INDEX

Aborigines, of a low order, 6;

customs of the native blacks, 120;

exterminated in Tasmania, 146.

Agriculture, of great importance, in Australia, 4;

in Tasmania, 148;

in New Zealand, 176.

Agricultural colleges and experimental farms, 117.

Albury, building of irrigation dam near, 66.

Alum, in the volcanic regions, 225.

American goods, great sale of in Australia, 137;

in New Zealand, 255 et seq.

American refrigerating machinery in New Zealand, 241.

American rule in the Samoas, 278.

American trade with the Fijis, 272.

Americans, many settlers in Australia, 82.

Animals, of a strange type, 5.

Ants, used as food by the aborigines, 123.

Ants, White, protection against, 29.

Anzacs, National holiday in memory of the, 167.

Apia, Samoa, made famous by the American-German controversy, 274.

Apples, great production of, in Tasmania, 147.

Arbitration in labour disputes in New Zealand, 204.

Arbitration Court, arbitrary rulings of, 107;

New Zealand Court, 204 et seq.

Arcades, a feature in the business section of Sydney, 31.

Art schools, state coöperation in establishing, 115.

Artesian wells, the blessing of, 68;

in the Coolgardie district, 100.

Asiatic exclusion, the policy of, 109.

Auckland, largest city of New Zealand, 202.

Australian Transcontinental, building of the, 91.

Automobile, use of, in the back country, 48.

Automobiles, American, Australia largest foreign purchaser of, 140;

use of, in New Zealand, 258.

Ballarat, and the gold rush, 84;

the first Australian gold field, 95.

Bananas, in Queensland, 14.

Bank deposits, of New Zealanders, 198.

Barmaids, in Melbourne, 79;

legislation against, in New Zealand, 187.

Bathing beaches, popularity of, 34.

Baths, medicinal at Rotorua, 222.

Bendigo gold field, great yield from, 96.

Birds, seven hundred varieties of, 133;

strange, of New Zealand, 248.

Bismarck Archipelago, now administered by Australia, 159;

strange tribal customs on, 160.

Bismuth, deposits of, in Queensland, 21.

Blue gum, durability of, 90.

Bonds, large Queensland issue floated in the United States, 140.

Bougainville, principal island of the Solomon group, 163.

Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, 12.

British New Guinea, government of, 8.

British trade, in New Zealand, 260.

Broken Hill Silver Mines, among the richest in the world, 4.

Broken Hill mining companies, production of iron and steel goods, 142.

Bullock drivers, characters of the sheep country, 54.

Burrinjuck Reservoir, of the Murrumbidgee irrigation project, 67.

Bushmen, customs of the, 120.

Butter, exportation of, from New Zealand, 244.

Cacao, its cultivation in Samoa, 277.

Camels, necessary in construction of Transcontinental railway, 92;

invaluable in Western Australia, 100.

Canberra, the new capital of the Commonwealth, 8, 73.

Cannibalism, among the aborigines, 124;

in New Guinea, 160;

among the Maoris, 230;

in the Fijis, 263, 264.

Canadian trade in New Zealand, 261.

Canterbury Plains, source of the famed mutton, 236, 237.

Carroll, Sir James, of Maori blood, 234.

Cassowary, a bird of the forests and jungles, 134.

Caterpillar, vegetable, 252.

Cathedral of St. John, at Brisbane, 13.

Cattle ranching in the back country, 69.

Cattle routes, laid out by the government, 70.

Centennial Park, Sydney, 34.

Chaffee brothers, start first irrigation project in Australia, 65.

Charters Towers, centre of gold and copper district, 21.

Cheese, exportation of, from New Zealand, 244.

Christchurch, centre of sheep industry, 236;

in the garden spot of New Zealand, 256.

Civil service, applied to railway employees, 87.

Coal, abundance of, 3;

mines worked by the government in New Zealand to prevent high prices, 207.

Cockney accent, in New Zealand, 215.

Coconut groves, in the Fijis, 270.

Commerce of the United States with Australia, 137.

Compulsory military service voted for in New Zealand during the war, 260.

Conciliation and Arbitration Act, in New Zealand, 204.

Constitution of the Commonwealth, similar to that of the United States, 8.

Consular service, American, best of any nation, 259.

Convicts, the first settlers, 7.

Cook Islands, annexed by New Zealand, 172.

Cooking, in the hot pools, 228.

Coolgardie, gold rush to, 98.

Coöperative associations, of New Zealand, 199.

Coöperative butter and cheese factories of New Zealand, 244.

Copper, rich deposits of Queensland, 20.

Copra, preparation and how used, 270.

Cricket, finest grounds in the world at Melbourne, 75.

Dairy products, state aid in development of industry, 117.

Dairying, growing importance of, in Australia, 4;

in New Zealand, 174, 244.

Dances of the Maoris, 232.

Darling Downs, a rich agricultural section, 15, 29.

Darling River, one of the most important of Australia, 63.

Department stores, of Sydney, 31;

of Melbourne, 80.

De Rays, Marquis, attempt to start the Free Colony of Oceania, 162.

Desert lands, extent of, 4.

Dingoes, a serious problem in the sheep country, 60.

Discovery and settlement, 6.

Distances, between Australia cities, 3;

to other parts of the world, 6.

Divers, pearl, Japanese the most efficient, 155.

Dogs, wild, kill many sheep, 60.

Domain, the, the gathering place of Sydney, 34.

Dress, observance of, on the sheep stations, 47.

Drinking, a national vice, 77.

Droughts, the horrors of, 64.

Duck-billed platypus, link between bird and beast, 131.

Dugongs, sea-cows resembling the fabled mermaid, 132.

Dunedin, a Scotch city in New Zealand, 256.

Earthquake Flat, in New Zealand’s “Yellowstone Park,” 220.

Education, excellence of the public schools, 113.

Eight-hour day, first established in Australia, 104;

monument commemorating, 104;

explained by a government official, 111.

Electric power, generated at coal mines for use ninety miles away, 143.

Employees, state and federal, proportion to number of inhabitants, 112.

Emu, the national bird of Australia, 135.

Eucalyptus, use of, as paving blocks, 27;

forests of, 28;

remarkably durable for railroad ties and paving blocks, 90.

Exports, extent of, from the United States to Australia, 137.

Farms, smaller, movement toward, 38;

for settlement, in New Zealand, 184;

of New Zealand, 213.

Farmhouses, the prevailing type, 28.

Federation of the states, 7.

Fences, rabbit, enormous extent of, 58.

Fencing, on the sheep ranches, 38, 39, 41.

Ferns, in great variety in New Zealand, 175, 214.

Fiji Islands, the country and the people, 263.

Fire walkers, ceremony of the, in the Fijis, 268.

Flax, New Zealand, a wild product of the swamps, 252.

Fodder, preservation of, for dry years, 69.

Foxes, introduced to combat rabbit plague, prove a pest, 60.

Free Colony of Oceania, vicissitudes of the, 162.

Freaks of nature, from New Zealand, 246.

Fruit, production of, in Tasmania, 147.

Fruit growing, advantages and opportunities, 14.

Gambling, a national vice, 76, 77.

Games, New Zealanders much interested in, 210.

Gasoline, price of, in New Zealand, 203.

Germany’s former possessions now administered by Australia, 159;

by New Zealand, 159, 172.

Geysers, of New Zealand, 223.

Glaciers, of New Zealand, 174.

Godley Glacier, New Zealand, 174.

Gold, discovery of, and amount produced, 3;

the Mount Morgan mine, Queensland, 19;

the Ballarat rush, 84, 95.

Golden Mile, famous gold mine, 99.

Government of the Commonwealth, 8.

Government ownership, results of state control of railways, 87;

New Zealand a leading exponent, 171, 200.

Governor of the Fijis, duties of, 269.

Grasshoppers, used as food by the aborigines, 124.

Great Barrier Reef, a chain of coral, 10.

Great Britain, regard for in New Zealand, 260.

Griffin, Walter Burley, wins prize for plan of city of Canberra, 74.

Griffin, model city in the irrigated district, 67.

Gympie gold fields, 21.

Half-holiday, compulsory in New Zealand, 210.

Hargraves, discovers gold at Ballarat, 95.

Harvesters, immense factory of the Sunshine Harvester Co., at Melbourne, 142.

Hermitage, the, the government sanctuary of the kea parrot, 249.

Hobart, Tasmania, one of the “farthest south” towns of the globe, 144.

Hoddle, auctioneer of first lots sold in Melbourne, 83.

Horse racing, an enthusiasm of Australians, 49.

Horse racing, at Melbourne, 75;

in New Zealand, 211.

Horses, saddle, indispensable on the big farms, 49.

Hosiery, American, commands the Australian market, 139.

Hot springs, at Rotorua, New Zealand, 222.

Hours of business in Melbourne, 82.

House servants, scarcity of, in New Zealand, 191, 192.

Houses for workmen built by the government in New Zealand, 209.

Hunting, as practised by the bushmen, 125.

Hydro-electric development in Tasmania, 150;

in New Zealand, 258.

Immigration, opposition to, 110.

Implements, American, used extensively in Australia, 141.

Industrial school near Suva, Fiji, 266.

Insects, used as food by the aborigines, 123.

Insurance, issued by the government, in New Zealand, 197.

Invercargill, the southernmost town, 261.

Iron, extensively mined, 3;

deposits, in Queensland, 21.

Iron and steel, growth of the industries, 142.

Irrigation, the beginning of, in Australia, 65;

in New South Wales, 67.

“Jackeroo,” meaning of the term, 49.

Jam, exportation of, from Tasmania, 147.

Japanese divers, most efficient in pearl fisheries, 155.

Jarrah, a remarkably durable wood, 90.

Kaiser Wilhelm’s Land, now administered by Australia, 159.

Kalgoorlie, artesian wells at, 92.

Kangaroo, the, a marsupial, 5.

Kangaroos, of many kinds, 129.

Karri, a remarkably durable wood, 90.

Kauri gum, the quest for, 252.

Kava, and the chewing process, 279.

Kea parrot, the sheep killer of New Zealand, 249.

Kimberley gold fields, 98.

Kiwi, a strange bird of New Zealand, 248.

Koutu, village in volcanic region of New Zealand, 222.

Labour, white men only employed in cane fields, 14;

the powerful sheep-shearers’ union, 52;

conditions on the state-owned railways, 87;

wages and hours of work in New Zealand, 200;

hours and wages in the mutton refrigerating plants, 242;

scarcity of in the Fijis, 271.

Labour laws, protecting women workers in New Zealand, 188.

Labour unions, their part in public affairs, 9;

Australia thoroughly organized, 104.

Lake Eyre, a body of salt water below sea level, 4.

Land Act Bill, passage of, 17.

Land for Settlements Act, and the redivision of the large holdings, 182.

Land ownership system of New Zealand, 178, 182.

Land settlement in Tasmania, 149.

Laughing jackass, or kookooburra, 136.

Launceston, Tasmania, to receive electric power from Great Lake plant, 151.

Lead, deposits of, in Queensland, 21.

Leeton, model city in the irrigated district, 67.

Levuka, one of the two principal towns of Fiji, 268, 269.

Libraries, state coöperation in establishing, 115.

Life insurance, issued by the government in New Zealand, 197.

Liquor-option law, workings of, 78.

“Living wage,” as laid down by New South Wales Court of Industrial Arbitration, 106.

Lizard, three-eyed, of New Zealand, 250.

Lollipops, origin of name, 36.

London Missionary Society, good work in Samoa, 280.

Lyre bird, native of Australia, 134.

Macarthur, Captain John, said to be the introducer of the prickly pear pest, 22;

pioneer in the sheep industry, 45.

Manua, one of the American Samoas, 273, 278.

Maoris, of advanced civilization, 171.

Maoris, number of, in New Zealand, 177.

Maoris, the story of the, 227.

Marriage customs of the Maoris, 231.

Marsupials, preponderant in Australia, 5;

many varieties, 129.

Marsupial mouse, of New Zealand, 250.

McCaughey, Samuel, his fortune in land and sheep, 38.

Meat-export trade of New Zealand controlled by a government board, 244.

Melbourne, a magnificent commerce centre, 72;

laying out of the site and auctioning of first lots, 83.

Melbourne Cup Race, chief sporting event of the South Pacific, 76.

Merino sheep, extra fine fleece of the, 44;

weight of fleece greatly improved by breeding, 51.

Milford Track, the most beautiful walk in the world, 174, 175.

Minerals, abundant in Australia, 3.

Mining school at Ballarat, 97.

Minting gold coins at Melbourne, 101.

Missionaries, success in the Fiji Islands, 266.

Moa, the extinct giant bird of New Zealand, 246.

Moore Park, Sydney, 34.

Mount Bischoff tin mines in Tasmania, largest in the world, 148.

Mount Cook, New Zealand, the “cloud piercer,” 174.

Mount Egmont, New Zealand, 173.

Mount Leviathan, composed of pure iron, 21.

Mount Lyell, Tasmania, gold, copper and tin production of, 148.

Mount Morgan, richest gold mine of the world, 19.

Municipal ownership, Wellington, New Zealand, a leading example, 168.

Murchison Glacier, New Zealand, 174.

Murray-Darling, the only important river system in Australia, 4, 63.

Murrumbidgee irrigation project, in New South Wales, 67.

Murrumbidgee River, one of the most important of Australia, 63.

Mutton, amount exported, 40;

exportation from New Zealand, 236;

export trade of New Zealand controlled by a government board, 244.

Nails, not used in Samoan dwellings, 275.

National Park, near Sydney, 34.

National Provident Fund, a New Zealand institution, 199.

New Britain, of the Bismarck Archipelago, 161.

New Guinea, former German territory now administered by Australia, 159, 160.

New Ireland, of the Bismarck Archipelago, 161.

New Plymouth, New Zealand, in the dairy district, 174.

New South Wales, size, and wealth of its people, 24.

New Zealand, location, and physical geography, 170 et seq.;

form of government, 171;

climate, 173;

population, and proportion of aborigines, 177;

early colonization movements, 179.

New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Company, a coöperative association, 199.

Newspapers and their circulation, 118.

Ngauruhoe, volcano in New Zealand, 173.

Nuggets, remarkable, found in the Ballarat gold field, 96.

Nukualofa, capital and only town of the Tonga Islands, 272.

Nullarbor Plain, difficulties in building railway over, 91.

Oats, high yield in New Zealand, 176.

Old-age pensions, in New Zealand, 194.

Opals, in Queensland, 21;

quantities offered for sale, 81.

Organs, pipe, rivalry between Melbourne and Sydney, 32, 74.

Owls, the solution of the pest of birds in fruit region, 257.

Papua, government of, 8;

administered by Australia, 159, 160.

Parliament of the Commonwealth, organization of, 8.

Pasteur, fails in production of virus to combat rabbit plague, 59.

Phillip, Captain, brings first sheep to Australia, 45.

Pearl fisheries, at Thursday Island, 152.

Pearl shell, the commerce in, 154.

Pelicans, common in Queensland, 132.

“Pelorus Jack,” the pet whale, 251.

Pensions, old age, in New Zealand, 194.

Pineapples, produced extensively in Queensland, 14.

Pipe line water supply in Coolgardie district, 100.

Pipe organs, rivalry in, of Melbourne and Sydney, 32, 74.

Platypus, strangest of the animal kingdom, 5;

link between bird and beast, 131.

Plug tobacco used as money in New Guinea, 138.

Poisoning, of rabbits, 57;

of dingoes and foxes, 60.

Port Arthur, old convict colony of Van Diemen’s Land, 145.

Postal savings banks, in New Zealand, 198.

Poverty, almost unknown in New Zealand, 194, 198.

Prickly Pear, its fateful introduction in Queensland, 22.

Prickly-Pear Commission, in search of means to destroy the pest, 22.

Prohibition, in New Zealand, 187.

Prosperity, in New Zealand, 255.

Public debt, huge, of New Zealand, 202.

Public schools, excellence of, 113.

Public Trust, a government institution of New Zealand, 199.

Purchasing power of the Australian people, 138.

“Queen Emma” of New Guinea, 162.

Queensland, size and location, 13;

population, 16;

travels in, 10.

Rabaul, principal European colony in Bismarck Archipelago, 161.

Rabbits, the plague, and efforts to combat it, 56;

exportation of frozen carcasses, 59;

a serious pest also in New Zealand, 240;

freezing in New Zealand for export, 257.

Rabbit skins, exportation of, Australian, 59;

New Zealand, 240.

Railway fares, in New Zealand, 218.

Railway ties, durable woods used, 90.

Railway travel, 28.

Railways, owned by the different states, each of different gauge of track, 85;

total amount of trackage, 86.

Railways of New Zealand, travelling over the, 213;

government owned, 214.

Rainfall, scarcity of, in Australia, 62.

Ratu Epele Nailatikau, high chief of the Fijis, 265.

Refrigeration and shipment of New Zealand mutton, 237, 240.

Religious belief of the bushmen, 126.

Reptiles, used as food by the aborigines, 123.

Rimutaka Mountain, New Zealand, steepest railway grade in the world, 216.

Rockhampton, city of gold and copper, 19, 20.

Rotorua, most famous health resort of the South Seas, 222.

Ruapehu volcano, in New Zealand, 173.

Salote, Queen of the Tongas, 272.

Samoa, German, now administered by New Zealand, 159, 172.

Samoas, the islands and the people, 273 et seq.

Sapphires, from Queensland, 22.

Satin-bower bird, and its habits, 134.

Sausage casings, amount exported, 40.

Savaii, volcanic island of the Samoan group, 273, 274.

Schools, travelling, in New South Wales, 114.

Seddon, Richard, New Zealand’s greatest premier, 181.

Sharks, danger from in diving for pearl shell, 156.

Sheep, Australia the largest producer, 40;

fine breeding stock produced in Tasmania, 148.

Sheep, blooded, great demand for, 41.

Sheep industry, importance of, 4, 37.

Sheep raising, New Zealand’s chief industry, 184, 236 et seq.

Sheep ranches, immensity of the, 38, 41.

Sheep shearing, how conducted, 52;

in New Zealand, 239.

Sheep shearers, the aristocrats of the sheep business, 51.

Sheep show, annual, at Sydney, 40.

Sheep stations, social life on the, 47.

Sheepskins, annual exportation, 40.

Shoes, American, in New Zealand, 259.

Signs, curious to an American, 81.

Silver, great deposits of, 4;

great output of the Broken Hill field, 142.

Slang, Australian, 81.

Slaughtering, and refrigerating of mutton for export, 241.

Sleeping cars, in New Zealand, 217.

Social legislation, New Zealand first in many laws, 194.

Solomon Islands, the natives and the products, 163.

South Pacific Ocean, wild and stormy, 165.

Sports, New Zealanders’ devotion to, 210.

Squatters, meaning of the term, 39.

Squid, danger from in pearl fishing, 157.

State-owned railways, the, 85.

States, comprising the Commonwealth, 7.

Steel, manufacture of, a growing industry, 142.

Stevenson, Robert Louis, his villa at Apia, Samoa, 274, 280, 281;

not a successful planter, 277.

Stores and business of Melbourne, 80.

Street cars, municipally owned in Auckland, 203.

Strikes, rare in New Zealand, 204.

Sugar cane, extensively grown with white labour, 14.

Sugar plantations in the Fijis, 270.

“Sun-downer,” the tramp of the sheep country, 54.

Suva, capital of the Fijis, 268, 269.

Swans, black, of New Zealand, 250.

Sydney, metropolis of the Antipodes, 24;

its shipping and fine harbour, 25;

walks about the city, 31.

Sydney Bulletin, widely read newspaper, 33, 47.

Tarawera, Mount, eruption of, 220.

Tariff, protective, to foster home industries, 141, 143.

Tariff, preferential, with Great Britain, 143.

Taronga Park, cageless zoölogical gardens, 34.

Tasman Glacier, New Zealand, 174.

Tasmania, the Switzerland of the southern Pacific, 144.

Tattooing, among the Maoris, 229.

Taupo, largest lake in New Zealand, 175.

Taxation system of New Zealand, 179.

Te Anau, second largest lake in New Zealand, 175.

Tea, great amount used by Australians, 112.

Technical schools, in many cities, 116.

Thakombau, last king of the Fijis, 264.

“Three Eights” monument at Melbourne, 105.

Thursday Island, the centre of the pearl-fishing industry, 152.

Tikitere, the “hell” of New Zealand’s volcanic region, 225.

Tin, extensively mined, 3;

deposits of, in Queensland, 21;

Mount Bischoff mines in Tasmania the largest producers in the world, 148.

Tonga Islands, the country and the people, 263, 272.

Toorak, residential suburb of Melbourne, 73.

Toowoomba, principal city of the Darling Downs district, 15.

Topography of Australia, 4.

Torrens Title, system of land transfer, 16.

Trackers, remarkable keenness of the bushmen as, 125.

Trade schools, in every large city, 116.

Travelling schools, in New South Wales, 114.

Turnips, production of, in Tasmania, 148;

as feed for sheep, in New Zealand, 213, 238.

Tutuila, one of the American Samoas, 273.

Tyson, James, wealthy stockman, 37.

Unions, encouraged in New Zealand, 204.

Unionism, Australia thoroughly organized, 104.

“Universal providers” the Melbourne department stores, 80.

Universities and higher education, 116.

Upolu, an island of the Samoas, 273, 274, 275.

Victoria, irrigation projects in, 67.

Volcanoes, of New Zealand, 173, 220.

Voting, compulsory, in New Zealand, 186.

Voyage to Australia, the, 1.

Wages, on the sheep ranches, 39.

Waikato River, largest in New Zealand, 213.

Waimangu Geyser, New Zealand, 224.

Wallaby, a species of Kangaroo, 131.

Water, scarcity of, in Australia, 63.

Water supply in the dry lands, 66.

Wealth, in Sydney, 24;

of the Australian people, 138.

Wellington, New Zealand, the capital city, 167.

Wells, artesian, furnish water in the desert, 92.

Whale, “Pelorus Jack,” the pet of New Zealand, 251.

Wheat, immense production and export of, 4;

transportation and care awaiting exportation, 90;

production of, in Tasmania, 148;

high yield in New Zealand, 176.

White Island, New Zealand, a bed of hot sulphur, 173.

White men, a country for, 104.

Williams, U. S. Consul to Fiji, his part in the transfer of the islands to the British, 264.

Wimmera-Mallee irrigation system, the, 66.

Wool, immense production, and of fine quality, 4;

annual production, 40;

how handled and sold at Sydney, the chief wool market, 42;

prices attained, 43;

the science of grading, 44;

handling of the crop, 53;

weight of fleece of the different breeds of sheep, 240;

handling the clip of New Zealand, 243.

Woollen mills, of New Zealand, 243.

Woman suffrage, adds strength to labour element, 9;

in New Zealand, 186.

Women, in politics and labour, in New Zealand, 186.

Women divers in the pearl fisheries, 157.

Workmen’s houses, built by the government, in New Zealand, 209.

Yates, Mrs., the first woman mayor, 186.

“Yellowstone Park” of New Zealand, 220.

Zinc, works of the Electrolytic Zinc Corporation in Tasmania the largest of the kind in the world, 150.