INDEX.
Reading edition
Abel’s silicate of soda process, 160
Academy of Sciences, Holland, report on sea-worms, 235
Acetate of lead, 226
” iron and wood tar, 130
Acid, carbolic, 257, 276
” fluoric, 287
” hydrochloric, 286
” hydro-fluo-silicic, and other substances, 166
” nitric, 98, 285
” pyroligneous, 111, 144, 263
” sulphuric, 161, 285
” vegetable, 111
Age of trees, how to ascertain, 9
Air, admission of, to prevent or cure rot, 27, 171, 187, 284, 292
Alberti (L. B.), on seasoning wood, 66, 75
Alcohol, in corrosive sublimate, 263, 265, 266, 279
Alderson’s (Captain), experiments with woods, 127
Alkali, caustic, 122
Alum, to prevent combustion, 118
” experiments with, 119
” and other substances, 156, 166, 167
American method of preserving ships’ masts, 111
” oak, inferior to English, 40
Ammonia, to cure rot, 118, 137
” and other substances, 131, 286
Amsterdam, built on piles, 23
Annual rings in wood, 8
Ants, black, how to destroy, 287
” white, description of, 240
” ” how to destroy, 251, 286
” ” in Australia, Bahia, and Pernambuco, 245
” ” in Batavia, 247
” ” in Brazil, 244
” ” in Ceylon and the Philippine Islands, 246
” ” in France and Japan, 248
” ” in India, 251
” ” in Jamaica, 241
” ” in Spain, Senegal, and Surinam, 248
” ” woods which resist, 249
Armstrong’s (J.), account of rotten floor, 43
Arsenic, 224, 252, 287
” experiments with, 167
” and other substances, 253
Asphalte, to keep out damp, 179
Australian method of seasoning Jarrah wood, 115
Baker’s (J.), case of dry rot in Baltic wood, 177
Ballast for railway sleepers, 48, 138
Bank of England, dry rot in dome, 42
Banks (Sir J.), on growth of fungi, 44
Barium sulphide, to preserve wood, 156
Barlow’s patent process, 102
” on seasoning wood, 78
Barnacles on timber piles, 223, 226
Barry (Sir C.), on steaming wood, 90
Baryta, and other substances, 166
Basement stories with damp, 23, 181, 182, 187
Bayonne, girder in church at, 174
Beams, advantage of sawing, 32
Bees, carpenter, destroy wood, 240, 259
” wax, and other substances, 156
Beetles, in wood, 262, 275
” how to destroy, 286
Belgian engineers prefer charred sleepers, 96
Belidor, on felling trees, 54
Belton House (Earl Brownlow’s), beetles in carvings at, 268, 281
Bentham (Sir S.), on drying oak, 91
Benzine, to destroy wood beetles, 266, 277, 286
Berkeley, on fungi, 21
Bethell’s (J.), patent creosoting process, 130, 155, 224, 234, 286
” ” drying stoves, 86
Binmer, on steaming and charring, 99
Biot, on pressure process, 144
Blenheim, state of carvings at, 281
” carvings in yellow deal at, 273
Blood, and other substances, 167
Bond timber, decay of in walls, 45, 174
Borax, a receipt for black ants, 287
” and other substances, 156
Boucherie’s (Dr.), sulphate of copper process, 146
Bourne’s (J.), experiments with wood, 254
Bowring’s (Sir J.), account of ants in Obando, 247
Boyden’s (A.), remedies for dry rot, 95, 112, 122
Brande (Dr.), on preserving woods, 139, 142, 155
Bréant’s patents, 145
Brick dust, tar, &c., to preserve piles, 228
Brimstone, bees-wax, &c., to preserve wood, 156
Brochard and Watteau’s process, 80
Browne’s (Sir S.), experiments with piles, 229
Brunei (Sir M. I.), 138, 139, 215, 228
Buffon, 144, 198
Builders, bad, 182, 202
Building, hints on, 180
Burnett’s (Sir F.), patent zinc process, 140, 224, 254, 255, 286
Burt’s experience of creosoted sleepers, 137
Cadet de Gassicourt’s process for dry rot, 144
Calomel, composition of, 264
Calvert’s caoutchouc process, 162
Camphor disliked by ants, 287
Canadian white spruce deals liable to warp, 65
” yellow wood liable to rot in damp situations, 36, 43
Caoutchouc, solution of, 162
” and other substances, 163
Carbolic acid, for wood beetles, 257, 276
Carbonate of soda (Payne’s process), 154
Carbonization by gas, 97, 164
Carpenter bees destroy wood, 240, 259
Carpenter (Dr.), on growth of fungi, 43
Carvers, wood, 280
Carvings destroyed by worms, 266
” how to clean, 270
” to destroy worms in, 286
Cashiobury, carvings at, destroyed by beetle, 269
Cement, to protect piles, 227, 228
Ceylon, ants in, 246
Chalk, and other substances, 161
Champy’s tallow process, 144
Chapman (W.), on dry rot, 25, 73, 112, 119, 122, 165, 167
Charcoal—see Oils, Whale, and Fish—to preserve wood, 121
” and other substances, 157
Charpentier’s hot air patent, 80
Charring wood, 95
” when useful, 100
” and pitching, 96
Chassloup Lambat’s suggestion to prevent rot, 163
Château of the Roques d’Oudres, girders at, 174
Chatsworth, Gibbons’ carvings at, 281
Chelura terebrans destroy piles, 219
Chemists prefer thin creosote, 131
Chinese method of preserving wood, 167
Chippendale’s carvings, 281
Chloride of calcium, 146
” of manganese, 154
” of sodium, 164
” of zinc—see Burnett’s Process
Chlorine gas, and other substances, 123
Chloroform, for wood beetles, 277
Chunam, and cocoa-nut oil, 107
Church at Bayonne, fir girders in, 174
” of Holy Trinity, Cork, rot in vaults, 39
” in London, rot in roof, 184
” in Surrey, 289
” of St. Mark, Venice, rot in curb, 176
” of Old St. Pancras, London, rot in vaults, 40
Cleghorn (Dr.), on creosoted sleepers, 47, 136, 142
Coal Exchange, flooring of, 81
” tar, 170, 233, 246, 256, 262
” ” and other substances 123, 284, 285
” vessels last long, 117
Cobley’s patent lime process, 166
Colocynth and quassia, 263
” and other substances, 285
Colouring woods, 108
Commission, report of, on carvings, 266, 274
Cooke’s (M. C.) instance of fungi, 43
Copal varnish, 191, 197
” in linseed oil, 285
Copper, red oxide of, 161
” prussiate of, 146
” sulphate of—see Sulphate of Copper
” nitrate of, 226
” sheathing against sea-worms, 228
” ” and tarred felt, 285
Copperas, and coal tar, 284
” to preserve ships, 112, 226
Cork, for ends of brestsummers, 174
Corrosive sublimate, 123, 226, 264, 265, 285, 286
” and other substances, 130, 155, 263, 265, 266, 279, 285
Covent Garden Theatre, dry rot in bond, 175
Cow-dung mortar, and oils, 251
Creosote (Bethell’s patent), 118, 130, 133, 142, 165, 230, 236, 255, 257, 285, 287
” vapour, 145
” and chloride of zinc, 133
Crepin (M.), on creosoted wood, 139, 236
Cryptogamia, or fungi, 15
Cullen’s process for dry rot, 157
Dammer oil, and other substances, 255
Damp, 176, 177, 178, 181
” a cause of decay in wood, 22
” rooms, how to ascertain, 24
Darwin’s process for dry rot, 156
Daviller (A. C.), on felling trees, 54
Davison and Symington’s process, 81
Davy (Sir H.), on corrosive sublimate, 127, 263
Deals require long seasoning, 64
” how sometimes imported, 35
Deane’s (Sir T.), account of dry rot case, 39
Decay of trees, symptoms of, 33
De Lapparent’s processes, 73, 97, 163
Desiccating processes, 81
Dickson (Dr.), on Kyan’s process, 130
” (J.), on seasoning wood, 75
Ditton Park, carvings destroyed at, 269
Donaldson’s (Prof. T. L.) account of dry rot case, 42
Dondeine’s paint, 165
Dorsett and Blythé’s copper process, 151
Doswell’s report on timber piles, 232
Dram battens liable to rot, 8
Dry rot, wet rot, and rot.
” appearances of, 31, 35
” causes of, 24
” danger of, 34
” how different from wet rot, 14
” proceeds according to temperature 29, 187
” caused by bad building, 182
” ” mortar, 44, 173, 177
” ” damp brickwork, 44, 182
” ” ” ground, 20, 21
” ” ” stone, 44
” ” heat and moisture, 23
” ” insufficient areas, 178
” ” ” tarpaulings, 184
” ” joining different woods, 176
” ” kamptulicon, 187
” ” Keene’s cement, 188
” ” oiled cloth, 185
” ” old trees, 183
” ” partial leaks, 23
” ” want of air, 171, 172, 186, 187, 188
” ” ” proper drains and spouts, 41
” increased by stoves, 172
” in ground, under house at Hampstead, 20
” under foundations, Norfolk House, 176
” ” ” Grosvenor Place, 176
” ” floor, Stanmore Cottage, 183
” ” hearthstone, 43
” ” pavement at Basingstoke, 43
” on paved floor, Westminster Hall, 44
” in vaults, Old St. Pancras Church, 40
” on vaults, Holy Trinity Church, Cork, 39
” in cask in cellar, 43
” ” basement floor of house, Greenwich, Frontispiece
” ” ground floor of houses, 43, 177, 185, 186, 187
” ” first floor of house, No. 29, Mincing Lane, 187
” ” second floor of house, No. 79, Gracechurch Street, 187
” ” barn floor, 42
” on floor of house, No. 106, Fenchurch Street, London, 186
” in wood bond, Covent Garden theatre, 175
” ” damp closet, or pantry, 16
” ” wood lining to walls—basement, 125
” ” floor of house in the Temple, London, 124
” ” brestsummer of shop, 42
” ” girder of house (Earl of Mansfield’s), 32
” ” ” building at Malta, 32
” ” partition, No. 16, Mark Lane, London, 188
” ” roof, church in London, 184
” ” ” ” Surrey, 289
” ” curb of dome, St. Mark’s, Venice, 176
” ” dome, Bank of England, 42
” ” ” Halle-au-Blé, Paris, 42
” ” ” Panthéon, Paris, 42
” ” Society of Arts building, Adelphi, 42
” ” field gates, 183
” ” foreign timber, 35
” ” paling 125
” in ships, 23, 26, 73, 93, 112, 114, 172
” prevented by seasoning, 63
” good, cheap, and easy remedy required, 291
Du Hamel, 66, 72, 144
Duke of Devonshire’s house, dry rot at, 40
D’Uslaw’s, Meyer, steam process, 102
Dutch method of coating piles, 221
Earl Brownlow’s house, beetles in carvings at, 268
” of Mansfield’s house, rotten yellow fir girder at, 32
Emerson’s boiled oil process for rot, 110
Endogenous stems, grow from within, 4
Engineers, English, 139, 288
” foreign, rules for sulphate of copper, 151
” ” ” creosote, 131, 133
Evelyn (Sir J.), on seasoning wood, 53, 73, 75
Exogenous stems, grow from without, 4
Faraday (Prof.), on corrosive sublimate, 129, 263
Felt, tarred, and copper sheathing, 285
Fences, how to prevent them rotting, 46, 161
Fenchurch Street, No. 106, dry rot on floor, 186
Feuchtwanger’s (Dr.), water-glass for piles, 226
Field gates, dry rot in, 183
Fire-proof houses, cost of, 143
” ” necessity of, 291
Flemish carvings in England, 280
Flockton’s wood tar process to preserve wood, 130
Floor-cloths, injurious effects of, 185
Floors, how to protect from worms, 266
” dry rot in, 20, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 125, 176, 182, 183, 186, 187
” ” Frontispiece
Fluoric acid, for the black ant, 287
Fontenay’s metallic soap, to preserve wood, 165
Forestier’s experiments with creosoted piles, 139, 236
Foundations, how to build, 179
Fraser’s (Capt. A.) paint for white ants, 253
Fungi differ according to situation, 22
” explanation of the term, 15
” forms and strength of, 31, 43
” production of, 15, 18, 19, 20
” rapid growth of, 44
Gambir composition for white ants, 255
Garlic and vinegar for worms, 106
Gas, carbonization of wood by, 97, 164
” chlorine, and other substances, 123
Gibbons’ (Grinling), carvings, 260, 280
Glue, solution of, to preserve ships, 112
” and other substances, 112, 122, 130
Gracechurch Street, No. 79, dry rot in second floor, 187
Graham (Prof.), on Burnett’s process, 140
Grease, how to take it out of floor, 191
Greenwich, rot in floor of house at, Frontispiece
Greville’s (Dr.) description of fungi, 21
Groo-groo worms in Surinam, 247
Grosvenor Place, rotten planking in houses, 176
Guibert’s smoke process, 93
Hales’ (Dr.) oil and creosoting processes, 111, 118
Halle-au-Blé, Paris, dry rot in dome of, 42
Haller’s (Dr.) analysis of a fungus, 31
Hampstead, dry rot in ground of house at, 20
Hancock’s caoutchouc and oil process, 162
Hartley’s experiments with fire-proof house, 120
Hawkshaw’s opinion of Payne’s process, 155
Higgins’ (Dr.) ammonia remedy for rot, 118
House, fire-proof, 120
” ” cost of, 143
” badly erected, 182, 202
Howe’s experiments with posts, 45
Humboldt, Baron, on damp rooms, 24
Indestructible Paint Company, 195
Indian Woods, 47, 134, 223, 250
Ingredients for preserving wood, 168
Iron, cast, effect of sea-water on, 230
” muriate of, 157
” prussiate of, 146
” pyrolignite of, 130, 146, 151, 156, 234
” sulphate of, 154, 157, 284
Jackson’s preserving processes, 111
” (G.) experiments with white ants, 254
Jagherry, or coarse Indian sugar, for mortar, 253
Japanese method of treating graining, 194
Jarrah wood, how seasoned, 115
Johnson’s (B.) account of rot in floor, 42
Jones’ (Major, R. E.) report on rotten beams, 32
Kamptulicon causes dry rot in floors, 187
Kenwood, rotten fir girder at, 32
Kidlington, carvings in yellow deal at, 273
Kirthington Park, Gibbons’ carvings at, 281
Knabb’s sulphate of copper process, 152
Kœnig’s opinion of sulphate of copper, 152
Kyan’s corrosive sublimate patent, 123, 205, 223, 233
Lampblack, and fish oil, 108
Langton’s extraction of sap process, 101
Lead, 173, 179, 200
” and tarred rope for piles, 228
” oxide of, and other substances, 123
Légé and Fleury-Pironnet’s copper patent, 149
Le Gras’ manganese, zinc, and creosote patent, 164
Lepisma worm destroys boats, 221
Letellier’s preserving processes, 130, 165
Lewis’ lime process, 112, 116
Liebig (Baron) on decay of wood, 19
Lime, to preserve wood, 112, 116, 253, 286
” and other substances, 107, 117, 156, 157, 166, 255, 285
” re-carbonated, injurious to wood, 116
” water, to preserve ships, 116, 122
” ” ” basement joists, 116
” ” and sulphuric acid, 156
” vessels last long, 116
Limnoria terebrans, description of, 217
” ” how it destroys piles, 218
Linseed oil—see Oils
Litharge ” ”
Logs, state of, on arrival in England, 37
Lowestoft Harbour, creosoted piles in, 230
Lukins’ stove process, 121
Lycoris fucata, destroys the Teredo navalis, 237
Lyme Hall, carvings at, 281
Maconochie’s suggestions for preserving wood, 121, 145, 163
McMaster (B.), on decay of railway sleepers, 47
McWilliam, on fungi, 20, 22, 29
Makinson, on creosoted piles, 231
Malta, rotten girders in building at, 32
Manganese, and other substances, 163, 165
Mann’s (Capt.) and McPherson’s (Capt.) experiments, 255
Margary’s patent sulphate of copper process, 130, 150, 254
Mark Lane, No. 16, dry rot in partition at, 188
Marshall (G.), on seasoning oak, 69
Maun (G. O.), on sleepers, Pernambuco railway, 138
Mecquenem’s desiccating process, 80
Mellis (J. C.), on creosoted wood, 256
Melseun’s experiments with ammonia, 137
Mercer’s Hall, decay of carvings at, 267
Mercury, deuto-chloride of, 165
” bi-chloride—see Corrosive Sublimate
Merulius lachrymans, dry rot fungus, 21
Methods for seasoning wood, 168
Methylated spirits of wine for carvings, 279
Michigan Central Railroad bridge, dry rotten, 185
Migneron’s process, 144
Miller’s hot air process, 102
Mincing Lane, No. 29, dry rot in first floor at, 187
Moll’s vapour of creosote process, 145
Moon, age of, a guide for cutting trees, 56
Mortar made with sea sand objectionable, 113, 181
” cow-dung and castor oil, 251
Mud and other substances to preserve wood, 253
Müenzing’s manganese process, 154
Mundic, to preserve wood, 118
Muriate of iron (Toplis’ process), 157
Nails, scupper, for piles, 228, 286
Neamann, on seasoning wood, 79, 117
Nichols (T.), on sand bath, 116
Nitrate of copper for piles, 226
Nitric acid, for worms, 285
Norfolk House, rotten planking at, 176
Norway white lowland deals warp, 65
Nystrom’s process, to prevent combustion, 166
Oak, American, liable to rot, 40
” different qualities of, 71
” good and bad, 25
” seasoning, 69, 70, 90, 91
” panelling, if not seasoned, shrinks, 288
” how to prevent splitting, 106
Ohio fire-proof paint, 185
Oil, Arracan, to protect wood from ants, 252
” boiled, to preserve planks of ships, 111
” castor, with cow-dung mortar, 251
” cajeput, to protect wood from ants, 247, 286
” of cedar, to protect wood from worms, 106
” cocoa-nut, to preserve wood, 107
” ” and other substances, 107
” dammer, and other substances, 255
” fish, 108
” ” experiments with, 108
” ” and other substances, 108
” linseed, 106
” ” and other substances, 106, 165, 268, 284, 285
” olive, 106
” of juniper, to prevent worms, 285
” of mustard, to preserve wood, 107
” of spikenard, 106, 285
” of tar; and other substances, 123, 155, 162
” of tar—see Coal Tar
” palm, to preserve wood, 106, 107
” ” and other substances, 123
” paraffin, to cure dry rot, 285
” petroleum, to preserve wood, 109, 157, 169, 262, 287
” ” and sand, 109
” vegetable, best to preserve wood, 106
” whale, 286
” ” renders wood brittle, 106
” ” and other substances, 106, 107
” and other substances, 156, 167
Oils, animal, render wood brittle, 107
Oxford’s patent, 123
Painting, house, described, 199
” ” causes rot, 183, 185, 269
” how to remove from carvings, 270
Paling, rot in, 185
Pallas’ iron and lime process, 117
Panthéon, Paris, dry rot in dome, 42
Parkes’ caoutchouc process, 162
Parry’s (Dr.) suggestion to prevent rot, 156
Passez’s caoutchouc in sulphur process, 162
Pasteur, researches of, 17
Patents, most successful patents, 169
Payne’s patent process, 144, 154, 156, 223, 254
Peat moss, for seasoning wood, 116
Penrose’s report on carvings, St. Paul’s Cathedral, 271
Pepys, Memoirs of, account of rot in ships in, 24
Pering on dry rot, 25
Petersburgh deals, white and yellow, 38, 66
Petroleum oil to prevent rot, 109, 157, 169, 262, 287
Phillips (R.), on seasoning oak, 70
Piles, timber, 23, 96, 219, 221, 223, 226, 228, 285
” ” cased in iron, 229
Pine, yellow, liable to rot, 43
Pitch, 96, 174, 224
” and other substances, 107, 159
Pith of tree, formation of, 4
Pliny, on salt-water seasoning, 72
Polyporus hybridus fungi, 21
Porcher (Dr.), on seasoning wood, 75
Posts, experiments with, 45
” in Norway, how preserved, 173
” burning ends to preserve, 96, 98
” where they decay, 24
” coating, to preserve, 161
Potash, and other substances, 166, 167
Price and Manby’s drying stove, 88
Pringle (Sir J.), on the strength of alum, 119
Pritchard’s report on sea-worms, 156, 233
Processes, rules for successful, 110
” pressure and vacuum, 168
Prussiate of copper (Boucherie’s process), 146
” of iron ” ” 146
Pyroligneous acid, 111, 144, 263
Pyrolignite of iron, 130, 146, 151, 234
” ” and oil of tar, 156
Quassia, 266, 285
” and colocynth, 263
Quatrefages’ experiments, 225, 242
Quicklime, if dry, preserves wood, 116
Railway sleepers, 47, 49, 74, 101, 103, 125, 134, 136, 138, 140, 143, 149, 151, 152, 251, 254
Rance’s experiments with chloride of sodium, 164
Randall (J.), on oxidating wood, 98
Ransome’s silicate of soda process, 156, 227
Rats, how to get rid of, 173
Reid’s vegetable acid process, 111
Remedies for white ants, 286
” for black ants, 287
” for dry rot, 284
” worms in carvings, 286
” ” in piles, 285
Renwick’s vapour of creosote process, 146
Resin, and other substances, 122, 159, 161, 285
Robins, oleaginous vapour process, 157
Rogers (W. J.), the wood carver, 72, 268, 274
Rot, internal causes of, 32
” in timber, how to ascertain, 33, 185
” ” to prevent, 283
” ” to cure, 284
Salt, bay, to preserve ships, 114
” common, to preserve ships, 112
” ” to preserve railway sleepers, 74
” water, lime, &c., to preserve wood, 73, 111
” vessels last long, 114
Saltpetre, to preserve ships, 114
Salts, deliquescent, corrode metals, 112
Sand and coal tar, 284
” and petroleum, 109
” bath, 116
” sea, 113, 181
Sapwood in different woods, 3
Saturating woods to resist beetles, 279
Scott’s (Col.) paint for ants, 253
Sea salt and copperas, 166
” sand, 113, 181
” water, effect of, on iron, 230
” weed, 113
” worms, 203
Seasoning by air, and exposure in stacks, 64
” ” heated, 80
” by extraction of sap, 101
” ” water, fresh, 71
” ” ” salt, 73, 113
” ” ” ” sea-weed, and sea-sand, 115
” ” ” lime, 73, 111
” ” smoke, 91
” ” steaming and boiling, 77
” ” ” charring, 99
” ” gas, 97, 164
” ” sand bath, 116
” ” scorching and charring, 95,97
” ” baking, 79, 81, 86, 88, 94
” oak, 69, 70, 72, 289
” second, 103
Sea-worms, woods which resist, 223
Selenite, experiments with, 119
Shakes in wood, 10, 249, 250
Shaw (Capt. E. M.), on admission of air, 120, 171
Shield’s remedy for white ants, 245, 256
Ships, 99, 111, 112, 114, 116, 117, 194, 251
” dry rot in, 23, 26, 73, 93, 112, 114
Silicate of potash, 155
” of soda, 156, 160, 227
” ” and lime, 160
Silloway (T. W.), on seasoning wood, 75, 92
Silver grain, 6
Size for wood, why required, 197
” and corrosive sublimate, 266
Slating wall to keep out damp, 177
Sleepers, see Railway Sleepers
Smirke (Sir R.), on dry rot, 20, 123
Smith’s solution for wood beetles, 264
Soap, experiments with, 122
” metallic, to preserve wood, 165
” yellow ” ” 165
” and other substances, 253
Society of Arts building, dry rot in, 42
Soda, carbonate of, 155
Soluble glass, 155
Southend pier, attacked by sea-worms, 209
Spores, description of, 15
Stains for woods, 189, 197
Stanmore Cottage, dry rot in floor at, 183
Steam, 145, 168
” —see Seasoning by Steam
Stephenson (Sir M.), on creosoted wood, 134
Stevenson (R.), on timber piles, 205, 217
St. James’s Church, Piccadilly, carvings at, 272, 281
St. Helena, experiments with woods at, 256
St. Mark’s, Venice, rotten curb of dome at, 176
St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, 42, 271, 290
St. Preuve’s steam process, 80
Stove drying, 79, 81, 86, 88, 94
Strength of timber, 11
Strontia, and other substances, 166
Sublimate—see Corrosive Sublimate
Sulphate of copper, 122, 146, 149, 150, 151, 161, 226, 284
” ” and sulphuric acid, 285
” of iron, 154, 157, 284
” ” and other substances, 117, 166, 284
Sulphur, 163
” in other substances, 163, 285
Sulphuric acid, 161, 285
Surinam, groo-groo worms in, 247
Swift’s, Dean, recipe for beetles, 282
Tallow bath for wood, 144
Tar, and other substances, 106, 130, 159, 228, 251, 284
Tarred rope, and lead for piles, 228
Teak oil, to preserve wood from ants, 259
” chips, distilled, 163
Temple of Diana, at Ephesus, built on charred piles, 98
” buildings, London, dry rot in, 124
Tennant’s (Sir E.) account of ants in Ceylon, 246
” ” bees ” 260
Teredo navalis, description of, 212
” —see Worms, Sea
Termites—see Ants, White
Tie-beam, instance of unseasoned, 289
Timber depreciates by keeping too long, 64
Tissier’s hot air process, 102
Toplis’ sulphate of iron process, 157
Tredgold (T.), on seasoning wood, 78, 101, 290
Treenails, 26, 110, 118
Trees, symptoms of decay in, 52
” how to prepare for felling, 61
” when to fell, 53, 54, 55, 58
Trinity College, Cambridge, carvings at, 269, 273
” Oxford ” 269, 273
Truman’s brewery, seasoning casks at, 84
Turpentine prevents rot, 36, 257, 263, 285
” in corrosive sublimate, 115
Uninflammable wood, good process required for, 170, 291
Unseasoned oak panelling, 288
” roof principal, 289
Vaporizing woods, 276
Vapour of creosote process, 145
Venice, built on piles, 23
Vernet’s fire-proof method, 167
Vessels in coal trade last long, 117
” in lime ” 116
” in salt ” 114
Vinegar—see Garlic
Vitriol, blue—see Sulphate of Copper
” green—see Sulphate of Iron
Vitruvius on seasoning wood, 75
Vulliamy (G.), on charring posts, 96
Wade’s suggestions for preserving wood, 119, 122
Wainscot, Crown Riga, 90
” dry rot in, 35, 125
” how to cut oak for, 70
” unseasoned oak for, 289
Wallis’ experiments with beetles, 276
Walnut juice for worms, 263
Warburton’s (H.) opinion of American oak, 40
Warping of boards, 66, 67
Water in wood, 39, 67, 180
” in church, 29
” glass to preserve piles, 226
Watson’s (Dr.) experiments with wood, 67
Westwood’s (Prof.) report on wood beetles, 262
Wet rot, how caused, 14, 28
Wimpole, carvings at, 273
Wood bond decays, 175, 176
” progress of decay in, 19
” (Rev. J.), on worms and ants, 211, 265
Woods best when not painted, 189
” experiments with, 46, 58, 67
” french polished, 192
” white, improved by water seasoning, 72
” which resist beetles, 273
” ” sea-worms, 223
” ” white ants, 249
Woodcutters, 55
” tricks of Indian, 11
” tricks, of, in Ceylon, 114
Woody fibre, formation of, 2, 7
Worms, sea, 203
” how to prevent in wood, 285
Wren (Sir C.), 23, 98, 221, 271
Zinc, chloride of—see Burnett’s Process
” sulphate of, 122
” white oxide of, 226
” and other substances, 165
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