Part 4 — INDEX.

A

Abipones, 183.

Adair, James, 15, 77, note; 83, 530.

Adams, Prof. Henry, 273.

Adoption, ceremony of, among Iroquois, 81, note.

Age of Stone, of Bronze, and of Iron, 8.

Algonkin tribes, 165.

Alphabet, phonetic, 12. Its invention, 31, note.

Animals, their domestication, 11, 42.

Archon, office of, 261.

Arickarees, 165.

Aristocracy. Its rise, 260. Its future, 549.

Army organization in gentile society, by gentes, by phratries, and by tribes, 237. In Athenian political society by property classes, 265. In Roman by same, 334.

Arts of subsistence, 19. 1. Fruits and Roots, 20. 2. Fish, 21. 3. Farinaceous Food, 22. 4. Meat and Milk, 24. Field Agriculture, 26.

Arrawaks, 182.

Aryan, Family of, 39, 468. System of consanguinity and affinity, 484. Table, 493.

Assembly of the people, 119, 120. Agora of Athenians, 245. Comitia Curiata of the Romans, 315, 340. Comitia Centuriata, 331, 333.

Ashangos, 371.

Athapasco-Apache Tribes, 175.

Australian organization on basis of sex, 50. Classes, 52. Descents, 57, note.

Aztec Confederacy, 186. Of three Nahuatlac tribes, 189. When established, 192. Extent of territorial domination, 193. Population of Valley of Mexico, 195. Of Pueblo, of Mexico, 196, note. Gentes and phratries, 197. Ownership of lands in common, 200. Council of Chiefs, 203. Office of Teuctli, or principal war-chief, 206. Aztec monarchy a fiction, 213.

B

Bachofen, Das Mutterrecht, 348-349, 350, 350, note.

Bandelier, Ad. F., 200, 201, note; 203, note.

Bancroft, H. H., 176.

Barbarism, period of, 42. Inventions and discoveries in Later Period, 32. In Middle Period, 33. In Older Period, 35. Great achievements in this Period, 42.

Basileus, 246. Probably elective, 248. Office without civil functions, 252. Office of Roman Rex elective, 253. Each a general, with the additional functions of a priest and judge, 250. Aristotle’s definition, 251. Early Grecian governments military democracies, 252, 274. Romans under the reges, the same, 253. Office of basileus abolished by the Athenians, 260, 274. Of rex by the Romans, 319.

Basileia, 249. Aristotle’s definition, 256.

Becker, Prof. W. A. Family of ancient Greeks, 475, note. Of Romans, 478, note.

Blackfeet tribes, 171.

Blood revenge, 77, 238.

Bow and arrow; its invention created an epoch, 10. Difficult to invent, 21, note.

Burial place of gens. Usually common among Indian tribes, 83. Of Tuscaroras, 84.

Byington, Rev. Dr. Cyrus, 162.

C

Cameron, Mr. A. S. P., 375.

Categories of relatives: of Hawaiians, 405. Of Chinese, 416. In Timæus of Plato, 417.

Cayugas, gentes, 70. Phratries, 91.

Chief, office of, elective, 72, 145. Head-chief of tribe, 118. Described as a lord, 202. No analogy, ib. Chief of Grecian gens, 261.

Cherokees, 164.

Chickasas, gentes, 163. Phratries, ib.

Choctas, gentes, 161. Phratries, 99.

Civilization, Period of. Its contributions to knowledge, 30, 31.

Cleisthenes. Founder of second great plan of government, 216, 254. His legislation, 270. Institution of Athenian political Society, 270. The Deme, or Township, ib. Local tribe or county, 271. Commonwealth or State, 272. Inhabitants of each an organized self-governing body politic, 270-272.

Coalescence of tribes in a nation, 135, 259.

Confederacy of tribes, 122. Iroquois Confederacy, 126. Its organization and functions, 128. Common gentes, and dialects of a common language its basis, 123. Aztec Confederacy, 186.

Comanches, 177.

Columbia River, Valley of. Seed land of Ganowánian family, 108, note. Its salmon fisheries, bread roots, and game, 109, note.

Comitia Curiata, 315, 340. Centuriata, 331, 333. Tributa, 336.

Consanguine Family, 384, 401.

Consanguinity, Malayan system of, oldest, 385. Turanian and Ganowánian, the second great form, 386. Aryan, Semitic, and Uralian, third great form, 388. Systems natural growths, 393. Two ultimate forms: one classificatory, the other descriptive, 394. Nature of a system of consanguinity, 395. Its permanence, 402, 408. Details of Malayan system, 404. Relatives in categories, 407. Its origin, 410. Details of Ganowánian and Turanian, 435. Origin of system, 422. Aryan system, 485. Its origin, 490.

Communism in living, 446, 453.

Coulanges, M. De. His work, “The Ancient City,” 234, 240, 549.

Council of Chiefs, 119. Iroquois Council invested chiefs with office, 136, 141. Manner of convening, 137, note. Manner of transacting business, 139. Unanimity required, 140. Aztec Council, 203. Grecian Council, 243. Its universality, 244. Roman Comitia, 298. Senate, 307, 315. Comitia Centuriata, 331.

Cox, Prof. Edward F. Analysis of pottery of Mound Builders, 15.

Creeks, 160.

Crees, 167.

Crows, 159.

Curtius, Prof., 348.

Cushing, Mr. N. A., 530, note.

D

Dakota tribes, 154.

Dance. A form of worship among Indian tribes, 116.

Delawares, 101, 171.

Deme, or township of Athenians, 217.

Democracy. Universal in Ancient Society and inherited from the gentes, 73, 253. Liberty, equality, and fraternity cardinal principles of the gens, 85. Athenian Democracy, 253, 270.

Descent in female line when gens is in archaic form, 67. In American Indian tribes, 153-183. In male line, 155-157, 166-169, 171-182. How changed from female line to male, 344. Causes which produced the change in Grecian gentes, 345. In female line among Lycians, 347. Etruscans, 348. Views of Curtius, 348. Of Bachofen, 349. Among Athenians prior to Cecrops, 350. Required to explain certain marriages, 351. Legend of Danaidæ, 354. In female line among Ashiras, Aponos, and Ashangos of Africa, 371. Banyi, 372. Bangalas, 373.

Du Chaillu, 371.

E

Ethnical Periods, 8-13. Advantages of these subdivisions, 16. Their relative length, 38.

Ephoralty of the Spartans, 250.

Eries, 126, note; 149-153.

Etruscans, 279, 348.

F

Family, the, Five successive forms, 384. The consanguine, 384, 401. The punaluan, 384, 424. The syndyasmian or pairing, 384, 453. The patriarchal, 384, 465. The monogamian, 384, 468. First, second, and fifth radical, creating three systems of consanguinity and affinity, 324. Consanguine family, origin of relationship in, 410. Punaluan family, origin of relationship in, 422. Syndyasmian, 453-461. Patriarchal, 465. Monogamian family of ancient Germans, 471; of Homeric Greeks, 472, 475, note; of Romans, 477. Origin of relationship in, 485-490. Sequence of institutions connected with the family, 498.

Freeman, Dr., on the organization of German tribes, 361, note.

Fison, Rev. Lorimer, 14, 51, note; 54, 374, 375, 403.

G

Ganowánian family, its name, 152.

Ganowánian system of consanguinity and affinity, 432, 435. Table, 447.

Gentile organization, 62, 185. Institutions democratical, 212.

Gens of Australian tribes, 51-56, of Iroquois, 62. Founded upon kin, 63. Definition of a gens, 67. Descent in female line, 68. Intermarriage in the gens prohibited, 69. Rights, privileges, and obligations of its members, 71-84. Liberty, equality, and fraternity, its cardinal principles, 85. Grecian gens, 215. Descent in male line, 216. Rights, privileges, and obligations of its members, 222. Unit of the social system, 226. Roman gens, 277. Definition of a gentilis, 283. Descent in male line, 284. Rights, privileges, and obligations of its members, 285. Number of persons in a Roman gens, 299. Gentes in other tribes of mankind, 357-379. Probable origin of the gens, 377.

Gibbs, George, 175, 176.

Government. First plan gentile and social, 6. Organic series, gens, phratry, tribe, and confederacy, with a final coalescence of tribes in a nation, 49, 66. First stage, a government of one power, the council of chiefs; second, of two powers, a council and a military commander; third, of three powers, a council, a general, and an assembly of the people, 119, 120, 257. Second plan territorial and political, 6. Property classes of Solon, 264. Attic Deme or township, 270. Registration in Deme, ib. Local tribe or county, 271. The state, 272. Athenian democracy, 273. No chief executive magistrate, 275. Roman political society, 322. Property classes of Servius Tullius, 331. The centuries, 333. Comitia Centuriata, 333. The census, 336. City wards, 337. Registration in ward of residence, 336. Municipality of Rome, 339. Transition from gentile into political society, 340.

Grote, on Grecian gentes, phratries and tribes, 220-228, 230-232. His view of the early Grecian governments erroneous, 247. His illustration from the Iliad, 248.

H

Hale, Horatio, 127, note; 153, 175.

Hart, Robert. On the hundred families of the Chinese, 364.

Hebrew tribes, 366. Marriages in early period indicate gentes, with descent in the female line, 367. Gentes and phratries in the time of Moses, 368.

Hodenosaunian tribes, 153.

House life, and plan of living among savage and barbarous tribes deserve special study, 399, 446.

/> I

Iowas, 156, 166.

Inventions and discoveries, 29, 45.

Iron, 11. Process of smelting, 43. Ancient side hill furnaces in Switzerland, 43, note.

Iroquois, gentes, 63-70. Phratries, 90-97. Tribes, 102. Confederacy, 122. Sachems of the general council, 150.

J

Jones, C. C., 14, note.

K

Kaskaskias, 107.

Kaws, 106, 156.

Keepers of the faith in the Iroquois, 82.

Kennicott, Robert, 175.

Kikapoos, 170.

Kolushes, 175.

L

Lagunas, 180.

Lands owned in common among Indian tribes in Lower Status of barbarism, 151-174. With a possessory right in individuals to occupied lands, 530. In common by Aztec gentes probably, 200. By Roman gentes, 290, 292, note, 541. Some by phratries and tribes, 292.

Latham, R. G., 362, 364, 371.

Language, growth of, 5. Question of its origin, 36, note.

Lockwood, Charles G. N., 375.

Locrians, hundred families of, 350.

Lycians, descent in female line, 347, 348.

Lubbock, Sir John, 14, 183, 364.

M

Magars of Nepaul, 362.

Maine, Sir Henry, 227. On Celtic groups of kinsmen on French estates, 358. His original researches, 507.

Malayan system of consanguinity and affinity, its origin, 410.

McLennan, Mr J. F., 362, 409. Note concerning his work on “Primitive Marriage,” 509-521.

Mandans, 158.

Marriage, Australian scheme, 53, 57. Hebrew, 410. Consanguine, 401. Punaluan, 424. Syndyasmian, 453. Monogamian, 468.

Menominees, 170.

Metals, native, 44.

Minnitarees, 158.

Miamis, 107, 168.

Mississippi tribes, 168.

Missouri tribes, 155.

Mohegan gentes, 173. Phratries, 174.

Mohawks, 125.

Mommsen, Theodor, on domestication of animals, 23. Family names, 78. On introduction of agriculture, 277, note. Roman gens, 281. On gentile and tribal lands, 291.

Montezuma, principal war-chief of Aztec Confederacy, 206, 207. Tenure and functions of the office, note. His seizure of Cortes, 211, note. His deposition by the Aztecs, 211.

Monogamian Family, 384, 468.

Monarchy incompatible with gentilism, 124, 252.

Moqui Village Indians, 86, 179.

Müller, Max, 23.

Munsees, 173.

N

Names of members of a gens, 78. How bestowed, 79. The name conferred gentile rights, ib.

Nation formed by coalescence of tribes, 135, 242, 259.

Neutral nation, 149, 153.

Naucraries of Athenians, 262.

Niebuhr, on Roman and Grecian gentile questions, 23, 281, 287, 292, note, 295, 298, 305, 313, 315, 325.

O

Ojibwas, 106, 166.

Omahas, 106, 155.

Oneidas, 70.

Onondagas, gentes, 70. Phratries, 91.

Osages, 106.

Osborn, Rev. John, Rotuman system of consanguinity, 403, note; 419.

Otawas, 167. Otawa Confederacy, 106.

Otoes, 106, 156.

P

Parkman, Francis, 153, note.

Patriarchal Family, 384, 465, 480.

Patricians, Roman, 326, 330.

Pawnees, 164.

Peorias, 107.

Peschel, Oscar, 14, 413.

Phratry, its character, 89. Of Iroquois, 90. Its functions, 94-97. Phratric organization in American Indian tribes, 90 et seq. Of Athenians, 220. Obês of Spartans, 219. Definition of Dikæarchus, 236. Objects of phratry, 237. Uses in army organization, 287. Phratriarch, 240. Blood revenge, 238. Roman curia a phratry, 303. Its composition and functions, 304, 305.

Piankeshaws, 107.

Plebeians, persons unconnected with any gens, 266. Unattached class, at Athens, 267. Made citizens by Solon, 268. Roman plebeians, 324, 325.

Potawattamies, 166, 167.

Property, growth of, 6. Its inheritance. First Rule: In American Indian tribes, 75, 153, 185, 528, 530; in Status of savagery, 526; in Lower Status of barbarism, 528. Second Rule, 531: Property in Middle Status, 540; in Upper Status, ib. Third Rule, 544: Hebrew inheritance, 545, 547; daughters of Zelophehad, 546; Athenian inheritance, 548; Roman, 550; property career of civilized nations, 522.

Polyandry, 409.

Polygyny, 404.

Political society, 218. Institution of Athenian, 256. Experiments of Theseus, 258, 259. Draco, 263. Legislation of Solon, 264. Property classes, ib. Organization of army, 265. Legislation of Cleisthenes, 270. Attic deme or township, ib. Inhabitants of each a body politic, with powers of local self-government, 271. Local tribe or county, ib. The Athenian Commonwealth or State, 272. Government founded upon territory and upon property, ib. Powers of gentes, phratries, and tribes transferred to the demes, counties, or state, 272, 274. No chief executive magistrate, 275. Institution of Roman political society, 323-342.

Pottery, 13, 15, 16.

Punaluan Family, 384, 424. Of Hawaiians, 427. Of Britons, 429. Other tribes, 430, 431.

Punkas, 106, 155.

Powell, Maj. J. W., 536, 537.

Q

Quappas, 106.

R

Ratio of human progress, 29. Geometrical, 38.

Raw, Prof. Charles, 14, note.

Religious ideas, growth of, 5. Religious rites, 81, 222, 289. Faith and worship of American Indian tribes, 115.

Roman tribe, 314. State, 319, 331.

Rome, founding of, 278, 309, 310, 312.

S

Sachem, 71. Elective tenure of the office, 72. Iroquois mode of electing and investing sachems, 141, 144. Aztec sachems, 202.

Salish, Sahaptin, and Kootenay tribes, 177.

Savagery, its contributions to knowledge, 36. Formative period of mankind, 41. American aborigines commenced their career in America in savagery, 40.

Sawks and Foxes, 170.

Schoolcraft, Henry R., on the word “totem,” 165.

Scottish Clan, 357.

Semitic family, 39.

Senecas, gentes, 70. Phratries, 90. Medicine Lodges, 97.

Sequence of institutions connected with the family, 498.

Shawnees, 168.

Shoshones, 177.

Society, gentile and political. See “Government,” and “Political Society.”

South American Indian tribes, 182.

Subsistence, Arts of, 19. Fish and game, 26. Farinaceous food, 22, 26. Meat and milk, 24. Made unlimited by field agriculture, 26.

Syndyasmian family, 384, 453.

T

Taplin, Rev. George, 374.

Thlinkeets, gentes, 101, 176. Phratries, 101.

Thums, or gentes of Magars of Nepaul, 362.

Totem. The symbol of a gens; thus, the figure of a wolf is the totem of the wolf gens, 165.

Tribe, Indian. Definition of, 103. Natural growth through segmentation, 104, 125. Attributes of an American Indian tribe, 112, 116. Athenian tribe, 241. Roman tribe, 302, 311.

Turanian system of consanguinity and affinity, 435. Its origin, 422, 445. Remains of system in Grecian and Roman tribes, 482.

Tuscaroras, gentes, 70. Phratries, 93. Burial-place, 84.

Tylor, Mr. Edward B., 13, 14, 182. On the clans of tribes in India, 364.

U

Upper Missouri tribes, 158.

V

Valley of Columbia, seed land of Ganowánian family, 109, and note.

Village Indians, 151, 178.

W

Wampum, belts of, their use, 139, 142.

War-chief, germ of the office of a chief executive Magistrate, King, Emperor, and President, 129, 146. Principal war-chiefs of Iroquois, 146. Office elective, ib. Of Aztecs, 207. Office of Teuctli elective, 210. Basileus of Grecian tribes, 246. Probably elective, ib. Rex of Roman tribes, 300. Nominated by the Senate, and elected by the Comitia Curiata, ib.

Weaws, 107.

Winnebagoes, 157.

Wright, Rev. Ashur, 83, 455.

Wyandotes, 153.

Z

Zuñi Village Indians, 178.

Transcriber's note: The book cover image displayed by some versions of this file was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.