ii, 376; requirements for the matriculation of booksellers of, ii, 396

Venetian book-trade, last contests of, with Rome, ii, 401 ff.

Vérard, Anthony, printer in Paris, ii, 8

Vercelli, the University of, i, 183; early regulations in University of, concerning the book-trade, i, 188

Vere, the Lady of, ii, 197

Vergetius, ii, 42

Verlags- und Drück-Privilegien, ii, 426

Verona, the manuscript-trade of, i, 228; the manuscript-dealers of, i, 246

Vespasiano, author, dealer in manuscripts, book collector and librarian, i, 235, 247 ff., 341 ff., 365

Victorius, Petrus, ii, 67 ff.

Vidouvé, ii, 23

Vienna, regulations for the copyists in the University of, i, 220; book-trade in the University of, i, 279; the Cathedral of S. Stephen in, a centre of the book-trade, i, 283

Viliaric, a Gothic scribe, i, 43; an antiquarius, i, 245

Virgil, an Italian conjurer, i, 143

Visconti, Filippo Maria, i, 335

——, Galeazzo, i, 183

Visigoths, code of laws of, i, 225

Vitalis, Ordericus, Chronicles of, i, 56, 60, 307

Vitensis, Victor, cited, i, 3

Vitet, concerning the Press in France in the sixteenth century, ii, 450

Vivaria, or Viviers, monastery of, founded, i, 10

Voyage Littéraire de Deux Religieux Benedictins, i, 131

Vüc, Joorquin de, bookseller to Duke Philip of Burgundy, i, 289

Vycey, Thomas, earliest stationarius recorded in London, i, 312

W

Waldorfer, see Valdarfer

Wandrille, Saint, Chronicles of the monastery of, i, 227

Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii, 215

Warton, describes the library of the Abbey of Gembloux, i, 97

Wattenbach, Das Schriftwesen, etc., cited, i, 38 ff.

Wearmouth, library collected for the monastery of, i, 95

Weissenburger, Johann, publisher for Luther, ii, 221

Wendover, Roger of, see under Roger.

Wenzel, King of Bohemia, buys books in Paris, i, 218, 261

Westminster, Caxton’s printing-office at, ii, 113

White, Andrew, ii, 147

Wilfred, Saint, institutes the Benedictine monasteries, organises monastic schools, initiates instruction in music, i, 94

Willems, Alphonse, ii, 286

Willer, bookseller of Augsburg, prints the first classified catalogue known to the German book-trade, i, 397

William, Abbot of Hirschau, i, 70, 71; defends the cause of the Pope against the Emperor, i, 82

Wimpfeling, Jacob, on the intellectual supremacy of the Germans, ii, 162, 168

Windelin, secures a monopoly of printing in Venice, i, 408

Windesheim, the nuns of, producers of books, i, 90

Wipo, the Tetralogus of, i, 225

Witigis, defeated by Belisarius, i, 20

Wittenberg as a publishing centre, ii, 233, 248

Wittikind, of Corvey, i, 58

Wittwer, Wilhelm, the catalogue of, i, 87

Wohlrabe, prints in Leipzig piracy editions of Lutheran literature, i, 402

Wolf, publisher of Basel, ii, 225

Wolff von Prunow, Bibliopola of Heidelberg, i, 289

Women as book-dealers in Paris, i, 211

Women medical students in Salerno, i, 182

Worde, Wynken de, ii, 125, 133 ff., 468 ff.

Worms, the Diet of, ii, 266; Edict of, ii, 241

Wright, Thomas, on the early English romances, i, 305

Wulfstan, Bishop of York, sermons of, i, 101

X

Xylography, i, 350

Y

York Cathedral, the library of, i, 108

York-Powell, and Vigfusson, Corpus Poeticum Boreale, of, i, 92

Z

Zainer, printer of Augsburg, i, 396

Zane, Archbishop of Spalato, ii, 354

Zarotus, printer of Milan, i, 447

Zasius, Ulrich, i, 173, 174; ii, 432

Zell, Matthäus, ii, 246

——, Ulrich, the first printer of Cologne, i, 292, 359, 387; ii, 109, 110, 136

Zeno, libraire of Paris in the fourteenth century, schedule of his books, i, 271

Ziegelbauer, Observationes Literariæ S. Benedicti of, i, 122; statistics of, concerning the monastery libraries, i, 135

Zink, Burkard, scribe of Augsburg, i, 41

Zosimus, Pope, the canons of, i, 116

Zurich, early printers of, i, 396

Zwingli, publishing arrangements of, i, 396; friend of Zasius, ii, 174; letters of, to Rhenanus, ii, 185 ff., 253

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