Attack of Fortified Places. Including Siege-works, Mining, and Demolitions

Part 2 — INDEX.

Reading edition

PAGE

Additional operations—intrenched camps, 91

Advance from first parallel, 84

Advanced positions, 104

Advantage lies with attack, 176

Ammunition, 44, 57, 101

Angle template, 137, 148

Approaches, 16

Approaches, execution of, 20-3

Approaches, tracing, 18

Approaches, over-ground, 31

Ascending galleries, 148

Armament, 100

Army of observation, 69

Artillery, first position, 75, 104

Artillery, first position opening fire, 67

Artillery, second position, 81

Artillery, second position opening fire, 83

Artillery-fire, opening, by defence, 104

Assault, 4

Assault, defence against, 7

Assault, dispositions for, 5

Assault of breach, 89

Attaching a miner, 177

Attack by mines, 169-171

Attack by sap, 91

Attack, close, 107

Attack, journal of, 97

Attack, plan of, 78

Attack, point of, 73

Attack, successive steps of, 64

Auger, earth, 138

Auxiliary frame, 144

Battery, alternative construction, 50

Battery behind crest of hill, 53

Battery, breaching, 83

Battery, construction of, 48

Battery, constructing centre passage of, 48

Battery, counter, 82

Battery, definitions, 42

Battery, electric, 163-6

Battery, enfilading, 82

Battery, exposed sunken, 46

Battery for field-guns, construction of, 43

Battery for siege-guns and howitzers, 44

Battery for siege-guns, ammunition required, 44

Battery, general requirements of siege, 42

Battery, location of, 9, 75

Battery, mortar, 55

Battery of rifled mortars and howitzers, 83

Battery on sloping ground, 53

Battery, sunken, in a parallel, 51

Battery, tracing the, 47

Belfort, siege of, 71-2, 86, 104

Besieging force, bringing up and posting, 67

Besieging force, strength and composition, 70-2

Blasts, 178

Blasting and demolitions, 178-84

Blindage-frames or blinds, 156

Blinded descents or galleries, 38, 156, 170

Blinded sap, 38

Blinded sap, traverse by, 35

Blinds or screens, 45

Blockade, 1

Bombardment, 8

Bombardment, defence against, 10

Bombardment, defence during, 105

Bomb-proofs and traverses, 25, 170

Branches, 170-72

Breach, capture and crowning of, 89

Breaching batteries, 83

Breaching by mines, 176-7

Breaching galleries, 177

Breaching the scarp and counter-scarp, 88

Breaking out a full sap from a parallel, 30

Breaking out a double sap from a parallel, 33

Bridge, demolition of, 182

Bridge, floating—passage of ditch, 40

Brigade or detachment of sappers, 28

Bringing up and posting the besieging force, 67

Camps, fortifying, 68

Camouflet, 120, 167, 171, 172

Canal locks, demolition of, 183

Capitulation, the, 109

Capture and crowning of breach, 89

Capture and crowning of covered way, 87

Cases, mining, 139-41

Chamber, definition, 119

Chamber, form and location, 160

Changing direction of double sap, 33

Changing direction of galleries, 148, 150, 154

Changing slope of galleries, 149, 155

Charge, definition, 119

Charge, excess to be used in demolitions, 184

Charge for over- or under-charged mines, 125

Charge for blasts, weight determined, 179

Charge for blasts, when tamped, 178-9

Charge for common mines, 122-4

Charge for mines, placing, 165

Charge for mines, preparing, 161

Choice of explosives, 132

Churn-drill, 178

Circular place of arms, 31

Conquered place, occupation of, 93

Common mine defined, 120

Common mine volumes and charges, 120-4

Construction of battery for field-guns, 43

Construction of battery, sunken, 48-50

Construction of central passage, 48

Construction of magazine, 60

Construction of simple trench, 20

Construction of trench by flying sap, 22

Counter-battery, 82

Cover for bomb and splinter proofs, 23-25

Cover for magazines, 58

Covered way, crowning of the, 35

Crater, definitions, 119

Crater, assumed form of, 121

Crater relation between volume and charge, 120-7

Crater radius, definition, 119

Crowning the covered way, 35

Crutch, 154

Dampness, precautions against, 63

Defence, the, 99-111

Defence against assault, 7, 105

Defence against bombardment, 10, 105

Defence against surprise, 4

Defence, ammunition for, 101

Defence, armament for, 100

Defence by mines, 171-2

Defence, council of, 98

Defence during bombardment and assault, 105

Defence during first period, 103

Defence during second period, 106

Defence during third period, 107

Defence, garrison for, 99

Defence, journal of, 110

Defence, opening artillery fire by, 104

Defence, preliminary considerations, 98

Defence, preparations for, 101

Defence, provisions and supplies, 101

Demi-parallels, 86

Demolitions, deliberate, 180

Demolitions, hasty, 181

Descending galleries, 147

Detachment or brigade of sappers, 28

Detonation, 162

Dispositions for an assault, 5

Distribution of fuzes in charge, 161

Distance of line of investment, 70

Ditch, passage of, 37

Double sap, 32

Double sap, breaking out, from a parallel, 33

Double sap, changing direction of, 33

Double sap, execution of, 32

Drainage, 16, 24, 55, 59

Drawings, working, 151

Drill-bars and drills, 178

Dynamite, etc., 132-5

Dynamite, freezing of, 165

Dynamite, tamping, 179

Earth auger, 138

Electric batteries, wires, and lights, 165-6

Elevated and sunken batteries, 44

Elevated magazine, 62

Embrasures, 53

Enfilading batteries, 82

Execution of double sap, 32

Execution of single sap, 28

Experimental mines, 125, 131, 133

Explosion, theory of, 120

Explosive, charge for blasts, 179

Explosive, charge for mines, 122-5

Explosive, choice of, 132-5

Explosive, expenditure of energy, 120

Explosive, freezing of, 165

Explosive, noxious gases from, 133, 158

Explosive, relative strength of, 131, 179

Explosive, tamping of, 178-9

Exposed sunken battery, 46

False frame, 146

Field kitchens and ovens, 114

Field-level, description, 136

Field-level, use, 146, 148, 149

Filtration of water, 117

Fire, musketry, 84

Fire, opening by attack, 76

Fire, opening by defence, 104

Fire, opening from second artillery position, 83

Firing blasts, 178

Firing and loading mines, 161-6

Firing-tubes and needles, 178-9

First artillery position, 75

First parallel, 78

First period of the siege, 65

Flying sap, 20

Flying sap, construction of, 22

Fort Wagner, 86

Form and volume of crater, 121

Fortifying camps, parks, etc., 68

Frames and sheeting compared with cases, 141

Frames and sheeting, use in shafts, 139-45

Frames and sheeting, use in galleries, 145-51

Freezing of high explosives, 165

Full sap, 28

Full sap, driving of, 28

Full sap, breaking out from a parallel, 30

Fuzes, 161, 164, 166

Galleries, blinded, 156

Galleries, change of direction of, 148, 150, 154

Galleries, change of slopes of, 149, 154

Galleries, definitions and dimensions, 119, 138

Galleries, direction in attack, 171

Galleries, distance apart, 170

Galleries, for breaching, 177

Galleries, inclined, 147-9, 155

Galleries, listening, 170

Galleries of departure, 150

Galleries, partly lined, 148

Galleries, rate of advance of, 157

Galleries, transverse, 170

Gallery linings, 139-41

Gallery with frames and sheeting, 145-51

Gallery with cases, 153-6

Garrison of place, 99

Gases generated in mines, 133, 158

General requirements of siege batteries, 42

Globe of compression defined, 120

Governor of the place, 98

Guns, field, batteries for, 43

Guns and howitzers, batteries for, 44

Guns, ammunition required, 44-57

Guns for armament, 100

Guns of first artillery position, 76

Guns, positions of, to be changed, 106

Gunpowder, amount per cubic yard, 123, 124, 178

Hasty demolitions, 181

High explosives compared with gunpowder, 131-5

High explosives, freezing of, 165

High explosives, use in blasting, 179-80

Houses and magazines, demolition of, 181

Howitzer batteries, 44

Howitzers for vertical fire, 83

Huts and shelters, 113

Inclined galleries, 47

Infantry trenches, 104

Intrenched camp, attack upon, 91

Investment, 9, 65

Investment, distance of line of, 70-72

Journal of the attack, 97

Journal of the defence, 110

Jumper, 178

Kitchens and ovens, 114

Landings, 150-1

Latrines, sinks, etc., 115

Line of investment, distance of, 70

Line of least resistance = L. L. R., 119

Listening galleries or listeners, 170-72

Loading and firing mines, 161

Location of batteries, 9, 75

Location of magazine, 58

Lodgement, 170

Magazines, 57

Magazines, construction of, 60

Magazines, cover for, 58

Magazines, drainage of, 59

Magazines, elevated, 62

Magazines, execution of the work upon, 61

Magazines, location of, 58

Magazines, mined, 61

Magazines, precautions against dampness, 63

Maps, 151

Masks for batteries, etc., 45

Masks, air-tight, for exploring mines, 160

Maxims, Vauban’s, 94

Mine defined, 119

Mine-chamber, 160

Mine, common, 120-5

Mine, overcharged and undercharged, 120, 125, 131, 171-72

Mines of attack, 169, 171

Mines of defence, 171-2

Mines, organization of, 169

Mine tactics, 172-6

Mined magazine, 61

Mining, military, object of, 119

Miner, attaching a, 177

Miner’s bellows, 137

Miner’s candlestick, 137

Miner’s lamp, 137

Miner’s pick and shovel, 136

Miner’s rule, 122

Miner’s truck or car, 137

Mortar batteries, 55, 83

Mortars, siege, 57, 107

Musketry fire, 84

Observatories, 54

Occupation of conquered place, 93

Opening fire, attack, 76

Opening fire, defence, 104

Opening fire from second artillery position, 83

Opening the first parallel, 80

Organization and duties of brigade of sappers, 28

Organization and tactics of mines, 169-76

Ovens and kitchens, 114

Overcharged and undercharged mines, 120, 125, 171-2

Overground approaches, 31

Parallels, 15

Parallels, demi-, 86

Parallels, execution of, 20-3

Parallel, first, 78

Parallel, first, opening, 80

Parallel, first, advance from, 84

Parallel, second, 85

Parallel, third, etc., 86

Parallel, tracing a, 17

Parks, camps, etc., fortifying, 68

Parks and depots, 111

Partly-lined galleries, 148

Paris, siege of, 71-2

Passage, central, of battery, 48

Passage of the ditch, 37

Period, first, of siege, 65, 103

Period, second, of siege, 75, 106

Period, third, of siege, 86, 107

Pick and shovel, miner’s, 136

Pick, miner’s, distance heard, 170

Placing fuzes in charge, 164

Placing the charge, 165, 176

Plan of attack, 78

Plevna, siege of, 71, 72

Point of attack, 73

Posting besieging force, 67

Posting working parties, 18

Powder-boxes, 58

Powder for siege batteries, 44, 57

Precautions against dampness, 63

Precautions in blasting, 180

Preliminary considerations of defence, 98

Preparations for defence, 101

Preparing the charge, 161

Progress of the siege, 12

Proofs, bomb, 25

Proofs, splinter, 23, 48, 50

Provisions and supplies, 101

Push pick, 136

Radius of explosion, 119

Radius of rupture, 120, 128, 131

Railroads, demolition of, 183

Rate of advance of galleries, 157

Rate of advance of sap, 29

Regular approaches, 12

Requirements, general, of siege batteries, 42

Returns, 150-1

Rifled mortars and howitzers, batteries of, 83

Rolling-stock, demolition of, 184

Sand-bag fork, 13

Sap, attack by, 91

Sap, definition, 27

Sap, blinded, 35

Sap, breaking out from a parallel, 30

Sap, double, 32-3

Sap-fork, 13

Sap, flying, 20, 22

Sap, full, 28-30

Sap, shallow, 31

Sap-shield, 13, 23

Sap, traversed, 33-5

Sap, widening the, 30

Sapping, definitions, etc., 27

Sapping, former methods, 36

Scraper, 13

Screens, 45

Second artillery position, 81

Second artillery position, opening fire from, 83

Second parallel, 85

Shaft, definitions and dimensions, 119, 138

Shaft à la Boule, 156, 172

Shaft intervals, 142

Shaft linings, 139-141

Shaft mines, 172

Shaft, sinking, with cases, 152-4

Shaft, sinking, with frames and sheeting, 141-5

Shaft in a lodgement, 170

Shallow sap, 31

Shelters and huts, 113

Shield for covering ditch, 38-40

Shield for driving gallery, 147

Shovel and pick, miner’s, 136

Siege, definitions, etc., 12, 64

Siege batteries, 42-53

Siege, first period of, 65, 103

Siege, second period of, 75, 106

Siege, third period of, 86, 107

Siege, length of, 71

Siege of Belfort, Fort Wagner, Paris, Plevna, and Strasburg, 71, 86, 104

Simple trench, 20

Sinking shaft with frames and sheeting, 141-5

Sinking shaft with cases, 152-4

Sinks and latrines, 115

Slope, defined, 119

Slope-block, 137, 148

Slope, change of, 149, 155

Slope, method of fixing, 147

Squibs, 178

Splinter-proofs, 23, 48, 56

Sterilizing water, 117

Stockades, demolition of, 182

Strasburg, siege of, 71, 86

Sunken battery, 45-53

Supplies and provisions, 101

Surprise, 2

Surprise, defence against, 4

Surrender of the place, 109

Tamping blasts, 178-9

Tamping mines, 166

Third period of siege, 86

Todleben’s rules, 173

Tools and appliances, 10, 136

Tracing approaches, 18

Tracing a battery, 47

Tracing lanterns, pickets, tapes, etc., 14

Tracing parallels, 17

Transverse galleries or transversals, 170

Traverse by blinded sap, 35

Traverse, cube, 34

Traverses, length of, 34

Traversed sap, 33

Trenches, 15

Trench cavalier, 36

Trenches, guard of the, 15

Trench, infantry, 104

Trench, simple, 20

Tunnels, demolition of, 183

Underground warfare, 169

Vauban’s maxims, 94

Ventilation of mines, 158-60

Vertical fire, batteries for, 83

Volume and form of craters, 121

Volume and weight of charge, 161, 181

Wagner, Fort, siege of, 86

Walls, demolition of, 181

Water-supply, 116

Weight and volume of charge, 161, 181

Wet ditch, passage of, 38-40

Working drawings, 151

Plate I.