Part 2 — BRITISH STATUTES (continued 2)

Her Majesty, by Order in Council, may direct that Authors, &c., of Works first published in Foreign Countries shall have Copyright therein within Her Majesty's Dominions.

II. It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any Order of Her Majesty in Council, to direct that, as respects all or any particular Class or Classes of the following Works, (namely,) Books, Prints, Articles of Sculpture, and other Works of Art, to be defined in such Order, which shall after a future Time, to be specified in such Order, be first published in any Foreign Country to be named in such Order, the Authors, Inventors, Designers, Engravers, and Makers thereof respectively, their respective Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, shall have the Privilege of Copyright therein during such Period or respective Periods as shall be defined in such Order, not exceeding, however, as to any of the above-mentioned Works, the Term of Copyright which Authors, Inventors, Designers, Engravers, and Makers of the like Works respectively first published in the United Kingdom may be then entitled to under the hereinbefore recited Acts respectively, or under any Acts which may hereafter be passed in that Behalf.

If the Order applies to Books, the Copyright Law as to Books first published in this Country shall apply to the Books to which the Order relates, with certain Exceptions.

III. In case any such Order shall apply to Books, all and singular the Enactments of the said Copyright Amendment Act, and of any other Act for the Time being in force with relation to the Copyright in Books first published in this Country, shall, from and after the Time so to be specified in that Behalf in such Order, and subject to such Limitation as to the Duration of the Copyright as shall be therein contained, apply to and be in force in respect of the Books to which such Order shall extend, and which shall have been registered as hereinafter is provided, in such and the same Manner as if such Books were first published in the United Kingdom, save and except such of the said Enactments, or such Parts thereof, as shall be excepted in such Order, and save and except such of the said Enactments as relate to the Delivery of Copies of Books at the British Museum, and to or for the Use of the other Libraries mentioned in the said Copyright Amendment Act.

If the Order applies to Prints, Sculptures, &c., the Copyright Law as to Prints or Sculptures first published in this Country shall apply to the Prints, Sculptures, &c., to which such Order relates.

IV. In case any such Order shall apply to Prints, Articles of Sculpture, or to any such other Works of Art as aforesaid, all and singular the Enactments of the said Engraving Copyright Acts and the said Sculpture Copyright Acts, or of any other Act for the Time being in force with relation to the Copyright in Prints or Articles of Sculpture first published in this Country, and of any Act for the Time being in force with relation to the Copyright in any similar Works of Art first published in this Country, shall, from and after the Time so to be specified in that Behalf in such Order, and subject to such Limitation as to the Duration of the Copyright as shall be therein contained respectively, apply to and be in force in respect of the Prints, Articles of Sculpture, and other Works of Art to which such Order shall extend, and which shall have been registered as hereinafter is provided, in such and the same Manner as if such Articles and other Works of Art were first published in the United Kingdom, save and except such of the said Enactments or such Parts thereof as shall be excepted in such Order.

Her Majesty may, by Order in Council, direct that Authors and Composers of Dramatic Pieces and Musical Compositions first publicly represented and performed in Foreign Countries shall have similar Rights in the British Dominions.

V. It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any Order of Her Majesty in Council, to direct that the Authors of Dramatic Pieces and Musical Compositions which shall after a future Time, to be specified in such Order, be first publicly represented or performed in any Foreign Country to be named in such Order, shall have the sole Liberty of representing or performing in any Part of the British Dominions such Dramatic Pieces or Musical Compositions during such Period as shall be defined in such Order, not exceeding the Period during which Authors of Dramatic Pieces and Musical Compositions first publicly represented or performed in the United Kingdom may for the Time be entitled by Law to the sole Liberty of representing and performing the same; and from and after the Time so specified in any such last-mentioned Order the Enactments of the said Dramatic Literary Property Act and of the said Copyright Amendment Act, and of any other Act for the Time being in force with relation to the Liberty of publicly representing and performing Dramatic Pieces or Musical Compositions, shall, subject to such Limitation as lo the Duration of the Right conferred by any such Order as shall be therein contained, apply to and be in force in respect of the Dramatic Pieces and Musical Compositions to which such Order shall extend, and which shall have been registered as hereinafter is provided, in such and the same Manner as if such Dramatic Pieces and Musical Compositions had been first publicly represented and performed in the British Dominions, save and except such of the said Enactments or such Parts thereof as shall be excepted in such Order.

Particulars to be observed as to Registry and to Delivery of Copies.

VI. Provided always, That no Author of any Book, Dramatic Piece or Musical Composition, or his Executors, Administrators, or Assigns, and no Inventor, Designer, or Engraver of any Print, or Maker of any Article of Sculpture, or other Work of Art, his Executors, Administrators, or Assigns, shall be entitled to the Benefit of this Act, or of any Order in Council to be issued in pursuance thereof, unless, within a Time or Times to be in that Behalf prescribed in each such Order in Council, such Book, Dramatic Piece, Musical Composition, Print, Article of Sculpture, or other Work of Art, shall have been so registered, and such Copy thereof shall have been so delivered as hereinafter is mentioned; (that is to say,) as regards such Book, and also such Dramatic Piece or Musical Composition, (in the event of the same having been printed,) the Title to the Copy thereof, the Name and Place of Abode of the Author or Composer thereof, the Name and Place of Abode of the Proprietor of the Copyright thereof, the Time and Place of the first Publication, Representation, or Performance thereof, as the Case may be, in the Foreign Country named in the Order in Council under which the Benefits of this Act shall be claimed, shall be entered in the Register Book of the Company of Stationers in London, and One printed Copy of the whole of such Book, and of such Dramatic Piece or Musical Composition, in the event of the same having been printed, and of every Volume thereof, upon the best Paper upon which the largest Number or Impression of the Book, Dramatic Piece, or Musical Composition shall have been printed for Sale, together with all Maps and Prints relating thereto, shall be delivered to the Officer of the Company of Stationers at the Hall of the said Company; and as regards Dramatic Pieces and Musical Compositions in Manuscript, the Title to the same, the Name and Place of Abode of the Author or Composer thereof, the Name and Place of Abode of the Proprietor of the Right of representing or performing the same, and the Time and Place of the first Representation or Performance thereof in the Country named in the Order in Council under which the Benefit of the Act shall be claimed, shall be entered in the said Register Book of the said Company of Stationers in London; and as regards Prints, the Title thereof, the Name and Place of Abode of the Inventor, Designer, or Engraver thereof, the Name of the Proprietor of the Copyright therein, and the Time and Place of the first Publication thereof in the Foreign Country named in the Order in Council under which the Benefits of the Act shall be claimed, shall be entered in the said Register Book of the said Company of Stationers in London, and a Copy of such Print, upon the best Paper upon which the largest Number or Impressions of the Print shall have been printed for Sale, shall be delivered to the Officer of the Company of Stationers at the Hall of the said Company; and as regards any such Article of Sculpture, or any such other Work of Art as aforesaid, a descriptive Title thereof, the Name and Place of Abode of the Maker thereof, the Name of the Proprietor of the Copyright therein, and the Time and Place of its first Publication in the Foreign Country named in the Order in Council under which the Benefit of this Act shall be claimed, shall be entered in the said Register Book of the said Company of Stationers in London; and the Officer of the said Company of Stationers receiving such Copies so to be delivered as aforesaid shall give a Receipt in Writing for the same, and such Delivery shall to all Intents and Purposes be a sufficient Delivery under the Provisions of this Act.

In case of Books published anonymously, the Name of the Publisher to be sufficient.

VII. Provided always, That if a Book be published anonymously it shall be sufficient to insert in the Entry thereof in such Register Book the Name and Place of Abode of the first Publisher thereof, instead of the Name and Place of Abode of the Author thereof, together with a Declaration that such Entry is made either on behalf of the Author or on behalf of such first Publisher, as the Case may require.

The Provisions of the Copyright Amendment Act as regards Entries in the Register Book of the Company of Stationers, &c., to apply to Entries under this Act.

VIII. And be it enacted, That the several Enactments in the said Copyright Amendment Act contained with relation to keeping the said Register Book, and the Inspection thereof, the Searches therein, and the Delivery of certified and stamped Copies thereof, the Reception of such Copies in Evidence, the making of false Entries in the said Book, and the Production in Evidence of Papers falsely purporting to be Copies of Entries in the said Book, the Applications to the Courts and Judges by Persons aggrieved by Entries in the said Book, and the expunging and varying such Entries, shall apply to the Books, Dramatic Pieces, and Musical Compositions, Prints, Articles of Sculpture, and other Works of Art, to which any Order in Council issued in pursuance of this Act shall extend, and to the Entries and Assignments of Copyright and Proprietorship therein, in such and the same Manner as if such Enactments were here expressly enacted in relation thereto, save and except that the Forms of Entry prescribed by the said Copyright Amendment Act may be varied to meet the Circumstances of the Case, and that the Sum to be demanded by the Officer of the said Company of Stationers for making any Entry required by this Act shall be One Shilling only.

As to expunging or varying Entry grounded in wrongful first Publication.

IX. Every Entry made in pursuance of this Act of a first Publication shall be primâ facie Proof of a rightful first Publication; but if there be a wrongful first Publication, and any Party have availed himself thereof to obtain an Entry of a spurious Work, no Order for expunging or varying such Entry shall be made unless it be proved to the Satisfaction of the Court or of the Judge taking cognizance of the Application for expunging or varying such Entry, first, with respect to a wrongful Publication in a Country to which the Author or first Publisher does not belong, and in regard to which there does not subsist with this Country any Treaty of International Copyright, that the Party making the Application was the Author or first Publisher, as the Case requires; second, with respect to a wrongful first Publication either in the Country where a rightful first Publication has taken place, or in regard to which there subsists with this Country a Treaty of International Copyright, that a Court of competent Jurisdiction in any such country where such wrongful first Publication has taken place has given Judgment in favour of the Right of the Party claiming to be the Author or first Publisher.

Copies of Books wherein Copyright is subsisting under this Act printed in Foreign Countries other than those wherein the Book was first published prohibited to be imported.

X. All Copies of Books wherein there shall be any subsisting Copyright under or by virtue of this Act, or of any Order in Council made in pursuance thereof, printed or reprinted in any Foreign Country except that in which such Books were first published, shall be and the same are hereby absolutely prohibited to be imported into any Part of the British Dominions, except by or with the Consent of the registered Proprietor of the Copyright thereof, or his Agent authorised in Writing, and if imported contrary to this Prohibition the same and the Importers thereof shall be subject to the Enactments in force relating to Goods prohibited to be imported by any Act relating to the Customs; and as respects any such Copies so prohibited to be imported, and also as respects any Copies unlawfully printed in any Place whatsoever of any Books wherein there shall be any such subsisting Copyright as aforesaid, any Person who shall in any Part of the British Dominions import such prohibited or unlawfully printed Copies, or who, knowing such Copies to be so unlawfully imported or unlawfully printed, shall sell, publish, or expose to sale or hire, or shall cause to be sold, published, or exposed to sale or hire, or have in his Possession for sale or hire, any such Copies so unlawfully imported or unlawfully printed, such Offender shall be liable to a special Action on the Case at the Suit of the Proprietor of such Copyright, to be brought and prosecuted in the same Courts and in the same Manner, and with the like Restrictions upon the Proceedings of the Defendant, as are respectively prescribed in the said Copyright Amendment Act with relation to Actions thereby authorised to be brought by Proprietors of Copyright against Persons importing or selling Books unlawfully printed in the British Dominions.

Officer of Stationers' Company to deposit Books, &c., in the British Museum.

XI. The said Officer of the said Company of Stationers shall receive at the Hall of the said Company every Book, Volume, or Print so to be delivered as aforesaid, and within One Calendar Month after receiving such Book, Volume, or Print shall deposit the same in the Library of the British Museum.

Second or subsequent Editions.

XII. Provided always, That it shall not be requisite to deliver to the said Officer of the said Stationers' Company any printed Copy of the Second or of any subsequent Edition of any Book or Books so delivered as aforesaid, unless the same shall contain Additions or Alterations.

Orders in Council may specify different Periods for different Foreign Countries and for different Classes of Works.

XIII. The respective Terms to be specified by such Orders in Council respectively for the Continuance of the Privilege to be granted in respect of Works to be first published in Foreign Countries may be different for Works first published in different Foreign Countries and for different Classes of such Works; and the Times to be prescribed for the Entries to be made in the Register Book of the Stationers' Company, and for the Deliveries of the Books and other Articles to the said Officer of the Stationers' Company, as hereinbefore is mentioned, may be different for different Foreign Countries and for different Classes of Books or other Articles.

No Order in Council to have any Effect unless it states that reciprocal Protection is secured.

XIV. Provided always, That no such Order in Council shall have any Effect unless it shall be therein stated, as the Ground for issuing the same, that due Protection has been secured by the Foreign Power so named in such Order in Council for the Benefit of Parties interested in Works first published in the Dominions of Her Majesty similar to those comprised in such Order.[1739]

Orders in Council to be published in Gazette, and to have same Effect as this Act.

XV. Every Order in Council to be made under the Authority of this Act shall as soon as may be after the making thereof by Her Majesty in Council be published in the London Gazette, and from the Time of such Publication shall have the same Effect as if every Part thereof were included in this Act.

Orders in Council to be laid before Parliament.

XVI. A Copy of every Order of Her Majesty in Council made under this Act shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament within Six Weeks after issuing the same, if Parliament be then sitting, and if not, then within Six Weeks after the commencement of the then next Session of Parliament.

Orders in Council may be revoked.

XVII. It shall be lawful for Her Majesty by an Order in Council from Time to Time to revoke or alter any Order in Council previously made under the Authority of this Act, but nevertheless without Prejudice to any Rights acquired previously to such Revocation or Alteration.[1740]

Translations.

XVIII. Provided always, That nothing in this Act contained shall be construed to prevent the printing, Publication, or Sale of any Translation of any Book the Author whereof and his Assigns may be entitled to the Benefit of this Act.[1741]

Authors of Works first published in Foreign Countries not entitled to Copyright except under this Act.

XIX.[1742] Neither the Author of any Book, nor the Author or Composer of any Dramatic Piece or Musical Composition, nor the Inventor, Designer, or Engraver of any Print, nor the Maker of any Article of Sculpture, or of such other Work of Art as aforesaid, which shall after the passing of this Act be first published out of Her Majesty's Dominions, shall have any Copyright therein respectively, or any exclusive Right to the public Representation or Performance thereof, otherwise than such (if any) as he may become entitled to under this Act.

Interpretation Clause.

XX. In the Construction of this Act the Word "Book" shall be construed to include "Volume," "Pamphlet," "Sheet of Letterpress," "Sheet of Music," "Map," "Chart," or "Plan;" and the Expression "Articles of Sculpture " shall mean all such Sculptures, Models, Copies, and Casts as are described in the said Sculpture Copyright Acts, and in respect of which the Privileges of Copyright are thereby conferred; and the Words "printing" and "reprinting," shall include engraving and any other Method of multiplying Copies; and the Expressions "Order of Her Majesty in Council," "Order in Council," and " Order," shall respectively mean Order of Her Majesty acting by and with the Advice of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council; and the Expression "Officer of the Company of Stationers" shall mean the Officer appointed by the said Company of Stationers for the Purposes of the said Copyright Amendment Act; and in describing any Persons or Things any Word importing the Plural Number shall mean also One Person or Thing, and any Word importing the Singular Number shall include several Persons or Things, and any Word importing the Masculine shall include also the Feminine Gender; unless in any of such Cases there shall be something in the Subject or Context repugnant to such Construction.

Act may be repealed this Session.

XXI. This Act may be amended or repealed by any Act to be passed in this present Session of Parliament.[1743]

THE COLONIAL COPYRIGHT ACT, 1847.[1744] 10 & 11 Vict. c. 95.

An Act to amend the Law relating to the Protection in the Colonies of Works entitled to Copyright in the United Kingdom.

[22nd July 1847.]

5 & 6 Vict. c. 45.

8 & 9 Vict. c. 93.

Her Majesty may suspend in certain Cases the Prohibitions against the Admission of pirated Books into the Colonies in certain Cases.

I. Whereas by an Act passed in the Session of Parliament holden in the Fifth and Sixth Years of Her present Majesty, intituled An Act to amend the Law of Copyright, it is amongst other things enacted, that it shall not be lawful for any Person not being the Proprietor of the Copyright, or some Person authorised by him, to import into any Part of the United Kingdom, or into any other Part of the British Dominions, for Sale or Hire, any printed Book first composed or written or printed or published in any Part of the United Kingdom wherein there shall be Copyright, and reprinted in any Country or Place whatsoever out of the British Dominions: And whereas by an Act passed in the Session of Parliament holden in the Eighth and Ninth Years of the Reign of Her present Majesty, intituled An Act to regulate the Trade of the British Possessions abroad, Books wherein the Copyright is subsisting, first composed or written or printed in the United Kingdom, and printed or reprinted in any other Country, are absolutely prohibited to be imported into the British Possessions abroad: And whereas by the said last-recited Act it is enacted, that all Laws, Bye-Laws, Usages, or Customs in practice, or endeavoured or pretended to be in force or practice in any of the British Possessions in America, which are in anywise repugnant to the said Act or to any Act of Parliament made or to be made in the United Kingdom, so far as such Act shall relate to and mention the said Possessions, are and shall be null and void to all Intents and Purposes whatsoever:[1745] In case the Legislature or proper legislative Authorities in any British Possession shall be disposed to make due Provision for securing or protecting the Rights of British Authors in such Possession, and shall pass an Act or make an Ordinance for that Purpose, and shall transmit the same in the proper Manner to the Secretary of State, in order that it may be submitted to Her Majesty, and in case Her Majesty shall be of opinion that such Act or Ordinance is sufficient for the Purpose of securing to British Authors reasonable Protection within such Possession, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, if She think fit so to do, to express Her Royal Approval of such Act or Ordinance, and thereupon to issue an Order in Council declaring that so long as the Provisions of such Act or Ordinance continue in force within such Colony the Prohibitions contained in the aforesaid Acts, and hereinbefore recited, and any Prohibitions contained in the said Acts or in any other Acts against the importing, selling, letting out to hire, exposing for Sale or Hire, or possessing Foreign Reprints of Books first composed, written, printed, or published in the United Kingdom, and entitled to Copyright therein, shall be suspended so far as regards such Colony; and thereupon such Act or Ordinance shall come into operation, except so far as may be otherwise provided therein, or as may be otherwise directed by such Order in Council, any thing in the said last-recited Act or in any other Act to the contrary notwithstanding.

Orders in Council to be published in Gazette. Orders in Council and the Colonial Acts or Ordinances to be laid before Parliament. Act may be amended, &c.

II. Every such Order in Council shall, within One Week after the issuing thereof, be published in the London Gazette, and a Copy thereof, and of every such Colonial Act or Ordinance so approved as aforesaid by Her Majesty, shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament within Six Weeks after the issuing of such Order, if Parliament be then sitting, or if Parliament be not then sitting, then within Six Weeks after the opening of the next Session of Parliament.

III. And be it enacted, This Act may be amended or repealed by any Act to be passed in the present Session of Parliament.[1746]

COPYRIGHT IN DESIGNS ACT, 1850. 13 & 14 Vict. c. 104.

An Act to extend and amend the Acts relating to the Copyright of Designs.

[14th August 1850.]

Registration of Sculpture, Models, &c.

VI. The Registrar of Designs, upon Application by or on behalf of the Proprietor of any Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast within the Protection of the Sculpture Copyright Acts, and upon being furnished with such Copy, Drawing, Print, or Description, in Writing or in Print, as in the Judgment of the said Registrar shall be sufficient to identify the particular Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast in respect of which Registration is desired, and the Name of the Person claiming to be Proprietor, together with his Place of Abode or Business or other Place of Address, or the Name, Style, or Title of the Firm under which he may be trading, shall register such Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast in such Manner and Form as shall from Time to Time be prescribed or approved by the Board of Trade for the whole or any Part of the Term during which Copyright in such Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast may or shall exist under the Sculpture Copyright Acts; and whenever any such Registration shall be made, the said Registrar shall certify under his Hand and Seal of Office, in such Form as the said Board shall direct or approve, the Fact of such Registration, and the Date of the same, and the Name of the registered Proprietor, or the Style or Title of the Firm under which such Proprietor may be trading, together with his Place of Abode or Business or other Place of Address.[1747]

Benefits conferred by Registration of Sculpture, &c.

VII. If any Person shall, during the Continuance of the Copyright in any Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast which shall have been so registered as aforesaid, make, import, or cause to be made, imported, exposed for Sale, or otherwise disposed of, any pirated Copy or pirated Cast of any such Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast, in such Manner and under such Circumstances as would entitle the Proprietor to a special Action on the case under the Sculpture Copyright Acts, the Person so offending shall forfeit for every such Offence a Sum not less than Five Pounds and not exceeding Thirty Pounds to the Proprietor of the Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast whereof the Copyright shall have been infringed; and for the Recovery of any such Penalty the Proprietor of the Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast which shall have been so pirated shall have and be entitled to the same Remedies as are provided for the Recovery of Penalties incurred under the Designs Act, 1842: Provided always, that the Proprietor of any Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast which shall be registered under this Act shall not be entitled to the Benefit of this Act, unless every Copy or Cast of such Sculpture, Model, Copy, or Cast which shall be published by him after such Registration shall be marked with the Word "registered" and with the Date of Registration.[1748]

THE INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT ACT, 1852. 15 & 16 Vict. c. 12.

An Act to enable Her Majesty to carry into effect a Convention with France on the subject of Copyright; to extend and explain the International Copyright Acts: and to explain the Acts relating to Copyright in Engravings.

[28th May 1852.]

Whereas an Act was passed in the Seventh Year of the Reign of Her present Majesty, intituled An Act to amend the Law relating to International Copyright, hereinafter called "The International Copyright Act": And whereas a Convention has lately been concluded between Her Majesty and the French Republic, for extending in each Country the Enjoyment of Copyright in Works of Literature and the Fine Arts first published in the other, and for certain Reductions of Duties now levied on Books, Prints, and Musical Works published in France: And whereas certain of the Stipulations on the Part of Her Majesty contained in the said Treaty require the Authority of Parliament: And whereas it is expedient that such Authority should be given, and that Her Majesty should be enabled to make similar Stipulations in any Treaty on the Subject of Copyright which may hereafter be concluded with any Foreign Power: Be it enacted as follows:

I. The 18th Section of 7 Vict. c. 12 shall be repealed so far as the same is inconsistent with the provisions hereinafter contained.

II. Her Majesty may by Order in Council[1749] direct that the Authors of Books which are after a future Time to be specified in such Order, published in any foreign Country to be named in such Order, their Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, shall, subject to the Provisions hereinafter contained or referred to, be empowered to prevent the Publication in the British Dominions of any Translations of such Books not authorised by them, for such Time as may be specified in such Order, not extending beyond the Expiration of five Years from the Time at which the authorised Translations of such Books hereinafter mentioned are respectively first published, and in the case of Books published in Parts not extending as to each Part beyond the Expiration of Five Years from the Time at which the authorised Translation of such Part is first published.

III. Subject to any Provisions or Qualifications contained in such Order and to the provisions herein contained or referred to, the Laws and Enactments for the Time being in force for the purpose of preventing the Infringement of Copyright in Books published in the British Dominions, shall be applied for the Purpose of preventing the publication of Translations of the Books to which such Order extends which are not sanctioned by the Authors of such Books, except only such Parts of the said Enactments as relate to the Delivery of Copies of Books for the Use of the British Museum and for the Use of the other Libraries therein referred to.

IV. Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that Authors of Dramatic Pieces which are after a future Time to be specified in such Order, first publicly represented in any Foreign Country, to be named in such Order, their Executors, Administrators, and Assigns, shall, subject to the Provisions hereinafter mentioned or referred to, be empowered to prevent the Representation in the British Dominions of any Translation of such Dramatic Pieces not authorised by them, for such Time as may be specified in such Order, not extending beyond the Expiration of Five Years from the Time at which the Authorised Translations of such Dramatic Pieces hereinafter mentioned are first published or publicly represented.

V. Subject to any Provisions or Qualifications contained in such last-mentioned Order and to the Provisions hereinafter contained or referred to, the Laws and Enactments for the Time being in force for ensuring to the Author of any Dramatic Piece first publicly represented in the British Dominions, the sole Liberty of representing the same shall be applied for the Purpose of preventing the Representation of any Translations of the Dramatic Pieces to which such last-mentioned Order extends, which are not sanctioned by the Authors thereof.[1750]

VI. Nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prevent fair Imitations or Adaptations to the English Stage of any Dramatic Piece or Musical Composition published in any Foreign Country.

VII. Notwithstanding any thing in the said International Copyright Act or in this Act contained any Article of Political Discussion which has been published in any Newspaper or Periodical in a Foreign Country may, if the source from which the same is taken be acknowledged, be republished or translated in any Newspaper or Periodical in this Country: and any Article relating to any other Subject which has been so published as aforesaid may, if the source from which the same is taken be acknowledged, be republished or translated in like Manner, unless the Author has signified his Intention of preserving the Copyright therein and the Right of Translating the same in some conspicuous Part of the Newspaper or Periodical in which the same was first published, in which case the same shall without the Formalities required by the next following Section, receive the same Protection as is by virtue of the International Copyright Act or this Act extended to Books.

VIII. No Author, or his Executors, Administrators, or Assigns shall be entitled to the Benefit of this Act, or of any Order in Council issued in pursuance thereof, in respect of the Translation of any Book or Dramatic Piece, if the following Requisitions are not complied with; (that is to say)

1. The original Work from which the Translation is to be made must be registered and a Copy thereof deposited in the United Kingdom in the manner required for Original Works by the said International Copyright Act within Three Calendar Months of its First Publication in the Foreign Country:

2. The Author must notify on the Title Page of the original Work, or if it is published in Parts on the Title Page of the first Part, or if there is no Title Page on some conspicuous Part of the Work, that it is his Intention to reserve the Right of Translating it:

3. The Translation sanctioned by the Author, or a Part thereof, must be published either in the country mentioned in the Order in Council, by virtue of which it is to be protected, or in the British Dominions, not later than One Year after the Registration and Deposit in the United Kingdom of the original Work, and the whole of such Translation must be published within Three Years of such Registration and Deposit:

4. Such Translation must be registered, and a Copy thereof deposited in the United Kingdom within a Time to be mentioned in that Behalf in the Order by which it is protected, and in the Manner provided by the said International Copyright Act for the Registration and Deposit of Original Works:

5. In the Case of Books published in Parts each Part of the original Work must be registered and deposited in this Country in the Manner required by the said International Copyright Act within Three Months after the first Publication thereof in the Foreign Country:

6. In the Case of Dramatic Pieces the Translation sanctioned by the Author must be published within Three Calendar Months of the Registration of the Original Work:

7. The above Requisitions shall apply to Articles originally published in Newspapers or Periodicals, if the same be afterwards published in separate form, but shall not apply to such Articles as originally published.[1751]

IX. All Copies of any Works of Literature or Art wherein there is any subsisting Copyright by virtue of the International Copyright Act and this Act, or of any Order in Council made in pursuance of such Acts or either of them, and which are printed, reprinted, or made in any Foreign Country, except that in which such Work shall be first published, and all unauthorised Translations of any Book or Dramatic Piece, the Publication or public Representation in the British Dominions of Translations whereof not authorised as in this Act mentioned shall for the Time being be prevented under any Order in Council made in pursuance of this Act, are hereby absolutely prohibited to be imported into any Part of the British Dominions, except by, or with the Consent of the registered Proprietor of the Copyright 6f such Work or of such Book or Piece, or his Agent authorised in Writing; and the Provision of 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45, for the Forfeiture, Seizure, and Destruction of any printed Book first published in the United Kingdom wherein there shall be Copyright, and reprinted in any Country out of the British Dominions, and imported into any Part of the British Dominions by any Person not being the Proprietor of the Copyright, or a Person authorised by such Proprietor, shall extend and be applicable to all Copies of any Works of Literature and Art, and to all Translations, the Importation whereof into any Part of the British Dominions is prohibited under this Act.

X. The Provisions hereinbefore contained shall be incorporated with the International Copyright Act, and shall be read and construed therewith as One Act.

XI. [Clause dispensing with a further Order in Council in respect of the Convention with France, Rep. Int. Cop. Act, 1886, sec. 12].

XII., XIII. [Clauses dealing with Duties on imported Works, Rep. Stat. Law Rev. Act, 1875].

XIV. And Whereas by the Four several Acts of Parliament following; (that is to say) 8 Geo. II. c. 13; 7 Geo. III. c. 38; 17 Geo. III. c. 57; 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 59, Provision is made for securing to every Person who invents or designs, engraves, etches, or works in Mezzotinto or Chiaro oscuro, or, from his own Work, Design, or Invention, causes or procures to be designed, engraved, etched, or worked in Mezzotinto or Chiaro oscuro any Historical Print or Prints, or any Print or Prints of any Portrait, Conversation, Landscape, or Architecture, Map, Chart or Plan, or any other Print or Prints whatsoever, and to every Person who engraves, etches, or works in Mezzotinto or Chiaro oscuro, or causes to be engraved, etched, or worked, any Print taken from any Picture, Drawing, Model, or Sculpture, notwithstanding such Print has not been graven or drawn from his own original Design, certain Copyrights therein defined: And whereas doubts are entertained whether the Provisions of the said Acts extend to Lithographs and certain other Impressions, and it is expedient to remove such Doubts:

It is hereby declared, That the Provisions of the said Acts are intended to include Prints taken by Lithography, or any other Mechanical Process by which Prints or Impressions of Drawings or Designs are capable of being multiplied indefinitely, and the said Acts shall be construed accordingly.

THE FINE ARTS COPYRIGHT ACT, 1862. 25 & 26 Vict. c. 68.

An Act for amending the Law relating to Copyright in Works of the Fine Arts, and for repressing the Commission of Fraud in the Production and Sale of such Works.

[29th July 1862.]

Whereas by Law, as now established, the Authors of Paintings, Drawings, and Photographs have no Copyright in such their Works, and it is expedient that the Law should in that respect be amended:

Copyright in Works hereafter made or sold to vest in the Author for his Life and for Seven Years after his Death.

I. The Author, being a British Subject or resident[1752] within the Dominions of the Crown, of every original Painting, Drawing, and Photograph[1753] which shall be or shall have been made either in the British Dominions or elsewhere, and which shall not have been sold or disposed of before the Commencement of this Act, and his Assigns, shall have the sole and exclusive Right of copying, engraving, reproducing, and multiplying such Painting or Drawing, and the Design thereof,[1754] or such Photograph, and the Negative thereof, by any Means and of any Size, for the Term of the natural Life of such Author, and Seven Years after his Death; provided that when any Painting or Drawing, or the Negative of any Photograph, shall for the First Time after the passing of this Act be sold or disposed of,[1755] or shall be made or executed for or on behalf of any other Person for a good or a valuable Consideration,[1756] the Person so selling or disposing of or making or executing the same shall not retain the Copyright thereof, unless it be expressly reserved to him by Agreement in Writing, signed, at or before the Time of such Sale or Disposition, by the Vendee or Assignee of such Painting or Drawing, or of such Negative of a Photograph, or by the Person for or on whose Behalf the same shall be so made or executed, but the Copyright shall belong to the Vendee or Assignee oi such Painting or Drawing, or of such Negative of a Photograph, or to the Person for or on whose Behalf the same shall have been made or executed; nor shall the Vendee or Assignee thereof be entitled to any such Copyright, unless, at or before the Time of such Sale or Disposition, an Agreement in Writing, signed by the Person so selling or disposing of the same, or by his Agent duly authorised, shall have been made to that Effect.

Copyright not to prevent the Representation of the same Subjects in other Works. Assignments, Licences, &c., to be in Writing.

II. Nothing herein contained shall prejudice the Right of any Person to copy or use any Work in which there shall be no Copyright, or to represent any Scene or Object, notwithstanding that there may be Copyright in some Representation of such Scene or Object.

III. All Copyright under this Act shall be deemed Personal or Movable Estate, and shall be assignable at Law, and every Assignment thereof, and every License to use or copy by any Means or Process the Design or Work which shall be the subject of such Copyright, shall be made by some Note or Memorandum in Writing, to be signed by the Proprietor of the Copyright, or by his Agent appointed for that Purpose in Writing.

Register of Proprietors of Copyright in Paintings, Drawings, and Photographs to be kept at Stationers' Hall as in 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45.

IV.[1757] There shall be kept at the Hall of the Stationers' Company by the Officer appointed by the said Company for the Purposes of the Act passed in the Sixth Year of Her present Majesty, intituled An Act to amend the Law of Copyright, a Book or Books, entitled "The Register of Proprietors of Copyright in Paintings, Drawings, and Photographs," wherein shall be entered a Memorandum of every Copyright to which any Person shall be entitled under this Act, and also of every subsequent Assignment of any such Copyright; and such Memorandum shall contain a Statement of the Date of such Agreement or Assignment, and of the Names of the Parties thereto, and of the Name and Place of Abode of the Person in whom such Copyright shall be vested by virtue thereof, and of the Name and Place of Abode of the Author of the Work in which there shall be such Copyright, together with a short Description of the Nature and Subject of such Work, and in addition thereto, if the Person registering shall so desire, a Sketch, Outline, or Photograph of the said Work, and no Proprietor of any such Copyright shall be entitled to the Benefit of this Act until such Registration, and no Action shall be sustainable nor any Penalty be recoverable in respect of anything done before Registration.

Certain Enactments of 5 & 6 Vict. c. 45 to apply to the Books to be kept under this Act.

V. The several Enactments in the said Act of the Sixth Year of Her present Majesty contained, with relation to keeping the Register Book thereby required, and the Inspection thereof, the Searches therein and the Delivery of certified and stamped Copies thereof, the Reception of such Copies in Evidence, the making of false Entries in the said Book, and the Production in Evidence of Papers falsely purporting to be Copies of Entries in the said Book, the Application to the Courts and Judges by Persons aggrieved by Entries in the said Book, and the expunging and varying such Entries shall apply to the Book or Books to be kept by virtue of this Act, and to the Entries and Assignments of Copyright and Proprietorship therein under this Act, in such and the same Manner as if such Enactments were here expressly enacted in relation thereto, save and except that the Forms of Entry prescribed by the said Act of the Sixth Year of Her present Majesty may be varied to meet the Circumstances of the Case, and that the Sum to be demanded by the Officer of the said Company of Stationers for making any Entry required by this Act shall be One Shilling only.

Penalties on Infringement of Copyright.

VI. If the Author of any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph in which there shall be subsisting Copyright, after having sold or disposed of such Copyright, or if any other Person, not being the Proprietor for the Time being of Copyright in any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, shall, without the Consent of such Proprietor, repeat, copy, colourably imitate, or otherwise multiply for Sale, Hire, Exhibition, or Distribution, or cause or procure to be repeated, copied, colourably imitated, or otherwise multiplied for Sale, Hire, Exhibition, or Distribution, any such Work or the Design thereof, or, knowing that any such Repetition, Copy, or other Imitation has been unlawfully made,[1758] shall import into any Part of the United Kingdom, or sell, publish, let to Hire, exhibit, or distribute, or offer for Sale, Hire, Exhibition, or Distribution, or cause or procure to be imported, sold, published, let to Hire, distributed, or offered for Sale, Hire, Exhibition, or Distribution, any Repetition, Copy, or Imitation of the said Work, or of the Design thereof, made without such Consent as aforesaid, such Person for every such Offence[1759] shall forfeit to the Proprietor of the Copyright for the Time being a Sum not exceeding Ten Pounds[1760]; and all such Repetitions, Copies, and Imitations made without such Consent as aforesaid, and all Negatives of Photographs made for the Purpose of obtaining such Copies, shall be forfeited to the Proprietor of the Copyright.

Penalties on fraudulent Productions and Sales.

VII. No Person shall do or cause to be done any or either of the following Acts; that is to say:

First, no Person shall fraudulently sign or otherwise affix, or fraudulently cause to be signed or otherwise affixed, to or upon any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, or the Negative thereof, any Name, Initials, or Monogram:

Secondly, no Person shall fraudulently sell, publish, exhibit, or dispose of, or offer for Sale, Exhibition, or Distribution, any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, or Negative of a Photograph, having thereon the Name, Initials, or Monogram of a Person who did not execute or make such Work:

Thirdly, no Person shall fraudulently utter, dispose of, or put off, or cause to be uttered or disposed of, any Copy or colourable Imitation of any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, or Negative of a Photograph, whether there shall be subsisting Copyright therein or not, as having been made or executed by the Author or Maker of the original Work from which such Copy or Imitation shall have been taken:

Fourthly, where the Author or Maker of any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, or Negative of a Photograph, made either before or after the passing of this Act, shall have sold or otherwise parted with the Possession of such Work, if any Alteration shall afterwards be made therein by any other Person, by Addition or otherwise, no Person shall be at liberty, during the Life of the Author or Maker of such Work, without his Consent, to make or knowingly to sell or publish, or offer for Sale, such Work or any Copies of such Work so altered as aforesaid, or of any Part thereof, as or for the unaltered Work of such Author or Maker:

Penalties.

Every Offender under this Section shall, upon Conviction, forfeit to the Person aggrieved a Sum not exceeding Ten Pounds, or not exceeding double the full Price, if any, at which all such Copies, Engravings, Imitations, or altered Works shall have been sold or offered for Sale; and all such Copies, Engravings, Imitations, or altered Works shall be forfeited to the Person, or the Assigns or legal Representatives of the Person, whose Name, Initials, or Monogram shall be so fraudulently signed or affixed thereto, or to whom such spurious or altered Work shall be so fraudulently or falsely ascribed as aforesaid: Provided always, that the Penalties imposed by this Section shall not be incurred unless the Person whose Name, Initials, or Monogram shall be so fraudulently signed or affixed, or to whom such spurious or altered Work shall be so fraudulently or falsely ascribed as aforesaid, shall have been living at or within Twenty Years next before the Time when the Offence may have been committed.

Recovery of pecuniary Penalties.

VIII. All pecuniary Penalties which shall be incurred, and all such unlawful Copies, Imitations, and all other Effects and Things as shall have been forfeited by Offenders, pursuant to this Act, and pursuant to any Act for the Protection of Copyright Engravings, may be recovered by the Person hereinbefore and in any such Act as aforesaid empowered to recover the same respectively, and hereinafter called the Complainant or the Complainer, as follows:

In England and Ireland.

In Scotland.

In England and Ireland, either by Action against the Party offending, or by summary Proceeding before any Two Justices having Jurisdiction where the Party offending resides:

In Scotland by Action before the Court of Session in ordinary Form, or by summary Action before the Sheriff of the County where the Offence may be committed or the Offender resides, who, upon Proof of the Offence or Offences, either by Confession of the Party offending, or by the Oath or Affirmation of One or more credible Witnesses, shall convict the Offender, and find him liable to the Penalty or Penalties aforesaid, as also in Expenses, and it shall be lawful for the Sheriff in pronouncing such Judgment for the Penalty or Penalties and Costs, to insert in such Judgment a Warrant, in the event of such Penalty or Penalties and Costs not being paid, to levy and recover the Amount of the same by Poinding: Provided always, that it shall be lawful to the Sheriff, in the event of his dismissing the Action and assoilzieing the Defender, to find the Complainer liable in Expenses,[1761] and any Judgment so to be pronounced by the Sheriff in such summary Application shall be final and conclusive, and not subject to Review by Advocation,[1762] Suspension, Reduction, or otherwise.

Superior Courts of Record in which any Action is pending may make an Order for an Injunction, Inspection, or Account.

IX. In any Action in any of Her Majesty's Superior Courts of Record at Westminster and in Dublin, for the Infringement of any such Copyright as aforesaid, it shall be lawful for the Court in which such Action is pending, if the Court be then sitting, or if the Court be not sitting then for a Judge of such Court, on the Application of the Plaintiff or Defendant respectively, to make such Order for an Injunction, Inspection, or Account, and to give such Direction respecting such Action, Injunction, Inspection, and Account, and the Proceedings therein respectively, as to such Court or Judge may seem fit.

Importation of pirated Works prohibited.

Application in such Cases of Customs Acts.

X. All Repetitions, Copies, or Imitations of Paintings, Drawings, or Photographs, wherein or in the Design whereof there shall be subsisting Copyright under this Act, and all Repetitions, Copies, and Imitations of the Design of any such Painting or Drawing, or of the Negative of any such Photograph, which, contrary to the Provisions of this Act, shall have been made in any Foreign State, or in any Part of the British Dominions, are hereby absolutely prohibited to be imported into any Part of the United Kingdom, except by or with the Consent of the Proprietor of the Copyright thereof, or his Agent authorised in Writing; and if the Proprietor of any such Copyright, or his Agent, shall declare that any Goods imported are Repetitions, Copies, or Imitations of any such Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, or of the Negative of any such Photograph, and so prohibited as aforesaid, then such Goods may be detained by the Officers of Her Majesty's Customs.

Saving of Right to bring Action for Damages.

XI. If the Author of any Painting, Drawing, or Photograph, in which there shall be subsisting Copyright, after having sold or otherwise disposed of such Copyright, or if any other Person, not being the Proprietor for the Time being of such Copyright, shall, without the Consent of such Proprietor, repeat, copy, colourably imitate, or otherwise multiply, or cause or procure[1763] to be repeated, copied, colourably imitated, or otherwise multiplied, for Sale, Hire, Exhibition, or Distribution, any such Work or the Design thereof, or the Negative of any such Photograph, or shall import or cause to be imported into any Part of the United Kingdom, or sell, publish, let to Hire, exhibit, or distribute, or offer for Sale, Hire, Exhibition, or Distribution, or cause or procure to be sold, published, let to Hire, exhibited, or distributed, or offered for Sale, Hire, Exhibition, or Distribution, any Repetition, Copy, or Imitation, of such Work, or the Design thereof, or the Negative of any such Photograph, made without such Consent as aforesaid, then every such Proprietor, in addition to the Remedies hereby given for the Recovery of any such Penalties, and Forfeiture of any such Things as aforesaid, may recover Damages by and in a Special Action on the Case, to be brought against the Person so offending, and may in such Action recover and enforce the Delivery to him of all unlawful Repetitions, Copies, and Imitations, and Negatives of Photographs, or may recover Damages for the Retention or Conversion thereof: Provided that nothing herein contained, nor any Proceeding, Conviction, or Judgment, for any Act hereby forbidden, shall affect any Remedy which any Person aggrieved by such Act may be entitled to either at Law or in Equity.

Provisions of 7 & 8 Vict. c. 12 to be considered as included in this Act.

XII. This Act shall be considered as including the Provisions of the Act passed in the Session of Parliament held in the Seventh and Eighth Years of Her present Majesty, intituled An Act to amend the Law relating to International Copyright, in the same Manner as if such Provisions were Part of this Act.

THE INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT ACT, 1875. 38 Vict. c. 12.

An Act to amend the Law relating to International Copyright.

[13th May 1875.]

15 Vict. c. 12.

Whereas by an Act passed in the fifteenth year of the reign of Her present Majesty, chapter twelve, intituled "An Act to enable Her Majesty to carry into effect a convention with France on the subject of copyright; to extend and explain the International Copyright Acts; and to explain the Acts relating to copyright in engravings" it is enacted, that "Her Majesty may, by Order in Council, direct that authors of dramatic pieces which are, after a future time, to be specified in such order, first publicly represented in any foreign country, to be named in such order, their executors, administrators, and assigns, shall, subject to the provisions thereinafter mentioned or referred to, be empowered to prevent the representation in the British dominions of any translation of such dramatic pieces not authorised by them, for such time as may be specified in such order, not extending beyond the expiration of five years from the time at which the authorised translations of such dramatic pieces are first published and publicly represented:"

And whereas by the same Act it is further enacted, "that, subject to any provisions or qualifications contained in such order, and to the provisions in the said Act contained or referred to, the laws and enactments for the time being in force for ensuring to the author of any dramatic piece first publicly represented in the British dominions the sole liberty of representing the same shall be applied for the purpose of preventing the representation of any translations of the dramatic pieces to which such order extends, which are not sanctioned by the authors thereof:"

And whereas by the sixth section of the said Act it is provided, that "nothing in the said Act contained shall be so construed as to prevent fair imitations or adaptations to the English stage of any dramatic piece or musical composition published in any foreign country:"

And whereas it is expedient to alter or amend the last-mentioned provision under certain circumstances.[1764] Be it therefore enacted as follows, viz.:—

Section 6 of recited Act not to apply to dramatic pieces in certain cases.

I. In any case in which, by virtue of the enactments hereinbefore recited, any Order in Council has been or may hereafter be made for the purpose of extending protection to the translations of dramatic pieces first publicly represented in any foreign country, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty by Order in Council to direct that the sixth section of the said Act shall not apply to the dramatic pieces to which protection is so extended; and thereupon the said recited Act shall take effect with respect to such dramatic pieces and to the translations thereof as if the said sixth section of the said Act were hereby repealed.

THE CANADA COPYRIGHT ACT, 1875.[1765] 38 & 39 Vict. c. 53.

An Act to give effect to an Act of the Parliament of the Dominion of Canada respecting Copyright.

[2nd August 1875.]

Whereas by an Order of Her Majesty in Council, dated the 7th day of July 1868, it was ordered that all prohibitions contained in Acts of the Imperial Parliament against the importing into the Province of Canada, or against the selling, letting out to hire, exposing for sale or hire, or possessing therein foreign reprints of books first composed, written, printed, or published in the United Kingdom, and entitled to copyright therein, should be suspended so far as regarded Canada:

And whereas the Senate and House of Commons of Canada did, in the second session of the third Parliament of the Dominion of Canada, held in the thirty-eighth year of Her Majesty's reign, pass a Bill intituled "An Act respecting Copyrights," which Bill has been reserved by the Governor-General for the signification of Her Majesty's pleasure thereon:

And whereas by the said reserved Bill provision is made, subject to such conditions as in the said Bill are mentioned, for securing in Canada the rights of authors in respect of matters of copyright, and for prohibiting the importation into Canada of any work for which copyright under the said reserved Bill has been secured; and whereas doubts have arisen whether the said reserved Bill may not be repugnant to the said Order in Council, and it is expedient to remove such doubts and to confirm the said Bill:[1766]

Be it enacted as follows:

Short title of Act.

I. This Act may be cited for all purposes as The Canada Copyright Act, 1875.

Definition of terms.

II. In the construction of this Act the words "book" and "copyright" shall have respectively the same meaning as in the Act of the fifth and sixth years of Her Majesty's reign, chapter forty-five, intituled "An Act to amend the Law of Copyright."

Her Majesty may assent to the Bill in schedule.

III. It shall be lawful for Her Majesty in Council to assent to the said reserved Bill, as contained in the schedule to this Act annexed, and if Her Majesty shall be pleased to signify Her assent thereto, the said Bill shall come into operation at such time and in such manner as Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct; anything in the Act of the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth years of the reign of Her Majesty, chapter ninety-three, or in any other Act to the contrary notwithstanding.

Colonial reprints not to be imported into United Kingdom.

IV. Where any book in which, at the time when the said reserved Bill comes into operation, there is copyright in the United Kingdom, or any book in which thereafter there shall be such copyright, becomes entitled to copyright in Canada in pursuance of the provisions of the said reserved Bill, it shall be unlawful for any person, not being the owner, in the United Kingdom, of the copyright in such book, or some person authorised by him, to import into the United Kingdom any copies of such book reprinted or republished in Canada; and for the purposes of such importation the seventeenth section of the said Act of the fifth and sixth years of the reign of Her Majesty, chapter forty-five, shall apply to all such books in the same manner as if they had been reprinted out of the British dominions.

Order in Council of 7th July 1868 to continue in force subject to this Act.

V. The said Order in Council, dated the seventh day of July one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, shall continue in force so far as relates to books which are not entitled to copyright for the time being, in pursuance of the said reserved Bill.

THE CUSTOMS LAWS CONSOLIDATION ACT, 1876. 39 & 40 Vict. c. 36.

XLII. The goods enumerated and described in the following table of prohibitions and restrictions inwards are hereby prohibited to be imported or brought into the United Kingdom, save as thereby excepted, and if any goods so enumerated and described shall be imported or brought into the United Kingdom contrary to the prohibitions or restrictions contained therein, such goods shall be forfeited, and may be destroyed or otherwise disposed of as the Commissioners of Customs may direct.

A Table of Prohibitions and Restrictions Inwards.

Goods prohibited to be imported.—Books wherein the Copyright shall be first subsisting, first composed or written or printed in the United Kingdom, and printed or reprinted in any other Country as to which the proprietor of such Copyright or his agent shall have given to the Commissioners of Customs a notice in writing, duly declared, that such Copyright subsists, such notice also stating when such Copyright will expire.[1767]

XLIV. The Commissioners of Customs shall cause to be made and to be publicly exposed at the Custom Houses in the several ports in the United Kingdom lists of all books wherein the Copyright shall be subsisting, and as to which the proprietor of such Copyright, or his agent, shall have given notice in writing to the said Commissioners that such Copyright exists, stating in such notice when such Copyright expires, accompanied by a declaration made and subscribed before a collector of Customs or a justice of the peace that the contents of such notice are true.

XLV. If any person shall have cause to complain of the insertion of any book in such lists, it shall be lawful for any judge at chambers, on the application of the person so complaining, to issue a summons calling upon the person upon whose notice such book shall have been so inserted to appear before any such judge at a time to be appointed in such summons, to show cause why such book shall not be expunged from such lists, and any such judge shall at the time so appointed proceed to hear and determine upon the matter of such summons and make his order thereon in writing; and upon service of such order or a certified copy thereof, upon the Commissioners of Customs or their secretary for the time being, the said Commissioners shall expunge such book from the list, or retain the same therein according to the tenor of such order; and in case such book shall be expunged from such list, the importation thereof shall not be deemed to be prohibited. If at the time appointed in any such summons the person so summoned shall not appear before such judge, then upon proof by affidavit that such summons or a true copy thereof has been personally served upon the person so summoned, or sent to him by post to or left at his last known place of abode or business, any such judge may proceed ex parte to hear and determine the matter; but if either party be dissatisfied with such order he may apply to a superior Court to review such decision and to make such further order thereon as the Court may see fit: Provided always that nothing herein contained shall affect any proceeding at law or in equity which any party aggrieved by reason of the insertion of any book pursuant to any such notice, or the removal of any book from such list pursuant to any such order or by reason of any false declaration under this Act, might or would otherwise have against any party giving such notice or obtaining such order or making such false declaration.

CLII. Any books wherein the copyright shall be subsisting, first composed or written or printed in the United Kingdom, and printed or reprinted in any other country, shall be and are hereby absolutely prohibited to be imported into the British possessions abroad: Provided always that no such books shall be prohibited to be imported as aforesaid, unless the proprietor of such copyright, or his agent, shall have given notice in writing to the Commissioners of Customs that such copyright subsists, and in such notice shall have stated when the copyright will expire: and the said Commissioners shall cause to be made and transmitted to the several ports in the British possessions abroad, from time to time to be publicly exposed there, lists of books respecting which such notice shall have been duly given, and all books imported contrary thereto shall be forfeited: but nothing herein contained shall be taken to prevent Her Majesty from exercising the powers vested in her by 10 & 11 Vict. c. 95 to suspend in certain cases such prohibition.

THE COPYRIGHT (MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS) ACT, 1882. 45 & 46 Vict. c. 40.

An Act to amend the law of Copyright relating to Musical Compositions.

[10th August 1882.]

Whereas it is expedient to amend the law relating to copyright in musical compositions, and to protect the public from vexatious proceedings for the recovery of penalties for the unauthorised performance of the same.[1768]

Be it therefore enacted as follows:

Printed notice restraining public performance.

I.[1769] The proprietor of the copyright in any musical composition first published after the passing of this Act, or his assignee, who shall be entitled to and be desirous of retaining in his own hands exclusively the right of public representation or performance of the same, shall print or cause to be printed upon the title-page of every published copy of such musical composition a notice to the effect that the right of public representation or performance is reserved.

Provision when right of performance and copyright are vested in different owners.

II. In case the right of public representation or performance of, and the copyright in, any musical composition shall be or become vested before publication of any copy thereof in different owners, then, if the owner of the right of public representation or performance shall desire to retain the same, he shall, before any such publication of any copy of such musical composition, give to the owner of the copyright therein notice in writing requiring him to print upon every copy of such musical composition a notice to the effect that the right of public representation or performance is reserved; but in case the right of public representation or performance of, and the copyright in, any musical composition shall, after publication of any copy thereof subsequently to the passing of this Act, first become vested in different owners, and such notice as aforesaid shall have been duly printed on all copies published after the passing of this Act previously to such vesting, then, if the owner of the right of performance and representation shall desire to retain the same, he shall, before the publication of any further copies of such musical composition, give notice in writing to the person in whom the copyright shall be then vested, requiring him to print such notice as aforesaid on every copy of such musical composition to be thereafter published.

Penalty on owner of copyright for non-compliance with notice from owner of right of performance.

III. If the owner for the time being of the copyright in any musical composition shall, after due notice being given to him or his predecessor in title at the time, and generally in accordance with the last preceding section, neglect or fail to print legibly and conspicuously upon every copy of such composition published by him or by his authority, or by any person lawfully entitled to publish the same, and claiming through or under him, a note or memorandum stating that the right of public representation or performance is reserved, then and in such case the owner of the copyright at the time of the happening of such neglect or default, shall forfeit and pay to the owner of the right of public representation or performance of such composition the sum of twenty pounds, to be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction.

Costs.

3 & 4 Will. 4 c. 15.

IV. Notwithstanding the provisions of the Act passed in the third and fourth years of His Majesty King William the Fourth, to amend the laws relating to dramatic literary property, or any other Act in which those provisions are incorporated, the costs of any action or proceedings for penalties or damages in respect of the unauthorised representation or performance of any musical composition published before the passing of this Act shall, in cases in which the plaintiff shall not recover more than forty shillings as penalty or damages, be in the discretion of the court or judge before whom such action or proceedings shall be tried.[1770]

Short title.

V. This Act may be cited as the Copyright (Musical Compositions) Act, 1882.

THE INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT ACT, 1886. 49 & 50 Vict. c. 33.

An Act to amend the Law respecting International and Colonial Copyright.

[25th June 1886.]

Whereas by the International Copyright Acts Her Majesty is authorised by Order in Council to direct that as regards literary and artistic works first published in a foreign country the author shall have copyright therein during the period specified in the order, not exceeding the period during which authors of the like works first published in the United Kingdom have copyright:

And whereas at an international conference held at Berne in the month of September one thousand eight hundred and eighty-five a draft of a convention was agreed to for giving to authors of literary and artistic works first published in one of the countries parties to the convention copyright in such works throughout the other countries parties to the convention:

And whereas, without the authority of Parliament, such convention cannot be carried into effect in Her Majesty's dominions and consequently Her Majesty cannot become a party thereto, and it is expedient to enable Her Majesty to accede to the convention:[1771]

Be it therefore enacted as follows:

Short titles and construction.

I.—(1.) This Act may be cited as the International Copyright Act, 1886.

(2.) The Acts specified in the first part of the First Schedule to this Act, together with the enactment specified in the second part of the said schedule, are in this Act collectively referred to as the International Copyright Acts.

The Acts specified in the Second Schedule to this Act may be cited by the short titles in that schedule mentioned, and those Acts are in this Act referred to, and may be cited collectively as the Copyright Acts.

(3.) This Act and the International Copyright Acts shall be construed together, and may be cited together as the International Copyright Acts, 1844 to 1886.

Amendment as to extent and effect of order under International Copyright Acts.

II. The following provisions shall apply to an Order in Council under the International Copyright Acts:

Simultaneous publication.

III.—(1.) An Order in Council under the International Copyright Acts may provide for determining the country in which a literary or artistic work first produced simultaneously in two or more countries, is to be deemed, for the purpose of copyright, to have been first produced, and for the purposes of this section "country" means the United Kingdom and a country to which an order under the said Acts applies.

(2.) Where a work produced simultaneously in the United Kingdom, and in some foreign country or countries is by virtue of an Order in Council under the International Copyright Acts deemed for the purpose of copyright to be first produced in one of the said foreign countries, and not in the United Kingdom, the copyright in the United Kingdom shall be such only as exists by virtue of production in the said foreign country, and shall not be such as would have been acquired if the work had been first produced in the United Kingdom.

Modification of certain provisions of International Copyright Acts.

IV.—(1.) Where an order respecting any foreign country is made under the International Copyright Acts the provisions of those Acts with respect to the registry and delivery of copies of works shall not apply to works produced in such country except so far as provided by the order.

(2.) Before making an Order in Council under the International Copyright Acts in respect of any foreign country, Her Majesty in Council shall be satisfied that that foreign country has made such provisions (if any) as it appears to Her Majesty expedient to require for the protection of authors of works first produced in the United Kingdom.

Restriction on translation.

V.—(1.) Where a work being a book or dramatic piece is first produced in a foreign country to which an Order in Council under the International Copyright Acts applies, the author or publisher, as the case may be, shall, unless otherwise directed by the order, have the same right of preventing the production in and importation into the United Kingdom of any translation not authorised by him of the said work as he has of preventing the production and importation of the original work.

(2.) Provided that if after the expiration of ten years, or any other term prescribed by the order, next after the end of the year in which the work, or in the case of a book published in numbers each number of the book, was first produced, an authorised translation in the English language of such work or number has not been produced, the said right to prevent the production in and importation into the United Kingdom of an unauthorised translation of such work shall cease.

(3.) The law relating to copyright, including this Act, shall apply to a lawfully produced translation of a work in like manner as if it were an original work.

(4.) Such of the provisions of the International Copyright Act, 1852, relating to translations as are unrepealed by this Act, shall apply in like manner as if they were re-enacted in this section.

Application of Act to existing works.

VI.[1772] Where an Order in Council is made under the International Copyright Acts with respect to any foreign country, the author and publisher of any literary or artistic work first produced before the date at which such order comes into operation shall be entitled to the same rights and remedies as if the said Acts and this Act and the said order had applied to the said foreign country at the date of the said production: Provided that where any person has before the date of the publication of an Order in Council lawfully produced any work in the United Kingdom, nothing in this section shall diminish or prejudice any rights or interests arising from or in connection with such production which are subsisting and valuable at the said date.

Evidence of foreign copyright.

VII. Where it is necessary to prove the existence or proprietorship of the copyright of any work first produced in a foreign country to which an Order in Council under the International Copyright Acts applies, an extract from a register, or a certificate, or other document stating the existence of the copyright, or the person who is the proprietor of such copyright, or is for the purpose of any legal proceedings in the United Kingdom deemed to be entitled to such copyright, if authenticated by the official seal of a Minister of State of the said foreign country, or by the official seal or the signature of a British diplomatic or consular officer acting in such country, shall be admissible as evidence of the facts named therein, and all courts shall take judicial notice of every such official seal and signature as is in this section mentioned, and shall admit in evidence, without proof, the documents authenticated by it.

Application of Copyright Acts to colonies.

VIII.—(1.) The Copyright Acts shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, apply to a literary or artistic work first produced in a British possession in like manner as they apply to a work first produced in the United Kingdom:[1773]

Provided that—

(2.) Where a register of copyright in books is kept under the authority of the government of a British possession, an extract from that register purporting to be certified as a true copy by the officer keeping it, and authenticated by the public seal of the British possession, or by the official seal or the signature of the governor of a British possession, or of a colonial secretary, or of some secretary or minister administering a department of the government of a British possession, shall be admissible in evidence of the contents of that register, and all courts shall take judicial notice of every such seal and signature, and shall admit in evidence, without further proof, all documents authenticated by it.

(3.) Where before the passing of this Act an Act or ordinance has been passed in any British possession respecting copyright in any literary or artistic works, Her Majesty in Council may make an Order modifying the Copyright Acts and this Act, so far as they apply to such British possession, and to literary and artistic works first produced therein, in such manner as to Her Majesty in Council seems expedient.

(4.) Nothing in the Copyright Acts or this Act shall prevent the passing in a British possession of any Act or ordinance respecting the copyright within the limits of such possession of works first produced in that possession.[1774]

Application of International Copyright Acts to colonies.

IX. Where it appears to Her Majesty expedient that an Order in Council under the International Copyright Acts made after the passing of this Act as respects any foreign country, should not apply to any British possession, it shall be lawful for Her Majesty by the same or any other Order in Council to declare that such Order and the International Copyright Acts and this Act shall not, and the same shall not, apply to such British possession, except so far as is necessary for preventing any prejudice to any rights acquired previously to the date of such Order; and the expressions in the said Acts relating to Her Majesty's dominions shall be construed accordingly; but save as provided by such declaration the said Acts and this Act shall apply to every British possession as if it were part of the United Kingdom.

Making of Orders in Council.

X.—(1.) It shall be lawful for Her Majesty from time to time to make Orders in Council for the purposes of the International Copyright Acts and this Act, for revoking or altering any Order in Council previously made in pursuance of the said Acts, or any of them.

(2.) Any such Order in Council shall not affect prejudicially any rights acquired or accrued at the date of such Order coming into operation, and shall provide for the protection of such rights.

Definitions.

XI. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—

The expression "literary and artistic work" means every book, print, lithograph, article of sculpture, dramatic piece, musical composition, painting, drawing, photograph, and other work of literature and art to which the Copyright Acts or the International Copyright Acts, as the case requires, extend.

The expression "author" means the author, inventor, designer, engraver, or maker of any literary or artistic work, and includes any person claiming through the author; and in the case of a posthumous work means the proprietor of the manuscript of such work and any person claiming through him; and in the case of an encyclopædia, review, magazine, periodical work, or work published in a series of books or parts, includes the proprietor, projector, publisher, or conductor.

The expressions "performed" and "performance" and similar words include representation and similar words.

The expression "produced" means, as the case requires, published or made, or, performed or represented, and the expression "production" is to be construed accordingly.

The expression "book published in numbers" includes any review, magazine, periodical work, work published in a series of books or parts, transactions of a society or body, and other books of which different volumes or parts are published at different times.

The expression "treaty" includes any convention or arrangement.

The expression "British possession" includes any part of Her Majesty's dominions exclusive of the United Kingdom; and where parts of such dominions are under both a central and a local legislature, all parts under one central legislature are for the purposes of this definition deemed to be one British possession.

Repeal of Acts.

XII. The Acts specified in the Third Schedule to this Act are hereby repealed as from the passing of this Act to the extent in the third column of that schedule mentioned:

Provided as follows:[1775]

SCHEDULES.