INDEX

Acetaldehyde 405 Acetic acid 406 Acetone 411 Acetylene 203 series 399 Acids 106 binary 113 characteristics 106 definition 107 dibasic 159 familiar 106 monobasic 159 nomenclature 113 organic 405 preparation 141 strength 111 ternary 113 undissociated 107 Acker furnace, 279 Agate 260 Air 83 a mechanical mixture 89 carbon dioxide in 87 changes in composition 87 liquid 91 nitrogen in 87 oxygen in 85 poisonous effects of exhaled 88 properties 90 quantitative analysis of 85 regarded as an element 83 standard for density 229 water vapor in 87 Alabaster 308 Alchemists 9 Alchemy 9 Alcohol, common 402 denatured 404 ethyl 402 methyl 402 wood 402 Alcohols 401 Aldehydes 405 Alizarin 418 Alkali 107, 274 family 274 Alkaline-earth family 300 Alkaloids 418 Allotropic forms 22 Alloys 252 Alum 333 ammonium 334 ammonium chrome 384 ammonium iron 352 baking powders 335 potassium 333 potassium chrome 384 potassium iron 352 Aluminates 332 Aluminium 327 bronze 330, 359 chloride 333 family 327 hydroxide 332 metallurgy 328 occurrence 327 oxide 331 preparation 328 properties 329 silicates 335 uses 330 Amalgam 362 Amethyst 260, 331 Ammonia 123 composition 127 preparation 123 properties 124 uses 125 Ammonium 126 acid carbonate 295 carbonate 295 chloride 294 compounds 294 Ammonium hydrosulphide 296 hydroxide 126 molybdate 388 oxalate 407 sulphate 295 sulphide 295 sulphide, yellow 296 Analysis 40 Anhydride 135 carbonic 206 chromic 387 nitric 135 nitrous 135 phosphoric 243 sulphuric 153 Anhydrite 288 Aniline 417 Anion 106 Anode 99 Anthracene 418 Antimony 250 acids 251 alloys 253 chloride 252 metallic properties 252 occurrence 251 oxides 251 preparation 251 properties 251 sulphides 251 Apatite 175, 239, 311 Aqua ammonia 124 Aqua regia 185 Aqueous tension 25 Argon 80 Arsenic 246 acids 250 antidote 250 Marsh's test 248 occurrence 246 oxides 249 preparation 246 properties 247 sulphides 250 white 249 Arsenopyrites 246 Arsine 247 Asbestos 321, 336 Atmosphere 83 constituents 83 function of constituents 84 Atomic hypothesis 61 theory 59 and laws of matter 63 and radium 314 weights, 65 accurate determination 231 and general properties 167 and specific heats 233 calculation of 231 Dalton's method 223 direct determination 233 from molecular weights 230 relation to equivalent 224 standard for 66 steps in determining 224 Atoms 62 size 65 Atropine 419 Aurates 396 Avogadro's hypothesis 226 and chemical calculations 235 and molecular weights 227 Azote 78 Azurite 357 Babbitt metal 253 Bacteria 85 decomposition of organic matter by 122 nitrifying 85 Baking powders 285, 408 alum 335 soda 285 Barium 312 chloride 313 nitrate 313 oxides 312 sulphate 313 Barytes 312 Bases 107 characteristics 107 definition 108 familiar 107 nomenclature 113 organic 412 strength 113 undissociated 108 Basic lining process 346 Bauxite 332 Beer 404 Benzene 417 derivatives 417 series 399 Benzine 400 Bessemer process 345 Bismuth 253 basic salts 255 chloride 253 nitrate 253 occurrence 253 oxides 254 preparation 253 salts, hydrolysis of 254 subnitrate 256 uses 253 Bismuthyl chloride 256 Blast furnace 341 lamp 38 Bleaching powder 306 Bleaching by chlorine 181 by sulphurous acid 152 Boiler scale 320 Bone ash 311 Bone black 200 Borax 265 bead 266 Bornite 357 Boron 257, 264 acids 265 fluoride 264 hydride 264 occurrence 264 oxides 264 preparation 264 properties 264 Brass 323 Bread making 416 Bromides 190 Bromine 187 occurrence 187 oxygen compounds 190 preparation 187 properties 188 Bronze 359 aluminium 330, 359 Butter fat 410 Butyric acid 407 By-product 284 Cadmium 325 compounds 326 Cæsium 294 Calamine 321 Calcite 305 Calcium 301 carbide 203, 310 carbonate 305 chloride 306 fluoride 308 hydroxide 303 occurrence 301 oxide 302 phosphate 246, 311 preparation 302 sulphate 308 Calomel 363 Calorie 76 Caramel 414 Carbohydrates 413 Carbolic acid 417 Carbon 196 allotropic forms 196 amorphous 198 compounds 196 crystalline forms 197 cycle in nature 88 dioxide 204 and bases 206 and plant life 88 in air 87 occurrence 204 preparation 204 properties 204 solid 204 disulphide 160, 210 family 196 hydrogen compounds 201 monoxide 208 occurrence 196 oxides 203 properties 200 pure 198 retort 199 uses 200 Carbonates 207 acid 207 Carbonic acid 206 Carborundum 259 Carnallite 288 Casein 414 Cassiterite 370 Catalysis 153 Catalyzers 153 Cathode 99 Cation 106 Caustic potash 288 soda 278 Celestite 312 Celluloid 415 Cellulose 415 Cement 304 Ceramic industries 336 Cerium 377 Chalcedony 260 Chalcocite 357 Chalcopyrite 357 Chalk 305 Chamber acid 157 Changes, physical and chemical 2 Charcoal 199 Chemical affinity 12 changes 2 compounds 7 equilibrium 128 properties 3 Chemistry, definition 4 Chili saltpeter 191, 285 Chinaware 336 Chloric acid 187 Chlorides 186 Chlorine 177 bleaching action 181 chemical properties 180 family 174 historical 177 occurrence 178 oxides 187 oxygen acids 187 preparation 178 properties 179 Chloroform 401 Chloroplatinic acid 393 Chlorous acid 187 Chromates 385 Chrome alum 384 Chromic acid 388 anhydride 387 chloride 383 hydroxide 383 sulphate 384 sulphide 384 Chromite 383 Chromium 383 a base-forming element 383 an acid-forming element 385 occurrence 383 Cinnabar 363 Citric acid 408 Clay 336 Coal 199 gas 217 products 400 tar 218 Cobalt 354 compounds 354 Cocaine 419 Coke 199 Collodion 415 Colemanite 265 Combining weights 225 Combustion 17 broad sense 20 in air 19 phlogiston theory 19 products 18 spontaneous 20 supporters 213 Compounds, chemical 7 isomeric 414 of metals, preparation 265 structure of 118 Conservation of energy 4 of matter 5 Contact process 154 Converter, Bessemer 345 Copper 357 acetate 407 alloys of 359 family 356 hydroxide 360 metallurgy 357 occurrence 357 ores 357 oxide 360 properties 358 refining 358 sulphate 361 sulphide 361 uses 359 Copperas 350 Coral 305 Corrosive sublimate 363 Corundum 331 Cream of tartar 408 Crocoisite 383 Cryolite 175, 328 Crystallization 98 water of 54, 75 Crystallography 161 Crystals 161 axes of 161 systems 162 Cupric compounds 360 Cuprite 360 Cuprous compounds 360 chloride 360 oxide 360 Cyanides 210 solutions are alkaline 210 Dalton's atomic hypothesis 61 Decay 21 Decomposition of organic matter 122 Decrepitation 55 Deliquescence 55 Density of gases 230 Desiccating agents 55 Developers 367 Dewar bulb 91 Dextrose 414 Diamond 197 Dichromates 385 Dichromic acid 385 Dimorphous substances 163 Dissociation 99 and boiling point 101 and freezing point 101 equations of 112 extent of 113 Distillation 50 Dogtooth spar 306 Dolomite 319 Double decomposition 71 Drummond light 38 Dyeing 333 Dynamite 409 Earth metals 327 Efflorescence 54 Electric furnace 221 Electro-chemical industries 269 Electrode 99 Electrolysis 99 of sodium chloride 102 of sodium sulphate 103 of water 41, 102 Electrolytes 99 Electrolytic dissociation 99 Electroplating 366 Electrotyping 359 Elements, definition 8 atomic weights 232 earlier classification 165 names 11 natural groups 165 number of 9 occurrence 10 periodic division 166 physical state 10 symbols of 11 Emery 331 Energy 4 and plant life 89 chemical 5 conservation of 4 transformation of 5 Enzyme 405 Epsom salts 320 Equations 68 are quantitative 72 knowledge requisite for 69 not algebraic 74 reading of 69 Equilibrium 138 chemical 138 in solution 139 point of 138 Equivalent 224 determination of 224 elements with more than one 225 relation to atomic weight 224 Etching 177 Ether 411 Ethereal salts 409 Ethers 411 Ethylamine 412 Ethylene series 399 Eudiometer 43 Evaporation 11 Families in periodic groups 170 triads 165 Family resemblances 170 Fats 409 Fatty acid series 405 Feldspar 261, 335 Fermentation 404 acetic 406 alcoholic 404, 405 lactic 414 Ferric chloride 352 hydroxide 352 salts 351 reduction 353 sulphate 352 Ferrochromium, 383 Ferromanganese 343 Ferrosilicon 259 Ferrous carbonate 351 salts 350 oxidation of 353 sulphate 350 sulphide 350 Fertilizers 245 Filtration 6, 51 beds 52 Fire damp 202 Flames 213 appearance 214 blowpipe 216 Bunsen 214 conditions for 213 hydrogen 34 luminosity 216 oxidizing 214 oxyhydrogen 37 reactions 296 reducing 214 structure 214 Flash lights 317 Flint 260 Fluorides 177 Fluorine 175 Fluorspar 175, 308 Fluosilicic acid 259 Flux 340 Fool's gold 351 Formaldehyde 405 Formalin 405 Formic acid 406 Formulas 68 how determined 234 structural 119 Fractional distillation 51 Franklinite 321 Fuels 220 Furnace, arc 221 electric 221 resistance 221 Fusion methods 271 Galena 373 Gallium 327 Galvanized iron 323 Gas, collection of 15 coal 217 fuel 217 illuminating 217 measurement of 23 natural 219 purification of 218 water 219 Gases, table 220 Gasoline 400 German silver 323, 359 Germanium 370 Germs, effect of cold on 53 in air 84 in water 52 Glass 262 coloring of 263 etching of 177 molding of 263 nature of 263 varieties 263 Glauber's salt 281 Glazing 336 Glucose 414 Glycerin 405 nitrates of 409 Gold 393 alloys 396 chloride 396 coin 359 extraction of 394 in copper 358 mining 394 occurrence 393 properties 396 refining of 395 telluride 394 Goldschmidt method 269, 330 Gram-molecular weight 236 Granite 336 Graphite 198 Gun cotton 415 metal 359 powder 292 Gypsite 308 Gypsum 308 Halogens 174 Hard water 309 Heat of reaction 75 Helium 80, 314 Hematite 339, 349 Homologous series 398 Hydriodic acid 193 Hydrobromic acid 189 Hydrocarbons 201, 398 properties 400 series 398 substitution products 401 Hydrochloric acid 182 composition 183 oxidation of 185 preparation 182 properties 184 salts 186 Hydrocyanic acid 210 Hydrofluoric acid 176 etching by 177 salts of 177 Hydrogen 28 dioxide 56 explosive with oxygen 35 occurrence 28 preparation from acids 30 preparation from water 28 properties 32 standard for atomic weights 66 standard for molecular weights 227 sulphide 146 uses 38 Hydrolysis 254 conditions affecting 255 partial 255 Hydrosulphuric acid 146 Hydroxyl radical 112 Hypochlorous acid 187 Hypothesis 61 Avogadro's 226 Dalton's 61 Ice manufacture 125 Iceland spar 305 Indigo 418 Indium 327 Insoluble compounds 272 Iodic acid 194 Iodides 193 Iodine 190 oxygen compounds 193 preparation 191 properties 192 tincture 192 Iodoform 192, 401 Ions 100 and electrolytes 104 Iridium 393 Iron 339 alum 352 cast 343 compounds 349 cyanides 352 disulphide 351 family 338 metallurgy 339 occurrence 339 ores 339 oxides 349 pure 348 varieties 342, 347 wrought 343 Jasper 260 Kainite 288 Kaolin 261, 335 Kerosene 400 Ketones 411 Kieserite 288 Kindling temperature 17 Krypton 80 Lactic acid 408 Lampblack 200 Laughing gas 132 Law, definition 61 of Boyle 24 of Charles 23 of combining volumes 194 of conservation of energy 4 of conservation of matter 5, 59 of definite composition 59 of Dulong and Petit 233 of Gay-Lussac 194 of multiple proportion 60 of Raoult 233 periodic 169 Lead 373 acetate 375, 407 alloys 375 basic carbonate 376 carbonate 376 chloride 377 chromate 377 insoluble compounds 376 metallurgy 373 nitrate 375 occurrence 373 oxides 375 peroxide 375 properties 374 red 375 soluble salts 375 sugar of 375 sulphate 377 sulphide 377 white 376 Le Blanc soda process 282 Levulose 415 Lime 302 air-slaked 303 hypochlorite 307 kilns 303 slaked 303 Lime light 38 Limestone 305 Limewater 303 Limonite 339 Litharge 375 Lithium 294 Luminosity of flames 216 Lunar caustic 366 Magnesia 318 alba 319 usta 318 Magnesite 318 Magnesium 317 basic carbonate 319 carbonate 318 cement 318 chloride 319 family 316 hydroxide 318 oxide 318 silicates 321 sulphate 320 Magnetite 339, 349 Malachite 357 Manganates 381 Manganese 379 a base-forming element 380 an acid-forming element 381 in glass 263 occurrence 379 oxides 380 Manganic acid 381 Manganous salts 380 Marble 305 Marl 305 Marsh gas 202 Matches 242 Matte 358 Matter, classification 6 conservation 5 definition 5 kinds 9 Measurement of gases 23 Mechanical mixtures 6 Meerschaum 321, 336 Mercuric chloride 363 iodide 364 oxide 14, 362 sulphide 363 Mercurous chloride 363 Mercury 361 iodides 364 metallurgy 361 occurrence 361 oxides 362 uses 362 Metaboric acid 265 Metallurgy 268 Metals 165, 267 action on salts 271 definition 267 extraction 268 occurrence 267 preparation of compounds 269 reduction from ores 268 Metaphosphoric acid 245 Metarsenic acid 250 Metasilicic acid 261 Metastannic acid 371 Methane 202, 399 Methylamine 412 Mexican onyx 305 Mica 261, 336 Microcosmic salt 244 Milk 414 Minerals 267 Minium 375 Mixed salts 244 Molasses 413 Molecular weights 226 boiling-point method 233 compared with oxygen 228 determination 226 freezing-point method 233 oxygen standard 227 of elements 232 vapor-density method 229 Molecule 62 Molybdenum 388 Molybdic acid 388 Monazite sand 377 Mordants 333 Morphine 418 Mortar 304 Moth balls 418 Muriatic acid 182 Naphthalene 418 Naphthas 400 Nascent state 182 Natural gas 219 sciences 1 Neon 80 Neutralization 108 a definite act 109 definition 109 heat of 109 partial 111 Niagara Falls 269, 329 Nickel 354 coin 359 compounds 354 plating 354 Nicotine 419 Nitrates 131 Nitric acid, 128 action on metals 130 decomposition 129 oxidizing action 130 preparation 128, 140 properties 129 salts 131 Nitric oxide 133 Nitrites 132 Nitrobenzene 417 Nitrocellulose 415 Nitrogen 78 compounds 122 in air 87 occurrence 78, 122 oxides 132 preparation 78 properties 80 Nitroglycerin 409 Nitrosulphuric acid 155 Nitrous acid 132 oxide 132 Non-metals 165 Oil of myrbane 417 of vitriol 154 Oleic acid 408 Olein 409 Oleomargarine 410 Onyx 260 Opal 260 Open-hearth process 346 Opium 418 Ores 267 Organic bases 412 chemistry 201, 397 matter, decomposition 122 Orpiment 246 Orthoarsenic acid 250 Orthophosphates 244 Orthophosphoric acid 244 Orthosilicic acid 261 Osmic acid 393 Osmium 393 tetroxide 393 Oxalic acid 407 Oxidation 17, 353 definition 18 Oxidizing agent 37 Oxygen 13 and ozone 22 commercial preparation 16 history 13 importance 21 in air estimation, 85 in air function, 84 occurrence 13 preparation 13 properties 16 standard for atomic weights 66 two atoms in molecule 227 Oxyhydrogen blowpipe 37 Ozone 21, 137 Palladium 390 Palmitic acid 407 Palmitin 409 Paraffin 400 Paris green 250 Parkes's method for silver 364 Pearls 305 Perchloric acid 187 Periodic acid 194 Periodic division 166 groups 167 law 169 law, imperfections 172 law, value 171 table 168 table, arrangement 166 Permanent hardness 310 Permanganates 381 Permanganic acid 381 Peroxides 278 Petroleum 399 Pewter 372 Phenol 417 Philosopher's stone 9 Phlogiston 19 Phosphates 245 Phosphine 242 Phosphonium compounds 243 Phosphoric acid 244 Phosphorite 239 Phosphorous acid 244 Phosphorus 239 acids 243 family 238 hydrogen compounds 242 occurrence 239 oxides 243 preparation 239 properties 240 red 241 yellow 240 Photography 367 Physical changes 2 properties 3 properties and periodic groups 171 state 3 Physics 1, 4 Pitchblende 314 Plaster of Paris 308 Platinic chloride 393 Platinized asbestos 391 Platinous chloride 393 Platinum 391 a catalytic agent 152, 392 Pneumatic trough 16 Polyboric acid 265 Polyhalite 288 Polysilicic acids 261 Porcelain 336 Portland cement 304 Potash 293 Potassium 287 acid carbonate 294 acid sulphate 294 acid sulphite 294 alum, aluminium 334 alum, chrome 384 alum, iron 352 and plant life 287 aurate 396 bromide 290 carbonate 293 chlorate 291 chloride 290 chromate 385 cyanide 293 dichromate 386 ferricyanide 352 ferrocyanide 352 hydroxide 288 hydroxide, action of halogens 289 hypochlorite 289 iodide 290 manganate 381 nitrate 291 occurrence 287 permanganate 381 preparation 288 sulphate 294 Precipitated chalk 306 Precipitation 140 Properties, chemical 3 physical 3 Prussic acid 210 Puddling 343 furnace 344 Pyridine 412 Pyrites 351 Pyrolusite 380 Pyrophosphoric acid 245 Quantitative equations 72 Quartz 260 Quicklime 302 Quinine 418 Quinoline 412 Radical 112 Radium 313 Reaction, classes 70 addition 70 completed 139 heat of 75 of decomposition 70 of double decomposition 71 of substitution 70 reversible 137 steps in 131 Realgar 246 Red lead 375 phosphorus 241 Reducing agent 37 Reduction 36, 354 Rennin 414 Resemblances, family 170 Respiration 87 Rhodium 390 Rochelle salts 408 Rouge 349 Rubidium 294 Ruby 331 Ruthenium 390 Rutile 264 Safety lamp 202 Sal ammoniac 294 soda 282 Salt 280 Saltpeter 291 Chili 285 Salts, 109 acid, 112 Salts basic 111 binary 114 characteristics 109 definition 109 insoluble 272 mixed 244 nomenclature 113 normal 112 preparation by precipitation 270 Sand 260 Sandstone 260 Saponification 410 Sapphire 331 Satinspar 308 Scale 320 Schönite 288 Selenite 308 Selenium 161 Serpentine 320, 336 Shot 247, 375 Siderite 339 Silica 260 Silicates 261 Silicic acids 261 Silicides 259 Silicon 258 acids 261 dioxide 260 fluoride 258 hydride 258 Silver 364 amalgamation process 364 bromide 367 chloride 367 coin 359 German 359 in copper ores 358 iodide 367 metallurgy 364 nitrate 366 oxide 366 parting of 365 refining 365 sulphide 366 Slag 340 Smalt 355 Smithsonite 321 Smokeless powder 293 Soaps 410 Soda ash 284 Soda lime 202 Sodium 276 acetate 407 bicarbonate 285 carbonate 282 carbonate, historical 284 chloride 280 chromates 386 hydrogen carbonate 285 hydroxide 278 hyposulphite 282 iodate 191 nitrate 285 occurrence 276 peroxide 277 phosphates 286 preparation 276 properties 277 sulphate 281 sulphite 281 tetraborate 287 thiosulphate 282 Solder 372, 375 Solubility of gases 95 of solids 96 Solution 94 and chemical action 53 boiling point 98 classes 94 distribution of solids in 98 electrolysis of 99 freezing point 99 of gases in liquids 94 of solids in liquids 96 properties 98 saturated 97 supersaturated 98 Solvay soda process 283 Sombrerite 239 Spectroscope 296 Sphalerite 325 Spiegel iron 343 Spinel 332 Spontaneous combustion 20 Stalactites 305 Stalagmites 305 Standard conditions 23 Stannates 372 Stannic acid 372 chloride 372 oxide 372 Stannous chloride 372 Starch 415 Stassfurt salts 287 Stearic acid 407 Stearin 409 Steel 345 alloys 348 properties 347 tempering of 348 tool 347 Stibine 251 Stibnite 250 Stoneware 336 Strontianite 312 Strontium 312 hydroxide 312 nitrate 312 Structural formulas 119 Structure of compounds 119 Strychnine 419 Substitution 70 Sugars 412 cane 412 fruit 415 grape 414 milk 414 Sulphates 159 Sulphides 148 Sulphites 152 action of acids on 150 Sulphur 143 allotropic forms 144 chemical properties 145 comparison with oxygen 161 dioxide 149 preparation 149 properties 150 extraction 143 flowers of 143 occurrence 143 oxides 149 physical properties 144 trioxide 152 uses 146 varieties 144 Sulphuric acid 154 action as an acid 157 action on metals 157 action on organic matter 158 action on salts 158 action on water 158 fuming 155 manufacture 154 oxidizing action 157 plant 156 properties 157 salts 159 Sulphuric anhydride 153 Sulphurous acid 151 Superphosphate of lime 246 Sylvine 288 Symbols 11 Synthesis 40 Table, alkali metals 274 alkaline-earth metals 300 alloys of copper 359 aqueous tension Appendix B atomic weights Appendix A chlorine family 174 composition of earth's crust 10 composition of fuel gases 220 constants of elements Appendix B copper family 356 elements Appendix A gold and platinum metals 390 hydrocarbons 399 magnesium family 316 manganese and chromium 379 periodic arrangement 168 phosphorus family 238 silicon family 257 solubility of gases in water 95 solubility of salts 96 solubility of salts at different temperatures 97 tin and lead 370 weights of gases Appendix B Talc 321, 336 Tartar emetic 408 Tartaric acid 408 Tellurium 161 Temporary hardness 309 Ternary acids 113 salts 114 Tetraboric acid 265 Thallium 327 Theory, atomic 61 definition 64 value of 64 Thermite 331 Thio compounds 282 Thiosulphates 159 Thiosulphuric acid 159 Thorium 377 Tin 370 block 371 compounds 372 crystals 372 family 370 foil 371 metallurgy 370 plate 371 properties 371 uses 371 Titanium 257, 264 Topaz 331 Triad families 166 Tungsten 388 Type metal 253, 375 Uranium 388 Valence 116 a numerical property 116 and combining ratios 118 and equations 120 and formulas 120 and periodic groups 162 and structure 118 definition 116 indirectly determined 117 measure of 117 variable 117 Vaseline 400 Venetian red 349 Verdigris 407 Vermilion 363 Vinegar 406 Vitriol, blue 361 green 350 oil of 154 white 324 Volume and aqueous tension 25 and pressure 24 and temperature 23 of combining gases 194 Water 40 a compound 40 and disease 49 catalytic action of 154 chalybeate 351 chemical properties 53 composition 47 composition by volume 44 composition by weight 47 dissociation of 210 distillation of 50 electrolysis of 41, 103 filtration of 51 gas 219 hard 309 historical 40 impurities in 48 in air 87 mineral 49 occurrence 48 of crystallization 54, 75 physical properties 53 purification of 50 qualitative analysis 41 quantitative analysis 42 river 49 sanitary analysis 50 self-purification 53 softening of 310 standard substance 55 synthesis 43 uses of 55 Weights, atomic 65 Welsbach mantles 219, 377 Whisky 404 Wine 404 Witherite 312 Wood alcohol 402 distillation 402 Wood's metal 254 Xenon 80 Yeast 403 Zinc 321 alloys of 323 blende 321 chloride 325 flowers of 322 metallurgy 321 occurrence 321 oxide 324 sulphate 324 sulphide 325 white 324 Zymase, 403