INDEX

abortion: 39, 57

administrative divisions: viii, 38

adult education: 7, 86-87

Africa: 156, 163, 171, 172, 182, 183

Agerpres. See Romanian Press Agency

Agricultural Bank: 261, 267

Agricultural Mechanization Enterprises: 262-264, 267

agriculture (see also collective farms; livestock): v, viii, 8, 30, 31, 36, 41, 227, 229, 231, 232, 233, 236, 237, 241; Commission, 117; education, 76, 85, 87, 145; labor, viii, 61, 233, 253, 262, 264-266; production, 269-273, 274

aid foreign (see also Council for Mutual Economic Assistance): 26, 103, 167, 169, 279; military, 211-212, 216, 223

air forces: ix, 7, 211, 213, 214, 215-216, 219, 221, 224

air transport: ix, 45, 46-47, 196, 216

Albania: 27, 39, 42, 158, 166, 167, 172

Alecsandri, Vasile: 105

Alexandrescu, Grigore: 104

Allied Control Commission: 21, 24

Allies. See World War I; World War II

Aman, Theodor: 97

Anti-Comintern Pact: 21

anti-Semitism: 17, 19, 56

anti-subversion. See counter-subversion

Antonescu, Ion: 21, 175

Apostol, Gheorghe: 130, 131, 134, 136

Arad: 44, 193

archaeology: 94, 95, 99

architecture: 76, 99-100

Arghezi, Tudor: 106

aristocracy: 6, 12, 56, 75

armed forces (see also military): ix, 7, 15, 16, 119, 120, 121, 133, 161, 200, 203, 211-216, 221-227; command, 112, 116, 173, 213; training, 220-221, 223

army (see also ground force): ix, 7

arts and the artists: 7, 91, 92-94, 135, 152, 180; education, 76, 81, 84, 85, 97; union, 135

Asachi, Gheorghe: 104

Asia: 156, 163, 168, 171, 182, 183, 219

Aslan, Ana: 107

atheism: 5

Aurelian, Emperor: 11, 50

Austria (see also Austro-Hungarian Empire): 20, 24, 33, 46, 54

Austro-Hungarian Empire (see also Habsburgs; Hungary): 9, 13, 14, 18, 33, 37

automobiles (see also traffic): 42, 203-204, 288

Avars: 11

Baia-Mare: 44, 52

Balaga, Lucian: 106

Balcescu, Nicolae: 104

Balkans: 22, 29, 163, 167, 170, 171, 185, 211; history, 3, 9, 10

Banat: 10, 11, 32, 254; population, 52, 53, 55

Banks for Agriculture and the Food Industry: 242, 243, 244, 267-268

banks and banking (see also individual banks): 110, 242-246

Bessarabia: 18, 20, 37, 54, 55, 212

Bihor Massif: 30, 31

birth control: 39

birth rate: 39-40, 57

Black Forest: 34

Black Sea: vii, xiv, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 46, 47, 48, 216, 217, 218, 224, 276; history, 10

Bokassa, Jean Bebel, president of the Central African Republic: 172

Book Central: 187, 188

Boris, Tsar: 11

boundaries, national (see also individual neighboring countries): vii, xiv, 9, 29, 32, 37-38, 211

Braila: 48

Brancusi, Constantin: 98

Brasov: 38, 44, 53, 102, 182

Brezhnev, Leonid: 165; doctrine, 28, 159, 160, 164, 165

Brincoveanu, Constantin, Prince: 100

Bucharest: viii, xiv, 10, 15, 31, 32, 34, 35, 38, 67, 70, 147, 148, 155, 163, 207, 214, 221, 254, 263; cultural, 67, 91, 96, 97, 98, 104, 107; government, 122, 123, 125; history, 16, 18, 19, 21; information, 177, 181, 182, 186, 188, 189; politics, 139, 141, 142, 147; population, 38, 41, 54; security, 195, 213, 216; transport, 43, 44, 47

Bucharest Declaration: 168, 218

budget: 41, 112, 116, 120, 240-241, 248, 286; local, 126

Bukovina: 10, 18, 20, 33, 37, 71, 72, 212

Bulgaria: 7, 37, 165-166, 167, 172, 182, 218, 219, 276, 278, 279; border, vii, xiv, 10, 29, 32, 48, 216, 217; history, 11, 20, 212

canals: ix, 29, 31, 46

Cantemir, Dimitrie: 104

capital punishment: 205

Carol I, King: 16, 17, 18

Carol II, King: 19, 20, 21, 175

Carpathian Mountains: vii, 29, 30, 31, 47, 94; history, 11, 50

Ceausescu, Nicolae: 1, 2, 3, 27, 28, 93, 109, 113, 118, 119, 124-125, 127, 129, 130, 131-134, 136, 139, 140, 142, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 184, 206, 213; foreign relations, 7-8, 28, 132, 155, 156, 159, 160, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172-173

censorship (see also freedom of expression): 176

census: 54, 55; (1930), 79; (1956), 54, 79; (1966), 39, 49, 52, 143

Central European System: 185

cereals: 254, 255, 256, 272, 273, 274

Cernavoda: 43, 44

Cernavoda-Silistra: 279

Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. See Carol I

chernozem: 35, 254

children (see also students): 6, 14, 40, 57, 58, 183, 187, 199, 200; care, 80, 82-83; education, 74, 75, 76, 79, 82

Christianity (see also Protestants; Roman Catholicism; Romanian Orthodox Church): introduction of, 11, 67

church-state relations: viii, 4, 5, 66-67, 68, 69, 70

civil rights (see also freedom of expression; ownership; religion; suffrage): 3, 16, 66, 111-112, 113, 146, 150, 151, 176, 194, 201, 206

clergy: 5, 14, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70; training, 66, 69, 72, 112

climate: vii, 29, 33, 34-35, 36, 253, 254

Cluj: 44, 52, 71, 72, 91, 102, 182, 186, 189, 213

coal: 238, 276-277, 288

cobza: 100

Codreanu, Corneliu: 20

collective farms: 24, 41, 58, 87, 194, 230, 236, 244, 257-261, 262, 263, 266, 267, 273, 280; labor, vii, 264

College of Saint Sava: 104

commerce (see also trade): 15

Communists and communism (see also Romanian Communist Party): v, 3, 56, 127, 157; and culture, 91, 92-94, 98, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107; and economy, 8, 24, 49, 132, 133, 149-150, 229, 234, 275; and education, 73-74, 76-77, 78; government, 2-3, 24-28, 38, 110; and information, 176, 183, 185, 189; and religion, 4, 5, 65, 68, 70; rise to power, 9, 22-24; and social structure, 6, 49, 58-62

Concordat (1927): 69

Congress of Paris: 16

conscripts and conscription (see also military): 7, 212, 219, 220, 221, 223

Constanta: 4, 44, 47, 182, 216, 217, 276

Constitution: 3, 5, 116; (1866), 16, 17; (1923), 18; (1938), 20; (1948), 5, 110, 111; (1952), 5, 110, 112, 119, 150; (1965), vii, 5, 28, 66, 109, 110, 113-114, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 146, 160, 161, 163, 206; Commission, 116, 117; development, 110-113

construction: 227, 232, 256, 257, 279, 280, 283, 287; private, 242, 245; youth, 201 consumer goods: 149, 229, 232, 235, 237, 239, 241, 251, 287-288; export, viii; production, 8, 30, 42

cooperatives: 82, 85, 114, 126, 127; agricultural, 59, 153

Council of Ministers: 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119-121, 123, 124, 133, 140, 147, 161, 162, 176, 195, 198, 200, 214, 230, 240, 241, 243, 244, 256

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON): iii, 1, 2, 8, 26, 27, 150, 156, 157-158, 159, 161, 164, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 247, 249-250, 275

Council of Romanian Radio and Television: 182, 184

Council on Socialist Culture and Education: 94, 120, 176, 181, 186, 189

Council of State: vii, 109, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117-119, 121, 122, 124, 125, 133, 140, 161, 162, 230, 240, 256, 289

Council of State Security: 119, 120, 121

counter-subversion: ix, 194, 202, 205

county. See judet

courts: viii, 115, 122-124, 194, 200, 205, 206-207; military, 223

credit policies: 242, 245-246, 260, 266, 267-269

crime (see also penal system): 193, 194, 196, 199, 201-203, 205, 206, 223, 257

Crimean War: 16

Crisana: 10, 32, 179

cultural activity (see also architecture; arts and the artists; folk culture; literature; music; painting; sculpture): 4, 7, 12, 14, 41, 52, 53, 54, 85, 87, 91, 92, 152

cultural influences: 4, 7, 12, 14-15, 50, 51, 62, 63, 69, 76, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106; nationalism, 7, 92, 97, 102, 104

currency (see also exchange): 246-247

Cuza, Alexander: 16

Cyrillic alphabet: 14

Czechoslovakia: xiv, 20, 21, 30, 46, 163, 165, 172, 182, 190, 218, 224, 250, 278; invasion of, 7, 9, 28, 119, 135, 150, 154, 159, 164, 165, 166, 170, 172, 211, 218

Dacia (see also Dacians): 3, 11, 50, 67, 99

Dacia Literata: 104

Dacians (see also Dacia; Daco-Romans): 2, 10, 11, 14, 50

Daco-Romans: 3

Danube River: 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 43, 45-46, 47, 48, 55, 167, 216, 217, 254, 279; history, 10, 11, 12, 99

death rate: 39

defense (see also armed forces; security): 116, 195, 241; Commission, 117

Defence Council: 115, 118, 121, 133, 135, 140, 173, 213, 214

Densus: 99

Department of Cults: 5, 66

Description of Moldavia: 104

divorce: 57, 58

Dobruja: vii, 31, 32, 33, 34, 72, 99, 253; history, 10, 20, 37; population, 41, 55

Dogmatic Period: 92, 93

Dragan, Mircea: 103

Draghici, Alexandru: 130, 131, 134

droughts: 254

Dubcek, Alexander: 165

Eastern Europe: v, 8, 68, 94, 110, 155, 156, 158, 165, 166, 169, 172, 173, 182, 216, 218, 262; economic relations, viii, 26, 170, 248

Eastern Orthodox Church (see also Romanian Orthodox Church): 11, 13, 14, 53, 67, 99

Economic Council: 115, 119

economic development (see also Five Year Plan): viii, 6, 8, 17, 61, 73, 119, 149-150, 156, 161, 242; plans, 234-237, 242

economy (see also agriculture; economic development; finance; industry): v, viii, 8, 24, 25, 26, 42, 112, 113, 116, 120, 132, 133, 149, 158, 174, 226-227, 229-237; Commission, 117

education (see also adult education; indoctrination; schools; technical/vocational education; universities): viii, 4, 6-7, 14, 15, 16, 60, 61, 62, 66, 73-83, 126, 200; Act (1964), 74; Commission, 117; curricula, viii, 7, 74, 75, 77, 78, 82; higher, 6, 59, 61, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 84, 85-86, 107-108; law (1948), 77; law (1968), 78, 87; traffic, 204

Eforie Nord: 100

elections: vii, 23, 116, 117, 126-127; (1937), 19; (1948), 24; (1969), 127, 135

electricity: ix, 277, 278-279, 288; hydro, 29, 36, 167, 278, 279

elite class: 6, 60

emigration: 40-41, 53, 71; illegal, 203; Jews, 4, 72

Eminescu, Mihail: 105, 106

employment (see also labor; wages): 41, 59, 84, 154, 195, 233-234, 253, 265, 266, 280, 284-286

Enescu, Georghe: 101

English language: 83, 181, 183

ethnic groups (see also individual groups; minority ethnic groups): vii, 3, 49-50, 55-56

European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan): 26, 157

Everac, Paul: 102

exchange, foreign: ix, 187, 230, 242, 244, 247

expenditure: 241

export: 236, 239, 244, 248-249, 251, 253, 286; agricultural, viii, 36, 230, 273

Export-Import Bank: 251

family: 49, 56-58, 226, 257, 259

fauna. See wildlife

Federal Republic of Germany: 28, 34, 43, 53, 159, 164, 165, 168-170, 190, 288

Ferdinand, King: 18, 19

films: 103, 175, 177, 189-190

finance (see also budget; foreign exchange; investment; taxation; trade): viii-ix

fishing and fisheries: 33

Five-Year Plan: viii, 8; (1960-65), 26; (1971-75), 8, 149-150, 229, 230, 245, 266, 275

floods: 43, 173, 208, 222, 227, 255, 270

folk culture: 65, 91, 94-96, 98, 100-101, 105

foodstuffs: 42-43; export, viii, 30

foreign exchange. See exchange

foreign relations: 1, 2, 7, 25, 27, 28, 63, 118, 134, 136, 139, 154, 155, 162-174; Commission, 117; diplomatic representation, 118, 155, 159, 162, 163, 164-172; economic. See trade; policy, 116, 120, 133, 152, 156-162, 175

forests and forestry: 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 85, 233, 255, 277-278, 284; Commission, 117

France: 16, 20, 103, 168, 171, 212, 250; cultural influence, 15, 62, 63, 76, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 190; language, 83, 181, 183

freedom of expression (see also press): 91-92, 111, 113, 175, 176

frontier troops: ix, 7, 211, 213, 214, 217, 221

fruit (see also orchards and vineyards): 254, 272

Galati: 44, 48

gems: 243, 247

General Military Academy, Bucharest: 214, 221

General Regulation for Religious Cults (1948): 66, 70

General Union of Trade Unions: 120, 121, 133, 134, 136, 147, 148-149, 178, 198, 237, 243

geology: 30-32

Georgescu, Ion: 98

German Democratic Republic: 165, 172, 182, 190, 250

German ethnic group (see also German language): vii, viii, 3, 4, 18, 49, 51, 53-54, 55, 56, 57, 69, 71, 102, 127, 135, 143, 151; history, 11, 99

German language: vii, 51, 53, 54, 69, 83, 89, 180, 181, 183

Germany (see also Federal Republic of Germany; German Democratic Republic; Nazis): 18, 71, 101, 107, 212

Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe: 3, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 47, 110, 112, 130, 131, 134, 168; foreign relations, 156, 157, 158, 159, 165

Giurgiu: 43, 44

gold: 277

Goths: 50

government (see also Constitution; local government): vii, 17, 109-110, 115; central, 114-124, 126

Grand National Assembly: 88, 109, 110, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 133, 140, 151, 161, 162, 173, 237, 240, 241

Great Britain: 20, 23, 158, 171, 190, 212

Greater Romania: 18

Greece: 170-171

Grigorescu, Nicolae: 97

gross national product (GNP): 227, 233

ground force: 215, 224

Groza Petru: 23

Habsburgs (see also Austro-Hungarian Empire): 14

handcrafts: 94-96

health: 42, 126; Commission, 117; education, 85

Heinemann, Gustav, president of the federal Republic of Germany: 170

Higher Political Council: 213

History of the Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire: 104

Hitler, Adolf: 20

Holy See. See Vatican

housing: 40, 41, 42, 57, 58, 59, 61, 99, 195, 201, 233, 245, 256

Hungarian Autonomous Region (Mures-Magyar): 52, 111, 114, 150

Hungarian ethnic group (Magyars) (see also Hungarian language): vii, viii, 3, 4, 18, 49, 51, 52-53, 55, 56, 57, 69, 71, 72, 102, 111, 127, 135, 143, 151, 166; history, 3, 11, 13, 37, 52, 63, 99

Hungarian language: vii, 51, 53, 69, 83, 89, 180, 181, 183

Hungarian People's Union: 23

Hungary (see also Austro-Hungarian Empire): 37, 43, 46, 54, 163, 165, 166, 167, 172, 182; border, vii, xiv, 10, 29, 38, 52, 203, 217; history, 11, 19, 20, 21, 52, 53, 55, 67; revolt, 26, 157

Iasi: 15, 105, 182, 186, 189, 213

ideological campaign: 152, 153, 154, 175, 178, 184

imports: 229, 239, 248, 249, 251, 253, 277, 284, 287; substitute, 244

income: 40, 41, 59, 60, 61, 153, 240, 260, 264; church, 66; national, 231, 232, 253; per capita, 230

independence: 15-17, 113, 135, 160; 'declaration of', 1, 2, 27

indoctrination, political (see also propaganda): viii, ix, 132, 133, 139, 141, 144, 145, 146, 175, 176, 178, 183, 191, 201; armed forces, 211, 221-222; youth, 7, 73, 76, 77, 78-79, 80, 83, 84, 87, 132, 148, 180

industrialization (see also industry): v, 6, 8, 15, 17, 18, 26, 41, 43, 49, 77, 85, 150, 161, 229, 247, 251, 253

industry (see also construction; electricity; industrialization; investment; nationalization): viii, 25, 110, 149, 157, 229-230, 232, 233, 275-283, 287-289; commission, 117; labor, vii-viii, 61, 264, 275, 283-286

information (see also newspapers; periodicals; press; radio; television): ix, 65, 175-177, 190-191; foreign, 132, 152, 175, 181-182, 184, 185, 186, 189, 190

Institute of Historical and Social-Political Studies: 139, 145

intelligentsia (see also arts and the artists; professionals): 59, 60, 62, 142, 148

international commitments (see also individual pacts): v, ix, 121, 160, 172-174, 218-219

Intervision: 185

Investment Bank: 242, 243-244

investment, capital: 30, 42, 229, 233, 243, 268; in agriculture, viii, 266-267; foreign, 18; in industry, viii, 232, 275, 286-287

Ionescu, Eugene: 102

iron: 277, 288

Iron Gate: 31, 34, 55; hydroelectricity, 167, 279

Iron Guard: 19, 20, 21

irrigation: 201, 227, 254

Islam: 4, 72

Israel: 4, 28, 41, 72, 159, 164, 171

Italy: 20, 21, 101, 168, 171, 190, 250

Jalea, Ion: 98

Japan: 21

Jews and Judaism: 3, 4, 17, 18, 19, 41, 54, 56, 72, 199

Jiu Valley: 276

journalists: 7

judet: 109, 110, 114, 124, 148; courts, 122, 123, 124, 207; political, 137, 141, 142; security, 195

judges: 122, 206, 223

judiciary (see also courts; military): 122-124, 194, 202, 206

Junimea: 105

justice (see also courts; judiciary; military; penal system): viii

Justinian, patriarch: 70

Khrushchev, Nikita, premier of the Soviet Union: 2, 25, 26, 156, 157, 166

Kingdom of Romania: v, vii, 16, 18, 19

Kiselev, Pavel, Count: 15

Koenig, Cardinal: 70

Kogalniceanu, Mihail: 104, 105

labor force (see also labor unions): vii-viii, 43, 57, 73, 149, 211, 226, 230, 233, 253, 262, 264-266, 269, 280, 282, 283-286; code, 197; conditions of, 111; disputes, 123

labor unions (see also General Union of Trade Unions): 5, 22, 80, 87, 123, 126, 127, 132, 135, 144, 176, 180, 199, 243

lakes: 32, 33-34

land (see also forests and forestry; marshland; reform): viii, 237; agricultural, 33, 36, 254-257; conservation, 256, 257; ownership, 230

languages (see also individual languages): vii, 4, 83, 87, 88, 177, 181, 183

lautari: 100

leu: viii, 246, 305

Liberal Party: 18, 19, 23

libraries: 188-189

life expectancy: 39, 42

Lipatti, Dinu: 101

literacy: 6, 68, 73, 76, 79, 219

literature: 7, 14, 93, 103-107, 152, 187

livestock: 260; products, 253, 254, 268, 269-270, 271, 272, 273, 274

living standards: 17, 30, 41-43, 57, 59, 60, 61, 88, 149, 153, 202, 239, 240, 264

local government: viii, 6, 38, 109, 110, 111, 114, 124-126, 198

Luceafarul: 105

Luchian, Stefan: 97

Lupescu, Magda: 19

Magyars. See Hungarian ethnic group

Mairescu, Titu: 105

Mamaia: 100

Manescu, Corneliu: 162

Manescu, Manea: 140

Mangalia: 48, 100, 216

Maniu, Iuliu: 19

Maramures: 10, 32

marriage: 57, 195

Marshall Plan. See European Recovery Program

marshland: 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 43

Marxism-Leninism: v, 5, 76, 83, 107, 146, 147, 148, 151, 155, 160, 184, 187, 189

mass organization (see also labor unions; women; youth): 145, 146-149, 178, 198-201

Maurer, Ion Gheorghe: 112, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 158, 162, 169

medical services: 42; military, 222

merchant marine: ix, 30, 47-48

metallurgy: 283, 286

Michael the Brave (1593-1601): 12, 13

Michael, King (son of Carol II): 19, 21, 23, 176

Middle East (see also Israel): 46, 171, 276

migration, historical: 3, 11, 13, 50

military (see also aid; armed forces): 7, 8, 118-119, 134, 198; foreign, 167, 171, 173; honours, 226; justice, viii, 122, 123, 205, 207-208, 222-223; personnel, 195, 213, 219-220; service, 7, 112, 211, 212; volunteers, 220

Military Achievement Exhibit: 224

militia: 194, 195-197, 200, 203, 204, 206, 221

minerals (see also coal; iron; natural gas; oil): 36-37, 275

ministries and ministers (see also Council of Ministers; individual ministries): 115, 119, 120, 133; economic, 231, 234, 282, 283

Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Industry and Waters: 243, 244, 259, 261, 262

Ministry of the Armed Forces: 7, 121, 145, 195, 208, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217; minister, 119, 121, 213-214

Ministry of Defense: 211

Ministry of Education: 75, 80-82, 84, 86

Ministry of Finance: 237, 241, 242, 243, 247

Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 162, 163; minister, 119

Ministry of Foreign Trade: 162, 163, 248

Ministry of Internal Affairs: ix, 145, 195, 196, 208, 217, 221; minister, 119, 121, 195

Ministry of Justice: 122, 123, 203, 207; minister, 122

Ministry of Technical Material Supply and Control of the Management of Fixed Assets: 236

Ministry of Transportation: 43, 46

Ministry of Youth Problems: 147; minister, 200

minority ethnic groups (see also individual ethnic groups): vii, 3-4, 49-50, 54-55, 91, 135, 139, 149, 150-151, 166; education, 78, 88-89; rights, 111

missiles: 216

Mobutu, Joseph, president of Zaire: 172

Moldavia: vii, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 254; cultural, 95, 96, 99, 103, 104; history, 3, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 33, 37, 67, 74; population, 41, 54

monarchy, constitutional: 19, 23

mountains (see also individual ranges): ix, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36, 41, 253, 254

Munca: 178

Muntenia: 31

music: 100-101, 184; education, 75, 83

Muslims (see also Islam): 4

Mures-Magyar. See Hungarian Autonomous Region

National Bank of the Romanian Socialist Republic: viii, 242, 243, 245, 246

National Center for Cinematography: 189

National Democratic Front: 22, 23

National Peasant Party: 19, 22, 23

National Popular Party: 23

National Renaissance Party: 20

National Union of Agricultural Production Cooperatives: 133, 259

nationalism: 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, 25, 56, 67, 92, 97, 102, 104, 129, 130, 132, 154

nationalization: 24, 55, 58, 110, 244

natural gas: ix, 29, 30, 36, 37, 47, 275, 276, 278, 288

navy: ix, 7, 48, 211, 213, 214, 216, 221

Nazis: 9, 19, 20-21, 37, 54, 157, 168

Negruzzi, Constantine: 104, 105

news agencies: 175, 181-182

newspapers: 53, 54, 104, 175, 176, 177-180, 182

Niculescu-Mizil, Paul: 140

Nixon, Richard M., president of the U.S.A.: 159, 170

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): 8, 161, 171, 218

nuclear free zone: 167, 171

nuclear power: 279

Official Bulletin of the Socialist Republic of Romania: 117

oil: ix, 29, 36, 47, 275-276, 288

Old Catholics: 72

Old Church Slavonic: 67, 103

Old Kingdom. See Kingdom of Romania

Olt River: 31

Oltenia: 10, 11, 31, 95, 276

Oradea: 52

orchards and vineyards: 31, 32, 36, 254, 255, 257, 268

Ottoman Empire and the Turks: 9, 12, 13, 16, 32, 55, 63, 67, 72, 91

ownership (see also private sector): 110, 113-114, 259, 260

PCR. See Romanian Communist Party

Paciurea, Dimitrie: 98

painting (see also arts and the artists): 95-98

Pana, Gheorghe: 140

Pann, Anton: 101

party politics (see also individual parties): 14, 17, 20, 22, 175; single party, 2, 5

pasture: 32, 33, 36, 254, 255, 257

Patrascanu, Lucretiu: 131, 134

Pauker, Ana: 22, 24, 25

peasantry (see also folk culture, working class): 53, 58, 61, 62, 68, 74, 148, 153; history, 12, 13; revolt, 17

penal system: 201-202, 257; code, 194, 205-206, 222; institutions, 207-209

people's councils: 111, 114, 115, 116, 124, 125, 126, 196; Commission, 117

People's Democratic Front: 24, 127, 135

People's Republic of China (see also Sino-Soviet issue): 1, 27, 157, 158, 164, 167, 168, 250

periodicals: 53, 176, 180-181, 182; library, 105, 107, 152

Peter, tsar of Russia: 2

petroleum: ix, 17, 20, 29, 37, 47, 276, 278

Petrosani: 276

Phanariots: 12-13, 15

Pioneers Organization: 77, 80, 198, 199, 201

pipelines: ix, 29, 47

Ploiesti: 37, 41, 44, 47, 216

Plowmans Front: 22, 23

Poland: xiv, 165, 172, 182, 224

police (see also militia): ix, 24, 195, 196, 197, 198, 202, 203; secret, 3, 25, 193, 197

pope: 14, 67, 68, 70, 71

Popescu-Gopo: 103

population: vii, 3, 30, 35, 38-41, 74

ports (see also individual ports): ix, 17, 48, 196, 217

president, office and functions: 117, 118, 161, 214

Presidium: 110, 112

press: ix, 23, 93, 139, 176; freedom, 16, 113, 153, 176

prices: 237-240, 249, 283

prime minister, office and functions: 110, 119, 120

private sector: 113-114, 230, 258, 268-269, 273, 280

professionals (see also intelligentsia): 6; unions, 94

propaganda (see also indoctrination): v, 92, 139, 141, 153, 175, 176, 184, 190

Prosecutor General: 112, 115, 116, 118, 122, 123-124, 202

Protestants (see also religion): viii, 4, 5, 13, 53, 71-72

Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (VietCong): 163, 171

Prut River: 29, 30, 31, 33, 38, 46

publishing: 147, 175, 176, 177, 185-187

purges, political: 3, 24, 25, 77, 142, 156

Radescu, Nicolae, General: 22, 23

radio: ix, 54, 101, 175, 176, 177, 182-184, 191, 288

Radulescu, Ehade: 104

railways: ix, 16, 29, 43-45, 194, 196, 227

reform: 14, 16, 19, 132, 133, 153; economic, 8, 19, 231, 237, 248, 285; education, 73, 77-79; land, 16, 17, 18, 55, 58

religion (see also church-state relations; clergy; Protestants; Roman Catholicism; Romanian Orthodox Church): viii, 4, 5, 62, 65-66, 127; education, 4, 14, 66, 69, 72, 75, 76, 112; freedom of, viii, 5, 65, 68, 111; persecution of, 4, 65, 68, 70

Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam): 170, 171

research: 107-108

revenue (see also taxation): 241, 269

riparian rights: vii

rivers (see also individual rivers; riparian rights; waterways): ix, 29, 31, 33-34, 36

roads and highways: ix, 29, 43, 44, 99, 203, 227

Rodin, Auguste: 98

Roman Catholicism (see also church-state relations; religion): viii, 4, 13, 53, 67, 69-71

Romania Libera: 178, 179

Romanian Academy of Social and Political Sciences: 82

Romanian Air Transport (TAROM): ix, 46

Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Roman, PCR): vi, vii, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 19, 22, 27, 55, 84, 92, 94, 98, 101, 109, 110, 111, 114, 118, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132-134, 135, 136-146, 147, 149, 153, 160, 161, 164, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 176, 177, 196, 198, 211, 226, 229, 234, 235, 237, 248, 275, 280; Central Auditing Committee, 133, 137, 140; Central Collegium, 140; Central Committee, 26, 27, 118, 119, 121, 125, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 143, 145, 153, 158, 162, 176, 178, 180, 181, 182, 213, 268; Executive Committee, 120, 121, 131, 138, 139, 140, 152, 198; membership, 61, 129, 142-144, 153, 281; organization, 137-142; policies, 149-153; Secretariat, 119, 138, 139, 140, 152; Standing Presidium, 8, 119, 131, 133, 138, 139, 155, 160, 162, 230

Romanian ethnic group: 3, 17, 18, 33, 49, 50-52, 52-53, 55, 57, 143; history, 13-14

Romanian Foreign Trade Bank: 242, 243, 244, 247

Romanian language: vii, 2, 4, 11, 14, 51, 54, 67, 75, 83, 103, 104, 209

Romanian Orthodox Church (see also church-state relations; clergy religion): viii, 4, 65, 67-69

Romanian People's Army. See armed forces

Romanian People's Republic: v, vii, 5, 24, 110, 111, 131

Romanian Press Agency (Agentia Romana de Presa, Agerpres): 181, 182

Romanian Workers' Party: 23, 27, 111, 112, 130, 137, 142

Romans and the Roman Empire: 3, 10-11, 14, 50, 67, 91, 99

rural society (see also villages): 38, 41, 57, 62, 65, 68, 79, 87, 153, 154, 183, 187, 264; population, 17, 52, 53

Russia (see also Soviet Union): history, 2, 9, 15, 16, 18, 37, 54; revolution, 19, 37

Russian language: 2, 27, 83, 181

Sadoveanu, Mihail: 106

sanitation: 42

Sarmizegetusa: 99

Savings and Loan Bank: 242, 244, 245

schools (see also education; religion; students; universities): 2, 14, 27, 53, 54, 57, 65, 73, 74, 75, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83-88, 89, 97, 104, 148, 200, 201, 204

Scinteia: 178, 179

Scinteia Tineretului: 178-180

sculpture: 98

security (see also crime; defence; police): 133, 139; internal, 116, 120, 193-201; national, ix, 20

security troops: 193, 194, 197-198, 203, 206, 219

services: 232, 239

Sibu: 53

Sighisoara: 53

Sino-Soviet issue: v, 1, 27, 158, 164, 166, 167

Siretul River: 30, 31, 41

size and location (see also boundaries): vii, xiv, 3, 29, 32

Slavs: 2, 4, 9, 11, 12, 49, 51, 55, 127, 151; language and culture, 50, 51, 67

social benefits: 88, 260, 262

Social Democratic Party: 19, 22, 23, 137, 142

social structure: 6, 17, 58-62

socialism (see also collective farms; nationalization; Socialist Realism): v, 5, 73, 105, 151-153, 154, 198, 207, 230, 240

Socialist Party: 142

Socialist Realism: 7, 92, 93, 106

Socialist Republic of Romania: v, vii, 1, 3, 5, 28, 66, 113, 131

Socialist Unity Front: 126, 127, 135, 151, 177, 198

soils: 29, 35-36, 253, 254

Soviet Union (see also Czechoslovakia; Sino-Soviet issue): 22, 23, 33, 34, 37, 54, 131, 159, 163, 164-165, 167, 172, 182, 199, 212, 216, 218, 223, 224, 275, 279; border, vii, xiv, 10, 29, 46, 217; Communist Party, 137, 156, 166; Constitution (1936), 5, 111; independence of, 1-2, 3, 5, 8, 25, 26, 27, 28, 63, 113, 129, 134, 136, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 164, 169, 211, 227, 248; influence over Romania, v, viii, 1, 5, 7, 9, 24, 76, 92, 110, 111, 137, 152, 156, 158, 198; trade, viii, 190, 250, 276, 277; World War II, 9, 20, 21

Stalin, Joseph (see also Stalinism): 2, 7, 9, 25, 156

Stalinism: 2, 25, 156; de-Stalinization, 7, 92, 134-136, 157

State Committee for Prices: 115,120, 237, 239, 240

state enterprises: 80, 82, 87, 119, 120, 126, 141, 188, 194, 230, 231, 234-237, 238, 239, 242, 243, 246, 248, 281, 283; farms, 257, 258, 261-262, 267, 273; industry, 280, 283

State Inspectorate General for Product Quality: 289

State Planning Committee: 119, 120, 121, 237, 242, 243

State Security Council: 195, 197, 198

Stephan Gheorghiu Academy of Social-Political Education and the Training of Leading Cadres: 139, 144

Stephen the Great (1457-1504): 12

Stoica, Chivu: 130, 131, 133, 136

Storck, Carol: 98

Storck, Karl: 98

students (see also schools): 73, 80, 86, 87, 148; organizations, 77, 78, 80, 87, 199, 200

suffrage: 126

sugar beet: 255, 256, 272

Superior Council of Agriculture: 256, 257

Supreme Court: viii, 109, 112, 116, 118, 122, 124, 201, 223

Szeklers: 13, 52, 53

Szekelys. See Szeklers

tambal: 100

TAROM. See Romanian Air Transport

Tatars: 3, 4, 11, 12, 50, 51, 72

Tattarescu, Gheorghe: 97

taxation: 233, 239, 241, 245

teachers: 78, 79, 82, 83, 88, 154; training, 75, 76, 77, 82, 84, 85, 87-88, 89, 144

technical/vocational education: viii, 6, 7, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 145, 284

television: ix, 54, 101, 152, 175, 176, 177, 182, 184-185, 288

text books: 2, 78, 80, 82

textiles: 95, 284, 288

theater: 53, 101-102, 105, 152

Thracians. See Dacians

timber: 277-278, 288

Timisoara: 44, 193

Tirgu Mures: 44, 52

Tisza River: 31, 33, 46

Tonitza, Nicolae: 97

topography (see also mountains; rivers): vii, 31, 253

tourists and tourism: 33, 217, 252; exchange rate, ix, 247

trade (see also export; import; individual countries): 232; balance, viii, 8, 169, 173, 229, 242-243, 248, 251-252; domestic, 236; foreign, viii, 27, 155, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 217, 229, 230, 237, 246, 247-252

traffic, vehicular: 203-204

Trajan, Column of: 14

Trajan, Emperor: 11, 50, 99

transport (see also air transport; pipelines; railways; roads and highways; traffic; waterways): 43-48, 110, 216, 232

Transylvania (see also Transylvanian Alps): vii, 3, 4, 32, 34, 35, 37, 47, 68, 99, 166, 254, 276; cultural, 94, 95, 99, 103; history, 3, 10, 11, 13-14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 37, 50, 55, 67, 70; population, 41, 52, 53, 54, 56; transport, 43, 47

Transylvanian Alps: vii, 30, 31-32, 33, 35, 47, 276

travel: 61

Treaty of Berlin (1878): 16

'Tudor Vladimirescu': 21

Turkey (see also Ottoman Empire and the Turks; Turks): vii, 15, 16, 170, 171

Turks (see also Ottoman Empire and the Turks): 3, 4, 15, 50, 53, 55

Turnu Severin: 44, 99

UTC. See Union of Communist Youth

underemployment: 233, 253, 264, 265

Uniate Church: 4, 13, 67, 68, 69

Union of Communist Youth (Uniunea Tineretului Comunist, UTC): 77, 78, 80, 87, 120, 133, 147-148, 178, 181, 198-199, 200, 201, 213

Union of Student Associations: 77, 80, 198, 200

Unitarians: 4, 5, 13, 53, 73

United Nations: ix, 155, 168, 170, 172

United Principalities: 16

United States: 23, 167, 170, 190; trade, 158, 246, 250-251

universities (see also University of Bucharest): 75, 76, 80, 81, 84, 85-86, 88, 199, 200, 221; foreign, 15; teachers, 116; workers, 87

University of Bucharest: 107

uranium: 277

urban society: 4, 15, 17, 38, 41, 49, 54, 57, 62, 75, 87, 102, 141, 255, 264; government, 124, 125, 126

Vacarescu, Iancu: 104

Valbudea, Stefan Ionescu: 98

values and traditions: political, 153-154; social, 49, 62-63, 65

Vatican (see also pope): 69, 71

vegetables: 254, 256, 261, 268, 270, 272, 273

vegetation (see also forests and forestry): 36

Vietnam (see also Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam; Republic of Vietnam): 158

villages: 38, 41, 91, 100; justice, 194

Vlachs: 11, 12, 50

Vyshinsky, Andrei: 23

wages (see also income): 88, 149, 260-261, 263-264, 285; prisoners, 208

Walachia: vii, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 43, 47, 254; cultural, 96, 97, 99, 103; history, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 37, 67, 74; population, 41, 54

Warsaw Pact. See Warsaw Treaty Organization

Warsaw Treaty Organization (see also Czechoslovakia): ix, 1, 2, 7, 8, 28, 46, 135, 136, 156, 159, 161, 164, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 203, 211, 212, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227

waterways: ix, 29, 44, 45-46, 48

West Germany. See Federal Republic of Germany

Western nations (see also individual nations): 163, 164, 169, 171, 182; cultural influence (see also France), 91, 93, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 107, 132, 152, 168, 187, 189, 190; economic relations, 8, 25, 27, 158, 168, 229, 230, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 275

wildlife: 32-33

women: viii, 39, 40, 57, 79, 141, 143, 180, 181, 208, 209; labor, 56-57, 58, 264, 283; organizations, 5, 126, 127, 135, 147, 199

working class (see also peasantry): 6, 17, 58, 59-60, 61, 86, 92, 126, 142, 143, 148, 149, 152

World Council of Churches: 72

World War I: 3, 4, 9, 17-18, 32, 37, 40, 74, 212

World War II: 9, 20-21, 32, 33, 37, 40, 41, 54, 72, 113, 226, 277

youth (see also students; Union of Communist Youth): 7, 73, 76, 78, 82, 141, 152, 180, 193, 199-201, 203, 219; organizations, 5, 57, 77, 78, 105, 126, 127, 132, 135, 144, 147, 152, 198, 199, 200, 201, 281

Yugoslavia: 3, 33, 39, 46, 164, 166, 167, 182, 219, 278, 279; border, vii, xiv, 10, 29, 34, 37, 216, 217

Zhivkov, Todor: 166