INDEX.

Advances in other sciences, 153 Ægidius, 077 Æsclepiadæ, 011 Æsculapius, 007 Ætius, 049 Age of foundation, 012 Age of renovation, 012 Age of transition, 012 Agnew, D. Hayes, 295 Akenside, 213 Albiuus, 164 Albucassis, 063 Alchemists and charlatans, the, 187 Alchemy, 141 Alexander of Tralles, 050 Alexandria, library of, 031 school of, 032 Alkindus, 060 Ambulant physicians, 017 Amendment in medical affairs, 151 American teaching of to-dav, 298 Amphitheatres, dissecting, 111 Amussat, 269 Anæsthesia, history of, 300 Anatomic period, 012, 030 Anatomy and physiology of Galen, 039 Anatomy, chairs of, 111 Andral, 245 Andry, 177 Anel, 215 Animalculists, 183 Animism, 196 Animists, 183 Antiseptics, history of, 317 Antyllus, 051 Arabic period, 012, 057 review of the, 097 Archiaters, 053 Aretæus, 034 Argentier, John, 0146 Aristotle, 028 Arlt, 253 Arnold de Villeneuve, 088 Asclepiades of Bytlunia, 044 Aselli, 160 Astrology, 141 Astruc, 138, 214 Aubrey, 183 Auscultation, 262 Avenbrugger, Leopold, 210 Avenzoar, 064 Averroës, 064 Avicenna, 061

Bache, Franklin, 287 Baclitischua, 059 Bacon, Lord, 153 Bacon, Roger, 068 Baglivi, 162, 172 Baillie, 213, 224 Barba, 165 Barthez, 201 Bartholin, 161, 184 Barton, John Rhea, 293 Baseilliac, 214 Bayle, 245 Bell, Benjamin, 219 Bell, John, 219 Bell, Sir Charles, 219, 274 Bellini, 172 Benivieni, 114 Bernard, Claude. 247 Bernard the Provincial, 077 Bhang, 301 Bichat, 160, 162, 164, 208 Bienaise, 177 Bigelow, Henry J., 295 Bilguer, 215 Billroth, Theodor, 264 Blumenbach, 222 Boerhaave, 193 influence of, 168 Boerhaave's, clinics, 167 system of medicine, 194 theory of inflammation, 164 Bonnet, 270 Bordeu, 201 Borelli, 160, 172 Borri, 176 Botal, Leonard, 146 Boucliut, 259 Boyer, 267 Boylston, Dr., 279 Bouillaud, 244 Boulot, 177 Bourgeois, Louise, 166 Braid, Dr. James, 204 Braidism, 204 Brainard, Daniel, 295 Brasdor, 214 Brigham, 290 Brisseau, 178 Brissot, practice of bleeding by, 118 British surgeons, modern, 275 Brodie, Sir Benjamin, 273 Bronssais, 243 Brown, Dr. John, 200 Browne, Sir Thomas, 175 Brunner, 183 Brunonian doctrine, 205 Buck, Gurdon, 293 Bumstead, Freeman J., 289 Burking, 231

Cabalistic theory, 141 Cæsareau operation, 134 Camper, Peter, 219 Cardan, Jerome, 142 Cardinal powder, 165 Carion, Stellwag von, 253 Casserius, 162 Cataract, 178 Cathedral medical schools, 089 Cell, the term, 153 Cellular pathology, 256 Celsus, Cornelius, 036 Cesalpinus, 155 Chamberlain's obstetric forceps, 166 Chapman, Nathaniel, 286 Charitable institutions, ancient, 055 Chemical system of medicine, 169 Cheselden, 216 Cheyne, John, 248 Chinese, medicine of the, 005 Chiron, 007 Chloroform, discovery of, 303 Simpson's introduction, 313 Chopart, 314 Circulation, capillary, discovery of, 158 discovery of the, 155, 160 lesser, 112 failure to discover the, 113 Civiale, 269 Clark, Alonzo, 288 Classification of the history of medicine, 012 Clinical teaching, earliest systematic, 167 Cloquet, 269 Cnidus, Temple of Æsculapius at, 009 Cocaine, 314 Coction, doctrine of, 024 Colics, Abram, 248 Collot family of lithotomists, 177 Colonial physicians, 276 Columbus, 107, 155 Compass, invention of the, 099 Constantine the African, 074 Contrastimolo, 210 Cooper, Bransby, 273 Samuel, 273 Sir Astley, 271 Cornelius Agrippa, 139 Corpuscles of the blood, 158 Corvisart, 168 Cos, 019 Temple of Æsculapius at, 009 Cosmogony, Greek, 013 Countess's powder, 165 Cowper, 158, 182, 183 Cox, John R., 286 Crisis, doctrine of, 025 Cruveilhier, 245 Cullen, William, 198 Currie, 229 Czermak, 253

Dalton, John C., 288 Darwin, Charles, 237 Erasmus, 202 Daviel, 215 De Graaf, 183 De Haën, 200 De la Marche, Marguerite, 182 Delafield, Edward, 290 De Launay, 177 Delamotte, 166, 182 Delpech, 268 De Marque, 177 Denis, Jean Baptiste, 176 Denman, Thomas, 220 Dental surgery, the first college of, 341 Dentistry, ancient and mediaeval, 332 as a specialty of medicine, 337 in America, 341 of prehistoric times, 331 relation of, to modern surgical pathology, 340 Desault, P. J., 214, 267 Devanter, 166 Dewees, William P., 288 Diagnosis, exact methods in, 263 Dionis, Pierre, 177 Dissection, ceremonials previous to, 149 difficulties attending, 103 of human bodies, 32 Doctor's mob in New York, 284 Dodart, 172

Eberle, John, 286 Eclectics, 014, 046 Embalming, 003 Empedocles, 017 Empirics, 014 Engraving, 100 Engravings, first anatomical, 112 Epidanrus, Temple of Æsculapius at, 010 Erasistratus, 034 Erudite period, 013 Esquirol, 228 Ether, sulphuric, as an anæsthetic, 302 Eustachius, 107 Eve, Paul F., 291

Fabre, 164 Fabricius ab Aquapeiulente, 109 Fabricius Hildanus, 110, 178 Fallopius, 109 Faust, 100 Fermentation, the causes of, 319 Fernel, Jean, 115 Fidelis, on legal medicine, 167 Filkin, 217 First hospitals in United States, 283 First medical schools in the United States, 281 Flint, Austin, 288 Fothergill, John, 212 Francis, John W., 286 Frank, J. P., 212 Frère Come, 214 Frère Jacques, 177 Frick, 290 Fuchs, 253 Functions of the spinal nerves, discovery of the, 248

Gaddesden, John, 087 Galen, anatomy and physiology of, 039 Galen, Claudius, 036 Galen's, influence, 043 theories, 039 Gardiner, 199 Garengeot, 213 Gaub, 195 Gerard of Cremona, 090 Gerdy, 270 Germicides, internal use of, 329 Germ-theory of disease, 259 what it means, 323 Gibson, William, 263 Gilbert, of England, 087 Gimbernat, 215 Glisson, 163, 183 Goerter, 163 Goode, John Mason, 247 Goodwin, 160 Goursaud, 177 Graves, Robert, 248 Gray, John P., 290 Greece, medicine of, 016 Greek period, 012, 049 Gregory, 199 Griesinger, 254 Gross, Samuel P., 294 Guillemeau, Jacob, 131 Gunn, Moses, 295 Guthrie, 273 Guttenberg, 100 Guy de Chauliac, 093 Gymnasia, the, 018 Gymnasiarch, 018 Gymnast, 018

Hahn, 229 Hahnemann, 241 Haller, 160, 162, 163, 220 Ilaly-Abbas, 061 Hamilton, Frank H., 293 Harvey, Gideon, 175 J. William, 155 Hasheesh, 301 Hasner, 253 Havers, 183 Heberden, 212 Hebra, 253 Hebrews, medicine of the, 003 Heister, 215 Helvetius, 160 Henle, 254 Henri de Mondeville, 088 Herophilus, 033 Hessenfratz, 160 Heurne, Otto de, bedside instruction by, 167 Hewson, 161 Hiera sacra, 003 Highmore, 183 Hippocrates, 019 Hirudinomania, 244 Hoboken, 183 Hodgen, John T., 294 Hoffmann, Christopher Ludwig, 200 Hoffmann, Friedrich, 197 Hoffmann's dynamic system, 197 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 290 Home, Sir Everard, 224 Homoeopathy, 241 Horner, W. E., 287 Hospitals and clinics, 231 Howard, John, 212 Hufeland, 240 Humanization of vaccine-virus, 228 Hunter, John, 164, 218 William, 218 Hunters' study of the lymphatic system, the, 161 Huxham, John, 212 Hydrotlierapeutic system, 255 Hydrotherapy, 229

Iatrocliemical system, 169 Iatroliptes, 018 Iatromechanical school, 171 Infarctus, doctrine of, 201 Influence, of botany on medicine, 237 of chemistry on medicine, 238 of Darwin and Spencer on medicine, 237 of Harvey's discovery, 159 of physics on medicine, 238 of the art of printing, 100 of the French Revolution, 191 of the Northern invaders, 071 of the occult sciences, 139 of the Salernian school, 081 of zoology on medicine, 238 Inoculation, against small-pox, in America, 279 Inoculation, preventive, against smallpox, 225 with cow-pox, the first, 226 Irritability of tissues, discovery of, 163 Isopathy, 241

Jackson, Charles T., 310 Jacobus Sylvius, 103 Jager, 253 Jaxtthal, 253 Jenner, Edward, 226 Jesuit powder, 165 Jews, prejudice against the, 233 John Actuarius, 066 John of Procida, 079 Joubert's Popular Errors, 147

Kampf, 201 Kepler, 162 Keyes, 289 Kirkbride, 290

Laennec, 262 Lamballe, Joubert de, 270 Lancisi's clinic, 168 Lanfranc, 091 Langenbeck, Bernhard von, 264 Larrey, 267 Lavoisier, 160, 191 Lawrence, Sir William, 274 Le Boe, 167, 169 Le Cat, 214 Le Dran, 213 Léonicenus, Nicholas, 101 Lettsom, 213 Leuwenhoek, 158 Levret's modification of obstetrical forceps, 166 Ligatures, first use of, in amputations, 127 Linacre, Thomas, 101 Linnæus, 191 Lisfrauc, 269 Lister, 261 Lister's, studies and methods, 325 work, benefits of, 327 Liston, Robert, 274 Lithotomy, lateral, inventor of, 177 Lizars, John, 271 Long, Crawford, 301 Lorry, 228 Louis, 216 Lymph, diseovery of the circulation of, 158

Machaon, 010 McClellan, George. 293 Me Dowell, Ephraim, 267, 292 Magati, 176 Magendie. 216 Magie, 111 Magnetism, animal, 203 Maimonides, 065 Maitre, Jean, 178 Malgaigne, 270 Malpighi, 158 Mandragora, 301 Marcellus Donatus, 115 March, Alden. 295 Marchetti, 158, 176 Mareschal, Georges, 178 Marinus, 042 Marjoliu, 269 Mascagni, 161 Mauriceau, 166, 182 Mauthner, 253 Mayow, 160 Mead, Richard, 213 Meclianico-dynamic system of medicine, 197 Meckel, 162 Medical, journals in the United States, first, 285 jurisprudence, beginning of, 166 school of the natural sciences, 258 study under preceptors, 277 systems, promulgation of, 152 Medici puri, pretensions of, 189 Medicine, and surgery, approach of, 147 dogmatic school of, 013 Imperial school of, at Pekin, 006 physiological theory of, 243 of priesthood from, 147 Meiboni, 184 Meigs, John Forsyth, 289 Melainpus, 006 Mesmer, Frank, 203 Mesmerism, 203 Mesue, 060 Methodism, 013, 045 Microscope, 100 Midwifery during the seventeenth century, 182 Midwives, 165 Mondino, 092 Monro, Alexander, Sr., 216 Alexander, second and third, 216 Donald, 216 Monroes, the two, 164 Montpellier, the school of, 086 Morarnl, 213 Morel, 176 Morgagni, 224 Morton, Richard, 175 William T. G., 306 Mott, Valentine, 293 Muller, 222 Munich Clinical School, 258 Muralt, 180 Mutter, Thomas D., 293 Mystic period, 012

Natural history, the school of, 219 Natural philosophy, the school of, 249 Needham, 183 Nélaton, 270 Nepenthe, 301 New Vienna School, 250 Nitrous-oxide gas, 303 Nominalist, 069 Nuck, 183

Obstetrical forceps, invention of the, 166 Obstetricians and gynaecologists, American, 295 Obstetrics, development of, 166 Oken, 249 Ophthalmoscope, 263 Oppolzer, 253 Oribasins, 048 Orthopaedics, origin of name, 177 Ovariotomy, the first, 267

Pacchioni, 183 Palfyn's obstetrical forceps, 166 Paracelsus, 143 Paré, Ambroise, 123 Paré and the surgeons of St. Come, 131 Park, Henry, 217 Parker, Willard, 293 Paulas Ægineta, 051 Pecquet, 161 Percussion, invention of the art of, 210 Pergamos, library of, 030 Periodic physicians, 017 Peruvian bark, discovery of, 164 Petit, J. L., 213 Pen, 166 Peyer, 183 Peyronie, 213 Pfeufer, 254 Pharmacopolists, 054 Philosophic period, 012, 018 Phrenology, 163, 242 Physical examination, methods of, 263 Physick, Philip S., 291 Physiological medicine, 253 Pinel, 163, 196, 206, 228 Piorry, 262 Pitard, John, 092 Plater, Felix, 118 Plato, 027 Pleximeter, 263 Podalirius, 010 Porta, Giovanni Batista, 118 Portal, 223 Paul, 166, 182 Pott, Percival, 217 Pravaz, 269 Praxagoras, 027 Priessnitz, 255 Primitive period, 012 Pringle, Sir John, 212 Ptolemy Soter, 031 Purkinje, 222 Purmann, 180 Pythagoras, 015

Quesnay, 173, 214 Quintus, 042

Radcliffe, 213 Rademacher, 254 Rapid multiplication of scientific literature, 239 Rasori, 240 Rau, 180 Ray, Isaac, 290 Raymond Lulli, 087 Realism, 206 Realist, 069 Receptaculum chyli, discovery of, 161 Reflex action, discovery of, 248 Reform period, 013 Regulation of practice in colonial times, 285 Reil, 202 Religious orders and the sick, 095 Rembert Dodoens, 115 Reuss, 253 Rhazes, 060 Rhinoplasty, 176 Rhodes, Temple of Æsculapius at, 008 Richerand, 267 Richter, August Gottlieb, 216 Riolan, 128 Rivinius, 183 Rodger, J. K., 293 Roeschlaub, 240 Roger of Parma, 078 Roland of Parma, 078 Rolfink, 188 Rome during the Greek period, 053 Rokitansky, 250 Roser, 253 Rousset and the Cæsarean operation, 134 Roux, 269 Rufus of Ephesus, 042 Rush, Benjamin, 206, 283 Ruysch, 158

Sabatier, 214 Sacred period, 012 Salernum, school of, 072 Sandifort, 219 Sands, Henry B., 293 Sanson, 269 Santoro, 171 Santoro's thermometer, 171 Sauvage, 196 Saviard, 177 Scalpel, first use of, in dissecting, 112 Scarpa, 162, 215 Schaf hausen, 183 Schneider, 162, 184 School of rational medicine, 254 Scientific societies and journals, origin of, 151 Scultetus, 180 Seminalism, 259 Serapion, 060 Servetus, Michael, 112, 155 Severino, 119, 176 Shoeffer, 100 Shot wounds, the new teaching of Paré concerning, 132 Siegemundin, Justine, 182 Sigmund, 253 Simpson, Sir James Y., 274 Sims, J. Marion, 296 Skoda, 251 Smellie, William, 220 Smellie's modification of the obstetrical forceps, 166 Smith, Nathan R., 292 Societies and academies, foundation of, 235 Soemmering, 162, 222 Sol id ism, 198 Spontaneous generation of life disproven, 321 St. Come, College of, 92, 122 Stahl, 195 Stahl's pietistic system, 195 Steno, Nicholas, 159 Steno's duct, 159 Stethoscope, 262 Stimolo and contrastimolo, 240 Stoerck, 200 Stokes, William, 248 Stoll, 200 Student-life during the 15th and 16th centuries, 148 Surgery, achievements of, 263 reasons for neglect of, 120 Swammerdam, 153, 183 Sydenham, 152, 165, 173 Sylvius, 167 Syme, James, 274 Syphilis, wide-spread outbreak of, 136 Teeth, substitutes for human, 335 Telescope, invention of the, 099 Tenon, 215 Thaer, 199 Themison, 011 Theory of excitement, 210 Theosophy, 111 Thermometer, discovery of the, 171 Thoth, 002 Tourniquet, invention of, 176 Tourniquet, screw, invention of, 213 Transfusion of blood in man, the first, 176 Travers, Benjamin, 248, 273 Treatment of the insane, improvement in, 228 Troja, 228 Trotula, 079 Trousseau, 247 Türck, 253 Tyrrel, 273

Universities and royal scientific societies, 192 Vaccination, compulsory, 228 in the United States, the first, 279 the first, 227 Vagadasastir, 004 Valsalva, 176 Van Buren, William H., 289 Van Helmont, 168 Van Helmont's svstem of medicine, 168 Van Siebold, 216 Van Swieten, 168 Van Swieten and the Old Vienna School, 199 Velpeau, 270 Venesection, first account of, 010 revival of, 118 Verulam, Lord, 153 Vesalius, Andreas, 104 Vicq d'Azvr, 162, 164, 223 Vidal, 269 Vieussens, 162, 186 Virchow, Rudolph, 255 Vitalism, 201 modern, 255

Wainman, 217 Warren, John Collins, 291 Waterhouse, Dr., 279 Wells, Horace, 305 Werlhof, 211 Wharton, 183 White, Anthony, 216 Charles, 216 Wiehman, 211 William of Salicet, 091 Willis, Thomas, 163, 170 Winslow, 164, 223 Winternitz, 255 Wirsnng, 183 Wiseman, Richard, 180 Wistar. Caspar, 286 Wolf, 222 Wood, George R, 287 Wren, Sir Christopher. 182 Wunderlich, 250, 254

Zeissel, 253