Part 2 — INDEX.

Aboriginal implements, 303 Aborigines, probable origin of, 302 Acanthias, 270 Acanthodes, 261 Acanthosphaera, 103 Acanthothyris, 166, 167 Acentrophorus, 263 Acrolepis, 263 Actaeon, 197 Actinoceras, 205, 207 Actinocrinus, 136 Actinodesma, 178, 179 Actinopteria, 178, 179 Actinostroma, 121, 122 Adeona, 158 Aechmina, 237 Aeschna, 250 Aetheolepis, 267 Agathiceras, 207 AGNATHA, 258 Agnostus, 227 Allodesma, 176 Ambonychia, 177 Ammodiscus, 96, 97 Ammonites, 204, 209, 210 AMMONOIDEA, 205 Amoeba, 36, 95 AMPHIBIA, structure of, 272 Amphistegina, 100 Amplexus, 117 Ampyx, 229 Amusium, 185 Anas, 283 Anchura, 197 Ancilla, 198, 199, 202 Ancyloceras, 209, 210 ANGIOSPERMEAE, characters of, 40 ANNELIDA, 152 Anomalina, 98 Anomalopteryx, 283 Antedon, 138 ANTHOZOA, 64, 113 Antiquity of man in Australia, 304 Aparchites, 237 Apateolepis, 262 Aphnelepis, 267 Apocynophyllum, 91 Aptornis, 283 Aptychopsis, 246 Arabellites, 153 Arachnoides, 146 Araucarioxylon, 68 Araucarites, 89 Arca, 184, 186, 188 Archaeocidaris, 144 Archaeocyathina, 113 ARCHAEOCYATHINAE, 112 Archaeomaene, 267 Archaeopteryx, 280 Arctocephalus, 299 Arenicolites, 153 Argillaceous rocks, 69 Argilloecia, 237 ?Argiope, 166 Argonauta, 205 ARTHROPODA, structure and subdivisions of, 38, 220 Asaphus, 227, 228 Aspidorhynchus, 267 Astarte, 182 Asteracanthus, 269, 271 ASTEROIDEA, 139 Asterolepis, 258 Astralium, 198, 200 Astropecten, 141 Athyris, 161, 162, 165 Atrypa, 158, 160, 162 Aturia, 210 Atys, 204 Aucella, 183 Aulopora, 116 Australian fossiliferous strata, 45-48. AVES, 280 Aviculopecten, 179, 180 Axopora, 119 Bactronella, 112 Baculites, 210 Baiera, 89, 164 Bairdia, 240 Balanophyllia, 118 Balanus, 243 Balcombian bivalves, 186 ” gasteropods, 199 Bandicoot, 289, 295 Bankivia, 201 Banksia, 91, 281 Barbatia, 184, 185 Barnacles, 240 Barnea, 187 Bathytoma, 201 Bela, 201 Belemnites, 205, 209, 210 BELEMNOIDEA, 205 Bellerophon, 193, 194, 195, 196 Belonorhynchus, 262 Belonostomus, 267 Bettongia, 295 Beyrichia, 235, 236, 237 Biloela, 274 Bipora, 158 Birds, fossil, 53, 280 Biziura, 283 BLASTOIDEA, distribution and characters of, 61, 138 Blue-green Algae, 76, 82 Bog iron-ore, 80 Bolodon, 286 Bombax, 91 Bone-beds, 78 Bone-breccias, 79 Bothriceps, 273 Botryocrinus, 136 BRACHIOPODA, structure of, 57, 158 Brachiopod limestone, 74 Brachymetopus, 232 Brachyphyllum, 89 Bracken fern, 91 Brissopsis, 148 Brittle-stars, characters of, 61, 141 Bronteus, 229, 230 Bryograptus, 124, 126, 227 BRYOPHYTA, characters of, 39 Buccinum, 191 Buchozia, 199 Bulimina, 97, 98 Bulinus, 69, 191 Bulla, 204 Bullinella, 198, 199 Bythocypris, 236 Bythotrephis, 82 Cainozoic Balanidae, 243 ” bird, Victoria, 281 ” bivalves, 184 ” brachiopods, 166 ” brittle-stars, 143 ” chitons, 190 ” corals, 118 ” crabs, 247 ” echinoids, irregular, 146 ” echinoids, regular, 145 ” fishes, 269 ” Foraminifera, 99 ” gasteropods, 198 ” gasteropods, New Zealand, 202 ” Holothuroidea, 148 ” insects, 250 ” Lepadidae, 243 ” Ostracoda, 239 ” and Pleistocene reptiles, 279 ” plants, 89 ” Polyzoa, 158 Cainozoic Radiolaria, 104 ” scaphopods, 189 ” sponges, 110 ” starfishes, 141 ” strata, 45, 46 Calcareous rocks, 72 ” sponges, 112 Callograptus, 122 Callorhynchus, 269 Calymene, 229, 230, 231 CALYPTOBLASTEA, 122 Calyptraea, 198, 200, 201 Camarotoechia, 160, 161, 162 Cambrian bivalves, 177 ” brachiopods, 159 ” crinoids, 134 ” Foraminifera, 96 ” gasteropods, 192 ” Ostracoda, 235 ” plants, 82 ” Radiolaria, 102 ” sponges, 107 Cameroceras, 207 Campanularia, 122 Campophyllum, 115, 117 Cancellaria, 198, 199, 202 Canis, 298 Cannel coal, 76 Capitosaurus, 274 Capulus, 194 Carbonaceous rocks, 76 Carboniferous brachiopods, 162 ” crinoids, 136 ” fishes, 259 ” Foraminifera, 96 ” gasteropods, 196 ” Ostracoda, 237 ” plants, 85 Carbopermian bivalves, 179 ” blastoids, 139 ” brachiopods, 163 ” cephalopods, 207 ” corals, 116 ” crinoids, 137 ” fishes, 261 ” Foraminifera, 97 ” gasteropods, 196 ” labyrinthodonts, 273 ” Ostracoda, 237 ” palaeechinoids, 144 ” Phyllopoda, 233 ” plants, 86 ” sponges, 110 ” starfishes, 141 ” trilobites, 232 Carcharodon, 269, 270, 271 Carcharoides, 269 Cardiola, 177, 178 Cardita, 184, 187 Cardium, 176, 184, 186, 187 CARNIVORA, 298 Carposphaera, 102 Carpospongia, 109 Caryocaris, 244, 246 Cassidulus, 148 Catenicella, 158 Cellaria, 158 Cellepora, 158 Cenellipsis, 102 Cenosphaera, 102, 103 CEPHALOPODA, characters of, 204 Ceratiocaris, 246 Ceratodus, 265, 267 Ceratotrochus, 118 Cerithiopsis, 200 Cerithium, 198, 200 Cestracion, 261, 269, 271 CETACEA, 295 Cetotolithes, 296 Chaenomya, 181 CHAETOPODA, 152 Chama, 185 Changes of climate in the past, 31 CHEILOSTOMATA, 155, 157 Cheirurus, 229, 231 Chelodes, 190 Cherts, 71 Chione, 185, 187, 188 Chiridota, 148 Chironomus, 250 Chiton, 190 Chonetes, 160, 161, 162 CHORDATA, 257 Chosornis, 283 Chronozoön, 298 Cicada, 250 Cidaris, 145 Cimoliosaurus, 279 Cinnamomum, 91 Cinulia, 197 CIRRIPEDIA, habits and structure of, 240 Cladochonus, 117 Cladophlebis, 89, 164, 182 CLADOPHORA, 122 Classification of animals, 35 Clathrodictyon, 121 Clausilia, 191 Clavigera, 165 Clays, 69 Cleiothyris, 164 Cleithrolepis, 262, 263, 274 Climacograptus, 127 Climatius, 258 Clonograptus, 123, 124, 126 Clypeaster, 146 Cnemiornis, 283 Coals, 76 Coccolepis, 267 Cocconema, 92 Coccosteus, 259 COELENTERATA, characters of, 37 Coleolus, 193 Collecting fossils, 317 Colubraria, 199 Columbarium, 198, 201, 202 Columbella, 198 Conchothyra, 184 Conocardium, 177, 178 Conodonts, 153 Conosmilia, 118 Conularia, 193, 194, 196 Conus, 198, 199, 202, 204 Coprosmaephyllum, 90 Coral limestone, 73 Corals, 64, 113 Corax, 267 Corbicula, 182 Corbula, 177, 185, 187, 188 Cordaites, 85 Cornulites, 154 Coscinocyathus, 113 Coxiella, 69 Crassatellites, 176, 184 Crenella, 176 Crepicephalus, 227 Crepidula, 198 Cretaceous (Lower and Upper) cephalopods, 209 ” cephalopods, New Zealand, 210 ” Cheilostomata, 157 ” crinoids, 137 ” echinoids (irregular), 146 ” (Lower) fishes, 267 ” fishes, New Zealand, 268 ” Foraminifera, 98 ” gasteropods, 197 ” plants, 89 ” Radiolaria, 103 ” (Lower) reptiles, 277 ” reptiles, New Zealand, 279 ” scaphopods, 189 ” sponges, 110 Crinoidal limestone, 74 CRINOIDEA, occurrence and structure of, 61, 133 Crioceras, 209 Crisia, 158 Cristellaria, 98 Crocodilus, 279 Cromus, 229 Crustacea, an archaic group, 221 ” development of, 221 ” fossil, 54 Cryptodon, 186 Cryptograptus, 127 Cryptoplax, 190 Cryptostomata, 155, 156 Ctenodonta, 177, 178 Ctenodus, 261, 263 Ctenolates, 272 Ctenostreon, 182 Cucullaea, 182, 184, 185 Cultellus, 188 Cuna, 184, 186, 187 Cupressinoxylon, 78, 89 Cupressus, 91 Cuscus, 295 Cuttle-fishes, 205 CYANOPHYCEAE, 82 Cyathocrinus, 137 Cyathophyllum, 113, 115, 117 Cyclas, 69 Cycloceras, 206 Cyclolituites, 207 Cyclometopa, 248 Cyclonema, 194 CYCLOSTOMATA, 155 Cydnus, 250 Cymbella, 92 Cyphaspis, 229 Cyphon, 250 Cypraea, 191, 198, 199, 200, 202 Cypricardinia, 178 Cyprid limestone, 75 Cyrenopsis, 184 Cyrtoceras, 204, 207 Cyrtograptus, 128 Cyrtina, 162, 164 Cyrtolites, 193 Cystideans, 61 Cystiphyllum, 116 Cythere, 239, 240 Cytherella, 240 ?Cytheridea, 238 Cytheropteron, 239 Dadoxylon, 68 Dalmanites, 224, 225, 229, 231 Daonella, 182 Darter, 283 ?Darwinula, 238 Dasyurus, 287, 295 DECAPODA, 246 Deep Leads, fruits of, 91 ” insects from, 250 Deltodus, 261 Deltopecten, 180 Dendrocrinus, 134, 135 Dendrocygna, 283 Dendrograptus, 122 Dendrophyllia, 119 Dennantia, 198 Dentalium, 189 Dentition of Reptiles, 275 Deontopora, 120 Desmoceras, 209 Devonian bivalves, 178 ” brachiopods, 161 ” cephalopods, 207 ” corals, 115 ” crinoids, 136 ” fishes, 258 ” gasteropods, 195 ” Ostracoda, 237 ” plants, 85 ” Radiolaria, 102 ” scaphopods, 189 ” stromatoporoids, 121 ” trilobites, 231 DIADACTYLA, 287 Diatomite, 72 Diatoms, 92 Dicellograptus, 126, 127 Dichograptus, 126 Dicranograptus, 126, 127 Dictyonema, and allies, 122 Dictyopyge, 262 Didymograptus, 124, 126 ?Didymosorus, 89 Dielasma, 164, 165 Dikellocephalus, 227 Dimetrodon, 276 Dimya, 184, 185, 186 Dinesus, 227 Dingo, 298, 305 Dinornis, 281, 282, 283, 299 Diodon, 270, 271 Dione, 188 Diphyphyllum, 113 Diplograptus, 124, 126, 127, 128 Diprotodon, 51, 290, 293 Diprotodon-breccias, 203 DIPROTODONTIA, 287 Discina, 166 Discorbina, 98 Dissocheilus, 199 Dithyrocaris, 246 Ditrupa, 154 Ditrupa limestone, 74 Dolichodon, 296 Dolichometopus, 226 Dolium, 201 Donax, 175, 187 Dorsetensia, 209 Dosinea, 185, 188 Drillia, 198, 202 Dromaeus, 282, 283 Dromornis, 282 Duck, 283 Duncaniaster, 147 Ear-bones of whales, 296 Early observers, 24 Eburnopsis, 199, 200 Echidna, 286, 287 Echinocyamus, 146 ECHINODERMATA, characters of, 37, 59 ” divisions of, 133 ECHINOIDEA, 143 Echinolampas, 147, 148 Echinoneus, 147 Echinus, 145 Ecionema, 112 Edaphodon, 271 Edestus, 262 Edmondia, 177, 180, 182 Eglisia, 202 Elephant-fish, 269, 271 Elephant-tusk shells, 188 Elevated sea-beds, 27 Elonichthys, 261, 263 Elpisopholis, 263 Emarginula, 198 Emu, 283 Encrinurus, 229 Endoceras, 205 Endothyra, 96, 98 Entalophora, 158 Entomis, 238 Ephemera, 250 Equisetites, 40 Errant worms, 153 Erycina, 187 Erymnoceras, 209 Estheria, 233 Eucalyptus, 90, 91, 281 Eulima, 198 Eunema, 193 Eunicites, 153 Euomphalus, 194, 195, 196 Eupatagus, 147 Euphemus, 196 Eurydesma, 181 EURYPTERIDA, 248 Euthria, 198 Eutrochus, 200 Evolution of life-forms, 33 Fagus (Notofagus), 91 Falcon, 283 Fasciolaria, 198, 199 Favosites, 73, 114, 115, 116 Feather-star, 138 Fenestella, 156, 157 Fibularia, 146 Fishes, fossil, 53 ” primitive types, 258 ” true, 258 Fish-lizards, 275, 276, 277, 278 Fissilunula, 183, 184 Fissurellidea, 198 Fistulipora, 155, 156 Flabellina, 98 Flabellum, 118, 119 Flightless pigeon goose, 283 Flints, 71 Flying phalanger, 295 Foraminifera, characters of, 36, 95 ” fossil, 65 Foraminiferal limestone, 73 Fossil faunas, differences in, 43 Fossiliferous strata, Australia, 45-48 ” strata, New Zealand 49 Fossil, origin of name, 23 Fossils an index to age of strata, 26, 32 ” nature of, 21 ” petrifaction of, 23 ” preservation of, 23 ” structure preserved in, 24 Fossil wood, 24, 66, 68 Frondicularia, 97, 98 Fruits of the deep leads, 91 Fulica, 283 Fusus, 198, 201 Galeocerdo, 269, 271 Gallinula, 283 Gangamopteris, 86 Ganorhynchus, 259 Gari, 185 GASTEROPODA, characters of, 190 Gastrioceras, 207 Geinitzina, 98 Genyornis, 282, 302 Geological epochs, 45-49 Geology, scope of, 21 Giant kangaroo, 289 ” lizard, 280 ” penguin, 280 Gibbula, 198 Ginkgo, 89, 91 Girvanella, 76, 82, 86 Glauconite casts of foraminifera, 96 Glossograptus, 126, 127 Glossopteris, 86 Glycimeris, 184, 187 Glyphioceras, 207 Gomphonema, 93 Gondwana-Land, 87 Goniatites, 207, 208 Goniograptus, 124, 126 Gosfordia, 262 Gosseletina, 196 Grammysia, 177 Granatocrinus, 139 Graphularia, 118, 119 Graptolites, Bendigo series, 124 ” Lancefield series, 124 ” nature of, 63, 123 ” Tasmania, 128 GRAPTOLITOIDEA, 123 Gregoriura, 142 Griffithides, 232 Gromia, 95 Ground pigeon, 283 Gryphaea, 182 Grypotherium, 53 Guide fossils, 43 GYMNOSPERMEAE, characters of, 40 Gyracanthides, 261 Gyroceras, 207 Gyrodoma, 194 Halimeda limestone, 75 Haliotis, 198, 200 Haliserites, 83 Halysites, 114 Hamites, 210 Hapalocrinus, 136 Haploceras, 209 Haplophragmium, 97, 98 Harpa, 198, 199, 201 Harpactocarcinus, 248 Harpagornis, 283 Hawk, 283 Helicocrinus, 136 Helicotoma, 195 Heliolites, 115, 116 Heliopora, 115 Heliosphaera, 103 Helix, 203 Hemiaster, 148 Hemipatagus, 148 Heterocrinus, 135 HETEROPODA, 190 Heteropora, 158 Hexactinellid sponge, 107, 110 Hinge-structure, in bivalves, 175 Holaster, 147 HOLOTHUROIDEA, 148 Homalonotus, 229, 231 Hornera, 158 Huenella, 159 Human remains, sub-recent, 299 Hyalostelia, 108, 110 Hybocrinus, 135 Hydractinia, 119, 120 HYDROZOA, 63, 119 Hymenocaris, 244 Hyperammina, 97 Hyolithes, 192, 193, 194 Hypothyris, 164 Hypsiprymnus, 295 Ibis, 283 Ichthyosaurus, 276, 277, 278 Idiostroma, 121 Idmonea, 158 Illaenus, 229 Indusial limestone, 75 Inoceramus, 183, 184 Insects, 53, 250 Ironstone, 80 Irregular echinoids, 146 Ischnochiton, 190 Ischyodus, 269, 270 Isochilina, 237 Isocrinus, 137, 138 Janjukian bivalves, 186 ” gasteropods, 200 Jonesina, 237 Jurassic bird, 280 ” bivalves, 182 ” brachiopods, 165 ” cephalopods, 208 ” fishes, 264 ” Foraminifera, 98 ” gasteropods, 196 ” insects, 250 ” Ostracoda, 238 ” Phyllopoda, 233 ” plants, 89 ” reptiles, 276 ” scaphopods, 189 Kalimnan bivalves, 187 ” gasteropods, 201 Kangaroo, 295 Keeneia, 196 Kekenodon, 295, 296 Kerosene shale, 77 Kionoceras, 206 Kloedenia, 237 Labrodon, 271 LABYRINTHODONTIA, 272 Lagena, 98 ?Lagria, 250 Lamna, 267, 269, 271 Lamp-shells, 57, 158 Lasiocladia, 110 Lasiograptus, 126, 127 Latirus, 198, 201 Laurus, 91 Leaia, 233 Leda, 182, 184, 185, 187, 188 Leonardo da Vinci, 25 Lepas, 243 Leperditella, 234 Leperditia, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238 Lepidocyclina, 99, 100 ” limestone, 73 Lepidodendron, 40, 85, 261 ” beds, 162 Lepralia, 157, 158 Leptaena, 162, 164 Leptoclinum, 257, 258 Leptodesma, 179 Leptodomus, 177 Leptograptus, 124 Leptolepis, 264, 265, 267 Lepton, 187 Lichas, 229 Lichenopora, 158 Lieberkuehnia, 95 Lima, 184, 185, 186 Limatula, 185 Limestones formed by organisms, 72 Limnaea, 69 Limopsis, 184, 185, 187 Limulus, 248 Lingula, 160, 162, 166, 261 Linthia, 147, 148 Liopyrga, 201 Liotia, 198, 200 Lithistid sponges, 109, 110 Lithological evidence, value of, 44 Lithophaps, 283 Lithothamnion, 75 Lituites, 207 Lituola, 97 Loganograptus, 126 Lophophyllum, 117 Lorica, 190 Lotorium, 198, 200, 202 Lovenia, 147 Lower Cambrian trilobites, 226 ” Cretaceous bivalves, 183 ” ” brachiopods, 166 ” ” cephalopods, 209 ” ” crab, 246 ” ” dragon-fly, 250 ” ” fishes, 267 ” ” reptiles, 277 ” Mesozoic fishes, 263 ” Ordovician graptolites, New Zealand, 126 ” Ordovician graptolites, Victoria, 124 Loxoconcha, 239 Loxonema, 193, 194, 195, 196 Lucina, 185, 187 Lung-fish, 265 Lunucammina, 98 Lunulicardium, 178 Lunulites, 158 Lyriopecten, 179 Maccoyella, 183, 184 Macrocephalites, 209 Macrocheilus, 196 Macrocypris, 236, 240 Macropora, 158 Macropus, 289, 295 Macrotaeniopteris, 88 Mactra, 177, 185, 188 Madrepore limestone, 73 Magasella, 166, 168 Magellania, 166, 167, 168 Magnolia, 91 Maiden-hair tree, 89 Mail-shells, 189 MAMMALIA, early types, 285 Mammals, fossil, 51 Manatees and dugongs, 298 Marginella, 198, 199 Marginulina, 98 Marsupial lion, 293 Marsupial, oldest known Australian, 294 Marsupials, 287 ” Pleistocene and living, 295 Martiniopsis, 164 Mastodonsaurus, 274 Material for fossil collecting, 315 Megalania, 280 Megalosaurus, 277 Melania, 203 Melosira, 92 Membranipora, 157, 158 Meretrix, 177, 185, 187 Mesoblastus, 139 Mesostigmodera, 250 Mesozoic strata, 46 Metablastus, 139 Metasqualodon, 295, 296 METAZOA, 95 Micraster, 146 Microdiscus, 227 Mikrogromia, 95 Millepora, 119 Milleporids, 119 Miliolina, 96, 100, 101 Miocene bird, New Zealand, 280 ” leaf-beds, 90 Miolania, 279 Mitra, 198, 199, 204 Moa-birds, 281-285, 299 Modiola, 183, 186 Modiolaria, 186 Modiolopsis, 177 MOLLUSCA, characters of, 38, 56, 174 MOLLUSCOIDEA, characters of, 38, 57, 154 Monactinellid sponges, 109, 110 Monogenerina, 97 Monograptus, 124, 128 Monostychia, 146 Monotis, 182 MONOTREMATA, 286 Monticulipora, 155 Monticuliporoids, 117 Montlivaltia, 118 Moor-hen, 283 Mopsea, 119 Morio, 198, 200 Mound-builders, 283 Mourlonia, 196 Mud-fish, 265, 267 Muds, 69 Mudstone, 70 MULTITUBERCULATA, 286 Murchisonia, 104, 195, 196 Murex, 198, 199, 200 Myodora, 185, 187 Myriolepis, 262, 263 Mytilarca, 177 Mytilus, 182, 183, 187, 188 Naming of animals, 34 Nassa, 191, 198, 204 Natica, 191, 197, 198, 200, 201 Native cat, 287, 295 ” dog, 298 ” honeysuckle, 91, 92 NAUTILOIDEA, 204 Nautilus, 204, 207, 209, 210 Navicula, 92 Nebalia, 244 Necrastur, 283 Neoceratodus, 267 Newer Pliocene seal, 299 Newtoniella, 198 New Zealand fossiliferous strata, 49 Niso, 194, 198 Nodosaria, 98, 100 Nonionina, 96 Normanites, 209 Notasaphus, 227 Notidanus, 268, 269, 270, 271 Notochelone, 53, 277 Notophyllia, 118 Nototherium, 293 Nubecularia, 97, 98 Nucleospira, 160 Nucula, 175, 177, 178, 183, 184, 185 Nuculites, 177, 178 Nullipore limestone, 75 Nummulites, 65, 99 Nummulitic limestone, 73 Nyroca, 283 OCTOPODA, 205 Octopus, 205 Odontaspis, 269, 270, 271 ODONTOCETI, 295 Odontopleura, 229, 231 Odostomia, 198, 200 Oenonites, 153 Olenellus, 226, 227 Oliva, 204 Ommatocarcinus, 247 Omphalotrochus, 194 Oolitic ironstone, 81 Ophileta, 192, 193 OPHIUROIDEA, 141 Orbiculoidea, 160 Orbitoides, 99 Ordovician bivalve, 177 ” brachiopods, 159 ” cephalopods, 205 ” corals, 113 ” crinoids, 135 ” gasteropods, 193 ” Phyllocarida, 244 ” Radiolaria, 102 ” sponges, 108 ” trilobites, 227 Ornithorhynchus, 286, 287 Orthis, 159, 160, 161, 162 ” limestone, 74 Orthoceras, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208 Orthonota, 177 Orthothetes, 162 OSTRACODA, features of carapace, 234 ” habits of, 234 ” structure of, 233 Ostrea, 182, 184, 187 Otaria, 299 Oxyrhina, 269, 270, 271 OXYSTOMATA, 247 Oxytelus, 250 Pachydomus, 181 Pachyornis, 282, 283 Pachypora, 73, 116 Palaeaster, 140, 141 Palaeeudyptes, 280, 281 Palaeohatteria, 276 Palaeolycus, 250 Palaeoneilo, 177, 178 Palaeoniscus, 261, 263, 274 Palaeopelargus, 283 Palaeozoic chitons, 189 ” Cladophora, 122 ” Cryptostomata, 156 ” errant worms, 153 ” strata, 47 ” Trepostomata, 155 Palissya, 89, 164 Pallymnarchus, 279 Palorchestes, 290 Panda, 203 Panenka, 177 Paracyainus, 118 Paracyclas, 177, 179 Paradoxechinus, 145 Paradoxorhyncha, 239 Parasqualodon, 295, 296 Pareiasaurus, 276 Patella, 190, 191 Pecten, 175, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188 PELECYPODA, characters of, 174 ” hinge structure of, 175 Pelican, 283 Pelicanus, 283 Pelosina, 97 ?Peltopleurus, 262 Pentacrinus, 137, 138 Pentagonaster, 141 Pentamerus, 160, 162 Penteune, 91 Peragale, 289 Perameles, 289, 295 Perisphinctes, 209 Permian and Triassic reptiles, 276 Perna, 187 Peronella, 148 Persoonia, 90 Petaurus, 295 Petraia, 113 Phacops, 229, 230, 231 Phalanger, 295 Phanerotrema, 194 Phascolomys, 289, 295 Phascolonus, 289 Phialocrinus, 137 Phillipsia, 232 Phoenicopsis, 88 Pholas, 177 Pholidophorus, 262, 263 Phos, 198 Phragmoceras, 207 Phryganea, 75 PHYLACTOLAEMATA, 155 PHYLLOCARIDA, structure of, 243 Phyllocladus, 90 Phyllograptus, 123, 126 PHYLLOPODA, 233 Phyllotheca, 274 Physa, 191 Physonemus, 261 Pigeon, 283 Pinna, 186 PINNIPEDIA, 299 Pisania, 202 ?Pisocrinus, 136 Placopsilina, 97 Placotrochus, 118 Placunanomia, 184, 187 Plagiarca, 184 Plagiaulax, 286 Planorbis, 191 Plants, fossil, 66 Plant series, characters of, 39 Platalea, 283 Platyceps, 273 Platyceras, 192, 194, 195, 196 Platycoila, 91 Platycrinus, 137 Platyschisma, 196 Platysomus, 263 Plaxiphora, 190 Plectroninia, 112 Pleioclinis, 91 Pleistocene birds, New Zealand, 283 ” bivalves, 188 ” carinate birds, 283 ” diprotodonts, 289 ” fish, 272 ” Foraminifera, 101 ” gasteropods, 202 ” lobster, 248 ” plants, 91 ” seal, 299 Plerophyllum, 117 Plesiastraea, 119 Plesiolampas, 148 Plesiosaurus, 279 Pleuracanthus, 263 Pleurodictyum, 114 Pleuromya, 183 ?Pleurostomella, 98 Pleurotoma, 198, 199, 202 Pleurotomaria, 194, 196, 197, 200, 202 Plicatula, 186 Pliocene moa, New Zealand, 281 Pliosaurus, 278 Plotus, 283 Podocarpus, 90 Poecilodus, 262 ?Pollicipes, 243 POLYCHAETA, 152, 154 Polycotylus, 279 Polymastodon, 286 Polymorphina, 98, 100 POLYPLACOPHORA, 189 Polypora, 157 POLYPROTODONTIA, 287 Polystomella, 101 POLYZOA, characters of, 59, 155 ” subdivisons of, 155 Polyzoal limestone, 74 Porcellia, 196 Porcupine fish, 270, 271 Porina, 158 Porphyrio, 283 Portheus, 268 Poteriocrinus, 137 Prehensile Rat-kangaroo, 295 Preservation of fossils, 319 Primitia, 236, 237 Pristisomus, 262 Procoptodon, 290 Productus, 162, 163, 164 Proechidna, 287 Proetus, 229, 232 Progura, 283 Prosopon, 246 Protaster, 142 Protocardium, 185 Protopharetra, 113 Protoretepora, 157 Protospongia, 107,108 PROTOZOA, characters of, 36, 65, 95 Psammechinus, 145 Pseudamaura, 197 Psilichthys, 264 PTERIDOPHYTA, characters of, 40 PTERIDOSPERMEAE, characters of, 40 Pterinea, 178, 179 Pteris (Pteridium), 91 PTEROPODA, 190, 192, 193, 194 Pterygotus, 248, 249 Ptilograptus, 122 Ptychoparia, 226, 227 Pugnellus, 184 Pulvinulina, 98 Purbeck marble, 74 Purisiphonia, 110 Purpura, 191 RADIOLARIA, characters of, 36, 66 ” habitat of, 101 ” structure of, 101 ” subdivisions, 102 Rail, 283 Raised beaches as distinct from middens, 29 Ranella, 204 Range-in-time of fossils, 50 Raphistoma, 193, 195 Rat-kangaroo, 295 Receptaculites, 109 Regular echinoids, 144 Reinschia, 78 Reptiles, fossil, 53 ” dentition of, 275 ” structure of, 274 Reteocrinus, 135 Retepora, 158 Reticularia, 164 Retiolites, 124, 128 Rhacopteris, 86 Rhinopterocaris, 244, 246 Rhipidomella, 162 Rhizophyllum, 113 Rhodocrinus, 135 Rhombopora, 156 Rhynchonella, 158, 165, 166 RHYNCHOTA, 250 Rhynchotrema, 160 Ringicula, 202 Risella, 191 Rissoa, 198 Rissoina, 197 Rostellaria, 198 Rotalia, 96, 101 Rugose corals, 113 Saccammina, 96 Saccocaris, 244 Sagenodus, 263 Salterella, 192 Sandstones, 71 Sanidophyllum, 115 Sarcophilus, 287, 295 Sargus, 272 Scala, 191, 198, 199, 200, 202 Scalaetrochus, 194 Scaldicetus, 297 Scaphella, 202 Scaphites, 209 SCAPHOPODA, 188 Scenella, 193 Sceparnodon, 289 Schizaster, 148 Schizodus, 175 Schizophoria, 162 Schloenbachia, 209 Scutellina, 146 Sea-beds far from the present coast, 29 Sea-bream, 272 ” -cucumbers, 148 ” -firs, 119, 122 ” -mats, 154, 155 ” -pen, 119 ” -urchins, 59, 143 ” characters of, 144 Sedentary worms, 154 Seguenzia, 199 Selenaria, 158 Semele, 185 Semicassis, 198 Seminula, 164 Semionotus, 262, 263 SEPIOIDEA, 205 Serpula, 154 Serpulite limestone, 74 Sertularia, 119, 122 Shales, 69 Sharks, 267, 269, 270, 271 Shell-limestone, 74 Shumardia, 227 Sigsbeia, 143 Siliceous rocks, 71 Silicified wood, 24 Siliquaria, 198 Silurian bivalves, 177 ” brachiopods, 160 ” brittle-stars, 142 ” cephalopods, 206 ” cirripedes, 241 ” conodonts, 153 ” corals, 113 ” crinoids, 135 ” Foraminifera, 96 ” gasteropods, 193 ” graptolites, Victoria, 128 ” Hexacoralla, 114 ” Octocoralla, 115 ” Ostracoda, 235 ” palaeechinoids, 144 ” Phyllocarida, 246 ” plants, 82 ” Radiolaria, 102 ” sponges, 109 ” starfishes, 140 ” stromatoporoids, 121 ” trilobites, 228 Siphonalia, 198 Siphonia, 110 Siphonotreta, 160 SIRENIA, 298 Sistrum, 202 Slate, 70 Smith, William, 26 Smittia, 158 Solarium, 198 Solenocurtus, 187 Soletellina, 188 Sphaerosiderite, 80 Sphenopteris, 85, 89 Sphenotrochus, 118, 119 Sphenotus, 177, 179 Sphyrna, 270 Spirifer, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 Spiriferina, 165 ” -beds, 208 Spirillina, 96 Spirorbis, 154 Spirula, 205 Spirulirostra, 205, 210 Spisula, 188 Spondylostrobus, 91 Spondylus, 175, 184, 185 SPONGES, characteristics of, 64, 107 Spongilla, 72 Spongodiscus, 103 Spongophyllum, 116 Spoonbill, 283 Spore coal, 76 Squalodon, 295 Stacheia, 97 Star-corals, 119 Starfishes, characters of, 61, 139 Staurolonche, 103 Stauroneis, 92 Steno, 25 Stenopora, 117 Stenotheca, 192 Stephanella, 109 Stephanograptus, 126 Stephanotrochus, 118 Sthenurus, 290 Sting-ray, 271 Stomatopora, 158 Storing fossils, 320 Stork, 283 Strata, superposition of, 41 ” vertically arranged, 44 Stratigraphical series, general thickness, 44 Stratigraphy, 27 Strepsodus, 261 Streptelasma, 113 Stricklandinia, 160 Stromatopora, 120, 121 Stromatoporella, 121, 122 STROMATOPOROIDS, 63, 120 Strombus, 184, 204 Strophalosia, 163 Stropheodonta, 160, 161 Strophonella, 160 Struthiolaria, 202 Studeria, 148 Sturtzura, 143 Stutchburia, 180 STYLASTERIDS, 119 Subemarginula, 198 Submerged forests, 30 Sunetta, 187 Superposition of strata, 41 Synaphe, 238 SYNDACTYLA, 288 Synedra, 92 Syringopora, 114 Syringothyris, 164 Tabellaria, 92 Taeniopteris, 88, 89, 164, 250, 265 Taniwhasaurus, 279 Taphaetus, 283 Tasmanian devil, 287, 295 ” wolf, 287, 295 Tasmanite, 77 Taxocrinus, 135 Tellina, 185, 187, 188 Temnechinus, 146 Tentaculites, 193, 194, 195 Terebra, 198, 199, 202, 204 Terebratella, 166, 168 Terebratula, 166 Terebratulina, 166, 167 Tertiary ironstone, 81 Tessarodoma, 158 TETRACORALLA, 113 Tetractinellid sponge, 110, 112 Tetragraptus, 124, 126 Textularia, 98, 100 Thalassina, 248 THALLOPHYTA, characters of, 39 Thalotia, 200 Thamnastraea, 118 Thinnfeldia, 88, 89, 182 Thurammina, 97 Thyestes, 258 Thylacinus, 287, 295 Thylacoleo, 293, 303 Time-range of fossils, 50 Tomodus, 262 Toothed whales, 295 Torbanite, 77 Torlessia, 154 Trachyderma, 153, 154 Trachypora, 117 Trematonotus, 194 Trematotrochus, 118, 119 TREPOSTOMATA, 155 Tretocalia, 112 Triassic bivalves, 181 ” brachiopods, 164 ” cephalopods, 208 ” crinoids, 137 ” fishes, 262 ” Foraminifera, 98 ” labyrinthodonts, 273 ” Ostracoda, 238 ” Phyllopoda, 233 ” plants, 88 ” reptiles, New Zealand, 276 Tribonyx, 283 Tribrachiocrinus, 137 Trichograptus, 124 Tricoelocrinus, 139 Trigonia, 175, 182, 183, 184, 187 Trigonograptus, 126 TRILOBITES, habits of, 222 ” structure of, 223 Tritylodon, 276, 286 Trivia, 198, 199 Trochoceras, 205 Trochonema, 195 Trochus, 191, 194, 195 Trophon, 202 Truncatulina, 98, 100 Tryplasma, 113 Tuatera, 276 Tudicla, 201 TUNICATA, 257 Turbo, 197, 200 Turrilepas, 241, 243 Turritella, 191, 198, 200, 201, 202 Turritella -limestone, 74 Tylosaurus, 279 Tylospira, 198, 202 Typhis, 198 Uncinulus, 162 Unio, 181, 182 Unionella, 181 Upper Cambrian trilobites, 227 ” Cretaceous bivalves, 184 ” Cretaceous brachiopod, 166 ” Cretaceous cephalopod, 166 ” Triassic fishes, 262 ” Ordovician graptolites, New South Wales, 127 ” Ordovician graptolites, Victoria, 126 Urasterella, 140 Urosthenes, 262 Vaginella, 198, 199 Vaginulina, 98 Valvulina, 97, 98 Venus, 177, 185, 187, 188 VERMES, characters of, 37 Vertebraria, 264 VERTEBRATA, characters of, 38, 257 Verticordia, 186 Vetotuba, 194 Voluta, 198, 201, 202 Volutilithes, 198, 201, 202 Volvox, 78 Volvulella, 201 Warrnambool footprints, 301 Werrikooian bivalves, 187 ” gasteropods, 202 Whales, 295 White coal, 77 Wilsonia, 160 Wombat, 289, 295 Worms, fossil, 59, 152 Worm-tracks, 154 Wrasse family, 271 Wynyardia, 294 Xenophanes, 24 Xenorhynchus, 283 Xestoleberis, 237 Xiphosphaera, 103 Yvania, 196 Zaphrentis, 117 Ziphius, 296