INDEX.
Reading edition
Transcriber's Note: The original index resembles a table of contents, with page numbers at the right margin; and for sequential page numbers, only the last digit or two is given, e.g., 504, 5. For clarity in this e-book, the page numbers immediately follow the entries, separated by a comma, and for sequential page numbers the full number is given.
A.
Abstract of the annual Imports into, and Exports from the Port of London (table), 215, 216 —— of Persons committed, and discharged from Prisons in one year, an extraordinary document (table), 430 Account of Pawnbrokers in the Metropolis, and the vast property in their houses belonging to the poor, 110 —— of various descriptions of Cheats, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127 —— of the number of Streets, Lanes, Houses and Families in the Metropolis, 568 —— of the previous Plans and Arrangements of Thieves when a Robbery or Burglary is contemplated, 291 —— of the usual Mode of proceeding to recover stolen property, 383 —— of the Number of Persons engaged in fraudulent Lotteries, 156 —— of the Trials at the Old Bailey in 1790 and 1791, 394, 395 —— of ditto in 1793 and 1795, 446-448 —— of the Officers of Justice in the Metropolis, 397 —— of the Watchmen and Patroles there, 414 —— of the Magistrates there, 398, 399 —— of the Criminal Courts there, 428 —— of the specific Criminals punishable by Law, 437-444 —— of the Convicts in the Hulks, 455 —— of the Names of the City and Police Magistrates, 504, 505 —— of the Churches and other places of Worship in the Metropolis, 568 —— of the Seminaries of Education in the Metropolis, 569, 570 —— of the Societies for promoting Religion and Morality, 570, 571 —— of the Societies for promoting the Arts, 571 —— of the Asylums for the Indigent and Helpless, 572 —— of the Hospitals for the Sick and for Pregnant Women in the Metropolis, 573 —— of the Institutions for Charitable and Humane Purposes, 574, 575 —— of the Charity annually distributed in the Metropolis estimated at £850,000 a year, 357, 358 —— of the Courts for Civil and Criminal Justice in the Metropolis, 577-582 —— of the Prisons in the Metropolis, ibid. —— of the different Classes of Professional Men connected with the departments of the Law, about 7000 in all, 583 —— of the Number of Writs issued in Middlesex in 1793, with an extraordinary statement of the Expences on small Law-suits, 585, 586, 587 Acquittals, See Prisoners. Actions at Law for small Debts, 584, 587 Expence enormous beyond all credibility, ibid. Acts of Parliament referred to in this Work.
2 Geo. 3. c. 28. for preventing Frauds by Persons navigating Bum-boats on the River Thames, 237, n., 269
31 Elizabeth, c. 4 22 Charles 2d. c. 5 9 & 10 William 3d. c. 41 1 George 1st. stat. 2. c. 25 9 George 1st. c. 8 17 Geo. 2d. c. 40 9 Geo. 3d. c. 35 12 Geo. 3d. c. 24 Relative to the Protection of his Majesty's Stores, 261-263
14 Geo. 3d. c. 90, for regulating the Westminster Watch, &c., 107
25 Edward 3d. stat. 5. c. 2 1 Mary, stat. 2. c. 6 1 & 2 P. & M. c. 11 5 Eliz. c. 11 14 Eliz. c. 3 18 Eliz. c. 1 7 William 3d. c. 3 8 & 9 William 3d. c. 26 9 & 10 William 3d. c. 21 7 Anne, c. 24, 25 15 & 16 Geo. 2d. c. 28 11 Geo. 3d. c. 40 37 Geo. 3d. c. 126 38 Geo. 3d. c. 59-67 39 Geo. 3d. c. 75 Relative to the Coinage and disposal of Base Money, 192, 193, 194
33 Henry 8th. c. 1 30 Geo. 2d. c. 24 Relative to Cheats and Swindlers, 113, 114
9 Anne, c. 14 8 Geo. 1st. c. 2 12 Geo. 2d. c. 28 Relative to Gaming, 134, 135
9 Geo. 2d. c. 5. relative to Fortune-tellers being punished by standing four times in the Pillory, 130
3 & 4 William 3d. c. 9 1 Anne, c. 9 5 Anne, c. 31 4 Geo. 1st. c. 11 29 Geo. 2d. c. 30 30 Geo. 2d. c. 24 2 Geo. 3d. c. 28 10 Geo. 3d. c. 48 21 Geo. 3d. c. 69 22 Geo. 3d. c. 58 Relative to Receivers of Stolen Goods, 298-300
5 Edw. 3d. c. 14 34 Edw. 3d. c. 1 Relative to the Office & power of Constables, 387
8 Geo. 2d. c. 16. relative to Hue and Cry, 389
4 William & Mary, c. 8 6 & 7 William & Mary, c. 17 10 & 11 William 3d. c. 23 5 Anne, c. 31 6 Geo. 1st. c. 23 3 Geo. 2d. c. 16 14 Geo. 2d. c. 6 15 Geo. 2d. c. 34 15 & 16 Geo. 2d. c. 28 16 Geo. 2d. c. 15 3 Geo. 3d. c.15 Relative to Rewards for apprehending different classes of offenders, 390-392
25 Edward 3d. stat. 5. c. 2; 36 Geo. 3d. c. 7, relative to High Treason, 38, 39
25 Henry 8th. c. 6. Sodomy made capital, 46
18 Eliz. c. 7, Rape made capital, 46, 47
3 Henry 7th. c. 2 39 Eliz. c. 9 Forcible marriage and Defilement made capital, 48
6 Henry 4th. c.5 22 & 23 Charles 2d. c.2 Mayhem or Maiming made capital, 49
35 George 3d. c. 67, Polygamy punished by Transportation, ibid.
King Athelstan's Law (anno 956) punished Theft with Death, if above the value of One Shilling, 51
9 Henry 1st. punished Theft with Death (anno 1108), 52
23 Henry 8th. c. 1 1 Edw. 6th. c. 12 5 & 6 Edw. 6. c. 9 39 Eliz. c.15 3 & 4 William & Mary, c. 9 10 & 11 William 3d. c. 23 12 Anne, stat. 1 c. 7 As to Felonies in Dwelling-Houses, 54, 55
23 Henry 8th. c. 1 43 Eliz. c. 13 22 & 23 Charles 2d. c. 7, 11 1 Geo. 1st. c. 48 4 George 1st. c. 12 9 —— 1st. c. 22 10 —— 2d. c. 32 27 —— 2d. c. 25 9 —— 3d. c. 21 12 —— 3d. c. 24 Relative to Arson and Burning Houses, Barns, Corn, Underwood, Ships, &c., 56, 57
18 Eliz. c. 7 3 & 4 William & Mary, c. 9 12 Anne, stat. 1. c. 7 Relative to Burglary, 57
1 Edw. 6th. c. 12 21 Jac. 1st. c. 6 3 & 4. William & Mary, c. 9 4 & 5 William and Mary, c. 24 5 Anne, c. 6 Relative to the Benefit of Clergy, 439
4 Geo. 13. c. 11; 6 Geo. 1st. c. 23, legalizing Transportation to the Colonies, 436, 437
The same Statute appropriated the Services of Convicts, 454
16 Geo. 3d. first legalized the system of the Hulks, 455
16 Geo. 3d. c. 23, legalized Penitentiary Houses in Counties, ibid.
19 Geo. 3d. c. 74, legalized two National Penitentiary Houses, 456
24 Geo. 3d. stat. 2. c. 56, relative to Transportation and the Hulks, 460
27 Geo. 3d. c. 2; 30 Geo. 3d. c. 47, relative to New South Wales, 462
28 Geo. 3d. c. 24, contracts for Convicts, ibid.
2 Will. & Mary, c. 8, relative to paving the Metropolis, 592
10 Geo. 2d. c. 22 11 Geo. 3d. c. 29 14 Geo. 3d. c. 78 33 Geo. 3d. c. 75 34 Geo. 3d. c. 65—(Watermen), Relative to the Police of the City of London, 592-597
27 Elizabeth 16 Chars. 1st. divided the City into Wards Relative to the Police of London and Westminster, 593, 594
29 George 2d. c. 25 31 —— 2d. c. 17 2 —— 3d. c. 21 3 —— 3d. c. 23 5 —— 3d. c. 13 & 50 11 —— 3d. c. 22 14 —— 3d. c. 90
28 —— 2d. c. 9 6 —— 3d. c. 24 Relative to the Police of Southwark, 594
6 Henry 6th. c. 5 6 —— 8th. c. 10 23 —— 8th. c. 5 25 —— 8th. c. 10 3 & 4 Edw. 6th. c. 8 1 Mary, stat. 3. c. 11 13 Eliz. c. 9 8 James, c. 14 7 Anne, c. 10 Relative to the System of the Sewers, 594, 595
9 Anne, c. 23 10 —— c. 19 12 —— stat. 1. c. 14 1 Geo. 1st. c. 57 12 —— 1st. c. 2 30 —— 2d. c. 22 4 —— 3d. c. 36 7 —— c. 44 10 —— c. 44 11 —— c. 24, 28 12 —— c. 49 24 —— stat. 2. c. 27 26 —— c. 72 32 —— c. 47 33 —— c. 75 Relative to Hackney Coaches and Chairs, 595
1 Geo. 1st. c. 57 18 —— 2d. c. 38 24 —— 2d. c. 43 30 —— 2d. c. 22 24 —— 3d. c. 27 Relative to Carts and other Carriages in the Metropolis, 596
21 Geo. 3d. c. 57, relative to Bullock-hunting, 597
26 Geo. 3d. c. 71, as to Slaughtering Horses, 104, n.
Adultery, not in the Criminal Code, 35 Advertising Bill-discounters and Money lenders to be regulated, 118, 119 Alehouses, a great source of Crimes and Nuisances when ill-regulated, 85, 311, &c. 324, &c. In 5000 Alehouses within the Bills of Mortality upwards of £3,300,000 a year spent in Beer, Spirits, &c., 327 Profligate Characters entrusted with Licences a source of much mischief, 325, 326 Alfred, His Laws relative to Murder, 44 Alton's Liquid Test to detect counterfeit Gold and Silver Coin, 180 Ancestors. Their Laws had an immediate reference to the prevention of Crimes, 3 Anecdotes—Of an American Vessel plundered in the Thames in an extraordinary manner, 219 —— of a Guinea Vessel plundered, ibid. —— of the plunder and imposition on a Canada Merchant, 229 —— of an Officer of Justice, who discovered an instance of pillage in one of the dock-yards, 283 —— Respecting the Lottery, the astonishing number of persons supported by fraudulent Insurances, 156, n. —— of the Jews in London, the extraordinary depravity of the lowest orders, 148-150 —— of the different Classes of Cheats, 130 —— of a Robbery in the Drawing-room at St. James's, 127 —— of a Female Money-lender to Barrow Women, ibid. —— of a Fortune-teller, 129 —— of a Police Officer watching the house of a Receiver of Stolen Goods, 306, n. —— of a Jew who had committed a Rape, 431, n. —— of Sir Matthew Hale, 432, n. —— of the Justices of Chester, a singular circumstance, 52, 53 —— of a respectable Magistrate of the City, 513, n. —— of Monsieur De Sartine Minister of the Police of Paris, an extraordinary circumstance, 525-530 —— of the Emperor Joseph the Second, 527, 528, 529 Apprentices corrupted by Receivers of Stolen Goods, &c., 12 —— harboured in Public-houses, in Clubs for purposes of lewdness and debauchery, 315, n. —— Their immoral education, one cause of the origin of Crimes, 314-317 —— Neglect of superior Tradesmen in boarding Apprentices out of their houses, 316, 317, n. Arrests for Felony, four modes practised, 388 —— deficiency in the Law protecting Lottery vagrants and others from being arrested on Sundays, 390 Arson, punished capitally, 56 Asylums, an establishment recommended for discharged Convicts, 99, 100 —— for the Indigent in the Metropolis, 572 —— for Sick, Lame, and Diseased, 573 Athelstan's Laws relating to Death, 51 Athenian Laws relative to Murder, 43 Auctioneers called diurnal, with Puffers, 117
B.
Bacon, Lord—Suggested a revision of the Criminal Code, 7 Ballad Singers—might, from an Evil, be made an advantage to Society, 348 Bank Notes and Bills received, knowing the same to be stolen—not an offence by any existing Law, 8, 114 n. Barkers at Auctions, 117 Beadles ought to be rewarded for useful public Services, 415 —— The proper persons to apply to when nuisances are to be removed, 598 Beccaria, Marquis, his opinion of Punishments, 53, n. —— his maxim relative to Pardons, 449, n. Beggars, See Poor. Benefit of Clergy extended to all ranks, 436 Bentham (Jeremy, Esq.) his proposal for a Penitentiary House for Convicts, and remarks thereon, 481-495 Bill Discounters, or Advertising Money-Lenders, 118, 119 Board of Police, See Police. Bolton, Matthew, Esq. of Birmingham, number of Penny Pieces supplied by him, 186, n. Botany Bay, See Convicts, New South Wales. Brokers, in pawns, to be registered, 108, 304 Building Materials, dealers in, to be licenced, 549 Bullock-hunting, the Laws relative to it, 597 Burglary, not so frequent on the Continent as in England, 94 —— by what classes of men committed, 95, 96 —— systematically planned and executed, 101, 103 —— remedies proposed, 104 —— definition of Burglary and how punished, 57 —— called Hamsockne in the North of England, 58
C.
Carts and other Carriages, the Laws relative to them, 595, 596 Casual Poor, See Poor. Chance Medley, how punished, 45 Charities in the Metropolis: Parish Schools for Education, 569 Societies for promoting Religion and Morality, 570 Asylums for the Helpless and Indigent, 572 Hospitals for the Sick and Pregnant Women, 573 Dispensaries for the Poor, 574 Institutions for Charitable Purposes (See Poor), ibid. Cheapside, a general rendezvous for Thieves, and the reason, 106, 107 Cheats, the offence of cheating defined by Law, 113 The different classes of Cheats explained; who are more or less engaged in acts of Fraud, in the Metropolis, 109, 110, &c. 131 China, its Laws, and Punishment for High-Treason, 40 Parricide, 41 Murder, 44 Theft, 52 Chips, See Dock-yards. Churches and Places of Worship in the Metropolis, 568 Coaches and Chairs in the Metropolis (and See Hackney Coaches; Night Coaches), 595, 596 Coasting Vessels, &c. purchase embezzled Stores, 255 Coin counterfeited, and Coiners: Extensive Circulation of base Coin, 15, 16 The evils attending it, 117, 118 Foreign Coin fabricated in England, ibid. Coiners, 120 discovered, 18 Vast amount of Coin counterfeited, 181 Different Coins fabricated, 173 The process used in making the different kinds of base Money, 174, 184 The period when the trade of dealing in base Money acquires its greatest vigour, 188 Deficiencies of the present Laws, 208 Remedies proposed, 191-208 Colleges, five in London, 569 Commons and waste Lands, the source of evil by encouraging the idle Poor, 83 Constables, in the Metropolis, 1040 in London, Westminster, Middlesex, the Tower Liberty and Southwark, 397, 398, 399 Their power by the Common Law extensive, explained, 390 Rewards necessary to excite attention, 392 Rewards to Constables, and persons apprehending various classes of Criminals, 390 Propositions for rendering them more useful and respectable, 405-410 Convicts discharged from the Hulks from 1792 to 1799, 98 Number sent to the Hulks from the commencement of the Establishment, to December 12, 1795, 7999, 463 Expence of the support of Convicts transported in the Hulks, 465, 466-480, n. General Statements, shewing the periods of their discharge, and the number pardoned, escaped and discharged, 463-465 A statement of their Earnings at Woolwich and Langston Harbour, 467, 468 The inefficacy of this mode of Punishment, 469, 470 Transported to New South Wales—Accounts of the Number and Expence, 472-474 Opinion of the Finance Committee on the inefficacy of the whole System, 475, &c. Proposals for employment of Convicts in Penitentiary Houses by Jeremy Bentham, Esq., 481-495 Further Regulations in the Penitentiary System suggested, 495, 500 Copper Money, See Coiners. Corn, and Provender stolen in the Country, how disposed of in the Metropolis, 88 Courts of Justice in the Metropolis: Courts for the trials of Crimes, Misdemeanors, Trespasses, &c. Two superior and Five inferior, 428 9 Supreme Courts in the Metropolis, 577 4 Ecclesiastical Courts, Doctors Commons, ib. 17 Courts of Justice in the City of London, 478, 479 8 Courts of Justice in Westminster, 579, 580 15 Courts of Justice in that part of Middlesex which joins the Metropolis, 580, 581 8 Courts of Justice in Southwark, 581, 582 Crimes, Specification of some not punishable by Law, 8, 35, 36 The cause of their increases, &c., 24, 25 should be prevented rather than punished, 32, 33 punishable with Death—a List of them, 437, 438, 439 punishable with Transportation, 440, 441 punishable with Fine and Imprisonment, 442 punishments on Rogues and Vagabonds, 443 the encouragements to Crimes held out by the present System, 449 increased by the imperfections of the Law, relative to small Debts, 585, 586 See Offenders: Thieves. Criminal Code, a Revision of proposed, 7, 8 —— its imperfections, 24, 25 —— its great severity, 33, 53 See Emperor Joseph's Criminal Code. Criminal People, Their boldness and many chances of escaping, 20, 21 —— many thousands in the Metropolis who subsist illegally, 21 —— likely to be increased, 24 —— although unfit for the Navy and Army from diseases, ruptures, &c. are yet capable of committing crimes, 99, 100 —— the measures used to effect their purposes, 100, 104 —— they make contracts with Receivers, 104 —— increase by means of base Money, 211 Custom-House Officers, called Glut-men, connive at pillage and plunder, 232
D.
Dead Horses, and other Animals, Dealers in, to be regulated, 109 Dealers in old Metals and Stores, their great increase, 12 —— their mischievous tendency, 292, 293 —— Regulations proposed, 292, 293, 303, 548, 549 Death, The number of Crimes punishable with Death by the English Law, 5, 437 —— Abrogated in the Roman Empire, by the Portian Law, 6 —— Inadequate to the ends of Justice, 6 —— Impropriety of inflicting death, except for the highest offences, 30, 53, 58 —— Jewish Law relative to death, 43 —— Athenian Law, ib. —— Roman ditto, ib. —— Chinese ditto, 44 —— Persian ditto, 43 —— Saxon ditto, 44 —— Alfred's ditto, ib. —— Athelstan's ditto, 51 —— Abolished in the Imperial Dominions of Joseph II. anno 1767, 60 —— Theft first punished by death by Henry I. nearly 700 years ago, 437 —— A specification of the several offences punishable with death by the Laws of England, 437, 438, 439 Debts, The difficulty and expence of recovering small sums, 584, 585, 586, 587 —— An astonishing Document, proving the vast extent of the injury, 587, n. —— A Remedy proposed, 586, 588 Depredations on the Public, in the River and Dock-yards, Chap. viii. 214, &c. ix. 250, &c. —— on Sugar and West India Produce, 240, 241 —— from Sugar Samples, upwards of 60,000l. a year, 235, n. —— does not much exceed 15s. per cent. on the Moving Property, 215 Detection of Offenders: —— The deficiency of the Law in this respect, 12, 13, 14, 15-20 —— further elucidated and explained, 381, 421, 422 Die Sinkers for base Money, the number employed, 184 Directions, and Cautions to avoid being cheated, 124, 125, 126, 127, &c. —— As to the mode of proceeding in case of Fraud or Robbery, 383, n. Dispensaries, in London, 574 Distresses of the Poor arising from the delusion of the Lottery (See Lottery), 154, 155 Docks in the River will not supersede the necessity of a River Police, 217, n. Dock-yards, on the Plunder and Peculation therein, 249-287 —— Fees to Officers one source of the Evil, 251 —— Frauds in receiving, detaining, and selling Stores, 253-259 —— The Perquisite of Chips, 256, 257, n. —— The amount of Public Property in Navy, Victualing and Ordnance Stores, estimated at 7,000,000l., 260 —— Laws now existing for protecting of this Property, 261-3 —— Their deficiency, and Remedies proposed through the means of the Legislature, by A General Police System, 264 —— A Local Police for the Dock-yards, 265 —— Legislative Regulations in aid of these Systems, 269 —— Through the Admiralty, by regulating the sale of old Stores, 274-280 —— Abolishing the Perquisite of Chips, 281 —— —— of Fees, and increasing Salaries, 282 —— Improving the mode of keeping Accounts, 284 —— Making an annual Inventory of Stores, 286 Dollars, counterfeited, 173 —— (stamped) the iniquities practised in counterfeiting and exporting, detected by the Author of this Work, 172, 173, n. Draco, his sanguinary boast, 33
E.
Education, The great inattention to in the lower ranks one cause of Crimes, 34, 311 —— Seminaries for, in the Metropolis, estimated at 4050, 569 Egyptians, Their Laws for the punishment of certain offences, 41 Embezzlement of Public Stores. See River Plunder—Dock-yards. Emperor Joseph the Second abolished the punishment of Death, 60 —— His edict on promulgating his New Criminal Code, 61 —— Abstract of his New Code, 63 —— A singular Anecdote concerning this Prince, 528, 529 Estimates, That Receivers of stolen Goods have increased from 300 to 3000 in the Metropolis, 9, 12 —— of moving Property on the River Thames (table), 215 —— —— arriving, departing, and circulating in the Port of London, 216, 217 —— —— belonging to the Public, Naval, and Warlike Stores, &c., 260 —— of Chips in Dock-yards, 256, 257, n. —— of Streets, Houses, and Families in London, 411, n. —— of Public Houses, 110 —— of Persons employed in fraudulent Lotteries, 156, n. —— of the number of Members of Friendly Societies, 157 —— of the number of Jews, 147, 148 —— of the Officers of Justice, Beadles, Watchmen, and Patroles 2044, 413, 414 —— of Magistrates, acting in the Metropolis, 416, 417, 418 —— of Convicts, and others discharged from Prisons, 96, n., 97 —— of Prisoners tried in 1793 and 1754, 448 —— of the Produce of Labour of Convicts in the Hulks (See Convicts: Police), 467 Exports from the River Thames in one year 29,640,000l. (table), 215, 216
F.
Farmers, petty Depredations on them, 86, 89 Faro Tables and Games of Chance, their evil Tendency, 135, 136 —— particularly in private Houses of Persons of Rank, 148 Felo de se, how punished by different Laws, 43, 44 Felonies, Public and Private defined, 43 —— A specific Detail of the different Felonies, distinguishing the Punishments, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441 Female Prostitution. See Prostitutes.
Fielding, Henry Fielding, Sir John Excellent Magistrates, &c., 453, n.
Finance Committee of the House of Commons, their useful Labours and Opinions on various Subjects (See Police), 251, n., 264, 419, 427, 469, 514, 516, 558, n. Fires in London, the Laws relative to them, 597, 598 Forcible Marriage, how punished by different Laws, 48 Foreign Coin counterfeited in England, 17, 18, 184, 190 Foreigners, their opinion of the English System of Police, 522 —— the insecurity likely to arise from so many of them acquiring a knowledge of the English Language, 530 Fortune-tellers, their evil tendency, &c., 128, 130 Founders of Metals, an object of regulation as a means of preventing Crimes, 10, 540, n. France, its Laws relative to Receivers of stolen Goods, 302, n. —— —— to Sodomy, 46 —— its former Police, curious Anecdotes of, 525 Frauds on the Public in the Metropolis: —— in the Naval Department of two sorts, 256, 257 —— and Forgeries specifically detailed, 111, 112, &c. French language, the inconvenience and insecurity from its being so generally spoken, 530 Friendly Societies, an Estimate of the number of Members, 575 —— a proposition to guard them against the Evils of the Lottery, 157
G.
Gaming, among the lower Ranks in Public Houses, a vast source of Crimes, 324 —— the Law relative to, and Penalties, 134, 135 —— the systematic confederacy of certain Gaming Establishments fully developed, 136-147 —— Estimated amount of the Money annually lost and won by Gaming, 143 —— the evil Consequences of Gaming, and dreadful effects to many respectable Families, 148 —— the bad example to menial Servants of Persons of Fashion, 150, 151 Gin, the astonishing quantity drank in London, 327, n. —— the advantages arising from a High Price, 328, n. Grecian Law relative to Sodomy, 46 —— —— to Polygamy, 49
H.
Hackney Coaches, to be regulated by the Police, (and see Night Coaches), 105, 106, 305, 547, 556 —— Laws relative to them, 402 Hale, Sir Matthew, his opinion of criminal Indictments, 432, n. Hawkers and Pedlars, to be licensed by Magistrates, 116, 117 —— their fraudulent Practices, 116, &c. High Treason, See Treason. Highway Robberies, by what classes committed, 95 —— systematically planned and executed, 102, 103 —— suggestions for preventing them by means of a Travelling Police, 109, n. Homicide, 45, 46 Horse Patroles proposed, 109, n. Horses Stolen, receiving them as such no Crime, 9, n. —— how to be remedied, 303, 550 —— Frauds and Felonies respecting, immense, 103, n., 115, n. Hospitals in the Metropolis, 573 Houses in the Metropolis 160,000, and upwards, 568 Houses of Correction, authorized in different Counties, 455 —— Regulations, 459, 460 Hue and Cry, a particular means of arresting Criminals, 388, 389 Hulks, the depravity of the Convicts confined in them, 24 —— First instituted in 1776, 455 —— Regulations by Parliament (See Convicts), 461
I. & J.
Idle Poor, the Funds appropriated for their support a Public Evil, 80, 82, &c. Jews, (Dutch) their mode of Education a National Injury, as it promotes Idleness and Profligacy among the lower ranks, 119, 319 —— Objects of regulation as Dealers in old Metals and Apparel, 120 —— the principal Utterers of base Coin, 182, 190 —— the deplorable state of the lower orders belonging to the Dutch Synagogues, and the difficulties in making them useful, 120, 319, &c. —— they are generally the medium by which stolen Goods are concealed and sold, 292 Jewish Synagogues in London, 568 Jewish Laws relative to Murder, 43 —— —— Sodomy, 46 —— —— Rape, 47 —— ——Theft, 52 Immorality of worse consequence than Political Crimes, 34 —— striking proofs adduced, 35, 36 Imports and Exports to and from the Port of London, abstract of (table), 215, 216 —— of Sugar and Rum for a year to March 25, 1799, 234, n. Imprisonment for Debt, its impolicy and evil consequences in producing moral Crimes, 390, 394, &c. Indigence, one cause of Crimes (See Poor), 352 Inhabitants of London, number estimated at one Million at least, 569 Inns of Court and Chancery in London, ib. Institutions for useful, charitable, and humane purposes in the Metropolis, 376, 381 Irish, the lower Ranks great Utterers of base Money, 189 Iron Shops, great Receptacles of stolen Goods, 293 Judges of England, their great purity adds lustre to their own and the National Character, 430 —— the extreme labour attached to their Situations, a Proposition for the reducing it, 590
K.
King, his Majesty's goodness and love of Mercy exemplified in pardon to Convicts, 22 King's Stores, Men employed to remove the broad arrow from Public Stores, 258 —— Abuses and Evils from the Sale of Old Stores, 256 —— Stolen, embezzled, &c. in the Thames, 257
L.
Landed Interest, Depredations on by petty Thefts calculated at 4s. per Acre per annum, 89 Larceny, the Definition of this Offence, and the punishment, 50 —— Grand Larceny defined, 50, 55 Law, the different classes of Professional Men in the Metropolis, 583 Laws of England, (Criminal) Deficient with regard to the prevention of Crimes, abridging Liberty, and rendering Property insecure, and in some instances even Life itself, 94, 95, 100 —— Punishments, from their severity, defeat the ends of Justice, 43, 53 —— Above 160 Offences punishable with Death, 437 —— When incompatible with Justice Law should be repealed, 8, 301 —— Some Offences, injurious to Society, not punished at all, 8, 9, 34, 35, 36 —— Criminal Law explained, with respect to various Offences: High Treason, 38 Public Felonies against the State, 42 Private Felonies specifically considered, viz: Murder, 43, 44 Manslaughter, 44, 45 Homicide by Misadventure, 45 Chance Medley, ib. Self-Defence, ib. Rape, 46, 48 Forcible Marriage, 48 Polygamy, 49 Mayhem, ib. Grand Larceny, 50 Petty Larceny, 50, 51 Mixed Larceny, 54, 55 Offences punishable by the Laws of England; a List of, 437, &c. Law-suits, See Writs, Debts. Lewdness and Debauchery prevail in all ill-regulated Public Houses (See Alehouses), 311 Liberty of the subject abridged by Thieves and Robbers, 2, 93 —— not by salutary Regulations to prevent Robbery, 13, 14, 308, 309, 545 Licences proposed on Milk Dealers, 92 —— on various trades connected with the Receivers of stolen Goods (See Police), 540, n., 549, 550 Lightermen on the Thames assist in Pillage and Plunder, 228 Lighting, &c. the Metropolis, 592 Little Goes, a private Lottery, a contrivance of a recent date, brought forward by the Lottery Cheats to keep alive the delusion and fever on the minds of the Poor all the year round, 152 Livery Stable Keepers, proposed to be regulated (See Horses), 109, 541 Lodgers, and Lodging Houses, proposed to be registered, 105, 539 London, comprehending the Metropolis. Its Commerce (See River Plunder) —— The Magistrates, a list of; also Public Offices, 504, 505 —— Houses, Streets, Families, and Inhabitants, 411 —— Its prodigious Extent and Opulence, 567 —— Places of Religious Worship, 482 —— Seminaries for Education, 569 —— Institutions for promoting Morality, 570 —— For the Arts, 571 —— Asylums for the Indigent and Helpless, 572 —— For the Sick, Lame, &c., 573 —— Dispensaries, 574 —— Charitable Institutions, 574 —— Courts of Justice, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582 —— Prisons, 582 —— Municipal Regulations of the Metropolis, relative to Watching, Lighting, Fires, &c. &c., 591 London, so called, (the City): —— The utility of a closer Connection between the Aldermen and Police Justices, 420 —— The great respectability of the Magistrates of London, 512 —— The vast Labour of their official Situation, 513 —— Magistrates with Salaries proposed, to ease them of that part of the Labour which relates to Criminal Offences, 518 —— The great Labour attached to the Office of Lord Mayor, 513 —— Reasons assigned in favour of an Improvement of the Police of the City, by means of assisting Justices, ib. —— The advantages which would result from such a System, 517 Lottery, A great means of corrupting the Morals of the Lower Orders of the People, 11 —— Lottery Insurers cheats of the worst class, 151-159 —— Their evil Practices explained, and their devises to carry them on in despite of the Law, 152, 153 —— Menial Servants contribute considerably to their support, 153, 154 —— The astonishing extent of their Transactions, 154, 155 —— The misery attendant on the Lottery delusion to the Poor, who fill the Pawnbrokers' Shops during the drawing of it, 155 —— The amazing amount of the premiums for Insurances yearly, 154, 156, n. —— Estimated amount of fraudulent Insurances per annum 10,460,000l., 143 —— The astonishing number of Lottery Insurers, with their Appendages, consisting of Clerks, Morocco-men, Bludgeon-men, and Ruffians, employed during the Drawing of the Two Lotteries each year, 156, n. —— The Lottery might be rendered useful to the State if the poorer classes could be shielded from its mischief, 157, 556 —— The evils attending on its present Plan, and the audacious conduct of the miscreants engaged in fraudulent Insurances in resisting the Civil Power, explained, 156, n., 158, 159 —— Their Profits said to be immense during the English Lottery 1796, 159 —— The exertions of the Magistrates rendered more peculiarly necessary to check this evil during the time of drawing the Lotteries, 159 —— Expedients proposed for guarding the Poor against the mischiefs, of future Lotteries, digested under eight different Heads, 160, 161, 162 —— Three plans for drawing the Lottery in such a manner as to prevent Insurance, 163, 170 Louis d'Ors, coined in England, 17, 190 Loyal Military Associations, the Country much indebted to them, 533, n. Lumpers or Labourers on the River (See River Plunder), 226
M.
Magistrates, their Duty with regard to Public Houses (See Alehouses.) —— Their great utility when their Power and Influence are prudently and judiciously employed, 383, 422, 423 —— The number Of Magistrates in the Metropolis, 270 —— The number who sit daily in rotation, 417, 418 —— The number of persons committed annually for Trial 2500 to 3000, 432, 433 —— The mortification experienced by the Magistrates in seeing their labour lost in consequence of the chief of these Prisoners thrown back on Society without punishment, 432, 433 —— A List of the City Magistrates, 504 —— —— the Police Magistrates, 505 —— Their Duty explained, 506 —— Their Labours cramped for want of pecuniary Funds, 509, 510 —— Magistrates with salaries necessary in every part of the Metropolis, and benefits arising from them, 517 —— Avocations of the City Magistrates explained, 522 Manslaughter defined, how punished, 44. Marine Police Institution, Origin and Progress of, 239, 248 —— Annual Advantages resulting therefrom to the West India Planters and the Revenue estimated at 160,000l. and upwards, 240, 241, n., 242, n. —— The effect in restraining River Plunderers, 242, 244 —— Necessity of its being sanctioned by Legislative Regulations, 245, &c. —— Testimonies to the utility of the System, and the benefits it has already produced, 242, n., 247, 248, n., 558, n. —— The number employed in this Establishment, 399, n., 418 Marriage, The evil consequence of the prevailing practice of Cohabitation without it, 340 Martin, Matthew, Esq. his benevolent exertions for relieving the Poor, 360, 361, n. Mayhem, Laws relative to it, 49 Menial Servants, Their Morals corrupted, how, 154, 155 Metals, Dealers in proposed to be regulated, 108, 540, 549 Metropolis, vide London. Milk, curious particulars as to the Adulteration of, 89, 90, &c. Misadventure, Homicide by, defined, 45 —— how punished, 45, 46 Misdemeanors, A list of them punishable by Law, 442 Money counterfeit, vide Coin. Montesquieu, Baron, his opinion relative to Thefts, &c., 30, 53 Morals, The moral Principles destroyed among the Lower Ranks, 11, 310, &c. —— Can only be preserved by preventing Crimes, 14 —— Bad education and bad habits destroy Morals, and are the chief causes of atrocious Crimes, 34, 35, 94, 95, 310, &c. —— The deficiency of the System for guarding the Morals of the Lower Orders one great cause of the Corruption of Manners, 36 —— Other Causes, The temptations of a great Capital, 35 —— The habit of living improvidently and luxuriously, 312 —— The temptation of fraudulent Lotteries, 151, 152, 159 —— The Facilities held our by Pawnbrokers, Old Iron Shops, and other Receivers of Stolen Goods, enabling persons to raise Money on pilfered articles in an easy way, 288, 323 —— The bad examples in ill-regulated Public Houses one great cause of the Corruption of Morals, 310-324 —— The habit recently practised of Men, Women and Children spending their time in the Tap-rooms of Alehouses, where all sorts of Profligacy prevails, exhibited in language and conduct, 310, 314, 324 —— The profligate Characters intrusted with Licences to keep Alehouses (See Alehouses), 325, 326 —— The immoral or careless Education of Apprentices, 314 —— The failure in Business by Mismanagement, Idleness, &c., 317 —— Servants out of Place, 318 —— The mode of Education and Superstition of the Jews, which prevent them from being apprenticed to Mechanical Employments, 319 —— The vast temptations to plunder, which are held out to Lumpers, Scuffle-hunters, Mudlarks, Scullers, Lightermen, &c. on the Thames, from the want of proper Guards, and a proper System for protecting Property (See River Plunder—Dock-yards), 322 —— The temptations held out to fraud from the shocking state of the Silver and Copper Coinage, and the imperfection of the Mint Laws, 171, 172 —— The temptations held out in a great Metropolis from the resource which the influx of Wealth affords to commit acts of Criminality, giving so many opportunities to live in Idleness, 111, 112 —— The deficiency of the Laws in not taking cognizance of Moral Crimes, 35, 36 —— Morals of Public Depredators, 251 Morality—Men of pure Morals make the best Subjects, 36 —— Against its principle to punish small offences with Death, 59 —— Societies for promoting it, 570 Mudlarks, See River Plunder, 230 Murder, Laws relative to it, in this and other Countries, 43, 45
N.
Naval Embezzlements and Plunder, &c. Reasons why not heretofore corrected, 252 Gratuities given, a great evil, 251 The Depredations enormous (See River Plunder—Dock-yards), 253 New South Wales, Transportation there when first legalized (See Convicts), 460, 462 Night Coaches, a great means of promoting Burglaries, 105 —— Propositions for regulating them, 106, 305, 547, 556, 557
O.
Offences, 160 punishable with Death, 58 Some not punishable by the Laws, 8, 30, 35 A general List of the various classes of Offences, 437, &c. See further Punishments. Officers of Justice—Their Zeal always proportioned to that shewn by the Magistrates under whom they act, 384 The importance of choosing men of Respectability, ibid. The absurd prejudices against Officers of Justice, 385 The Antiquity and Power of the Officers of Justice, 386 Number of them in the Metropolis, 397, 411, n. Officers subjected to considerable risks, 400 Ought to be rewarded—vide Rewards. Old Bailey—Its registers shew the necessity of a Prosecutor for the Crown, 21 Trials anno 1790 and 1791, eight Sessions, 394, 395, 396 Idem and Convicts 1793 and 1794, 448 Old Iron Shops, Owners for the most part, generally Receivers—(See Receivers), 10 Origin of Crimes, Traced to Alehouses—Bad education of Apprentices—Servants out of Place—Jews—Receivers—Pawnbrokers—Low Gaming-Houses—Smuggling—Prisons, Chap. XI. 310-332 —— Female Prostitution (See Prostitutes), Ch. XII. 333-345 —— Tea Gardens, 346, 347 —— Ballad Singers, 348, 349 —— State of the Poor (See Poor), Chap. XIII. 351-380
P.
Pagoda, of Arcot, counterfeited in London, 17, 184, 190 Pardons—The devices used to obtain them, 22 Granted to four-fifths of those found guilty of death, 449 Marquis Beccaria's Opinion of Pardons, 450, n. Impositions practised to obtain them, ibid. Conditions under which they ought to be granted, 451 The evil consequences of free Pardons, 451, 452 A tacit disapprobation of the Law, (Beccaria), 59 Parents, their Profligacy and inattention to the Education of their Children, 311, &c. Parochial Officers in the Metropolis, 397, 398, 416 —— of little use to the Police in the Metropolis, why, 400 Parricides, their punishment by the Roman Law, 41 By the Chinese and Egyptian Laws, ibid. Patroles and Watchmen, their number, 399 —— frequently conspire with Thieves, 106, 108 Pawnbrokers hold out many temptations to the Poor, 115 —— A proposition for regulating them, 116, 550 —— To give security for good behaviour, 116 —— The number in London and the Country, 115, n. —— The immense amount of the Goods of the Poor at all times in their hands, 116, n. Peace, an epoch when much danger is to be apprehended in the return of Criminals, 100, 529, 530 Peace-Officers—Safeguards of the Community, 384, 385 —— The ill effects of the absurd prejudice against them, 385 —— The number in the Metropolis, 408, 413, 414 Penitentiary Houses. Two national ones authorised, but never erected, 456, 457, 459 An Inspector of Penitentiary Houses should be appointed, (See Convicts), 460 Penny-Pieces, 40 Millions of them coined by Mr. Bolton of Birmingham, 186, n. —— why not likely to be much counterfeited, 183, n. Petty Larceny, how punished, 50, 51 Pewter Pots and Pewter, purchased by Dealers in Old Iron—Protected by Act 21 Geo. 3d. c. 69, 299 Piracy a capital offence, 55 Pirates on the River, their audacious conduct, (See River Plunder). Plunder on the River, and Dock-yards (See those titles). Police—The advantages resulting from it when well regulated, 1, 2 The insecurity from a deficient Police no where so great as in England, 3, 4 One cause for the increase of Criminals is the insufficiency of the Police, 4, 310 The specific causes of the deficiency explained, and the means of improvement, 24, 25, 26 The disjointed State of the Police one of the causes of the increase of Stolen Goods, 289 The Establishment of an active Principle strongly enforced, 307 The expences of the Police might be defrayed by itself, under an improved System, 410 No place of Industry provided by the Police for discharged Prisoners, (See Convicts), 99 Police of the Metropolis explained, 503 City and Police Magistrates now acting, their Names, 504, 505 Their Duty explained, 506, 507 Inconveniences arising from want of Funds, Robberies and Burglaries not prevented, from this among other Causes, 509, 510 Police Magistrates should have power to give small Rewards for useful Services, 510, 511 Police Magistrates necessary in all large Societies, 514 Police Magistrates have nothing to do with Politics, 517, n. Police System approved by the Manufacturers of Spital Fields, 519, 520, n. The great deficiency of the System for want of a Centre Point, 520 Constitutional superintendence of Police rests with the Secretary of State for the Home Department, 521, 522 The increase of State Business, and the increase of Crimes, renders a delegation of subordinate management necessary, 520 The utility and absolute necessity of such a System explained, 521, 522 The opinion of Foreigners of the Police of London, ibid. The Police of France under the old Government, observations upon it illustrated by two Anecdotes of M. de Sartine, 524, 525, &c. The situation of this as well as every Country in Europe makes a correct System of Police necessary, on account of the profligate Characters who will infest the Metropolis on the return of Peace, 529, 530 A Board of Police proposed as the only means of binding together a disjointed System, and of giving it that energy which the interest of the Country requires, 531 The new System of Central Police recommended by the Finance-Committee fully detailed and explained, Chap. XVIII., 535 Reasons suggested by the Committee, 535-539 The leading object the prevention of Crimes, and the raising a Revenue by Licence Duties, 540, 541 Trades proposed to be Licensed, 540, n., 549, 550 Expence of the Police of the Kingdom near £216,000, 542, 543 A Central Board of Police Revenue to be formed by the consolidation of the two Boards of Hackney Coaches, & Hawkers, &c., 542-545 The Licensing System to be extended over the Kingdom under the Controul of this Board, 545-547 Functions of the Commissioners of this Central Board of Police amply detailed under 20 heads, 547-558 Outline of the Bill proposed to be brought into Parliament for establishing this Central Board of Police, 559, &c. Polygamy, an improved mode of punishment for, 49 Poor, their Distresses, 312, 313, n. —— Particularly from the Lottery delusion, 151, 152 —— State of, Cap. XIII., 352-380 —— Casual, the erroneous System respecting them one great cause of the increase of Crimes, 351 Estimate of Voluntary Contributions for their Relief, £850,000 per Ann., 358 Present expence of the Casual Poor not less than £10,000 per Ann., 362, 363 This Relief ill applied, ibid. Propriety of consolidating and superintending this Relief, 364 Poverty not an Evil if it does not degenerate into Indigence, 365, 366 The Poor divided into five Classes: The useful and industrious, 366 Vagrant, 367 Indigent, 368 Aged and Infirm, 369 Infants, ibid. The Statute 43 Elizabeth unexceptionable in its principle, but its execution deficient, 370, 373, 575 Proposals for a Pauper Police, to regulate Street Beggars and Casual Poor, 373-376 Expence thereof £5,230 to be defrayed by contributions from the Parishes proportioned to the sums now paid by them for Casual Relief, ibid. Benefit of consolidating the Funds of all the Parishes in the Metropolis, 377, 378 The System should be perfected by the joint efforts of well-informed individuals, ibid. Prisoners. An Asylum proposed for those that are discharged, to prevent their returning to evil practices for want of Work, (See Convicts), 97, 98, n., 486 —— Abstracts of the number committed and discharged in the Metropolis in the course of a year, ending Oct. 1795 (Table), 430
—— Number discharged from the eight Gaols in the Metropolis in a period of four years:
—— —— 1st. by Proclamation5,59296, 97
—— —— 2d. Acquittals2,962
—— —— 3d. After Punishment2,484
11,038
—— Discharged from 1792 to 1799:
—— —— 1.8,650
—— —— 2.4,935
—— —— 3.6,925
20,51097
—— —— from the Hulks, ditto 11,383
21,89398
—— Tried at the Old Bailey from Sept. 1790 to 1791, 394 —— Tried at the Old Bailey from April 1793 to 1794, 448 —— Tried in the year 1795, their Crimes and Sentences, 446, 447 —— Committed annually for trial in the Metropolis from 2,500, to 3,000, 96 Prisons in the Metropolis, 331, 582 Prosecutor for the Crown—The Utility of such an Establishment, 21, 26 The injury occasioned by the want of it in defeating Justice, 426, 427 A severe Burden on the subject to prosecute, 426 Further Reasons in favour of the Proposition, 430, 432, 539 Prostitutes—Their unhappy Situation, and the dreadful consequences of it, Cap. XII., 333 The evil cannot be prevented, but may be alleviated, 337 Number of Prostitutes of various classes estimated at 50,000, 340 Proposals for regulating them not inconsistent either with Religion or Morality, 343 The Example of Holland and India quoted, 345 Public Houses, vide Alehouses. Punishments—defeat their ends by too much Severity, 6 Death should be inflicted as seldom as possible, ibid. Disproportionate to the Offences, 6, n., 8 A Definition of Punishments, 29 Should be proportioned to the Offence, &c., 29, 30 The objects of inflicting Punishments, ibid. General Rules relative to Punishments, 32, 33 The Severity of Punishments exposed, 34, 35, 36, 94 Punishments examined as they apply to the various Offences known in the English Law, 38, 39, &c. Punishments by the new Code of the Emperor Joseph, 60, 63 Marquis Beccaria's Opinion and Maxims, 53, n. The System of Punishments fully considered, Cap. XVI., 434-500 Punishments inflicted on various Offences by the English Law, 437, 438, 439, &c. &c. Punishments as now regulated tend to increase Crimes, (See Convicts), 449-452
Q.
Quarter Sessions of the Peace: —— and General Sessions of Middlesex, in certain Cases, act under a Commission of Oyer and Terminer, 445 —— Held in London, eight times a year, 428 —— in Westminster, four times a year, ibid. —— in Middlesex, eight times a year, ibid. —— in Tower Liberty, eight times a year, ibid. —— in Surry, four times a year, ibid. Quays—Plunder committed upon—See River Plunder.
R.
Rape, Laws Relative, to it in England, Death by 18 Eliz. c. 7, 47 The Egyptian Law relative to this Crime, ib. The Athenian ditto, ib. The Roman ditto, ib. The Jewish ditto, ib. Receivers of Stolen Property: Receivers of Cash, or Bank Notes, not punishable, 8 nor of Horses and Cattle, 9, n. 3000 estimated to be in the Metropolis, 10 The greatest encouragers of Thieves, 9 Their wonderful increase in the last 20 years, 12 Restraints upon them a public benefit, 13, 14, 104 Make previous contracts with Thieves, 103, 291 Hostlers at Watering Houses often Receivers of Corn, &c., 88 Journeymen Butchers receive Cattle, 104 Receivers considered separately, Cap. VIII., 288, 308, &c. The chief cause of Public Depredation, 289 The different Classes detailed, 292, 293 By 3 and 4 William and Mary, c. 9. made Accessaries after the fact, 294 By 4 Geo. I. c. 11. punishable by Transportation for fourteen Years, 295, 301 The Laws enumerated relative to Receivers, and their defects pointed out, 293, 301 A proposition to make the Receiving Stolen Goods an original Offence, 302 Remedies proposed under eight different heads by regulating certain Classes of Dealers, 303, 307 A System of inspection recommended, 308 Applied to for their assistance in recovering valuable Property which is stolen, 384 Religion, Places of Public Worship in the Metropolis, 568 Register of delinquency proposed to be kept by the Central Board of Police, 554 Remedies for Evils mentioned in this Work: To remove the Imperfections in the Criminal Code, 24 To improve the System of the Hulks, 27 To improve also the Mode of Transportation, and the Employment of Convicts, 481, &c. To establish National Penitentiary Houses, 457, 460 To improve the System in granting Licences to Public Houses—See Alehouses. To regulate Dealers in Old Iron, Metals, Stores, Old Wearing Apparel, Founders of Metals, &c. by Licence, 304 To improve the Laws relative to the prevention of Pillage and Plunder in the River Thames—See River Plunder. To improve the Laws relative to the prevention of Frauds, Embezzlements, Pillage and Plunder in Ships of War, and Transports, and in the Naval and other public Arsenals (See Dock-yards), 26, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258 To prevent Highway Robberies and Burglaries, 103 To prevent the Coinage of base Money, and the Sale and Circulation of the same, 190, 211 To prevent the evil effects of the Devices of Cheats, Swindlers, Gamblers and fraudulent Persons, viz. Swindlers in general, 113, 150 Fraudulent Pawnbrokers, 109 Hawkers and Pedlars, 116 Puffing diurnal Auctioneers, 117 Puffing Money Lenders, 118 Illegal Lottery Insurers, 151, 162 Itinerant Jews, 147, 148 Various Classes of Cheats and Swindlers, &c. with Cautions to Tradesmen and others to beware of them, 131 A general Remedy proposed, 131, 132 To prevent the evil of receiving Stolen Goods, and through this medium the Commission of Robberies, Burglaries, Thefts, Larcenies, Embezzlements, Frauds and Swindling, &c. under eight different heads, 302, 303, 304, &c. To prevent Justice from being defeated in the apprehension of Offenders, by Rewards to Officers and others apprehending them (See Rewards), 392, 393 To prevent Frauds in the trial of Offenders by appointing a Prosecutor for the Crown, 21, 26 To proportion all punishments to the nature of the Offence, and to abolish sanguinary and severe Punishments, 28, 29, 59, 60 To improve the System with regard to Pardons—(See Pardons), 27 To improve the System of Police for the Metropolis, by establishing a Fund for Rewards, 509, 512 To establish a concurrent Jurisdiction over the whole of the Metropolis, 419, 420 To establish Police Magistrates in London, 513, n. To establish a Board of Police as a centre point, where a responsible superintending agency, under the Secretary of State for the Home Department, should be pledged to attend to the great outlines of the Police of the Metropolis—(See Police), 25, 26 A System for the more easy recovery of small Debts, 584, 585, 586, 587 To improve the Municipal Police, by extending the same Laws, Penalties and Punishments to every part of the Metropolis, 599, &c. General View of all the Remedies proposed in this Work, against the existing Evils which at present infest the Metropolis, Ch. XX. p. 602, &c. Restraints imposed on Criminal People cannot affect the Liberty of the Subject, 13 Those already established to obtain Revenue, severer, 14 Revenue of the Customs greatly injured by River Plunder, 241, n. Rewards—To be given by Magistrates in order to enable them to detect offenders—The utility explained, 509-511 Rewards necessary to all classes of Public Officers of Justice, for the purpose of exciting vigilance, 409, 410 Rewards granted at present for ten specific Offences, detailed, 390, 391 Amount paid by Sheriffs from 1786 to 1797, £.94,430, 393, n. Rewards paid on Prosecutions at the Old Bailey from Sept. 1790 to 1791, 394, 395 Small Rewards recommended for detecting inferior Offences, 393, 394 The quantum of the Reward to be left to the discretion of the Judge, and allowed according to the merit of the parties, whether there is a conviction or not, 393, 396 Rewards proposed for the detection of Coiners and Utterers of Base Money, 207 For the detection of Plunderers in the Dock-yards, 272 River Plunder, its amazing extent, probably not less than Half a Million per annum, Cap. VIII., 215, 237, 238, 239 Yet not exceeding 15s. per Cent. on the value of the Property exposed, 215, 216, & table 13,000 Vessels and more discharge and receive three millions of Packages annually in the River, 217 Various classes of River Plunderers. River Pirates, (particular instances of their audacious Depredations), 218, 220 Night Plunderers, 220, 223 Light Horsemen, or nightly Plunderers of West India Ships, 223, 226 Heavy Horsemen, or Lumpers, 226, 227 Game Watermen, ibid. Game Lightermen, 228, 231 Mud-Larks, 230 Revenue Officers, 231, 232 Scuffle-hunters, 233, 234 Copemen, or Receivers, 235, 236 See further Marine Police. Robberies and Burglaries—not prevented by the Police System of 1792, and the reason why, 509 Chiefly for want of giving small Rewards, 510 Robbery, defined, 54 Roman Laws, relative to Murder, Theft, 41, 51
S.
Salaries, proposed to be increased to the Servants of the Crown, on the abolition of Perquisites, 282 Sartine, M. de, Minister of Police in Paris, two singular Anecdotes of, 525, 526, &c. Saxon Laws relative to Murder, 44 Schools in the Metropolis, 569 Scuffle-hunters, A class of Labourers who hunt after Work when Ships are discharging, chiefly with a view to plunder, 233, 234 Sequin of Turkey, counterfeited in London, 18, 184, 190 Servants—Corrupted by the temptations of the Metropolis, 12 Particularly by the Lottery, 153, 155 Sewers, their origin and great utility, the Acts relative to them, 591 Sharpers, an account of noted Females concerned in different kinds of Frauds, 127, 130 Sharpers and Swindlers, their various devices to defraud the Public, 114, 115 —— Ought to find security for their Good Behaviour, 135 Ships, in the River Thames, the Loss and Inconvenience arising from the present mode of discharging, (See River Plunder) Silk Manufacturers of Spital-Fields, their Address of Thanks for the Establishment of the Police System in 1792, 519, 520, n. Societies in London for Morals, Arts, &c., 570, 571 Society for the Relief of Persons imprisoned for small Debts, an excellent Institution, 589 Sodomy, the Laws relative to it, and the Punishment, 46 —— Introduced into England by the Lombards, ibid. Soup Charities, their peculiar excellence in relieving the Poor, 81, 82, n., 356 Southwark, the Acts relative to its Police, 594 Spirituous Liquors, the astonishing Consumption of, &c., 327, n. Statutes, See Acts of Parliament. Statute Law—Necessity of its Revisal, and the steps taken for that purpose, 7, n., 32 Stolen Goods, See Receivers. Stores, Government, See Embezzlement; Naval Embezzlements; Acts, 257 Streets in the Metropolis, estimated at 8000, 411 Sugars, the Plunder of, estimated at £.97,000 a year, lost by the Planters and Merchants, and £.25,000 by the Revenue, 241, n. —— Annual losses by Samples, £.60,000 and upwards, 235, n. Suicide, the effect of Gambling in the Lottery, 144, n. Summary View of the Causes of the Insufficiency of the Police, under nine different heads, 24, 25, 26, 27 —— Of Prisoners committed in one year, 429 Superstition of the Jews, See Jews. Swindlers, See Sharpers.
T.
Tea Gardens, Public Evils, 345 —— Proposals for regulating them, 347 Thames (River) See River Plunder—Marine Police. Thefts (petty) Causes and Progress of, Cap. III., 74, & seq. —— By Persons not belonging to the Fraternity of Thieves, estimated at £.700,000, 10 —— From Ships in the River and upon the Wharfs, See River Plunder. —— From Dock-yards, Ships of War, &c. See Dock-yards. —— Burglaries, Highway Robberies, &c., 93, 94, 103 Theft. First punished with Death by Henry I. 1108, 52 The Laws relative to Theft in this and other Nations, 51 Thieves. Professed Thieves not intimidated when put on their Trial; reasons assigned, 424, 425, 426, 449, 450 The different classes of persons who resort to thieving and robbing, 95, 96 Many Thieves taken off by the War, but many remain behind on account of ruptures and other disabilities, which, however, do not prevent their committing Crimes, 99, 100 The means used by them to accomplish their purposes, 100, 105, 291 Tokens, Provincial Coins, respecting which Regulations are proposed, 198 Transportation, when first introduced as a Punishment, 454 Offences punishable in this way detailed, 440 Expence of the Transportation of Convicts to New South Wales, and their Confinement in the Hulks, 460, 469 Travelling Police, A plan of hinted at, 109, n. Treason, The Laws relative to it explained, viz: Of High Treason, 38, 39, 40 The great inaccuracy of the Act of Edward III. in blending together Crimes disproportionate in their nature, 39 The Laws of China relative to High Treason, 40 Petty Treason, how punished, 41 Twenty Thousand rise every morning in the Metropolis, without knowing how they are to be subsisted through the day, 313, n. Tyburn Ticket, A premium given for apprehending and prosecuting Burglars, House-Breakers and Horse-stealers, explained, 391, n.
U.
Useful Cautions, to Tradesmen and others against the devices of Cheats and Swindlers, and to prevent frauds and Impositions, 124, 131
V.
Vagrants and Vagrancy. A specification of what constitutes this Offence: —— Idle and disorderly persons, how punished, 442, &c. —— Rogues and Vagabonds, 443 —— Incorrigible Rogues, ib. Vessels, trading to the River Thames, nearly 13,500 in the course of a year, 215-217 Volunteers, See Loyal Military Associations.
W.
War, The means of employing Criminals, 99, 100 —— Civil Wars seldom waged from considerations of Virtue or the security of Liberty, 37 Watch-houses in the Metropolis, 414, n. Watching the Metropolis, the Laws relating thereto, 411, 412 Watchmen and Patroles to be placed under the control of the Police, 106, 107 —— Their miserable Establishment from 8½d. to 2s. a night, 107 —— How appointed and paid, 411, 412, 411, n. —— Their general unfitness, 412, 413 —— The abuses which arise from this source, ib. —— The number in the Metropolis, 414 —— Rewards proposed to excite vigilance, 415, 416 Watchmakers to be registered, 108 Water and Waterworks, 595 Watermen on the Thames, Act 34 Geo. III. regulating their Fares, &c., 596 West India Produce pilfered in a year, 240, 241, n. Westminster, The Acts of Parliament relative to its Police, 411, n., 412, n. Women and Children of late years regularly frequent the Tap rooms of Public Houses a proof of the Corruption of Morals, 310-314 Writs. An extraordinary Statement of the astonishing expence of small Law-suits, exemplified by an authentic Table of the number of Writs issued in Middlesex in the course of a year, 587 The Subject further explained, 585, 588
FINIS.