INDEX

Adrenal extract: effect of, on muscular contraction, 82.

Adrenal glands: nerve supply of, 37;

stimulated in emotion, 52-59, 62–63;

stimulated in pain, 59–62, 63;

in relation to blood sugar, 77;

removal of, causes muscular weakness, 81;

secretion of, improves contraction of fatigued muscle, 92;

variations in adrenin content of, 171;

latent period of, when splanchnics stimulated, 188;

amount of secretion from, when splanchnics stimulated, 198;

fatigue of, 199;

stimulated by asphyxia, 206–208.

Adrenin: secreted by adrenal glands, 36;

action of, identical with sympathetic impulses, 37, 64;

secretion of, by splanchnic stimulation, 41–43;

secreted in emotional excitement, 44, 52–59;

method of testing for, in blood, 47–50;

secreted in emotion, 52–59, 62–63;

disappearance of, from blood, 58;

secreted in pain, 59–62, 63;

effects of, when injected into body, 64–65;

effect of, on distribution of blood in the body, 107;

quickly restores fatigued muscle to normal irritability, 119–123;

specific in its restorative action, 124–128;

as an antidote to muscular metabolites, 129;

restores fatigued denervated muscle to normal irritability, 130;

point of action of, in muscle, 128–133;

antagonistic to curare, 132;

induces rapid coagulation of blood, 136, 147 ff.;

not the direct cause of rapid coagulation, 156–158;

fails to shorten coagulation time in absence of intestines and liver, 157–158;

variable amount of, in adrenal glands, 171;

emergency functions of, 185 ff.;

utility of, in bettering the contraction of fatigued muscle, 194–195;

not a check to use of sugar in the body, 197, 199;

amount of, secreted when splanchnics stimulated, 198;

a condition for increase of blood sugar, 199;

stimulates the heart, 191, 201;

dilates the bronchioles, 204;

secretion of, increased in asphyxia, 206–208.

Amyl nitrite: effect of, on contraction of fatigued muscle, 126.

Anger: associated with action, 188;

energizing influence of, 216.

Antagonisms: autonomic, 34;

in relation to emotions, 38;

between cranial and sympathetic divisions, 268–270;

between sacral and sympathetic divisions, 270–272.

Appetite: compared with hunger, 233, 235;

operation of, after section of vagus and splanchnic nerves, 240.

Arterial blood pressure: increased in excitement, 95;

artificial methods of increasing, 97;

influence of different heights of, on fatigue, 97–102;

influence of increase of, on fatigue, 97–102;

influence of decrease of, on fatigue, 102–104;

the “critical region” in decreasing, 104;

explanation of effects on fatigued muscle, of varying, 104–106;

value of increased, in pain and emotion, 106.

Arteries: innervation of, 26.

Asphyxia: increases adrenal secretion, 206–208;

increases sugar in blood, 209.

Athletes: glycosuria of, after games, 75.

Autonomic nervous system: three divisions of, 25;

arrangement of sympathetic division of, 26–29;

arrangement of cranial and sacral divisions of, 29–30;

general functions of cranial division of, 30–32;

general functions of sacral division of, 32–34;

antagonism between sympathetic and cranial-sacral divisions of, 34–36;

identity of action of sympathetic division of, and adrenal secretion, 36–38;

antagonisms between emotions expressed in, 268–272.

Behavior: biological explanation of, 2.

Bile: flow of, inhibited by excitement, 13.

Bladder: innervation of, 27, 32;

effects of emotions on, 33.

Blood: method of obtaining, for test for adrenin, 45–46;

method of testing, for adrenin, 47–50;

sugar in, 66, 73–74;

distribution of, as affected by adrenin, pain and excitement, 107–108, 200;

functions of, 135;

rapid coagulation of, by adrenin, 136 ff.;

drawing of, for testing coagulation time, 140–142;

treatment of, in testing coagulation time, 142–145;

faster coagulation of, after subcutaneous injections of adrenin, 147–150,

and after intravenous injections, 150–156;

oscillations in the rate of coagulation of, 155;

rapid coagulation of, not due directly to adrenin, 156–158;

rapid coagulation of, not caused by adrenin in absence of liver and intestines, 157–158,

and not caused by increase of blood sugar, 159, 170;

coagulation of, hastened by splanchnic stimulation, 162–167,

but not in absence of adrenal glands, 167–171;

possible delay of coagulation of, after stimulation of hepatic nerves, 170;

coagulation of, hastened by “painful” stimulation, 172–177;

coagulation of, hastened in light anesthesia, 174–177;

rapid coagulation of, after excitement, stopped by severing splanchnic nerves, 180–182;

utility of increased sugar in, 188–193;

distribution of, in pain and excitement, favorable to muscular effort, 201;

sugar in, increased by asphyxia, 209;

utility of rapid coagulation of, 211.

Bronchioles: dilated by adrenin, 204.

Bulimia: explanation of, 262.

Coagulation, see Blood.

Coagulometer: graphic, 138–147.

Combat: relation of emotion and endurance in, 225–226;

nature of ancient, 294.

Constipation: as result of worry and anxiety, 271.

Cortex, cerebral: insensitiveness of, 242.

Cranial autonomic division: functions of, to conserve bodily resources, 30–32, 268;

activities of, suppressed by activities of sympathetic division, 268–272.

Curare: action of, antagonized by adrenin, 132.

Dances: relation of excitement and endurance in, 222–224.

Danger: stimulating effect of, 230.

Dervishes: exhibitions of endurance by, 224.

Digestion: interruption of, by strong emotion, 9–12, 13–18, 268–269.

Emotions: surface signs of, 3;

favorable to digestive secretions, 4–8;

unfavorable to digestive secretions, 9–13;

persistence of effects of, on digestive secretions, 12;

effects of, on gastric and intestinal contractions, 13–18;

in relation to sympathetic division, 36;

in relation to adrenal secretion, 44, 52–59, 62–63;

increase of blood sugar in, 66, 73;

glycosuria in, 70–76;

influence of, on distribution of blood in body, 108;

faster coagulation of blood in, 177–182,

but stopped by cutting splanchnics, 180–182;

value of forced respiration in, 203;

value of bronchiolar dilation in, 204;

relation to action, 215;

displayed in a “pattern” response, 218, 282;

in relation to exhibitions of power and endurance, 215, 229;

antagonisms between cranial and sympathetic, 268–270,

and between sacral and sympathetic, 270–272;

similarity of visceral changes in strong, 275–279;

dependence of, on cerebral cortex, 282–283.

Endurance: feats of, related to great emotion, 217–218;

in the excitements of mania and dancing, 222–224;

stimulated by music, 228.

Esophagus: contractions of, associated with hunger sensation, 259–260.

Fatigue: of muscle, 84;

muscular, lessened by splanchnic stimulation, 89–93;

as affected by increase of arterial pressure, 97–102;

irritability of muscle in, increased by splanchnic stimulation, 101;

explanation of effects of varied arterial pressure on, 104–106;

lessens neuro-muscular irritability, 114–117, 120;

effect of, on curarized muscle, 132;

utility of adrenin in lessening effects of, 194, 195;

of adrenal glands, 199;

cessation of hunger contractions in, 262.

Fear: anticipatory character of, 186–187;

associated with action, 188;

explanation of paralyzing effect of, 189;

energizing influence of, 216;

relation to rage, 275;

bodily changes in, like those in rage, 276–277;

importance of, as a fighting emotion, 286.

“Fesselungsdiabetes,” 69.

Fever: absence of hunger in, 242, 263.

Fighting emotions: bodily changes in, like those in competitive sports, 219–221, 296;

anger and fear as, 285;

importance of, 286;

satisfactions for, in competitive sports, 301.

Food: effect of sight and smell of, on gastric secretion, 6.

Football: glycosuria in players of, 75;

relation of excitement and power in, 219–221.

Frenzy: endurance in, 223, 224.

Ganglia: autonomic, 23.

Gastric glands: turgescence of, not the cause of hunger sensation, 249–250.

Gastric juice: psychic secretion of, 5–8, 11;

importance of, for intestinal digestion, 7;

flow of, inhibited by excitement, 9–12,

and by pain, 19.

Generative organs: innervation of, 32, 33;

effects of strong emotions on activities in, 271.

Glycosuria: in pain, 69–70;

in emotion, 70–76;

after football, 75, 221;

after examinations, 76;

dependence of, on adrenal glands, 77.

Heart: innervation of, 26, 31;

use of sugar by, 191;

stimulated by adrenin, 191, 201.

Hunger: compared with appetite, 233, 235;

description of, 234–236;

theories of, 237;

as a general sensation, 237;

disappearance of, as time passes, 238–239;

when stomach full, 239;

may be absent in bodily need, 242–243;

temporarily abolished by indigestible materials, 243;

quick onset and periodicity of, 244–245;

reference of, to stomach region, 245–247;

not due to emptiness of stomach, 248;

not due to hydrochloric acid in empty stomach, 248;

not due to turgid gastric glands, 249–250;

as the result of contractions, 251–253;

inhibited by swallowing, 254;

method of recording gastric contractions in, 255–256;

associated with gastric contractions, 256–259,

and with esophageal contractions, 259–260;

function of, 263–264, 272–275.

Hydrochloric acid: not the cause of hunger sensation, 248.

Intestine: contractions of, inhibited by excitement, 16;

innervation of, 27, 31;

use of, as test for adrenin in blood, 47–50;

contracts when empty, 251–253;

contractions of, may originate hunger sensations, 263.

Instincts: relation of, to emotions, 187, 188.

Irritability: increased in fatigued muscle by splanchnic stimulation, 101;

neuro-muscular, lessened by fatigue, 114–117, 120;

when lowered, restored slowly by rest, 119;

when lowered, restored quickly by adrenin, 119–123, 195.

“Jumpers”: exhibition of endurance by, 223.

Mania: endurance in, 222.

Martial virtues: claims for, by militarists, 287;

importance of preserving, 290–291;

preserved in competitive sports, 297–299.

Metabolites: influence of, on muscular contraction, 104;

action of, opposed by adrenin, 129;

increase adrenal secretion, 206–208.

Militarists: emphasis of, on strength of fighting instincts, 286–288;

claims of, as to values of war, 287;

support for claims of, 287.

Muscle: weakness of, after removal of adrenal glands, 81;

improved contraction of, after injection of adrenal extract, 82;

fatigue of, 84;

method of recording fatigue of, 85–86;

fatigue of, lessened by splanchnic stimulation, 89–93;

contraction of, when fatigued, improved by increased arterial pressure, 97–102;

irritability of, when fatigued, increased by splanchnic stimulation, 101;

contraction of, when fatigued, lessened by decreased arterial pressure, 102–104;

explanation of effects of varied arterial pressure on fatigued, 104–106;

irritability of, decreased in fatigue, 114–117, 120;

decreased irritability of, slowly restored by rest, 117–118,

and quickly restored by adrenin, 119–123;

contraction of fatigued denervated, increased by adrenin, 130;

point of action of adrenin in, 128–133;

use of, in struggle, 189;

energy of, from carbonaceous material, 190–193;

disappearance of glycogen from, 190;

increased efficiency of, with increase of blood sugar, 192–193;

utility of adrenin in lessening fatigue of, 194–195;

efficiency of, increased by distribution of blood in pain and excitement, 201.

Music: stimulating influence of, 227;

influence of martial, 228.

Neurones, autonomic: extensive distribution of sympathetic, 26;

arrangement of sympathetic for diffuse action, 28;

restricted distribution of cranial and sacral, 29;

arrangement for specific action, 30.

Olympic games: as physical substitutes for warfare, 297–298.

Operations: in light anesthesia hasten coagulation of blood, 174–177.

“Ordeal of rice,” 9.

Pain: disturbing effect of, on digestion, 18–19;

as occasion for adrenal secretion, 59–62, 63;

glycosuria in, 69–70;

influence of, on distribution of blood in body, 108;

hastens coagulation of blood, 172–177;

reflex nature of responses in, 185–187;

associated with action, 189;

stimulating and depressive effects of, 189.

Pancreatic juice: flow of, inhibited by excitement, 13.

Philippine Islands: substitution of sports for warfare in, 297.

Power: the feeling of, 229.

Psychic secretion: of gastric juice, 5–8, 11;

of saliva, 6;

dependent on cranial autonomic innervation, 31.

Psychic “tone”: of gastro-intestinal muscles, 13.

Racing: relation of excitement and power in, 221.

Rage: relation of, to fear, 275;

transformation of other emotions into, 276;

bodily changes in, like those in fear, 276–277;

importance of, as a fighting emotion, 286.

Reflexes: “purposive” character of, 185–186.

“Reservoirs of power,” 216.

Respiration: utility of increased, in pain and excitement, 202;

value of forced, in lessening distress, 203.

Rest: restores irritability lessened by fatigue, 117–118.

Sacral autonomic division: functions of, in mechanisms for emptying, 32–34;

activities of, suppressed by activities of sympathetic division, 270–272.

Saliva: psychic secretion of, 6;

importance of, for taste, 6;

flow of, inhibited by excitement, 9.

Salivary glands: innervation of, by cranial autonomic, 31.

“Second wind”: explanation of, 210.

Sex: instinct of, suppressed by fear and anger, 271.

“Sham feeding,” 5.

Splanchnic nerves: stimulation of, causes adrenal secretion, 41–43;

method of stimulating, 87–88;

stimulation of, improves contraction of fatigued muscle, 89;

stimulation of, hastens coagulation of blood, 162–167,

but not in absence of adrenal glands, 167–171;

severance of, stops rapid coagulation following excitement, 180–182;

eating after severance of, 240.

Sports: relation of excitement and power in, 219–221, 296;

as physical substitutes for warfare, 297–301;

moral values of, 300.

Stomach: psychic tonus of, 13;

contractions of, inhibited by excitement, 14–15, 17,

and by pain, 19;

innervated by sympathetic neurones, 27,

and by cranial autonomic, 31;

reference of hunger sensation to, 245–247;

emptiness of, not the cause of hunger, 248;

contractions of, when empty, 251–253;

method of recording contractions of, 255–256;

contractions of, when empty, associated with hunger sensations, 256–259;

function of contractions of empty, 263–264.

Strength: feats of, related to great emotion, 217–218, 229.

Sugar: in blood, 66, 73;

in urine, 69–76;

relation of adrenal glands to, in blood, 77;

increase of, in blood, does not hasten clotting, 159, 170;

utility of, when increased in blood, 188–193;

a source of muscular energy, 191–193;

a means of increasing muscular efficiency, 192–193;

use of, in body, not checked by adrenin, 197–199.

Swallowing: inhibits hunger sensation, 254.

Sweating: value of, in emotion and pain, 203.

“Sympathetic” autonomic division: extensive distribution of neurones of, 26;

arranged for diffuse action, 28;

antagonistic to cranial and sacral divisions, 34–36;

active in pain and strong emotion, 36;

emotions expressed in, opposed to those expressed in cranial and sacral divisions, 268–272;

dominance of, temporary, 273.

Threshold stimulus: as measure of irritability, 111;

method of determining, 111–114;

increased in fatigue, 114–117, 120;

when increased, slowly restored by rest, 117–118,

and quickly restored by adrenin, 119–123.

Trial by battle: feats of endurance in, 226.

Vagus nerves: severance of, does not abolish appetite, 240–241,

and does not abolish hunger contractions of the stomach, 261.

Viscera: similar changes in, in various strong emotions, 275–279;

changes in, not distinctive for emotions, 280–281.

Vomiting: in consequence of pain, 19.

Warfare: as an expression of strong emotions, 286;

physical and moral values claimed for, 287;

barbarities of, and opposition to, 289–290;

moral substitutes for, 292–293;

physical substitutes for, 293–297;

contrast between ancient and modern, 294–295.

Witnesses: stimulating influence of, 227.

Work: effect of, on neuro-muscular irritability, 117;

done with use of carbonaceous material, 190–193.