INDEX
Reading edition
Abbeville, ford of Somme at, 60
Acies, order of battle, 30
— why necessarily a line, 175
— mediæval use of word, 30
Afghan war, its cause, 305
— failure of, 306
Agincourt, battle of, 5, 87 sqq.
Agmen, order of march, 30, 175
Albuera, battle of, 211
Aliwal, battle of, 310
Alma, battle of, 272
Almanza, battle of, 169
Almaraz, bridge on Tagus, 223
Almeida, fortress on Portuguese frontier, 206, 216
— taken by Massena, 207
— re-taken by Wellington, 211
America, rivalry of England and France in, 179, 183
— War of Independence, 194
Angus, E. of, before Flodden, 120
Arapiles hills at Salamanca, 224
Archers, Norman, at Hastings, 25
— at Falkirk, 44
— at Bannockburn, 48, 49
— formation of, for defence, 62
— at Crecy, 63
— at Poitiers, 76, 77
— at Agincourt, 90
— at Verneuil, 93
— at Towton, 108
— at Flodden, 126
(See also Long-bow.)
Arcot, Clive's defence of, 295
Argaum, battle of, 303
Armagnac faction in France, 81, 92
Armies, standing, begin at end of Middle Ages, 129
— — none in England in Civil War, 129
— — feeling against, in England, 151
— — become necessary, 152
Arrivall of King Edward, 113
Artillery, developed before hand firearms, 115
— long of little use save in sieges, 116
— gave supremacy to crown, 116
— at siege of Harfleur, 82
— — Orleans, 97
— — Sebastopol, 286
— at Minden, 185
Artillery at Alma, 272
— at Gujerat, 314
— Sikhs strong in, 307
— earliest was breechloading, 115
Aspern, battle of, 205
Assye, battle of, 302
Atherton Moor, battle of, 132
Auberoche, battle of, 56
Auckland, Lord, Governor-General of India, 306
Audacity often the best policy:
— at Oudenarde, 171
— at Talavera, 203
— at Balaclava, 278
— with Orientals, 290, 302
Axe, main weapon of English at Hastings, 21
Badajos, position of, 206, 218
— surrendered to French, 210
— sieges of, 211, 218
Baden, Margrave of, in Blenheim campaign, 157
Baillie, Scottish general at Marston Moor, 137
— his account of Bannockburn, 47, 49
— — Crecy, 62
— — Poitiers, 76
Balaclava, flank march to, 274
— battle of, 276
Balliol, John, K. of Scotland, 41
Bannockburn, battle of, 4, 48
— consequences of, 50
— compared to Crecy, 67
Barbour, his life of Bruce, 47
Barnard, Gen., at Delhi, 318
Barnet, battle of, 111
Battle Abbey, 23
Battles, nature of interest in, 1 sqq.
— locality of, how determined, 4
— cannot be understood if isolated, 3
— lessons from, 6
Bavaria, Elector of, in Blenheim campaign, 157
Bayonet, invention of, 116
Bedford, Regent, 92
Belgian troops in Wellington's army, 240
— at Quatre Bras, 243
— at Waterloo, 254
Bengal, conquest of, 299
Berar, rajah of, 301
Beresford, Gen., at Albuera, 211
Berkeley, Sir M., at Poitiers, 77
Berwick, captured by Edward I., 43
— James duke of, 169
Black Prince at Crecy, 64
— his raid through France, 68
— takes position at Poitiers, 70
— negotiates for peace, 74
— leads final charge in battle, 78
— his death, 79
Blake, Spanish general at Albuera, 211
Blenheim, French position at, 159
— scheme of allies for attacking, 161
— details of battle, 162
— importance of victory, 164
Blucher, marshal, in Waterloo campaign, 239
— co-operation with Wellington, 245, 249, 263
— defeated at Ligny, 246
— retreats on Wavre, 247
— his personal zeal, 259
Bohemia, John K. of, at Crecy, 64
Bosquet, Gen., at Inkerman, 283
Bretigny, treaty of, 78
Britons, conquered by Romans, 9
— — by Saxons, 10
Broglie, D. of, at Minden, 184
Bruce, Robt. K. of Scotland, 46
— his tactics at Bannockburn, 47
— his exploit before the battle, 48
Brunswick, D. of, killed at Quatre Bras, 244
Brussels, in Waterloo campaign, 243
Bulow, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, 242, 259, 262
Burgos, siege of, 227
Burgundy, John D. of, murdered, 92
— Philip D. of, sides with English, 92
— — abandons them, 99
— Charles D. of, helps Edward IV., 109
— Louis D. of, at Oudenarde, 170
Busaco, battle of, 208
Cabul, 306
Cadogan, Gen., at Oudenarde, 171
Calais, siege of, 64
— Henry V. marches for, 82
Calcutta, Black Hole of, 296
Cambuskenneth, battle of, 42
Campbell, Sir Colin, at Balaclava, 275
— at Chillianwalla, 313
— at Gujerat, 314
— relieves Lucknow, 316
Cannon. See Artillery
Captal de Buch at Poitiers, 77
Cardigan, E. of, at Balaclava, 277
Cardinerie, La, on field of Poitiers, 70
Cathcart, Gen., killed at Inkerman, 282
Cauveripak, Clive's victory at, 296
Cavalry, mailed. See Men-at-Arms
— cannot stand on defensive, 73
— most important arm in 17th century, 130
— at Edgehill, 131
— at Marston Moor, 138
— at Naseby, 143
— element of weakness in line of battle at Blenheim, 160
— — at Minden, 185
— not properly used after Ligny, 247
— French, at Waterloo, 260
— Russian, in Crimea not used, 274
— English, at Balaclava, 277, 278
— Mahratta, 300
Challenge to single combat sent by William I., 22
— — Henry V., 82
— to fight a battle sent to Henry V., 83
— — to James IV. of Scotland, 120
Chandernagore, 297
Charleroi, 242
Charles VI. of France, 81, 92
Charles I., precipitated civil war, 129
— at Edgehill, 131
— besieges Gloucester, 132
— drives Essex into Cornwall, 140
— mismanages Naseby campaign, 142
— takes refuge with Scots, 144
— executed, 145
Charles II. begins standing army, 151
Cheriton, battle of, 133
Chillianwalla, battle of, 312
Church supported William the Conqueror, 14
Churchill, Gen., at Blenheim, 162
Ciudad Rodrigo, position of, 206
— sieges of, 207, 216
Civil War, peculiar character of, 128
— local division of parties in, 130
Clausel, Gen., at Salamanca, 226
Clifford, Ld., at Towton, 104
Clive, Robert, founded English power in India, 295
— sent to recover Calcutta, 296
— allies secretly with Meer Jaffier, 297
— wins Plassy, 299
Cnut divided England into earldoms, 11
Colborne, Col., at Waterloo, 262
Column, definition of, 176
— English, at Fontenoy, 181
— versus line. See Line
Combination of different arms at Hastings, 25
— at Falkirk, 45
— at Crecy, 61, 73
Conquest, when impossible, 46
Contades, marshal, at Minden, 184
Coote, Eyre, at Plassy, 297
Cornwall, Essex driven into, 140
— Rd. Earl of, at Lewes, 31
Corunna, battle of, 198
Courtrai, battle of, 45
Craufurd, Gen. R., marches to Talavera, 202
— at Busaco, 208
— killed at Ciudad Rodrigo, 217
Crawford, L., parliamentary general, 134
Crecy, battle of, 61 sqq.
— novelty of tactics, 61
— an epoch in art of war, 67
Cressingham, killed at Cambuskenneth, 42
Crevant, battle of, 92
Crimean war, state of Europe before, 268
— general causes of, 267
— material novelties in, 286
— results of, 287
Cromwell, Oliver, at Edgehill, 130
— forms Ironsides, 133
— at Marston Moor, 138
— urges Self-denying Ordinance, 141
— his raid round Oxford, 142
— at Naseby, 144
— sent to invade Scotland, 145
— held in check by Leslie, 145
— retreats to Dunbar, 146
— wins battle, 149
— at Worcester, 150
— encouraged by Richard I., 51
— no match for long-bow, 63
— -men, Genoese, at Crecy, 63
Cuesta, Gen., at Talavera, 201
Culloden, battle of, 183
Cumberland, D. of, at Fontenoy, 181
— at Culloden, 183
Cutts, Gen., at Blenheim, 162
D'Albret, Constable of France, at Agincourt, 89
Danes, invade England, 10
— mode of fighting of, 10
— conquer England under Cnut, 11
Daventry, Charles I. at, 143
Defences, artificial, at Hastings, 21
— — at Poitiers, 74
Delhi, mutiny centred at, 317
— siege of, formed, 318
— storming of, 320
D'Erlon, Gen., on day of Quatre Bras, 245
— at Waterloo, 258, 261
Dettingen, battle of, 181
Dhuleep Sing, 311
Discipline, definition of, 288
Divided command, evils of, at Marston Moor, 135
— in War of Spanish Succession, 156
— at Oudenarde, 171
— at Fontenoy, 181
— in Peninsula generally, 215
— at Albuera, 211
Donauwerth, Marlborough crosses Danube at, 158
Dost Mahommed, 306
Douro, Wellington forces passage of, 200
Duguesclin, Constable of France, 79
Dunbar, battle of, 149
Dunois, his testimony as to influence of Jeanne d'Arc, 96
Dupleix, 295
Dutch, troublesome allies to Marlborough, 156, 166
Edgehill, battle of, 131
Edward the Confessor, death of, 11
Edward I. at Lewes, 31
— at Evesham, 34, 38
— develops long-bow, 51
— his relations to Scotland, 40, 41
— at Falkirk, 43
Edward II. at Bannockburn, 48
— defeated by his own fault, 50
Edward III., his claims to crown of France, 55
— invades Normandy, 58
— his haphazard strategy, 59
— his novel tactics at Crecy, 61
— takes Calais, 64
Edward IV. assumes crown, 103
— at Towton, 107
— overthrown by Warwick, 109
— returns from exile, 109
— at Barnet, 111
— at Tewkesbury, 114
Edward, son of Henry VI., his birth, 102
— killed at Tewkesbury, 115
Edwardes, Lieut., at Mooltan, 311
Edwin and Morcar, Earls, 12, 15
Elba, Napoleon's return from, 238
Ellenborough, Ld., Gov.-General of India, 306
Elvas, 206, 218
English, characteristics of, as soldiers, 6, 177
— their military history specially instructive, 7
— a nation earlier than any other people, 7, 55
— learned Danish modes of fighting, 10
— the long-bow theirs exclusively, 53
— had no standing army in Civil War, 129
— military reputation low before Marlborough, 154
— reasons for their fighting in line, 177
— concerned in all European wars of 18th century, 179
— armies lose efficiency after Marlborough, 180
Essex, E. of, at Edgehill, 131
— driven to Cornwall, 140
Eugene of Savoy, Marlborough's colleague, 156
— at Blenheim, 161
— at Oudenarde, 172
Evesham, battle of, 36
Fairfax, Ld., at Marston Moor, 138
Fairfax, Sir T., at Marston Moor, 138
— commands New Model, 141
— at Naseby, 143
Falconbridge, Ld., at Towton, 108
Falkirk, Wallace's battle of, 44
— Jacobite battle of, 183
Fastolfe, Sir J., at battle of the Herrings, 94
Feigned flight of Normans at Hastings, 25
Ferozeshah, battle of, 309
Ferrybridge, 104
Feudal nobles preponderant after Hastings, 27, 45
— their power broken by pike and long-bow, 6
— class pride of, ruinous at Crecy, 63
— — at Agincourt, 89
Flanders, ally of Edward III., 56
Flank march at Busaco, 209
— to Balaclava, 274
Flodden, battle of, 5, 123 sqq.
— last victory of bow, 127
Fontenoy, battle of, 181
Formigny, battle of, 99
France, contrasted with England in 14th century, 55
— made a nation by Hundred Years' War, 99
— state of, under Charles VI., 81
— her military supremacy broken at Blenheim, 164
— why hostile to England throughout 18th century, 179
— rival of England for domination in India, 295
Freeman, Professor, on Hastings, 20, 21
Froissart as an authority, 75
Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of, 210
Fulford, battle of, 15
Geography, how it influences the course of a war, 4
George II. at Oudenarde, 171
— at Dettingen, 181
Gérard, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, 249
Glansdale, Sir W., at siege of Orleans, 97
Gloucester, siege of, 132
— E. of, at Lewes, 31
— — at Evesham, 36
Gneisenau, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, 249
Golab Sing in Punjab, 310
Goring, royalist general at Marston Moor, 138
Gortschakoff, prince, in Crimea, 280, 287
Gough, Sir H., at Moodkee, 308
— at Ferozeshah, 309
— at Sobraon, 310
— at Ramnugur, 312
— at Chillianwalla, 313
— at Gujerat, 314
Graham, Gen., in Vittoria campaign, 231
Grouchy, marshal, detached to pursue Blucher, 247
— will not "march to the cannon," 249
— could he have saved Waterloo? 250
— retreats successfully into France, 251
Guienne, never French before Edward III., 55
— becomes French in feelings, 79
Gujerat, battle of, 314
Gunpowder came slowly into use, 115
— political effects of, 117
(See Artillery and Musket.)
Gyrth, Harold's brother, killed at Hastings, 24
Halidon Hill, battle of, 118
Hamley, Sir E., on battle of the Alma, 273
— — Balaclava, 279
— — Inkerman, 284
Hanoverian troops at Fontenoy, 181
— at Minden, 185
Hardinge, Sir H., Gov.-Gen. of India, 307
— at Ferozeshah, 308
Harfleur, siege of, 82
Harold Hardrada invades England, 15
— killed at Stamford bridge, 16
Harold, king, election of, 12
— his measures for defence, 14
— goes north to fight Northmen, 15
— at Stamford bridge, 16
— rapidity of his return, 18
— urged not to face the Normans in person, 19
— chooses position at Hastings, 21
— killed in battle, 26
— his burial, 26
Hastings, battle of, 20 sqq.
— authorities for, 19, 20
— important consequences of, 27
Havelock, Sir H., relieves Lucknow, 316
Haye Sainte, La, on field of Waterloo, 255, 261
Henry III., un-English, 28
— defeated at Lewes, 32
— in Montfort's hands, 33
— at Evesham, 35
Henry V., his claim to the French crown, 80
— invades France, 81
— besieges Harfleur, 82
— marches for Calais, 83
— intercepted at Agincourt, 86
— his tactics, 90
— recognized as heir of France, 92
— his death, 92
Herat, siege of, 306
Herrings, battle of the, 94
Herse, formation of archers, 62
Highlanders at Flodden, 126
— in Jacobite rebellion, 183
(See Regiments.)
Hill, Gen., in Peninsular war, 202, 208, 223, 227
Holkar, 301, 304
Homildon, battle of, 119
Hougomont, on field of Waterloo, 253, 256, 257
Housecarls, 11, 16, 23
Hull, held for Parliament, 132
Hyder Ali, 299
India, conquered largely with native soldiers, 289
— France and England rivals in, 295
— English power becomes supreme in, 304
— — in, shaken by Ferozeshah, 308
— — in, strengthened by mutiny, 321
Inferior races, 288
Information, danger of faulty, at Blenheim, 159
— — at Busaco, 209
— — in Waterloo campaign, 243, 247
Inglis, Col., at Lucknow, 316
Inkerman, battle of, 280
Ironsides, Cromwell's, 153
Jacobite rebellion of 1745, 182
James IV. of Scotland makes war on England unprovoked, 119
— mismanages invasion, 120
— accepts Surrey's challenge, 120
— killed at Flodden, 127
Jeanne d'Arc, her influence and character, 95
— relieves Orleans, 96
— her fate, 98
Jena, battle of, 2
John, K. of France, collects army to fight Black Prince, 68
— movements of, to Poitiers, 69
— wastes his chances of success, 73
— taken prisoner in the battle, 78
Joseph Buonaparte made king of Spain, 197
— at Talavera, 202
— abandons Madrid, 227
— returns, 227
— finally quits Madrid, 228
— at Vittoria, 231
Jourdan, marshal, at Talavera, 202
— at Vittoria, 231
Kenilworth captured by prince Edward, 34
"King's Cabinet Opened," after Naseby, 144
Knights. See Men-at-arms
Lake, Gen., in Mahratta war, 303
Lambert, Gen., at Dunbar, 146
Lancaster, D. of, in Poitiers campaign, 68
Landen, battle of, 154
Laswaree, battle of, 304
Lawrence, Sir H., Resident in Punjab, 311
— at Lucknow, 316
Lawrence, Sir J., Resident in Punjab, 315
— sends troops to Delhi, 319
Leicester, taken by Charles I., 142
— E. of. See Montfort
Leslie, D., at Marston Moor, 137
— in Dunbar campaign, 145
Leven, E. of, at Marston Moor, 138
Lewes, battle of, 31
Ligny, battle of, 245
Lille, siege of, 172
Line, the natural order of battle, 175
— development of column out of, 176
— superiority of line over column, 176
— depends on troops, 177
— habitually used by English, 178
— its advantage shown at Minden, 185
— — Talavera, 203
— — Busaco, 208
— — Albuera, 212
— — Waterloo, 262
— — Alma, 272
— — Inkerman, 284
Lines, fortified, why of little use, 165
— — in Netherlands 1705, 165
— — at Stollhofen, 169
— — at Torres Vedras, 200
Lisbon, English base in Peninsular war, 199
— panic at, 207
Littler, Sir J., in Sikh war, 308, 309
Locality of battles, how determined, 4
Loire river, Black Prince tried to cross, 69
— boundary of English power after Henry V., 93
Long-bow, development of, obscure, 51
— power and range of, 52
— exclusively English, 53
— compared to musket, 117
— mode of using 52
(See also Archers.)
Louis XIV. provoked England to war, 154
— offers peace 1706, 169
— offers peace 1709, 173
Lucan, E. of, in Crimea, 278
Lucknow, relief of, 316
MacMunn, Lieut., in Burma, 291
Madras attacked by Dupleix, 295
— Clive sent from, to recover Bengal, 296
Madrid occupied by Napoleon, 198
— entered by Wellington, 227
— abandoned again, 227
— evacuated by French, 228
Mahrattas, rise of their power, 300
— make war on British, 301
— their power broken by Assye, 304
Maida, battle of, 205
Maitland, Gen., at Waterloo, 261
Malakoff tower at Sebastopol, 285
Malplaquet, battle of, 174
Manchester, E. of, in Civil War, 133, 141
Marengo, battle of, 3
Margaret of Anjou, soul of Lancastrian party, 101
— at Wakefield, 103
— lands at Weymouth, 112
Marlborough, D. of, real head of coalition against Louis XIV., 154
— his character, 155
— compared to Wellington, 155
— his plan of campaign for 1704, 156
— marches to the Danube, 157
— storms Schellenberg, 158
— ravages Bavaria, 158
— wins Blenheim, 163
— inactive in 1705, 166
— wins Ramillies, 168
— wins Oudenarde, 172
— covers siege of Lille, 172
— wins Malplaquet, 174
Marmion, quotations from, 124, 126
Marmont, marshal, supersedes Massena, 210
— retreats behind Douro, 223
— out-manœuvres Wellington, 224
— his false tactics at Salamanca, 225
— wounded, 226
Marsin, marshal, commands French army in Bavaria, 155
— joined by Tallard, 158
— his position at Blenheim, 159
Marston Moor, battle of, 137
— importance of results of, 139
Massena, marshal, given command in Spain, 205
— takes Ciudad Rodrigo, 207
— invades Portugal, 207
— at Busaco, 208
— before Torres Vedras, 209
— retreats, 210
— at Fuentes d'Onoro, 210
Maupertuis, on field of Poitiers, 70
Meer Jaffier at Plassy, 298
Meerut, mutiny began at, 317
Men-at-arms at Hastings, 25
— thenceforward deemed sole strength of armies, 27
— failed to break Scottish spears, 44
— Wallace set example of successfully resisting, 45
— at Bannockburn, 49
— at Crecy, English dismount for defence, 61
— at Crecy, French routed by archers, 64
— at Poitiers, French dismount for attack, 72
— madness of this method, 73
— at Agincourt, 90
— at battle of the Herrings, 94
Menschikoff, prince, commands in Crimea, 270
— his mistake at the Alma, 271
— moves out of Sebastopol, 273
— his faulty scheme for Inkerman, 280
Minden, battle of, 184
Mogul Empire, decaying, 296
— under Sindia's influence, 300
— falls under British control, 304
— restoration proclaimed in Mutiny, 317
Montagu, M. of, killed at Barnet, 112
Montcalm, Gen., at Quebec, 189
his arrangements for defence, 189
— mortally wounded, 193
Montfort, Simon, E. of Leicester, leader in Barons' war, 29
— his carriage, 30
— rules England, 33
— deserted by many of his party, 34
— marches for Kenilworth, 34
— intercepted at Evesham, 36
— his death, 38
Montrose, M. of, his campaigns in Scotland, 142, 144
Moodkee, battle of, 308
Mooltan, siege of, 311
Moore, Sir J., in Peninsular war, 198
Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 103
Moselle, Marlborough's campaign on, 165
Musket, long a clumsy weapon, 116
— compared to long-bow, 117
Mutiny, Indian, general character of, 315
— Delhi head-quarters of, 318
— end of, 321
Napoleon invades Spain, 198
— withdraws troops for Russian war, 214
— defeated in Russia, 228
— overthrown, 234
— returns from Elba, 238
— his plan for Waterloo campaign, 241
— at Ligny, 245
— amount of his success so far, 246
— sends Grouchy after Prussians, 247
— follows Wellington to Waterloo, 247
— Grouchy's absence from Waterloo due to his orders, 146
— never expected Prussians to join Wellington, 251
— delays beginning battle, 257
— his attention diverted to Bulow, 260
Napoleon III., why willing to join in Crimean war, 268
— his views as to siege of Sebastopol overruled, 286
Naseby, battle of, 143
National coherence a great source of military strength, 55
— enmities not necessarily permanent, 2
Nesle, Henry V. crosses Somme at, 83
Nevil's Cross, battle of, 118
New Model army, 141
Newbury, first battle of, 133
— second battle of, 140
Newcastle, M. of, besieged in York, 134
— at Marston Moor, 137
Ney, marshal, at Busaco, 208
— at Quatre Bras, 243
— at Waterloo, 260
Nicholson, Gen., killed at Delhi, 320
Norfolk, D. of, at Towton, 108
Normandy, Wm. D. of. See William I.
— John, D. of, at Poitiers, 76
— Edward III. invades, 59
— Henry V. marches through, 83
— — conquers, 92
Norman conquest, effects of, 27
Northampton, battle of, 103
Northmen, at Stamford bridge, 15
— importance of their defeat, 16
Nottingham, Charles I. raises standard at, 131
Numbers engaged at Agincourt, 88
— Albuera, 211
— Alma, 270
— Barnet, 110
— Blenheim, 163
— Crecy, 61
— Flodden, 120
— Inkerman, 281, 283
— Marston Moor, 137
— Minden, 184
— Naseby, 143
— Plassy, 297
— Poitiers, 75
— Quebec, 192
— Salamanca, 226
— Talavera, 204
— in Waterloo campaign, 240
— at Waterloo, 254
Oporto, passage of Douro at, 200
Orleans, "key of the south," 93
— siege of, 94
— D. of, at Poitiers, 77
— D. of, Regent, 180
Oudenarde, battle of, 172
Outram, Gen., relieves Lucknow, 316
Oxford, head-quarters of Charles I., 132
— siege of, 142
— E. of, at Poitiers, 77
— E. of, at Barnet, 111
Pakenham, Gen., at Salamanca, 225
Parkman's History of Montcalm and Wolfe, 193
Patay, battle of, 99
Peishwa, the, 301
Pelissier, marshal, at siege of Sebastopol, 286
Peninsular war, general character of, 200
Pennefather, Gen., at Inkerman, 281
Périgord, cardinal of, mediates at Poitiers, 74
Phalanx, Macedonian, 45
Philip VI. of France provokes Edward III. to war, 54
— cannot control nobles at Crecy, 63
— his death, 67
Picton, Gen., at storm of Badajos, 218
— killed at Waterloo, 259
Pikemen developed on continent, 6, 117
— essential support to musketeers, 116
— superseded by invention of bayonet, 116
— used by Wallace, 45
Pirch, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, 242, 261
Planchenoit, on field of Waterloo, 260, 262
Plassy, battle of, 298
Plymouth held for Parliament, 132
Point Levi, opposite Quebec, 190
Poitiers, topography of battle-field, 71
— battle of, 76 sqq.
Ponsonby, Gen., at Waterloo, 259
Porto Novo, battle of, 297
Portugal, relations of, to England, 199
— topography of, 206
— misconduct of government of, 209, 214
Portuguese troops organized by Wellington, 207
— at Busaco, 209
— at Albuera, 212
Positions of armies described, at Agincourt, 88
— Albuera, 211
— Alma, 271
— Bannockburn, 47
— Blenheim, 159
— Busaco, 208
— Crecy, 61
— Dunbar, 146
— Falkirk, 43
— Ferozeshah, 308
— Flodden, 125
— Hastings, 21
— Ligny, 244
— Minden, 184
— Plassy, 298
— Poitiers, 72
— Ramillies, 167
— Salamanca, 225
— Talavera, 201
— Vittoria, 232
— Waterloo, 253
Preston Pans, battle of, 183
Prussia, hostile to France since Jena, 2
Prussian army in Belgium, 239
— its numbers, 240
— its position on frontier, 240
(See Blucher.)
Pyrenees, battles in, 234
Quatre Bras, battle of, 243
Quebec, siege of, 189
— importance of its capture, 193
Raglan, Ld., at the Alma, 272
— at Balaclava, 277
— death of, 286
Railway made in Crimea, 286
Ramillies, battle of, 168
Ramnugur, battle of, 312
Range of long-bow, 52
— of musket, 117
Redan in siege of Sebastopol, 286
Regiments of English army:
— Coldstream Guards, 152
— under Marlborough, 152
— Guards at Talavera, 203
— — at Waterloo, 261
— cavalry, Union brigade at Waterloo, 259
— cavalry, 23rd light dragoons at Talavera, 203
— — heavy brigade at Balaclava, 277
— — light brigade at Balaclava, 278
— — 19th light dragoons at Assye, 302
— infantry, 12th, 20th, 23rd, 25th, 37th, 51st at Minden, 186
— — 48th at Talavera, 203
— — march of Craufurd's brigade, 204
— — 7th, 23rd at Albuera, 212
— — 43rd, 52nd at Ciudad Rodrigo, 217
— — position of all at Waterloo, 255
— — 52nd deals final blow, 262
— — 93rd at Balaclava, 276
— — 39th at Plassy, 298
— — 74th, 78th at Assye, 302
— — 32nd at Lucknow, 316
Reille, Gen., at Quatre Bras, 243
— at Waterloo, 258
Reserve at Lewes doubtful, 30
— at Crecy not wanted, 64
— at Poitiers, 76
— at Flodden, value of, 126
Richmond, duchess of, her ball at Brussels, 243
Rifle, invention of, 267
— effect at Inkerman, 282
River in rear of defeated troops at Lewes, 32
— Evesham, 38
— Towton, 108
— Tewkesbury, 113
— Blenheim, 163
— Sobraon, 310
— obstacle to counter attack at Dunbar, 149
— — Ramillies, 168
Robin Hood's feats an anachronism, 51
Romans, their conquest of Britain, 9
— defeat phalanx, 45
Romorantin taken by Black Prince, 69
Royalists, their advantages at outset of civil war, 129
— where predominant, 131
Runjeet Sing develops Sikh power, 305
— his death, 307
Rupert, prince, compared to Edward I. at Lewes, 33
— at Edgehill, 131
— relieves York, 134
— at Marston Moor, 137
— at Naseby, 143
Russia, Napoleon's invasion of, 228
— too far off to help in Waterloo campaign, 239
— picks quarrel with Turkey, 268
— exhausted by Crimean war, 287
Sackville, Ld. G., at Minden, 185
S. Albans, battle of, 103
S. Lawrence, river, 189
S. Sebastian, storming of, 234
Salamanca, battle of, 225
Salisbury, E. of, at Poitiers, 76
— E. of, killed at Orleans, 94
— E. of, killed at Wakefield, 103
Sambre, river, 242
Santarem, Massena retreats to, 209
Scarlett, Gen., at Balaclava, 276
Schellenberg, stormed by Marlborough, 158
Schiltrons, 44
Scotland, question of succession to, 40
— its previous relations to England, 40
— won its independence, 50
— permanently hostile to England, 118
— suffers repeated defeats, 118
— helps Parliament in civil war, 133
— takes up cause of Charles II., 145
— subjugated by Cromwell, 151
Sea, value of command of, in war, to Edward III., 59
— to Marlborough, 173
— at Quebec, 190
— in Peninsula, 199, 228
— in Crimea, 269, 288
Sebastopol, siege of, its unique character, 274, 287
Seine, river, Edward III.'s difficulty in crossing, 60
Self-denying Ordinance, 141
Sepoys, of all Indian races, 289
— their belief in English officers, 290
— English won India through, 295
— mutiny of, 315
Shakespeare on Agincourt, 85
Sherbrooke, Gen., at Talavera, 201
Siege, transition from mediæval to modern type of, 97
— of Sebastopol, last of the Vauban period, 274
Sikhs, rise of their power, 305
— virtual anarchy among, 307
— betrayed by own leaders in first war, 309
— provoke second war, 311
— become subjects of the East India Company, 315
Sindia, (1) ambitious schemes of, 300
— (2) provokes war with English in Assye campaign, 301
— (3) stands by English in Mutiny, 315
Smith, Sir H., at Aliwal, 310
Snorro Sturleson, his saga of Stamford bridge, 16
Snow during battle of Towton, 108
Sobraon, battle of, 310
Somerset, D. of, at Towton, 104
— D. of, at Barnet, 111
— D. of, at Tewkesbury, 114
Souham, Gen., 227
Soult, marshal, driven from Oporto, 200
— forces Wellington to retire after Talavera, 205
— takes Badajos, 210
— at Albuera, 211
— evacuates Andalusia, 227
— in command after Vittoria, 234
Spain favourable to French claimant, 155, 173
— invaded by Napoleon, 197
— character of resistance in, 198
— government of, incompetent, 199
— geography of, 199
— French driven out of, 234
Squares, natural formation against cavalry in days of musket, 176
— at Waterloo, 260
— unnecessary with rifle, 276
Stakes as defence for archers first used by Henry V., 87
Stamford bridge, battle of, 16
Standard, Harold's, at Hastings, 23
— Montfort's, at Lewes, 30
Standing armies. See Armies
Stanley, Sir E., at Flodden, 126
Steamers in Crimean war, 270
Steinkirk, battle of, 154
Stirling, importance of its position, 42
— siege by Bruce, 46
Stow-on-the-Wold, battle of, 144
Strategy, definition of, 4
— little understood in middle ages, 69
— of Surrey before Flodden, 124
Suffolk, E. of, at Orleans, 94
Supplies, when regularly furnished to armies, 152
— Marlborough careful about, 158
— to Wellington in Peninsula by sea, 199, 228
— Wellington anxious about, before Waterloo, 241
Surajah Dowlah takes Calcutta, 296
— defeated at Plassy, 299
Surrey, E. of, at Flodden, 120 sqq.
Sybil's Well, 123
Tactics, bearing on history of changes in, 6
— novel, Wallace's, at Falkirk, 43
— — Edward III.'s at Crecy, 61
— of French at Poitiers disastrous, 73
— — repeated at Agincourt, 88
Tagus, river, 201, 206, 223
Talavera, battle of, 202
Tallard, marshal, enters Bavaria, 158
— faults of his position at Blenheim, 160
— taken prisoner, 163
Tej Sing at Ferozeshah, 309
— at Sobraon, 310
Tewkesbury, battle of, 4, 114
Thermopylæ, battle of, 6
Thielemann, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, 149
Thomière, Gen., at Salamanca, 225
Todleben, Gen., at Sebastopol, 274, 285
Torres Vedras, lines of, 200, 209
Tostig, killed at Stamford bridge, 16
Toulouse, battle of, 234
Tournelles at Orleans, 93
Towton, battle of, 107
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 183
— Bassein, 301
Treaty of Bretigny, 78
— Troyes, 92
— Utrecht, 179
Troyes, treaty of, 92
Turenne, 164
Utrecht, treaty of, 179
Vauban, 164
Vendôme, marshal, at Oudenarde, 170
Verneuil, battle of, 93
Victor, marshal, at Talavera, 202
Villars, marshal, on the Moselle, 165
— at Malplaquet, 173
Villeroi, marshal, Marlborough forces his lines, 165
— at Ramillies, 167
Vimiero, battle of, 198
Vittoria, battle of, 232
Wakefield, battle of, 103
Wallace, Sir W., at Cambuskenneth, 42
— at Falkirk, 43
— novelty of his tactics, 44
Waller, Sir W., in civil war, 133, 140
Walpole, his peace policy, 180
Waterloo, campaign of:
— Napoleon's general plan for, 241
— allies must wait attack, 240
— co-operation of Wellington and Blucher in, 249
— success attained by Napoleon at outset of, 246
Waterloo, battle of:
— topography, 253
— Wellington's position, 254
— tactical errors of French, 258, 260
— Prussian aid essential part of, 257
— completeness of victory, 262
Wars, general character of Barons', 33
— Scottish Independence, 46
— Hundred Years', 79, 99
— Roses, 102
— Civil, 128
— American Independence, 194
— Peninsular, 200
Warwick, E. of, at Poitiers, 76
— E. of, his great power, 103
— at Towton, 107
— quarrels with Edward IV., 109
— at Barnet, 111
— his death, 112
Washington, Gen., 194
Wavre, in Waterloo campaign, 247, 251
Wellesley, M., Gov.-Gen. of India, 299
Wellington, D. of, in Assye campaign, 299
— his plans in Peninsula, 200
— invades Spain up Tagus, 201
— at Talavera, 202
— retreats into Portugal, 205
— makes lines of Torres Vedras, 207
— retreats before Massena, 207
— at Busaco, 208
— follows Massena to Almeida, 210
— on the defensive in 1811, 214
— takes Ciudad Rodrigo, 217
— takes Badajos, 220
— invades Spain by Douro, 223
— at Salamanca, 225
— enters Madrid, 227
— fails to take Burgos, 227
— in Vittoria campaign, 228
— commands in Belgium, 239
— his position behind the frontier, 240
— is slow to concentrate, 243
— at Quatre Bras, 244
— retreats on Waterloo, 247
— in concert with Blucher, 249
— his anxiety about Prussian aid, 252
— supposed night-ride to Wavre, 253
— leaves a large force at Hal, 252
— his position at Waterloo, 253
— omits to occupy La Haye Sainte properly, 255
— in no hurry to use his reserves, 261
Weymouth, Q. Margaret lands at, 112
Whish, Gen., at Mooltan, 311
Whitecoats at Marston Moor, 137
William I., his claim to English crown, 12
— allied with the Church, 14
William I., his preparations, 14
— lands at Pevensey, 17
— his tactics at Hastings, 25
— reigned well, 27
William III. brought England into continental wars, 153
Willoughby, Lt., at Delhi, 317
Wilson, Sir A., at Delhi, 319
Wolfe, Gen., at Quebec, 186
— helped by command of sea, 190
— his death, 193
Worcester, first skirmish of civil war at, 131
— battle of, 150
— Bp. of, at Lewes, 29
— Bp. of, at Evesham, 37
Wynendael, battle of, 173
York, capture of, by Northmen, 15
— siege of, 134
— D. of, killed at Agincourt, 91
— D. of, claims crown against Henry VI., 102
— D. of, killed at Wakefield, 103
Ziethen, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, 242, 261
Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London & Bungay.