Birds of the Indian Hills

Part 3 — PART III

Reading edition

The Common Birds of the Palni Hills

THE COMMON BIRDS OF THE PALNI HILLS

For the benefit of those who visit Kodikanal I have compiled a list of the birds most commonly seen at altitudes of over 5000 feet in the Palni hills. I must here state that I have no first-hand knowledge of the avifauna of those hills, and the list that follows is based on the observations of Dr. Fairbank, made nearly 40 years ago.

The avifauna of the Palni is a comparatively restricted one: which is in part doubtless explained by the comparatively small area of the higher ranges that is covered by forest.

The great majority of the birds that follow have been described in the chapter on the birds of the Nilgiris, and I have contented myself with merely naming such.

THE CORVIDÆ OR CROW FAMILY

1. Corvus macrorhynchus. The Indian corby. This is not very abundant above 5500 feet.

2. Dendrocitta rufa. The tree-pie. This does not appear to occur above 5000 feet.

3. Machlolophus haplonotus. The southern yellow tit. Occurs at Kodikanal, but is not very common there.

THE CRATEROPODIDÆ OR BABBLER FAMILY

4. Crateropus canorus. The jungle babbler. This rarely ascends higher than 5000 feet.

5. Trochalopterum fairbanki. The Palni laughing-thrush. This species is peculiar to the Palnis and the Anamallis. The head is very dark brown, almost black, with a broad white eyebrow. The cheeks are grey, as are the chin, throat, and breast. The back, wings, and tail are olive brown tinged with rusty red. The abdomen is bright rufous. The noisy cries of this bird are among the most familiar sounds of Kodikanal. It is destructive to peaches and raspberries.

6. Pomatorhinus horsfieldi. The southern scimitar-babbler. This is not nearly so abundant on the Palnis as on the Nilgiris.

7. Zosterops palpebrosa. The Indian white-eye. A common bird.

8. Iole icteria. The yellow-browed bulbul. Otocompsa fuscicaudata. The southern red-whiskered bulbul or hill-bulbul. As in the Nilgiris so in the Palnis, this is the most abundant bird on the higher hills.

9. Molpastes hæmorrhous. The Madras red-vented bulbul. The higher one ascends, the rarer this bird becomes.

10. Hypsipetes ganeesa. The southern black bulbul.

11. Myiophoneus horsfieldi. The Malabar whistling-thrush or idle schoolboy. This fine but shy bird is found on the streams up to 6000 feet. It is a bird as large as a crow, with glossy black plumage, in which are patches of bright cobalt blue.

It is better known to the ear than to the eye. It emits a number of cheerful whistling notes.

THE SITTIDÆ OR NUTHATCH FAMILY

12. Sitta frontalis. The velvet-fronted blue nuthatch. This bird is found in every part of the Palnis where there are trees.

THE DICRURIDÆ OR DRONGO FAMILY

13. Chaptia ænea. The bronzed drongo. This species is not often seen at altitudes of more than 5000 feet above sea-level.

It is like the common king-crow in appearance, but the plumage is glossed with a bronze sheen, and the tail is less markedly forked.

THE SYLVIIDÆ OR WARBLER FAMILY

14. Orthotomus sartorius. The tailor bird. This has been seen as high as 5500 feet above the sea-level.

15. Prinia socialis. The ashy wren-warbler.

16. Prinia inorata. The Indian wren-warbler. This is very like the ashy wren-warbler in appearance. Its upper plumage is earthy-brown, and not reddish brown, and it does not make during flight the curious snapping noise so characteristic of P. socialis.

THE LANIIDÆ OR SHRIKE FAMILY

17. Lanius erythronotus. The rufous-backed shrike.

18. Pericrocotus flammeus. The orange minivet. This beautiful bird occurs from the bottom to the top of the Palnis.

19. Pericrocotus peregrinus. The little minivet. This is a bird of the plains rather than of the hills. But as Fairbank observed it in the Palnis as high as 5000 feet, it is given a place in this list. Cock: Head and shoulders slaty grey, lower back deep scarlet, wings black with red bar, tail black with red at tip, chin and throat blackish, breast scarlet; lower plumage orange yellow. Hen: upper parts grey, lower parts creamy white, wing brown with yellow or orange bar, tail black with red tip.

This species is smaller than a sparrow, but the tail is 3 inches long.

THE ORIOLIDÆ OR ORIOLE FAMILY

20. Oriolus melanocephalus. The black-headed oriole. This species has been seen as high as 5000 feet above the sea-level. The cock is bright yellow, with a black head and some black in the wings and tail. The hen is of a much duller yellow and has the back tinged with green.

THE STURNIDÆ OR STARLING FAMILY

Fairbank does not mention the jungle myna (Æthiopsar fuscus) in his list of the birds of the Palnis (Stray Feathers, vol. v, 1877). Yet this is precisely the myna one would expect to find on the Palnis, and it should be looked for.

21. On the other hand, the Brahmany myna (Temenuchus pagodarum), which is essentially a bird of the plains, is said by Fairbank to occur "well up the hillsides."

Of the common myna (Acridotheres tristis), he writes: "This is common around villages at 4000 feet."

22. Temenuchus pagodarum. The Brahmany myna. Head and recumbent crest black. Wings black and grey. Tail brown with a white tip. Remainder of plumage rich buff. Beak blue with yellow tip. Legs bright yellow.

THE EULABETIDÆ OR GRACKLE FAMILY

23. Eulabes religiosa. The southern grackle or hill-myna. This bird occurs in the forests of the Palnis between elevations of 4000 and 5000 feet. It is familiar to every one as a cage bird. A glossy black bird with a white wing bar. The wattles, legs, and bill are yellow.

THE MUSCICAPIDÆ OR FLYCATCHER FAMILY

24. Ochromela nigrirufa. The black-and-orange flycatcher.

25. Stoparola albicaudata. The Nilgiri blue-flycatcher.

26. Cyornis tickelli. Tickell's blue-flycatcher. Less common than on the Nilgiris.

27. Culicicapa ceylonensis. The grey-headed flycatcher.

28. Rhipidura albifrontata. The white-browed fantail flycatcher. Fairbank did not find this bird at altitudes over 4000 feet.

THE TURDIDÆ OR THRUSH FAMILY

29. Pratincola atrata. The southern pied bush-chat or hill-robin. Not nearly so abundant on the Palnis as on the Nilgiris.

30. Merula simillima. The Nilgiri blackbird. In spring its delightful song gladdens the groves of the higher Palnis.

31. Copschychus saularis. The magpie-robin. Has been observed as high as 5000 feet. The cock is black, and the hen grey, with a white breast and white in the wings and tail. The distribution of the black and white is like that in the common magpie.

THE FRINGILLIDÆ OR FINCH FAMILY

32. Passer domesticus. The common sparrow. Does not occur much above 5000 feet.

THE HIRUNDINIDÆ OR SWALLOW FAMILY

33. Hirunda javanica. The Nilgiri house-swallow.

THE MOTACILLIDÆ OR WAGTAIL FAMILY

34. Anthus nilgirensis. The Nilgiri pipit. Common on the grassy fields at the summit of the Palnis.

THE NECTARINIDÆ OR SUNBIRD FAMILY

35. Arachnecthra minima. The tiny sunbird or honeysucker. Common from 4000 feet upwards.

THE DICÆIDÆ OR FLOWER-PECKER FAMILY

36. Dicæum concolor. The Nilgiri flower-pecker. This frequents the flowers of the parasitic Loranthus.

37. Dicæum erythrorhynchus. Tickell's flower-pecker. This species does not appear to ascend the Palnis to any great height. It is abundant at the foot of the hills.

THE PICIDÆ OR WOODPECKER FAMILY

38. Chrysocolaptes gutticristatus. Tickell's golden-backed woodpecker. As in the Nilgiris so in the Palnis, this is the common woodpecker.

39. Brachypternus aurantius. The golden-backed woodpecker. This is the common woodpecker of the plains: it ascends the Palnis to elevations of 5000 feet. This is distinguishable from the foregoing species by its smaller size, and in having the rump velvety black instead of crimson.

40. Liopicus mahrattensis. The yellow-fronted pied woodpecker. This plains species ascends the Palnis to elevations of 5000 feet. It is much smaller than either of the two foregoing species. The plumage is spotted black and white, with a patch of red on the abdomen. There is a yellow patch on the forehead. The cock has a short red crest.

THE CAPITONIDÆ OR BARBET FAMILY

41. Thereiceryx viridis. The small green barbet. (The coppersmith does not ascend higher than 4000 feet.)

THE ALCEDINIDÆ OR KINGFISHER FAMILY

42. The only kingfisher found in the Palnis seems to be the white-breasted kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis), but this species is confined to the lower hills.

THE UPUPIDÆ OR HOOPOE FAMILY

43. The Indian hoopoe (Upupa indica) occurs on the lower ranges, but does not appear to ascend the hills as far as Kodikanal.

THE CYPSELIDÆ OR SWIFT FAMILY

44. Swifts are not abundant in the Palnis. The only one observed by Fairbank was the common Indian swift (Cypselus affinis), seen at an elevation of 3000 feet. This is easily distinguished by the white band across the rump.

THE CUCULIDÆ OR CUCKOO FAMILY

45. Hierococcyx varius. The hawk-cuckoo.

46. Eudynamis honorata. The Indian koel. This species is not common on the Palnis.

47. Centropus sinensis. The common coucal or crow-pheasant. This is not very common.

THE PSITTACIDÆ OR PARROT FAMILY

48. Palæornis columboides. The blue-winged paroquet.

49. Loriculus vernalis. The Indian loriquet or love-bird.

THE STRIGIDÆ OR OWL FAMILY

50. Ketupa zeylonensis. The brown fish-owl. A large bird with aigrettes. The eyes are bright yellow. The legs are devoid of feathers. The call is a series of grunts.

THE VULTURIDÆ OR VULTURE FAMILY

51. Neophron ginginianus. The smaller white scavenger vulture. This occurs up to at least 5000 feet. Fairbank did not observe any other vultures on the higher hills, but it is unlikely that Pseudogyps bengalensis (the white-backed vulture), Gyps indicus (the long-billed vulture), and Otogyps calvus (the black or Pondicherry vulture) do not visit the higher hills. These three birds should be looked for, especially the first.

THE FALCONIDÆ OR FAMILY OF BIRDS OF PREY

52. Ictinaëtus malayensis. The black eagle. Not very common.

53. Milvus govinda. The common pariah kite. Fairbank did not see this above 3000 feet.

54. Haliastur indus. The Brahmany kite. Occurs up to at least 4000 feet.

55. Tinnunculus alaudarius. The kestrel.

THE COLUMBIDÆ OR DOVE FAMILY

56. Alsocomus elphistonii. The Nilgiri wood-pigeon.

The spotted and the little brown doves (Turtur suratensis and T. cambayensis) are found only on the lower hills.

THE PHASIANIDÆ OR PHEASANT FAMILY

57. Gallus sonnerati. The grey jungle fowl. Not so common as on the Nilgiris.

58. Galloperdix spadicea. The red spur-fowl. Not common.

59. Microperdix erythrorhynchus. The painted bush-quail.

THE CHARADRIIDÆ OR PLOVER FAMILY

A few snipe and woodcock visit the Palnis in winter.

THE PODICIPEDIDÆ OR GREBE FAMILY

60. Podicipes albipennis. The little grebe or dabchick. This bird never leaves the water. It is smaller than a dove. It has no tail. It is dark glossy brown in colour with chestnut on the sides of the neck.

APPENDICES

I. Vernacular Names of Himalayan Birds

II. Vernacular Names of Nilgiri Birds

I. VERNACULAR NAMES OF HIMALAYAN BIRDS

Ababilswallow

Akkucommon cuckoo

Argullammergeyer

Ban-bakrablack bulbul, rusty-cheeked scimitar-babbler

Ban-sarrahblack-throated jay

Ban-titarhill partridge

Bara bharaolarge hawk-cuckoo

BatasiIndian swift

Baterquail

Bhimrajracquet-tailed drongo

BoukotakoIndian cuckoo

Bulakabrown wood-owl

Bulbulbulbul

Bunchilcheer pheasant

Chakruchakor partridge

Chamancheer pheasant

Chanjarolwoodcock

Chilkite

Chircheer pheasant

Chitlaspotted dove

Chitroka fakhtaspotted dove

Chota fakhtalittle brown dove

Chukarchakor partridge

Digg-dallblue magpie

Dhal kowacorby

Dhor fakhtaring-dove

Dogra chilcrested serpent eagle

Durkalblack bulbul

Gagislaty-headed paroquet

Gidhvulture

Gir-chaondiawhite-capped redstart

Gonriyahouse-sparrow

Gugiring-dove

Herrilcheer pheasant

Hud-hudhoopoe

Ilkite

Jel butaraHimalayan pied kingfisher

Jumizimperial eagle

Kabkchakor partridge

Kaindalhill partridge

Kalesurkalij pheasant

Kalijkalij pheasant

Kali-pholiawhite-capped redstart

KaljitHimalayan whistling-thrush

Kangskirispotted dove

KasturaHimalayan whistling-thrush, grey-winged ouzel

Kasturigrey-winged ouzel

Koakkoklas pheasant

KoinIndian turtle-dove

Kokia-kakHimalayan tree-pie

Koklakokla green-pigeon, koklas pheasant

Koklaskoklas pheasant

Kolsakalij pheasant

Krishen-pattiblue-headed rock-thrush

Kuilkoel

Kukerakalij pheasant

Kukkucuckoo

Kukrolakoklas pheasant

Kupakcommon hawk-cuckoo

Kupwahcuckoo

KyphulpakkaIndian cuckoo

KyphulpakkiIndian cuckoo

Machi baghHimalayan pied kingfisher

Madana sugaslaty-headed paroquet

Mainamyna

Miouligreat Himalayan barbet

Mohrhaitachangeable hawk-eagle

MoraugiBonelli's eagle

Neoulgreat Himalayan barbet

Nilkantblue magpie

Niltaurufous-bellied niltava

Okhablammergeyer

Pahari mainajungle myna

Pahari tuiyaslaty-headed paroquet

Painjuwhite-cheeked bulbul

Pandukdove

Patariya masaicha grey-winged ouzel

Perkidove

Peunrahill partridge

Phupucuckoo

Pilakoriole

Plaskoklas pheasant

Pokraskoklas pheasant

Popiyacommon hawk-cuckoo

Pulispotted wing

Ram chakruhill partridge

Rolihill partridge

Sadalchangeable hawk-eagle

Safed gidhscavenger vulture

Sahiliscarlet minivet

Sahimashy drongo

Sakduduhoopoe

Satangalimperial eagle

Shah bulbulparadise flycatcher

Sibiasibia

Sim kukrawoodcock

Sim titalwoodcock

TakpoIndian cuckoo

Toitru fakhtalittle brown dove

Traihogreat Himalayan barbet

TuktolaWestern-Himalayan scaly-bellied green woodpecker

TurkanWestern-Himalayan pied woodpecker

Tusalbar-tailed cuckoo-dove

Tutitarwoodcock

Ulakcorby

Zakkibrown flycatcher

Zird phutkigrey-headed flycatcher

II. VERNACULAR NAMES OF NILGIRI BIRDS

Adavikodigrey jungle-fowl

Adavi nalla geddablack eagle

Adiki lam kuravisparrow

Boli kadiwhite-breasted water-hen

Boli kodimoorhen

Buchi gaduwhite-breasted kingfisher

Buruta pittaIndian skylark

Chandulcrested lark

Chillukaparoquet

Chinna ulankawood sandpiper

Chinna wallurshikra

Chitlu jittaNilgiri flower-pecker

Chitti bella guwalittle brown dove

Dasari pittascimitar-babbler, fantail flycatcher

Garud alawaBrahmany kite

Garuda mantaruBrahmany kite

Gola kokilapied crested cuckoo

Gorankacommon myna

Gudi kongapaddy bird

Guli gaduwhite-backed vulture

Gurapa madi jittaIndian pipit

Jali degashikra

Jambri kodimoorhen

Jitta kodired spear-fowl

Jutu pittacrested lark

Kadaipainted bush quail

Kakkablack crow

Kakkiblack crow

Kakkara jinuwayispotted munia

Kalli kakacrow-pheasant

Kalu prandukite

Kaltu koligrey jungle-fowl

Killiparoquet

Kokkupaddy bird

Konda latired-vented bulbul

Kumpa nalanchipied bush-chat

Kundeli salawaBonelli's eagle

Kutti pittahawk-cuckoo

Lak mukawhite-breasted kingfisher

Likku jittatailor-bird

Machayaryafantail flycatcher

Malla geddakite

Manam badiIndian skylark

Manatifantail flycatcher

Manju tiridiscavenger vulture

Meta kaliIndian pipit

Namala pittascimitar-babbler

Nella borawaPondicherry vulture

Niala pichikiIndian skylark

Nila buchi gaducommon kingfisher

Papascavenger vulture

Papa parunduscavenger vulture

Paria prandukite

Pedda sidajungle babbler

Pigli pittared-vented bulbul

Pit pittaashy wren-warbler

Pittri geddascavenger vulture

Poda bella guwaspotted dove

Puli poraspotted dove

RajaliBonelli's eagle

Sarrava kolired spur-fowl

Sowata guwalittle brown dove

Tangada gorankapied crested cuckoo

Tella borawascavenger vulture

Than kudisunbird

Tinna kuruvispotted munia

Tondala doshi gadukestrel

Tondala muchi gedda kestrel

Tonka pigli pittaparadise flycatcher

Torra jinuwayired munia

Touta poralittle brown dove

Turaka pigli pittahill or red-whiskered bulbul

Uri pichikisparrow

Vichuliwhite-breasted kingfisher

Wal konda latiparadise flycatcher

Yerra belinchirufous-backed shrike

Yerra kodired spur-fowl

INDEX

Abrornis superciliaris,

113

Accipiter cooperi,

171

Aceros nepalensis,

122

Acridotheres tristis,

199

240

Actinodura egertoni,

110

Ægithaliscus erythrocephalus,

106

Æthiopsar fuscus,

199

239

Æthopyga nepalensis,

119

— scheriæ,

Alauda gulgula,

210

ALAUDIDÆ,

210

ALCEDINIDÆ,

121

215

243

Alcedo ispida,

215

Alcippe nepalensis,

109

Alcurus striatus,

112

Alder,

Almora,

seq.

Alseonax latirostris,

115

Alsocomus elphistonii,

226

246

Amadavat,

205

Amaranthus,

Amaurornis phoenicurus,

230

Anamallis,

236

Andaman Islands,

217

Anemone,

"Animal colouration,"

171

Anthipes moniliger,

116

Anthus nilgirensis,

209

— rufulus,

209

Aquila helica,

125

Arachnecthra asiatica,

210

— lotenia,

212

— minima,

211

242

— zeylonica,

212

Arboricola torqueola,

104

126

ARDEIDÆ,

230

Ardeola grayii,

231

Argul,

Arisæma jacque-montii,

Astur badius,

224

Babblers,

seq.

107

109

111

187

236

Babul,

Bageswar,

Baker, Stuart,

Baldwin,

100

Banbakra,

143

Barakheri stream,

Barbets,

121

174

seq.

214

243

Bar-wing, rufous,

110

Bee-eater,

Begonia,

Benog,

102

Berberry,

Bhabar,

Bhimraj,

Bhim Tal,

Bhotias,

Birch,

"Birds of Illinois and Wisconsin,"

142

Birds of prey,

125

Blanford,

Blood-pheasant,

Blue jay,

Borax,

Boukotako,

Brachypodinæ,

138

Brachypternus aurantius,

243

Brain-fever bird,

219

British Museum,

172

Broken Pekoe Bird,

BUCEROTIDÆ,

122

Bulbul,

seq.

112

138

Buller, Sir Walter,

171

Buntings,

Burma,

152

Bush-chat,

seq.

Butcher-birds,

Caccabis chucar,

103

Calls of birds,

Campophaga melanoschista,

114

Cape, the,

CAPITONIDÆ,

121

214

243

CAPRIMULGIDÆ,

218

Carpodacus erythrinus,

207

Catreus wellichi,

101

Centauria,

Centropus sinensis,

219

244

Cephalopyrus flammiceps,

Certhia discolor,

113

— himalayana,

CERTHIIDÆ,

113

Ceryle lugubris,

121

Chætura indica,

216

— nudipes,

123

Chakor,

103

Chalcophaps indica,

Chaptia ænea,

237

CHARADRIIDÆ,

104

126

229

246

Cheer,

100

Chimarrhornis leucocephalus,

Chloropsis malabarica,

191

Choughs,

106

Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus,

Chrysocolaptes gutticristatus,

214

242

Coccystes jacobinus,

219

Collocalia francicia,

217

— fuciphaga,

217

Colorado,

Colt's-foot,

COLUMBIDÆ,

125

225

246

Columbines,

Coonoor,

186

196

199

206

seq.

212

214

Coppersmith,

215

Copschychus saularis,

241

Coracias indica,

Corby,

CORVIDÆ,

105

185

235

Corvus macrorhyncus,

105

185

235

— splendens,

Coturnix communis,

102

126

Coucal,

219

CRATEROPODIDÆ,

107

187

236

Crateropus canorus,

188

Crow,

105

235

— black,

— grey-necked,

— jungle,

Cryptolopha Jerdoni,

148

— xanthoschista,

146

Cuckoo-dove,

125

Cuckoo, European,

Cuckoos,

seq.

123

219

244

Cuckoo-shrike,

114

CUCULIDÆ,

123

219

244

Cuculus canorus,

123

— micropterus,

124

— poliocephalus,

123

— saturatus,

123

Culicicapa ceylonensis,

202

241

Cuming, E. D.,

137

Cyanops franklini,

121

Cyornis melanoleucus,

117

— rubeculoides,

116

— superciliaris,

115

— tickelli,

202

241

Cypress,

CYPSELIDÆ,

123

216

244

Cypselus affinis,

244

— melba,

Dabchick,

247

Daisies,

Dandelion,

Darjeeling,

105

seq.

107

109

seq.

113

seq.

115

117

seq.

125

136

Darwinian theory,

171

Davison,

191

228

Delhi,

Dendrocitta himalayensis,

106

— rufa,

236

Dendrocopus auriceps,

seq.

— cathpharius,

120

— himalayensis,

Deodar,

Dhakuri,

seq.

Dhanpur,

Dhobi bird,

153

DICÆIDÆ,

119

212

242

Dicæum concolor,

213

242

— erythrorhyncus,

213

242

— ignipectus,

119

DICRURIDÆ,

113

196

237

Dicrurus ater,

141

— longicaudatus,

113

Dig-dall,

Dimorphism,

Dissemurus paradiseus,

Dove,

125

225

246

Drongo,

113

196

237

Ducula cuprea,

225

Eagles,

125

245

Eastern Himalayas,

105

Edelweiss,

"Eha,"

139

204

Emberiza stewarti,

— stracheyi,

Eudynamis honorata,

219

244

— taitensis,

171

Eulabes religiosa,

240

EULABETIDÆ,

240

Evergreen oaks,

"Exile,"

Fairbank, Dr.,

235

239

seq.

244

246

Fairy blue-chat,

FALCONIDÆ,

125

223

245

Finches,

118

207

241

Finn,

136

221

Fir, silver,

Flower-peckers,

119

212

242

Flycatchers,

seq.

114

seq.

200

240

"Forests of Upper India,"

Forktail,

117

151

seq.

Francolinus vulgaris,

103

126

FRINGILLIDÆ,

118

207

241

Gagar,

seq.

Galerita cristata,

210

Gallinula chloropus,

230

Galloperdix spadicea,

228

246

Gallus ferrugineus,

228

— lafayetti,

228

— sonnerati,

228

246

Game birds,

Garhwal,

Garrulax albigularis,

107

— leucolophus,

107

Garrulus bispecularis,

106

— glandarius,

— lanceolatus,

Garwalis,

Gecinus chlorolophus,

120

— occipitalis,

120

— squamatus,

Gennæus albicristatus,

100

— leucomelanus,

125

Gentians,

Glaucidium brodiei,

124

Gneiss,

Godavery,

228

Gola river,

Grackles,

240

Graculus eremita,

106

Grammatophila striata,

108

Granite,

seq.

Grebes,

247

Green-pigeon,

Grey-backed shrike,

Grey-headed flycatcher,

146

Grey-winged ouzel,

158

Griffon,

Griff's pheasant,

220

Grosbeaks,

164

Gypætus barbatus,

Gyps himalayensis,

124

— indicus,

222

245

Gurkhas,

Hæmatospiza sipahi,

118

Halcyon smyrnensis,

216

Haliastur indus,

224

246

Hawk-cuckoo,

Hemichelidon ferruginea,

116

— sibirica,

116

Henicurus maculatus,

117

151

158

Herons,

230

Hieraëtus fasciatus,

125

223

— pennatus,

Hierococcyx sparverioides,

124

219

— varius,

124

219

244

Himalayas,

seq.

HIRUNDINIDÆ,

119

208

242

Hirundo erythropygia,

208

— javanica,

208

— nepalensis,

119

— rustica,

119

Hodgson's hawk-eagle,

Hoopoes,

244

Hornbills,

122

Horse-chestnut,

House-crow,

Houses of the hill folk,

Hume,

102

154

Hutton,

176

Hypacanthis spinoides,

Hypopicus hypererythrus,

120

Hypsipetes,

140

— ganeesa,

195

237

— psaroides,

112

140

142

Ianthocincla ocellata,

107

— rufigularis,

107

Ictinaëtus malayensis,

125

223

245

Idle schoolboy,

154

Impeyan pheasant,

Iole icteria,

194

237

Ixulus flavicollis,

110

Jays,

seq.

106

Jerdon,

108

116

137

142

152

176

190

191

220

Jungle-fowl,

226

Jungle myna,

Juniper,

Kalij,

100

Kalimat mountain,

Kashmir,

228

Kathgodam,

Kestrel,

125

246

Ketupa zeylonensis,

221

245

Khairna,

King-crow,

Kingfishers,

121

215

243

Kite,

125

246

Kodikanal,

235

seq.

Koel,

219

Kokla green-pigeon,

125

Koklas pheasant,

100

seq.

Kosi river,

Kumaun,

Kumaunis,

Kuphini river,

Kyphulpakka,

"Lahore to Yarkand,"

148

Lal,

205

seq.

Laldana Binaik pass,

Lammergeyer,

Landour,

LANIIDÆ,

114

198

238

Lanius cristatus,

198

— erythronotus,

198

238

— nigriceps,

— tephronotus,

114

— vittatus,

Larks,

210

Laughing-thrushes,

seq.

107

Liopicus mahrattensis,

243

Lioptila capistrata,

109

Liothrix lutea,

110

133

Lobelia excelsa,

197

200

Lophophanes melanopterus,

Lophospizias trivirgatus,

224

Loriculus vernalis,

221

245

Love-bird,

245

Machlolophus haplonotus,

186

236

— spilonotus,

106

— xanthogenys,

Macropteryx coronata,

217

Macropygia tusalia,

125

Madras,

212

Magpie, blue,

seq.

Magpie-robin,

Maidenhair,

"Making of Species,"

171

Malabar whistling-thrush,

154

237

Mango,

Marshall, Colonel,

149

Megalæma marshallorum,

121

174

Megalæmas,

175

178

Merula boulboul,

118

158

— simillima,

204

241

Microcichla scouleri,

117

Microperdix erythrorhynchus,

229

246

Milvus govinda,

125

223

245

— melanotis,

Minla igneitincta,

111

Minivets,

114

198

Mohrhaita,

Molpastes,

138

— bengalensis,

— hæmorrhous,

191

237

— leucogenys,

112

Monal pheasant,

Monaul,

Moss, hanging,

Motacilla maderaspatensis,

208

— melanope,

MOTACILLIDÆ,

119

208

242

Mountain-thrush,

118

Munia,

205

Murree,

146

MUSCICAPIDÆ,

114

200

240

Mussoorie,

103

136

Mycerobas,

164

— melanoxanthus,

164

Myna,

199

240

Myiophoneus horsfieldi,

237

— temmincki,

109

154

Naini Tal,

seq.

146

149

158

163

NECTARINIDÆ,

119

210

242

Neophron ginginianus,

222

245

Nepalese,

New Zealand,

171

Nightjars,

218

Nilgiris,

— common birds of the,

183

Nilkhant,

Niltava grandis,

115

— macgrigoriæ,

115

— sundara,

115

Nim,

Nucifraga hemispila,

— multipunctata,

Nutcrackers,

Nuthatch,

113

195

Oak,

— forest,

Oates,

133

146

148

206

208

Ochromela nigrirufa,

201

240

Oology of cuckoos,

Ootacamund

186

206

seq.

219

221

230

seq.

Orchid,

Oreicola ferrea,

Oreocincla dauma,

— molissima,

118

— nilgirensis,

205

Oreocorys sylvanus,

119

Oriental region,

Orioles,

199

ORIOLIDÆ,

199

239

Oriolus kundoo,

165

199

— melanocephalus,

165

199

239

Orthotomus sartorius,

145

196

238

Otocompsa,

138

147

— emeria,

— fuscicaudata,

192

237

Otogyps calvus,

222

245

Ouzel,

118

— grey-winged,

158

seq.

Owlets, spotted,

Owls,

124

221

245

Paddy bird,

Palæarctic region,

Palæornis columboides,

220

244

— cyanocephalus,

— schisticeps,

124

— torquatus,

Palm,

Palni Hills, common birds of the,

235

seq.

Paradise flycatcher,

Paroquets,

Parrots,

124

244

Partridges,

102

Partridge, hill,

126

Parus atriceps,

106

186

— monticola,

106

128

Passer cinamomeus,

— domesticus,

207

241

— montanus,

118

Pathargarhi muta,

Pea-fowl,

226

Pekin-robin,

110

133

Pericrocotus brevirostris,

114

— flammeus,

199

238

— peregrinus,

238

— speciosus,

Petrophila cinclorhynca,

118

Pharaoh's chicken,

PHASIANIDÆ,

125

226

246

Pheasants,

125

246

PICIDÆ,

119

213

242

Piculets,

121

Picumnus innominatus,

121

Pies,

Pigeon, green,

Pindari glacier,

seq.

— river,

— road,

Pine,

Pinus longifolia,

Pipits,

119

209

Plantain,

PLOCEIDÆ,

205

Plovers,

104

126

229

246

Plumbeous redstart,

Pneopyga squamata,

113

PODICIPEDIDÆ,

247

Podicipes albipennis,

247

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys,

108

— horsfieldi,

188

236

— schisticeps,

108

Pratincola atrata,

204

241

— maura,

Prinia inorata,

238

— socialis,

146

197

238

Psaroglossa spiloptera,

Pseudogyps bengalensis,

124

222

245

PSITTACIDÆ,

124

220

244

Ptyonoprogne rupestris,

Pucrasia macrolopha,

101

Puli,

Puttani kurivi,

187

Pycnorhamphus,

164

— icteroides,

164

Pyrrhocorax alpinus,

106

Pyrrhopicus pyrrhotis,

120

Quail,

102

126

Quartz,

seq.

Rails,

230

Rajpur,

RALLIDÆ,

230

Ramganga stream,

Ranibagh,

Raspberries,

Rattray, Colonel,

167

Redstart,

118

Red waxbill,

206

Red-whiskered bulbul,

Rhipidura albifrontata,

202

241

— allicollis,

115

— pectoralis,

202

Rhododendron,

Rhyacornis fuliginosus,

118

Ring-dove,

Robin, Indian,

Rock-thrush,

118

Rohilkhand,

— and Kumaun Railway,

Roller, Indian,

Rose-finch,

207

Rufous-backed shrike,

— chinned laughing-thrush,

Sal,

Sarju river,

seq.

Sasia ochracea,

121

Sath bhai,

188

Sat Tal,

Scavenger vulture,

Scimitar-babblers,

108

Scolopax rusticola,

104

126

Scops spilocephalus,

124

Scully,

176

Seven sisters,

Sharpe,

172

Shesham,

Shikra,

224

Shorea robusta,

Shrikes,

seq.

114

198

Sibia,

Simla,

Siphia strophiata,

117

Sitta frontalis,

195

237

— himalayensis,

113

SITTIDÆ,

113

195

237

Siva,

110

Small-billed mountain-thrush,

Snow-cocks,

— pigeons,

Sparrow,

Sphenocercus sphenurus,

125

Spilornis cheela,

125

Spiræa,

Spizaëtus limnaëtus,

— nepalensis,

Sporæginthus amandava,

206

Spotted forktail,

151

— wing,

Stachyrhidopsis ruficeps,

109

Stachyrhis nigriceps,

109

Starlings,

199

239

Stoparola albicaudata,

201

241

— melanops,

115

"Stray feathers,"

239

Streaked laughing-thrush,

STRIGIDÆ,

124

221

245

Strobilanthes whitiani,

228

STURNIDÆ,

199

239

Sturnus humii,

Sual river,

Sunbirds,

119

210

242

Suya atrigularis,

114

Swallows,

119

208

242

Swifts,

seq.

123

216

244

SYLVIIDÆ,

113

196

238

Syrnium indrani,

124

221

Takula,

Tamarind,

Tarai,

Temenuchus pagodarum,

240

Temperature,

Terpsiphone affinis,

115

— paradisi,

203

Thereiceryx,

175

— viridis,

215

243

— zeylonicus,

215

Thrushes,

117

204

241

Tibet,

Tibetans,

Tinnunculus alaudarius,

125

224

246

Tits,

seq.

106

111

129

Totanus glareola,

230

Townsend,

178

Tragopans,

Tree-creepers,

113

— pie,

106

— sparrow,

118

Trochalopterum cachinnans,

189

— chrysopterum,

107

— erythrocephalum,

— fairbanki,

236

— lineatum,

— squamatum,

108

Tun,

TURDIDÆ,

117

204

241

Turtur cambayensis,

226

246

— ferago,

— risorius,

— suratensis,

125

226

246

Upupa epops,

— indica,

244

UPUPIDÆ,

244

Urocissa flavirostris,

— occipitalis,

159

Uroloncha pectoralis,

206

— punctulata,

205

Violet cuckoo,

VULTURIDÆ,

124

221

245

Wagtails,

119

208

242

Warblers,

113

196

238

Warbler of distinction,

145

Water-robin,

118

Weaver-birds,

205

Weber (

Forests of Upper India

Western Himalayas,

Whistling-thrushes,

237

White-capped redstart,

White-cheeked bulbul,

White-eyes,

White, Gilbert,

White-throated laughing-thrush,

Wilson,

101

Woodcock,

126

Woodpecker,

seq.

119

213

242

Wren,

113

Xantholæma hæmatocephala,

174

Yuhina gularis,

111

Zosterops palpebrosa,

110

190

236

BY THE SAME AUTHOR

ANIMALS OF NO IMPORTANCE.

THE INDIAN CROW—HIS BOOK.

BOMBAY DUCKS.

BIRDS OF THE PLAINS.

INDIAN BIRDS.

JUNGLE FOLK.

IN COLLABORATION WITH FRANK FINN

THE MAKING OF SPECIES.