SPRAYING MIXTURES
Reading edition
FOR BITING INSECTS
Dry Paris Green Wet Paris Green
Paris green 1 lb. Paris green ¼ to 2 lb.
Lime or flour 4 to 16 lb. Lime ¼ to ½ lb.
Water 50 gal.
FOR SOFT-BODIED SUCKING INSECTS
Kerosene Emulsion
Hard soap (in fine shavings)½ lb.
Soft water1 gal.
Kerosene2 gal.
Dissolve soap in boiling water, add kerosene to the hot water, churn with spraying pump for at least ten minutes, until the mixture changes to a creamy, then to a soft, butterlike, mass. This gives three gallons of 66-per-cent oil emulsion, which may be diluted to the strength desired. To get 15-per-cent oil emulsion add ten and one-half gallons of water.
FOR FUNGOUS DISEASES
Copper Sulphate
Copper sulphate1 lb.
Water18 to 25 gal.
Use only before foliage opens, to kill wintering spores.
Bordeaux Mixture
Copper sulphate (bluestone)4 to 5 lb.
Lime (good, unslaked)5 to 6 lb.
Water50 gal.
Dissolve the copper sulphate (bluestone) in twenty-five gallons of water. Slake the lime slowly so as to get a smooth, thick cream. Never cover the lime with too much water. After thorough slaking add twenty-five gallons of water. When the lime and the bluestone have dissolved, pour the two liquids into a third vessel. Be sure that each stream mixes with the other before either enters the vessel. Strain through a coarse cloth.
Mix fresh for each time. Use for molds and fungi generally. Apply in fine spray with a good nozzle.
Bordeaux-paris-green Mixture
Ordinary Bordeaux mixture50 gal.
Paris green4 oz. to 2 lb.
Use for both fungi and insects on apple, potato, etc.
Bordeaux-Arsenate-of-Lead Mixture
Ordinary Bordeaux mixture50 gal.
Arsenate of lead2 to 3 lb.
Used for fungous and insect enemies of the potato, and of the apple when bitter rot is troublesome.
Commercial Lime-Sulphur Arsenate of Lead
Commercial lime-sulphur1½ gal.
Arsenate of lead2 to 3 lb.
Water50 gal.
Use for spraying apples.
Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate
Copper carbonate5 oz.
Ammonia (26° Baumé)about 3 pt.
Water50 gal.
Dissolve the copper carbonate in the smallest possible amount of ammonia. This solution may be kept in stock and diluted to the proper strength as needed.
Use this instead of the Bordeaux mixture after the fruit has reached half or two thirds of the mature size. It leaves no spots as does the lime-sulphur wash or the Bordeaux mixture.
SPRAYS FOR BOTH FUNGOUS AND INSECT PESTS
Home-Made Lime-Sulphur Wash
Lime20 lb.
Sulphur15 lb.
Water50 gal.
The lime, the sulphur, and about half of the water required are boiled together for forty-five minutes in a kettle over a fire, or in a barrel or other suitable tank by steam, strained, and then diluted to 50 gallons. This is the wash regularly used against the San Jose scale. It may be substituted for Bordeaux mixture when spraying trees in the dormant state. Commercial lime-sulphur may also be used in place of this homemade wash. Use one gallon of the commercial lime-sulphur to nine gallons of water in the dormant season.
Self-Boiled Lime-Sulphur Wash
The self-boiled lime-sulphur wash is a combination of lime and sulphur boiled only by the heat of the slaking lime, and is used chiefly for summer spraying on peaches, plums, cherries, etc. as a substitute for the Bordeaux mixture.
Lime8 lb.
Sulphur6 to 8 lb.
Water50 gal.
The lime should be placed in a barrel and enough water poured on it to start it slaking and to keep the sulphur off the bottom of the barrel. The sulphur, which should first be worked through a sieve to break up the lumps, may then be added, and, finally, enough water to slake the lime into a paste. Considerable stirring is necessary to prevent caking on the bottom. After the violent boiling which accompanies the slaking of the lime is over, the mixture should be diluted ready for use, or at least enough cold water added to stop the cooking. From five to fifteen minutes are required for the process. If the hot mass is permitted to stand undiluted as a thick paste, a liquid is produced that is injurious to peach foliage and, in some cases, to apple foliage.
The mixture should be strained through a sieve of twenty meshes to the inch in order to remove the coarse particles of lime, but all the sulphur should be worked through the strainer.