INDEX

"Acceptance" credit and lines, 103 Accommodation loans, 12, 13 Accounts overdrawn, 16 Agriculture, capital for, 168; individualism in, 168 Assets, prior lien on, 56; special, 57 Balances, 16, 17, 23, 28 Banche Populari, 162 Bank of England, 104-111 Bank reserves, 35-40 Bank of France, 111-119 Banker's banks, 9; bills, 33, 34; most valuable assets, 61; making loans, 86 Banking, act, 54, 78; adequacy and economy of service, 62, 66; branch, 64, 65; business, 9; commercial, nature and operation of, 11-67; commercial in the United States, 68-100; commercial in other countries, 101-135; Canadian, 126-135; defects and reforms in banking systems, 97-100; English, 104-111; French, 111-119; functions in single institutions, 144; German, 119-126; incorporation, 66; investment, 136-170; Kansas "blue sky laws," 146; problems of commercial, 35; reserve, 78; services rendered by, 1-3; Wisconsin regulations, 146; local, 62, 63 Bank notes, see notes Banks, bond houses, 6; Canadian, 126-135; central of Europe, 101; central reserve, 78; classified, 6; classification of national, 54; collections, 22; commercial, 6, 7; cooperative, 139; correspondent, 24, 25; England, bank of, 104-111; European land banks, 147-163; European central, 9; federal, 8; federal reserve, 98-100; France, bank of, 111-119; French land, 160-163; functions of, 4; German Imperial, 119-123; German land, 147-163; incorporated, 7; inspection of, 59; interest charges, 14; investment, 6, 7; Italian land, 160-163; joint stock, 7; land, 6; loan-making, 86; municipal, 139; national, 8, 70-75; note issue privileges, 37, 38; of issue, 20, 21; postal saving, 139; private, 7; protection against unsound practices of, 46-62; real estate, 6, 52; savings, 6, 136-141; services rendered by, 1-3; state, 9, 68-70; supply currency, 22; trustee, 139 Berlin stock exchange, 165 Bills of exchange, 12, 17; documented, 42 "Blue sky laws" of Kansas, 146 Bond houses, 144-147 Bonds, government, 96, 97; mortgage, 148, 150, 169 Bonds and stocks, not liquid securities, 53 Book accounts, 12 Branch banking, 62, 64, 65 Bullion, 81, 82; in Canada, 132; in England, 105; in France, 113; in Germany, 122 Buying and selling on time, 11, 12 Cables in foreign exchange, 33 Canadian banking system, 126-135 Capital and surplus requirements for banks, 46-48; stock, 47, 48 Cash, supply of, 35-40; demands on banks, 55; resources, 29 Casse Rurali, 162 Central banks of Europe, 8, 9, 65, 101; England, 104-111; France, 111-119; German, 119-123 Charters, 8; special, 66, 67 Checking accounts, 15, 20, 21, 24, 35 Checks, 15, 16, 21-24; abroad, 36 Chicago, clearing center, 24; central reserve banks, 78 Clearing house, 22-24; center in New York, 80 Coin, 21; and bank reserves, 38; in England, 109; in France, 117; in Germany, 121, 122; standard and subsidiary, 21; supply, 40 Collections, 22, 25 Commercial banking, collections, 22; currency, 21, 22; domestic exchange, 25; nature and operations of, 11-67; other countries, 101-135; problems of, 35; promissory notes, 19; protection against unsound practices of, 46-62; savings accounts, 44; in the United States, 68-100 Commercial paper, 11-14; discount of, 14, 15, 17; and investment paper, 41, 42; liquid security, 53; market for, 100 Competition in banking, 83 Comptoir d'Escompte de Paris, 115, 116 Conflict of functions and laws, 82 Cooperative banks, 139 Correspondent banks, 24, 25 Credit "acceptance" line, 103; balance, 16, 18-20, 23, 25; cooperation in, 166-168; department in banks, 43, 86; inflation of, 87; "line" of, 16, 85, 86; subsidies, state, county, and municipal, 169; system, 11-13 Credits, forced liquidation of, 49 Crédit Agricole, 162; Foncier, 113; Industrielle et Commercial, 115, 116; Lyonnais, 115, 116 Crisis, commercial, 19, 31, 88 Currency, 21, 22; lack of elasticity, 95-97 Debt paying, 13, 14 Debits, 15-18 Demand in foreign exchange, 33, 34 Deposits, 2-4 Depositors, mutual insurance of, 60-62 Discount, defined, 14; loans and discounts, selection of, 40-43; loans and rates, 44; operation of, 13; rate, Canadian, 128, 129; bank of England, 108; bank of France, 113; reserve system, 95, 97; stopped, 30 Discounted paper, 14, 15, 17-19, 55 Documented bill of exchange, 42 Domestic exchange, 25 Drafts, 16, 27, 28; foreign payments, 31 England, bank of, 9, 104-111; banking system, 104-111; foreign and colonial, 108; joint stock banks, 106; metropolitan, 107; private, 108; provincial, 107; reserve system, 108 Europe, commercial banking in, 101-126; central banks of, 101-126; land banks, 147-163 European investment banking machinery, 166 Exchange operations, 11-13; checks, 22-24; domestic, 25-31; foreign, 31-34 Federal Reserve Banks, 98-100; Federal Reserve Board, 99, 100 Foncier Algierienne, 162 Foreign exchange, 31-34; par of, 31, 32; classes of bills used, 33 France, bank of, 9, 111-115 French banking system, 111-119 German banking system, 119-126; hypothekenaktienbanken, 151, 152; investment banking machinery, 166; land and mortgage banks, 147-161; landschaften, 147-149; Schulze-Delitzsch, 153-162; Raiffeisen, 156-162 Germany, bank of, 9, 119-123 Gold element of currency, 5, 96; points, 32, 33; and silver coin in England, 105, 106; in France, 113; Canada, 133 Incorporation, 7; should be required, 66 Independent treasury system, 75-78 Inflation, 49-53, 56-59; of credit, 87 Inspection of banks, 59, 60 Insurance, mutual of depositors, 60, 62 Investment, banking, 136-170; commercial paper, 41, 42; confined to liquid securities, 52; defects in machinery, 166; improvement of machinery, 170; paper, 18, 35, 41, 55; of surplus funds, 3 Italy, land banks, 162, 163 Joint-stock mortgage banks, 169; English joint-stock banks, 106; German, 151-159 Kansas "blue sky laws," 146 Land banks, 147-163 Letters of credit, 21 "Line" of credit, 16, 85, 86 Liquidation, forced, 19, 88; of credits, 49, 50; protection against, 52 Liquid securities, 53 Loan operations, 85-88 Loans, 2, 3, 15, 86; and discounts, selection of, 40-43; Canadian system, 128, 129; fluctuations, 97; German land bank, 147-162; in the interest of big business, 167; limits to, 52, 55; long-term, 2; pernicious practice of national banks, 83; and reserve system, 95; short term, 2 Local banking, 62, 63 London stock exchange, 165 Mints, 5 Monetary commission, 97, 98 Money of the United States, 95 Mortgage banks, 169; France, 160-162; Germany, 148-163; Italy, 162; mortgage bonds, 169; mortgage loans, long period, 167 Municipal banks, 139 National banks, 8, 9, 54, 70-75, 80, 82; federal reserve, 98, 99; money in vaults, 91; notes, 96; pernicious loan practices, 83; subscribed to federal reserve banks, 98 National Reserve Association, 98 New York City, assay office, 81; central reserve bank, 78; clearing center, 24, 80, 81; stock exchange, 81, 82, 92, 165 Notes, bank, 19-21; central banks of Europe and supply of, 102; Canadian, 126-133; bank of England, 105; of France, 117, 118; of Germany, 121; issue of, 19-21; issue privileges, 37, 38; government, 39; limitation of issue, 58; promissory notes, 43; regulations regarding, 52; safeguarding issue, 56; volume of United States, 96 Oklahoma, mutual insurance plan, 60 Overdrafts, 16 "Panicky" conditions and feeling, 94, 95, 97 Par of exchange, 31, 32 Paris stock exchange, 165 Passbook, 15, 16 Postal savings banks, 139, 141 Promissory notes, 12, 14, 19-22, 43 Prior lien, on assets, 56, 58 Protection against unsound practices of banks, 46-52; 59-61 Publicity, a safeguard, 59 Rate of discount, law in France, 118; of exchange, 26, 27 Rates, 44-46; raising on loans and discounts, 29 Real estate and banks, 52 Reserve banks, Federal, 98-100; central reserve, 78; cities, 24, 78 Reserves, administration of funds, 100; bank, 35; English system, 108-110; in national banks, 73; operations of system, 91-94; regulations regarding, 52, 54; secondary, 35-40; in state banks, 69; in country banks, 73 Safety, in savings banks, 140; fund, 56, 57 Savings banks, 6, 9; defined, 139 Saving and saving institutions, 136-141 Secretary of the Treasury and surplus funds, 88-90 Securities, dealings in the stock exchange, 163, 164 Security, liquid, 53 Silver dollars, 96 Sixty-day bills in foreign exchange, 33, 34 Société Algerienne, 114 Société Generale, 115, 116 State banks, 9, 68-70, 79, 82; and Federal reserve, 99 St. Louis, central reserve bank, 78; clearing center, 24 Stock exchanges, 163-166 Stockholders, liability of, 46-48 Surplus, 17, 47 Trade or mercantile bills, 34 Treasury of the United States, 75-78; operations, 88-90 Trust companies, 9, 141-144 Trustee banks, 139 United States, notes, volume of, 96; subtreasury, 80, 81; treasury, 75-78 Units of value and foreign exchange, 31 Vouchers, 23 Wisconsin, regulation laws, 146