VOCABULARY OF THE CLALLAM.

A. Above, tsits-itl. Aboard, si-it-hwu. Afraid, sá-si-si. Again, hon-áng. Alive, é-yé. All, o-hun´na; that's all, aukhk. Always, wút-an-su; I always work, wút-an-su chá-ai. Ankle, tsuts-hó-kwi-sun. Arrive at, to, tuss´tsen. Arm, tsái-is. Arrow, yetcht. Arrow head, of wood, katstl; of iron, kum-tin-ái-in; (kum-tum, iron.) Autumn, tchin-sót-le. Axe, s'kūk-um´.

B. Back, the, stets-i´kwun. Bad, kwaukh, s'há-as. Barberry, "Oregon grape" (berberis), she´tchin. Barbs of fish spear, tsó-kwái-ten. Bark, chai-íkh. Barnacle, tsóhngt. Bat, klat-li-pi-á-han. Basket, mo-hói; cedar bark, t'shó-ikl; fir root, sp'chu. Beach, kokh-hwéng-u. Beads, kwé-kwe. Bear, black, s'chi-kwáitsh; grizzly, kwái-it-shin. Beaver, ské-yau. Beard, kwun-tsen. Behind, il-kwá-us. Berries (generic), s'chá-yuk-w'tl. Bilberry, yé-hum. Birds: Sea ducks (generic), mó-ōk. Small land birds (generic), tsit-sum. Crane, si-é-hu. Crow, skwa-kwa´to. Duck, mallard (a. boschas), te´nuk-sen. Duck, surf (f. perspicillata), klé-yin. Duck, velvet (f. fusca), ko-mat´sin-hlai. Duck, harlequin (f. histrionica), sus-sáu. Duck, scaup (f. marila), swét-st. Duck, goosander (m. merganser), ko-ōkw. Eagles, bald (Haliaetus), kwái-eng-s'n. Eagles, golden (Aquila), ku-táit-sin-hu. Goose, yukh-hó-na. Guillemot, sas-sé-mats. Gulls, kwun-né, ku-té-uk. Grebes, kla-ái-kun. Grouse, dusky, gné-et. ruffed, sté-yu-hūng. Heron, snōk-ho. Jay, s'háikh-hai. Pigeon, hum-ókh. Raven, sku-to´. Sandpipers, ske´uks. Black, un-uk-áikh, an-nu-káikh. Blanket, swi´shi-atl; of dog's hair, skum-éng-utl. Blood, stó-yu-kum. Blue, kus-kus-sho´it, an-nu-kwé-o. Board, se-y't-hu. Body, ni-chi-chái-ten, n's-tats-kl. Body, parts of: Head, skūng-i. Hair, si-at´t'n. Face, sats. Ear, skong´us. Eye, kái-in. Nose, nuk´s'n. Mouth, tsú-ts'n. Tongue, tikh´wh'lts. Teeth, tchin´nis. Beard, kwun-ūt-s'n. Neck, hōng-en. Arm, tsái-'s. Elbow, skōp-hai. Wrist, s'hōts-kwats. Hand, s'ch-hats´. Fingers, s'ch-hats´. Nails, ts-shūts. Breast or Chest, tsung-utl. Woman's Bosom, skub-ó. Back, stets´i-kwun. Leg, s'hun-na. Ankle, tuts-hó-kwi-sun. Foot, kl-tá-s'n. Toes, kl-tá-s'n. Bone, st-zum. Heart, ha-chin-nin´. Blood, sto´yu-kun. Skin, kó-wi. Penis, shel´la. Testes, ng-at'sun. Boil, to, kwái-yis. Bone, st-zum. Bore a hole, to, t'sluk´wut. Both, chá-sa. Bow, s'ho´mo-ten. Bow-string, sul-kwá-tchin. Boy, swé-wa-ūs, scha-chi-aitl. Bracelets, tso´me-chin. Break, to, ti-kwut´. Breasts of woman, skub-ó. Bring, to, an-ákh´w; bring that, (imp.) an-akhw ta-sái-ya. Broad, kl-kút. Brother, elder, sūt-hó-nuk; younger, sái-tchin. Bucket, skó-tun. Buffalo, kwáisp. Buy, to, tá-kws. Burying ground, má-kwa. Bye and bye, hets.

C. Canoe, Chinook pattern, o-ót-hus; Cowitshin do., sté-watl; ducking canoe, sno'h-wh'l. Carry, to, óng-ut-un. Carpenter, worker in wood, skai-án-hwu. Catch, to, kl-kwút. Cedar bark, si-ó-we; wood, ts-shái. Chest or breast, the, tsung´utl; chest (box), kló-yuks. Chief, si-ám. Chop, to, kum-mut´. Clam, quahog (Venus), ski-hé-yu; the large kind (lutraria), swá-hum; blue striated species, skuk-lái. Clouds, s'hu-nó-wus. Cockle, sklé-yōm. Cod fish, s'ká-kan. Cold, klá-tchi. Colors: White, puk'h. Red, un-tsukw´, an-nu-tsuk´o. Black, un-uk-aikh, an-nu-káikh. Blue, kus-kus-sho´it, an-nu-kwhé-o. Yellow, nuts-kwai-ye´win, an-nu-kwái-kwai. Green, un-tlutlkh, an-nu-klikh´tl. Comb, kl-sing´en. Come, to, en-át-sen; I come, an-ná; come you (imp.) an-ná-chi. Cook on stones, to, nūtch-kwé-nutl. Copulate, to, kwat'tl. Corpse, kó-i. Cougar, kau-ét-sap. Cup, mét-kw. Cuttle fish, ské-mukw. Crab, a-ché-he. Crane, si-é-hu. Crow, skwa-kwá-to. Cry, to, hōng.

D. Dance, to, kwoi-é-ish-ten. Darkness, s'chat. Daughter (child), nung-un´na. Day, skwá-tchi. Dead, kó-i. Dead land (country of the dead), snó-nukw. Deep, kletch. Deer, hōpt, smé-yis. Demon (the primal race), s'hui-áb. Dig, to, tsé-yukwt; dig out, to, (e.g. a canoe), ká-hai-yu. Do, to, chá-ai. Dog, ská-ha; plur. ska-yá-ha. Dog fish, s'kwats. Door, so'tl. Down stream, kwó-kwŭ. Dream, to, (1st pers. ind.) kwi-nóng-tut-sen. Drink, I, ko-kwát-sen; (ko, water.) Drive, to, kwi-hut´l. Drunk (i.e. foolish), as-hwá-kwu. Dry, há-ching. Duck (mallard), té-nuk-sen. Dull, n'ko-mūkh. Dung, to, ká-ang.

E. Ear, kwái-in. Earth, land, sh-stung´a-whun. Eagle, bald, kwái-eng-s'n; golden, ku-táit-sin-hu. Eat, to, ts-kwin-sunt-sen, it-lun. Echinus, skwét-si. Eggs, sing-i-á-net. Eight, tats, tats-sái-ya, tats-háit-hu. Elbow, skōp-hái-al-ka. Elk, kai-yétsh. End or point, elks. Evening, táng-en. Eye, kái-in. Exchange, to, at-shé-ti.

F. Face, sats. Far, yé-ye, he-eh. Father, i-ái-in; grandfather, sé-ya. Feathers, s'chái. Find, to, chó-nut-sen. Finish, I have finished work, ho-its´na kwin's chái. Fingers, s'ch-hats. Fir tree (abies Douglassii), skai-ái-nukh, chi-á-chitch; fir bark, tsi´yi. Fire, só-nūts. Fire wood, tl-káts. First, i-chá-yi. Fish, tsâ'kw. Fish, etc.: Cod fish, s'ká-kan. Crab, a-ché-e. Cuttle fish, ské-mukw. Dog fish, s'kwats. Flounder, hwau-kwun. Halibut, s'hōt'h. Herring, klōngt. Oulakan, kláis. Porpoise, s'hú-ma-hens. Salmon (see page 17). Sculpin, swan-itl. Shark, klá-yuk-a-tét-s'n. Sturgeon, kw'táit-sin. Toad fish, s'chem-ukh. Fish gig, sti-é-hu. Fishing line of kelp, schats. Fish with a line, to, tl-ti-ó-is. Fish weir, su-ta-t'hl. Five, kl-katcht, kl-kut-shái-ya, kl-kut-sháit'hu. Flesh, sli-ukw´. Flounder, flatfish, hwau-kwun. Fly, the insect, kli-kái-a-hun-na. Foot, kl-tá-sn. Four, ng-os, ni-sai-ya, nu-sáit-hu. Formerly, a long time ago, hēts. From, tó-kūt-s'n. Full, es-si-át-st'l.

G. Gaff, for salmon, kle-kwun. Gambling disks, sla-hal´lum. Get up, to, tsát-lung. Girl, slet-lát-li-ke. Give, to, ang-at. Go, I, (1st pers. pres. ind.) hai-át-sen; go (imp.) óh'chi; I go there, ōts-na tá-sái-ya. Goat (aploceras), shwét-le. Good, áikh, hatl; good so (that's well), ái-yu-hó-nang; good man, ais swé-ka; good dog, ais ká-ha. Goosander (mergus merganser), ho-ōk'w. Goose, yukh´ho-na. Grandfather, sé-ya, tchutt. Grandmother, sé-ya. Grass, s'hats-ai; mat grass for thread, klutl. Grease or oil, smuts. Grebe (podiceps), kla-ái-kun. Green, un-tlútlh, an-nu-klikhtl. Grouse (tetrao obscurus), gné-et; (tetrao umbellus), ste´yu-hūng. Guillemot, sas-sé-mats. Gull, ku-té-uk, kwun-né. Gum, pitch, tché-ukh.

H. Hail, chit-la-hái-sin. Hair, si-at´tn. Haiqua (the dentalium), klets´-chin. Half, il-chukh´. Halibut, s'hōt'h, tsōt'h. Hand, s'ch-hats´. Hard, ko-sang´. Hare, rabbit, ka-káit-se. Haul, to, ho-kwut´. Hat, s'ches´euk'h. He, when present, tsa-mukw; if absent, netl. Head, skūng-i. Hear, I, yai-yá-nung-sen. Heart, ha-chin-nin´. Here, te-at´hla. Heron (ardea herodias), snōk-ho. Herring, klōngt. Hide, to, kwai's. Hit, I, tcho´kwe-nūt-sen. Holla, to, kwá-kwut-ching. How many? kwén-chis; how many people? ko-nái-ya; how many dollars? ko-nai chis ngun dolla; how much money have you? ko-nai te chin dolla. House, ái-yung; my house, n'skwai, te ai-yung. Hundred, na-tcho-wutsh. Hungry, hwam. Husband, my, n'swé-i-ka.

I. I, utza. Ice, sle´a-hu. Indians, people, tl-stái-ing-hu, ats-il-tái-ing-hu. Infant, s'chá-in. Iron, kum-tum´. Island, kl-chás.

J. Jay (garrulus stelleri), s'háikh-hai. Just now, lately, chatsh´ta; I have just come chatsh-ta't n's-ta´chi.

K. Kamass, k'whló-i. Kettle, skwó-ten. Kill, to, ko-ché-yu. Knee, skai-yá-ko. Knife, sheath, ko-kwái-is; pocket, náng-nun. Know, I, hut-chét 't-sen.

L. Lake, tsé-ikhtl. Large, tchuk. Lately, just now, chátsh-ta. Laugh, to, net´ching. Lazy, tsá-hūng. Leaf, s'chá-sun. Leap, to, hwé-tung. Leg, s'hun´na. Lie, to, kai-yukh´. Light, wái-yu. Lightning, chin-é-kwa. Like, hon-áng. Listen (imp.), yá-ya-nung-ōts-hu. Long, klakt; long ago, hets. Look for, to, kli-yáng. Lose, to, tsits-hwá-nung. Love, to, nus-klé. Low tide, sung-ōt-sen. Lynx (L. fasciata), tsát-sats.

M. Mallard, duck, té-nuk-sen. Mammals: Bat, klat-li-pi-á-hun. Bear, black, s'chi-kwáitsh. Bear, grizzly, kwái-it-shin. Beaver, ské-yau. Buffalo, kwáisp. Cougar, kan-et´sap. Deer, hōpt, smé-yis. Dog, ská-ha. Elk, kai-yétsh. Goat, mountain, swét-le. Hare, rabbit, ka-káit-se. Lynx, tsat-sats. Mink, mis-tcho. Mouse, skwa´tun. Musk rat, skulkh-kut'lkh. Land otter, ska´atl. Sea otter, tum´mus. Seal, ass´hu. Skunk, smat-s'n. Squirrel (sciurus), sp-si-yūt-s'n; (tamias), ha-hái-yu-wetsh. Wolf, sta´ching. Whale, ch-whé-yu. Man, swé-ka; plur. swé-yi-ka; young man, swé-wūs; old man, kwilt-chák. Many, ng' únn; many men, ng' ungt' swé-yi-ka. Mat, of round rushes (tulé), taks-lats´hu; flat do. (cat's tail), su-ya-átsh, kai-nim; cedar bark, tsum´mut. Mat needle, ho-k'hún. Medicine, s'tái-ing-hu. Medicine man, magician or doctor, s'hu-nām. Middle, ets-tóng-en. Milk, skub-ó. Mink, mis´tcho. Miss a mark, to, tang-un; miss the road, to, ti-tákh. Mistake, to, in speech, ti-takh. Moccasins, kluk´shin. Molluscs, etc.: Barnacle, tsōngt. Clams, quahog (Venus), ski-he-yu; large (Lutraria), swa´-hum; blue striated, skuk-hlái. Cockle (cardium), sklé-yōm. Hai-kwa (Dentalium), klets-chin. Mussel, to´yuk. Oyster, klokh-klokh. Scallop (pecten), na´na. Sea egg (echinus), skwét-si. Moon, kl-káitsh. Morning, kwá-tchi. Mosquito, pwáik-sen. Mother, tān. Mountain, h'kwi-étsh. Mouse, skwá-tun. Mouth, tsu´ts'n. Musk rat, skulkh-kut'lkh. Mussel, the small blue, to´yuk. My sister, na ais; my house, na ai-yung; my things, n's-kwâ-na-akw. Mythology: Nó-kwe-mătl or Dó-kwe-bătl, the principal supernatural being, corresponding to Ikáni of the Chinooks. S'hui-áb, the primal or demon race. S'hu-nām, magic or medicine. Te-yūtl-ma, the genius of good fortune. Hun-ha-né-ti, a performance of conjuring or "tamá-nous" (Chinook), known to the Nisquallies as s'hí-na, in which it is pretended that the person initiated is killed and then restored to life.

N. Name, s'dá. Nails, ts´shūts. Near, klat-lé-a-ke. Needle, chát-sun. Neck, hōng-en. New, háu-us, k'hau-ós. Night, s'nat´. Nine, tōkw, t'kwái-ya, t'kwáit-hu. None, á-wun-na, au-wuts-an. Noon, k'é-yit. Nose, nuk'sn. Now, ti-á-no. Numerals: Simple Cardinals— 1, nit´zo. 2, chis´sa. 3, klekhw. 4, ng-os. 5, kl-katcht 6, t'hung. 7, tsōks. 8, tats. 9, tōkw. 10, ó-pen. Personal Cardinals— 1, nát-so. 2, chá-sa. 3, kl-whái-ya. 4, ni-sái-ya. 5, kl-kut-shái-ya. 6, tukh-ung-ái-ya. 7, tsakw-tsái-ya. 8, tats-sái-ya. 9, t'kwái-ya. 10, o-pen-ái. Cardinals of Valuation— 1, n'sakt´hu. 2, n'sháit-hu. 3, kl-wháit-hu. 4, nu-sáit-hu. 5, kl-kut-sháit-hu. 6, tukh-hung-áit-hu. 7, tsak-sáit-hu. 8, tats-háit-hu. 9, t-kwáit-hu. 10, o-pen-áit-hu. 11, o-pen it nitzo. 12, o-pen i'tchus-sa. 20, t's-kwuss. 30, h'l-lūtl-sha. 100, na-tcho-wutsh. 1000, p'né-itsh.

O. Old, snuk-ai. Old man, kwil´tchuk; old woman, kwil´tchuk slá-ni. One, nit´zo, nat´so, n'sákt-hu. Otter, land, ská-atl; sea, tum´-mus. Oulakan, a small fish, klais. Out doors, as-saktl´. Oyster, klókh-klokh. Off shore, tsát-so.

P. Paddle, a, hōng-ut. Paddle, to, ist. People, tl-stái-ing-hu, ats-il-tái-ing-hu. Penis, shel´la. Pigeon, hum-ókh. Pipe, pá-akw. Pitch, tché-uk. Plank, sé-y't-hu. Plants, etc.: Barberry (berberis), shé-tchin. Berries (generic), s'chá-yuk-w'tl. Bilberry, yé-hun. Grass, s'hats-ái. used for mat thread, klutl. Kamass (squilla), k'whló-i. Rush, cat-tail, kwo-ōt. Sallal (Gualtheria), tak´a. Salmon berry, al-e´lo. Strawberry, té-yukw. Tobacco, smá-nash. Point or end, elk'hs. Pound, to, as grain, tsut. Pour, to, kwi-yet´. Porpoise, s'hū-ma-héns. Prairie, spelh´han. Pregnant, as-kwá-kwai. Presently, kwa-kwát-hu. Pronouns: I, absolute, ut´za; copulative, prefixed to a verb, ats; suffixed to do., sun, sen, sin. My, na, n's, n, n'skwai. Thou, nukw; copulative prefixed, chin; suffixed, hu; or in the imperative, chi. He, if present, tsa-nukw; absent, netl. We, nung'l, kl-ning´utl. Ye, nukw, kl-nukw. They, kwas´sa, tsâ-ta. Prongs of fish gig, sta-whái-uts. Push, to, chōng-ut.

Q. Quick, come quick! á-atl.

R. Rain, to, s'lem´hu. Rake, v., to take small fish with a rake, tlut´a-men. Raven, sku-tó. Red, un-tsukw´, an-nu-tsuk´o. Relations, nis-chá-cha. Relationships: Father, i-ái-in. Mother, tan. Grandfather, sé-ya, tchut. Grandmother, sé-ya. Son, my, nung-un´na. Daughter, my, nung-un´na. Husband, my, n'swé-yi-ka. Wife, my, n'slá-ni. Brother, elder, sūt-hó-nuk. younger, sái-tchin. Sister, elder, sūt-hó-nuk. younger, ais. Return, to, ho-wé-yung. Rhododendron, kwalt-héltsh. River, stó-a-wi. Roast, by the fire, chuk-ōts. Rope, hwé-lum. Rotten, as wood, tsá-kong; as fruit, skwâng´utst. Rush, cat-tail, kwo-ōt. Run, I, skwá-nung-ut´sen.

S. Sallal berries, ták-a. Salmon: S. quinnat, kwit´shin. S. truncatus, klut´shin. S. Scouleri, kutch´kus. S. proteus, hun´nun. S. (undetermined), mét-hlets. S. canis, kl'whái. S. Campbelli, kwatcht. Salmon roe, kai-yukh´. Salmon berries, al-é-lo. Salt, klatl. Sand, pe-kwut-chin. Sand piper (tringa), ské-uks. Scallop (pecten), ná-na. Sculpin, swan-itl. Sea, kl-lalts. Sea fowl, mó-ōk. Seal, ass´hu. Seal's bladder, ts-só. Seasons: Spring, tclin-es-hwó-as. Summer, kla-té-kum, tchin-é-si. Autumn, tchin-só-le. Winter, klá-tchi. Seat, the, kló-wuk. See, to, kwun't. Seven, tsōks, tsakw-tsái-ya, tsak-sáit-hu. Sew, to, chit-seng-ut-sen. Seine, so-yuk. Shadow, nu-kwá-ku-no-sing, ká-katl. Shark, klá-yuk-a-tét-s'n. Sharp, ái-yūts. Shirt, sli-pói-kut; woollen do., sno-wéks. Shoes, kwut-lé-shin. Shoulder, tsé-a-kwun. Short, chái-yetl. Sick, as-hátl'h; I am sick, as-hátl'h-sen. Sing, to, te-yum´tsen. Sister, elder, sūt-hó-nuk; do. younger, ais. Sit, to, á-mut. Six, t'hung, tukh-hung-ái-ya, tukh-hung-áit-hu. Skate, fish, ká-kaukh. Skunk, smát-s'n. Sky, tsit-sl. Skin, kó-wi. Slave, skwé-its. Sleep, to, et-tut-sen. Small, klōt-la, ma-má-min. Smoke, sp-kōng. Snake, swa-hut-si. Sneeze, to, há-sung. Squirrel (Sciurus), sp'si´yut-sen; (Tamias), ha-hái-yu-wetsh. Speak, to, kwái-it-sen. Spear fish, to, te-chut. Spear, pronged, for birds, tsó-kwun, s'hōm. Split, chá-yūts. Spoon, kla-muks. Spring, chin-es-hwó-as. Stand, to, tsit-lung. Star, te-tó-se-na. Steal, to, kan. Stone, s'nangt. Stop, hó-i; stop talking (imp.), sum-mó'h-tchi. Story, yét-sum. Stranger, natsh. Strawberries, té-yukw. Strike, to, kó-cht. Strong, kum-kum´. Sturgeon, kw'táit-sin. Sun, sū-shát'sht. Summer, kla-té-kum, tchin-é-si. Surf, skw-lai-yá-kan. Swim, to, tung-ōng.

T. Take, to, kl-kwut´. Teeth, tchin´nis. Tell the truth, to (1st pers.), as-klá'w-chin skwai. Ten, ó-pen, ó-pen-ai, ó-pen-áit-hu. Testicles, ng'át-sun. That thing (the there), ta-sái-ya. There, ta-sái-ya; I go there, ōts-na ta-sái-ya. They, kwas´sa, tsâ-ta. Thick, as a plank, ch'hlut´. Thin, as paper, chá-chum-é. Thirsty, I am, kwa-kwái-ing-sen. Thou, nukw. Thousand, p'ne´itsh. Three, klekhw, kl-hwái-ya, kl-hwáit-hu. Throw away, to, kwá-nus. Thunder, áts-a-kwutl. Tide, high, tung; low, sung-ōt-sen. Tie, to, ké-a-kut. Toad fish (cottus), s'chem-ūk'h. Tobacco, smá-nash. To-day, te-a-skwá-tchi, ai-é-nuk. Toes, kl-tá-s'n. Together, two, chá-sa. To-morrow, kwá-tchi. To-night, as-nat´. Tongue, tikh´hw'lts. Towards shore, chái-yukw. Trail or road, so'tl. Tree, ski-kai-ái-yu. Trencher or wooden dish, klo-tá. Trout, k'hu-má-mun. Trowsers, no-sun´ten. True, as-klá-wtl. Two, chis´sa, chá-sa, n'sháit-hu.

U. Under, ki-tchá-wtl. Understand, do you? hut-chit´ūts-hu. Up, té-yit. Upset, kwái-kwi.

W. Walk, to, shtung. Want, to, nūs-klé. Warm, kla-té-kun. Warrior, ns'cháng-kun. Wash the face, to, nūt-sá-ko-sen; wash the clothes, to, tsa-kwéng-utl. Water, ko. Waterfall, tsét-sil-stó-a-wi. Waves, n'kái-nukh, s'chó-ilts. We, kl-ning´utl. Weir, for fish, sw'klátl. Whale, ch'whé-yu. What? stang; what do you want? stang chins-klé; what are you doing? stang chin-chái; what is your name? stang chins-ná; what is that? stang ta-sái-ya. Where? ta-hén; where do you come from? cha-hén-tin stá-chi; where do you go? twénts-hu. Whistle, to, nūs-kwi-ó-sung. White, puk'h. White men, hwa-né-tum. Who? tsan; who is that? tsan ta-sái-ya. Wind, s't'chūng; North wind, kais-hwu; South wind, skangt, skang´ut. Wife, my, n-slá-a-ni. Wings, skl-kái-ai. Winter, klá-chi. Within, inside, es-ché-yu. Wolf, stá-ching. Woman, sla-ni. Wood, dead, kwut-lái. Work or do, to, chai; I work, ats chái or cháit-sen; thou workest, nuk'w chái or chái-uts-hu; he works, kw'sá chai; we work, nung'l tsá-chái; ye work, nuk'w't-sa ái-a-chái; they work, tsâ-tsa chi´chai. Worthless, tl-whí-os. Wrist, s'hōts-kwats. Write, s'hé-ikh.

Y. Yawn, to, wé-uks. Ye, kl-nukw´; all ye, nukw´ hun´na. Yellow, an-nu-kwái-kwai. Yes, a-áh. Yesterday, chí-ak-kl. Young man, swé-wus. Your, n'skwa; your house, n'skwa n'ái-yung.