INTRODUCTION.

The Electric Telegraph is unquestionably one of our most valuable public utilities.

In commercial life the telegraph has revolutionized business methods. Transactions are now effected between New York, London and other financial centres in minutes, which formerly occupied weeks, and even months, to accomplish. In social life the advantages of telegraph communication are equally apparent; travel where we may, we are always within reach of friends or kindred at a distance by means of the telegraph wires.

The daily Press is now enabled to record the moving accidents on flood and field in all parts of the world, a few hours or even minutes after their occurrence.

The dreadful catastrophe at Martinique, with the loss of thousands of human lives; the fire in a Chicago theatre, and the loss of hundreds of women and children through culpable negligence; the shocking loss of life on the excursion steamer “General Slocum” through lack of life-saving appliances is gruesome reading, but the public demand it; the more pleasing event of King Edward’s visit to President Loubet, on his mission of Peace, and the return visit of the latter to London are a few examples of news carried over the wires, all within the purview of the humblest reader. There are few who cannot afford the price of a daily paper, and thus keep in touch with current events, but no very long time ago a daily newspaper was beyond the reach of all but the comparatively wealthy. The advent of the telegraph with its multifarious budget of news from every quarter of the Globe caused a large increase in circulation, and a decrease in price naturally followed.

During the Crimean war, when telegraph communication had been established with the army headquarters, the working men of a manufacturing concern near Glasgow, in which the writer was employed, clubbed together to defray the cost of a daily newspaper, the price then being four pence halfpenny, much beyond the means of a single individual. During the dinner hour he read to an interested and attentive audience the latest despatches from the seat of war, many of whom would forego dinner rather than miss the daily pabulum of war news. Now all this is changed, the poorest laboring man can afford the price of a daily paper, formerly only enjoyed by his more opulent countrymen.

Still earlier, Macaulay, in his History of England, tells us of the news letter, the predecessor of the modern newspaper, wherein he says: “The news letter within a week after its arrival had been thumbed over by twenty families, and furnished the neighboring squires with matter for talk over their October, and the Rector with topics for sharp sermons.”

The news letters were collated in London, for the benefit of provincial readers. The price was no doubt high, and the contents probably consisted of gossip or scandal in high life, details of a cocking main, an affair between my Lord Tomnoddy and a Captain of the Blues, or affairs of Church and State. Now the four quarters of the earth is ransacked daily and news collected at immense labor and enormous cost by the associated press, and retransmitted to all points of the compass.

Wireless telegraphy, the latest marvel in applied science, is surely and steadily forging ahead, and will cover areas of land and sea, where the land and cable wires do not operate.

The writer feels that no apology is necessary in publishing the following brief outline of telegraph history, a subject which he believes will interest both the old as well as younger readers.

The data of English telegraph history is largely derived from an early edition of the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, while that of the American is taken from a voluminous work published about a quarter of a century ago, by James D. Reid, a friend and associate of Professor Morse. The facts relating to Canadian history are taken from original records, while that of submarine and wireless telegraphy is from numerous sources of contemporary literature and personal knowledge.

While admitting there is nothing strikingly original in the work, the writer ventures to hope that the style will commend itself to those who prefer brevity to wearisome detail.

The Telegraph in England.

CONTENTS OF SECTION ONE.

PAGE

Explanatory 10

Telegraph, Electric 11

The Needle Telegraph 22

British Government acquires Telegraphs 29

Telegraph Development 36

Sir William Fothergill Cooke 37

Sir Charles Wheatstone 39

The Telegraph in the United States.

CONTENTS OF SECTION TWO.

Origin of the Telegraph 44

The Magnetic Telegraph Co. 60

The Western Union Telegraph Co. 61

The Postal Telegraph & Cable Co. 74

The Associated Press of America 81

Prof. S. F. B. Morse 89

The Telegraph in Canada.

CONTENTS OF SECTION THREE.

The Origin of the Montreal Telegraph Company 108

The Great North-Western Telegraph Company 116

The Canadian Pacific Telegraphs 120

Canadian Government Telegraphs 123

Remarks 125

Reminiscent Stories 126

Some Prominent Telegraphists 165

Submarine Telegraphy.

CONTENTS OF SECTION FOUR.

Origin Deep Sea Telegraphy 198

First Cable Company 207

First Atlantic Cable 210

Cable Repairs 213

Cable Instruments 218

Cyrus W. Field 223

Michael Faraday 228

Lord Kelvin 229

John W. Brett 232

Wireless Telegraphy.

CONTENTS OF SECTION FIVE.

Sketch of Signor Guiglielmo Marconi 233

Genesis of Wireless Telegraphy 235

Evolution of Wireless Telegraphy 237

The Marconi Telegraph Company 239

Wireless Telegraph Apparatus 243

Opinion of Thos. A. Edison 245

A Cable Manager’s Views 246

An Interview with Marconi 248

Trip of SS. “Minneapolis” 252

The Disabled SS. “Kroonland” 253

Uses of Wireless Telegraphy 255

A Newspaper Opinion 256

Wireless Telegraphy on the SS. “Parisian” 260

Future of Wireless Telegraphy 264

Dominion Wireless Telegraph Company 267