INDEX

Able, Mrs., sister of Mary Owens, 55, 60 Adams, Charles Francis, member of Congress, United States minister to England, sent to England, 211 Alabama, State of, admitted as State, 1819, 19 Alabama, the, Confederate cruiser, sunk by the Kearsarge, 525 Albemarle, the, Confederate ironclad, destruction of, October 27 1864, 525 Albert, Prince Consort, drafts note to Lord Russell about Trent affair, 247 Alexander II, Czar of Russia, emancipates Russian serfs, 101 Alexandria, Virginia, occupation of, 214 American Party, principles of, 101, 102; nominates Millard Fillmore for President 1856, 102 Anderson, Robert, brevet major-general United States army, transfers his command to Fort Sumter, 177, 178; reports condition of Fort Sumter, 182; notified of coming relief, 188; defense and surrender of Fort Sumter, 189, 190; telegram about Frémont's proclamation, 240; sends Sherman to Nashville, 254; turns over command to Sherman, 254; raises flag over Fort Sumter, 531 Antietam, Maryland, battle of, September 17 1862, 31 Arkansas, State of, joins Confederacy, 200, 204; military governor appointed for, 419; reconstruction in, 426, 427; slavery abolished in, 427; slavery in, throttled by public opinion, 473; ratifies Thirteenth Amendment, 475 Armies of the United States, enlistment in, since beginning of the war, 353, 354; numbers under Grant's command, March 1865, 507; reduction of, to peace footing, 527; grand review of, 527-529 Armstrong, Jack, wrestles with Lincoln, 25 Arnold, Samuel, in conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, 534; imprisoned, 544 Atlanta, Georgia, siege of, July 22 to September 1 1864, 407 Atzerodt, George, in conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, 534; assigned to murder Andrew Johnson, 535; deposits arms in tavern at Surrattsville, 536; execution of, 544 Bailey, Theodorus, rear-admiral United States navy, in expedition against New Orleans, 284 Bailhache, William H., prints Lincoln's first inaugural, 168 Baker, Edward D., member of Congress, United States senator, brevet major-general United States Volunteers, at Springfield, Illinois, 52; nominated for Congress, 73; in Mexican War, 75 Ball's Bluff, Virginia, battle of, October 21, 1861, 262 Baltimore, Maryland, Massachusetts Sixth mobbed in, 193; occupied by General Butler, 199; threatened by Early, 403; funeral honors to Lincoln in, 546 Bancroft, George, Secretary of the Navy, historian, minister to Prussia, letter to Lincoln, 321 Banks, Nathaniel P., Speaker of the House of Representatives, major-general United States Volunteers, in Army of Virginia, 310; forces under, for defense of Washington, 317; operations against Port Hudson, 382; captures Port Hudson, 383, 384; reply to Lincoln, 425; causes election of State officers in Louisiana, 425, 426; opinion of new Louisiana constitution, 426 Barton, William, governor of Delaware, reply to Lincoln's call for volunteers, 193 Bates, Edward, member of Congress, Attorney-General, candidate for presidential nomination 1860, 144; vote for, in Chicago convention, 149; tendered cabinet appointment, 163; appointed Attorney-General, 182; signs cabinet protest, 311; rewrites cabinet protest, 312; resigns from cabinet, 491 Beauregard, G.T., Confederate general, reduces Fort Sumter, 188 -190; in command at Manassas Junction, 215; understanding with Johnston, 216; battle of Bull Run, July 21 1861, 226-229; council with Johnston and Hardee, 267; succeeds to command at Pittsburg Landing, 273; losses at Pittsburg Landing, 274; evacuates Corinth, 275; united with Hood, 409; orders Hood to assume offensive, 410; interview with Davis and Johnston, 520 Bell, John, member of Congress, Secretary of War, United States senator, nominated for President 1860, 143; vote for, 160 Benjamin, Judah P., United States senator, Confederate Secretary of State, suggestions about instructions to peace commissioners, 482; last instructions to Slidell, 501, 502 Berry, William F., partner of Lincoln in a store, 35; death of, 36 Big Bethel, Virginia, disaster at, 214 Blackburn's Ford, Virginia, engagement at, July 18 1861, 226 Black Hawk, chief of the Sac Indians, crosses Mississippi into Illinois, 32 Black, Jeremiah S., Attorney-General, Secretary of State, war of pamphlets with Douglas, 134 Blair, Francis P., Sr., quarrel with Frémont, 236, 487; asks permission to go South, 478; interviews with Jefferson Davis, 479-482; his Mexican project, 479 Blair, Francis P., Jr., member of Congress major-general United States Volunteers quarrel with Frémont, 236, 487, 488 Blair, Montgomery, Postmaster-General, appointed Postmaster-General, 182; quarrel with Frémont, 236, 487, 488; at cabinet meeting, July 22 1862, 331, 332; objects to time for issuing emancipation proclamation, 340; resolution in Republican platform aimed at, 446, 487; relations with members of the cabinet, 488; remarks after Early's raid, 488; retires from cabinet, 489; works for Lincoln's reëlection, 489, 490; wishes to be chief justice, 490; declines foreign mission, 490 Bogue, Captain Vincent, navigates Sangamon River in steamer Talisman, 27, 28 Boonville, Missouri, battle of, June 17 1861, 214 Booth, John Wilkes, personal description of, 534, 535; scheme to abduct Lincoln, 535; creates disturbance at Lincoln's second inauguration, 535; assigns parts in conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, 535, 536; final preparations, 536, 537; shoots the President, 538; wounds Major Rathbone 538; escape of, 539; flight and capture of, 542, 543; death of, 543; account at Montreal Bank, 544 Bragg, Braxton, Confederate general, forces Buell back to Louisville, 275, 276; threatens Louisville, 379; battle of Perryville, 379; battle of Murfreesboro, 380; retreat to Chattanooga, 385; Chattanooga and Chickamauga, 386-392; retreats to Dalton, 392; superseded by Johnston, 395; his invasion delays reconstruction in Tennessee, 428 Breckinridge, John C., Vice-President, Confederate major-general, and Secretary of War, nominated for Vice-President 1856, 104; desires Douglas's reëlection to United States Senate, 126; nominated for President 1860, 143; vote for, 160; joins the rebellion, 217; required by Davis to report on Johnston-Sherman agreement, 523 Breckinridge, Robert J., D.D., LL.D., temporary chairman Republican national convention 1864, 446 Brown, Albert G., member of Congress, United States senator, questions Douglas, 129; demands congressional slave code, 141 Brown, John, raid at Harper's Ferry, trial and execution of, 134 Brown, Joseph E., governor of Georgia, United States senator, refuses to obey orders from Richmond, 481 Browning, Orville H., United States senator, Secretary of the Interior under President Johnson, at Springfield, Illinois, 52; speech in Chicago convention, 151 Browning, Mrs. O.H., Lincoln's letter to, 58, 59 Bryant, William Cullen, presides over Cooper Institute meeting, 138 Buchanan, Franklin, captain United States navy, admiral Confederate navy, resigns from Washington navy-yard and joins the Confederacy, 196 Buchanan, James, fifteenth President of the United States, nominated for President 1856, 104; elected President, 105, 108; announces pro-slavery policy, 114; appoints Walker governor of Kansas, 114; reply to Walker's letter, 115; special message recommending Lecompton Constitution, 115; permits Scott to be called to Washington, 172; non-action regarding secession, 176, 177; reconstruction of his cabinet, 178; rides with Lincoln in inauguration procession, 180; non-coercion doctrine of, 210; signs resolution for constitutional amendment, 476 Buckner, Simon B., Confederate lieutenant-general, stationed at Bowling Green, 254; force of, 263; surrenders Fort Donelson, 267, 268 Buell, Don Carlos, major-general United States Volunteers, succeeds Sherman in Kentucky, 255; driven back to Louisville 1862, 258; instructions about East Tennessee, 258, 259; reluctance to move into East Tennessee, 260; reluctance to coöperate with Halleck, 263, 264, 269; ordered forward to Savannah, 271; arrives at Pittsburg Landing, 273; retreats to Louisville, 275, 276; battle of Perryville, 379; relieved from command, 380 Bull Run, Virginia, battle of, July 21 1861, 226-229; second battle of, August 30 1862, 310, 311 Burnside, Ambrose E., major-general United States Volunteers, holds Knoxville 1863, 258; commands force in Roanoke Island expedition, 277, 278; ordered to reinforce McClellan, 307; orders arrest of Vallandigham, 358; appointed to command Army of the Potomac, 363; previous services, 363, 364; battle of Fredericksburg, 364, 365; relieved from command, 366; ordered to reinforce Rosecrans, 388; besieged at Knoxville, 391; repulses Longstreet, 391 Butler, Benjamin F., major-general United States Volunteers, member of Congress, occupies Baltimore, 199; orders concerning slaves, 220-222; instructions to, about slaves, 223; commands land force in Farragut's expedition against New Orleans, 283; in command at New Orleans, 285; report about negro soldiers, 348, 349; proclaimed an outlaw by Jefferson Davis, 350; seizes City Point, 401; receives votes for Vice-President at Baltimore convention, 448 Butler, William, relates incident about Lincoln, 53 Butterfield, Justin, appointed Commissioner of General Land Office, 92; defended by Lincoln from political attack, 92 Cadwalader, George, major-general United States Volunteers, action in Merryman case, 199, 200 Cairo, Illinois, military importance of, 209, 210 Calhoun, John, appoints Lincoln deputy surveyor, 39, 40; at Springfield, Illinois, 52 Cameron, Simon, United States senator, Secretary of War, candidate for presidential nomination 1860, 144; vote for, in Chicago convention, 149; tendered cabinet appointment, 163, 164; appointed Secretary of War, 182; brings letters of Anderson to Lincoln, 182; visits Frémont, 242; interview with Sherman, 255; appointed minister to Russia, 289; reference to slavery in report to Congress, 320; moves renomination of Lincoln and Hamlin by acclamation, 447 Campbell, John A., justice United States Supreme Court; Confederate commissioner; intermediary of Confederate commissioners, 183; at Hampton Roads conference, 482-485; interviews with Lincoln, 519 Canby, E.R.S., brevet major-general United States army, receives surrender of Taylor, 525; receives surrender of E. Kirby Smith, 526, 527 Carpenter, Frank B., conversation with Lincoln about emancipation proclamation, 331, 332 Carpenter, W., defeated for Illinois legislature 1832, 34; elected in 1834, 43 Carrick's Ford, Virginia, battle of, July 13 1861, 225 Cartter, David K., announces change of vote to Lincoln in Chicago convention, 151 Cartwright, Peter, elected to Illinois legislature in 1832, 34 Chancellorsville, Virginia, battle of, May 1-4 1863, 369 Charleston, South Carolina, capture of, February 18 1865, 415; burning of, 416 Chase, Salmon P., United States senator, Secretary of the Treasury, chief justice United States Supreme Court, candidate for presidential nomination 1860, 144; vote for, in Chicago convention, 149; summoned to Springfield, 163; appointed Secretary of the Treasury, 182; questions McClellan at council of war, 289; signs cabinet protest, 311; favors emancipation by military commanders, 332; urges that parts of States be not exempted in final emancipation proclamation, 343; submits form of closing paragraph, 344; presidential aspirations of, 439-441; letter to Lincoln, 440, 441; resigns from cabinet, 457; effect of his resignation on the political situation, 464; looked upon by radicals as their representative in the cabinet, 487; hostility to Montgomery Blair, 488; made chief justice, 490, 491; note of thanks to Lincoln, 491; opinion of Lincoln, 491; administers oath of office to Lincoln at second inauguration, 496; administers oath of office to President Johnson, 545 Chattanooga, Tennessee, battle of, November 23-25 1863 389-392 Chickamauga, Tennessee, battle of, September 18-20 1863, 386, 387 Clary's Grove, Illinois, settlement of, 24 Clay, Clement C., Jr., United States senator, Confederate agent in Canada, correspondence with Horace Greeley, 459 Clay, Henry, nominated for President, 28 Clements, Andrew J., member of Congress, elected to Congress, 419 Cleveland, Ohio, funeral honors to Lincoln in, 547 Cochrane, John, member of Congress, brigadier-general United States Volunteers, nominated for Vice-President 1864, 442 Cold Harbor, Virginia, battle of, June 1-12, 1864, 399 Colfax, Schuyler, member of Congress, Vice-President, letter to, from Lincoln, 132, 133 Collamer, Jacob, member of Congress, Postmaster-General, United States senator, vote for, in Chicago convention, 149 Columbia, South Carolina, capture and burning of, 415, 416 Columbus, Kentucky, evacuation of, 269 Confederate States of America, formed by seceding States, 178, 179; "corner-stone" theory, 179; government of, fires on Fort Sumter, 189; joined by North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas, 200; strength of, 204; war measures of, 207; capital removed to Richmond, 207; strength of, in the West, 263; outcry of, against emancipation proclamation and arming of negroes, 350, 351; efficiency of armies of, in 1863, 370; proclamation calling on people to resist Sherman's march, 411, 412; nearly in state of collapse, 481; doomed from the hour of Lincoln's reëlection, 499; depreciation of its currency, 499, 500; conscription laws of, 500; Confederate Congress makes Lee general-in-chief, 500; number of soldiers in final struggle, 507; flight of, from Richmond, 515; collapse of the rebellion, 524-527; number of troops surrendered, 527 Congress of the United States, passes act organizing territory of Illinois, 19; fixes number of stars and stripes in the flag, 19; admits as States Illinois, Alabama, Maine, and Missouri, 19; nullification debate in, 38; Lincoln's service in, 75-90; Missouri Compromise, 94-96; Democratic majorities chosen in, in 1856, 108; agitation over Kansas in, 113; Senator Brown's resolutions, 141; official count of electoral votes, 160; appoints compromise committees, 167; Buchanan's annual message to, December 1860, 176, 177; convened in special session by President Lincoln, 192; Lincoln's message to, May 26 1862, 195; legalizes Lincoln's war measures, 206; meeting and measures of special session of Thirty-seventh Congress, 217-220; Southern unionists in, 217; Lincoln's message to, July 4 1861, 218-220; action on slavery, 223; special session adjourns, 223; House passes resolution of thanks to Captain Wilkes, 246; friendly to McClellan, 250; Lincoln's message of December 3 1861, 257, 321, 322; interview of border State delegations with Lincoln, 257, 258, 324, 325; Lincoln's special message, March 6 1862, 323, 324; passes joint resolution favoring compensated emancipation, 325; passes bill for compensated emancipation in District of Columbia, 325, 336; House bill to aid emancipation in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri, 326; slavery measures of 1862, 329; President's second interview with border slave State delegations, 329-331; President's annual message, December 1 1862, 341, 342; passes national conscription law, 354, 355; act authorizing the President to suspend writ of habeas corpus, 359, 360; confers rank of lieutenant-general on Grant, 393; admits representatives and senators from States with provisional governments, 419; President's annual message, December 8 1863, 424; reverses former action about seating members from "ten-per-cent States,"424; bills to aid compensated abolishment in Missouri, 432; opposition to Lincoln in, 454; action on bill of Henry Winter Davis, 454; repeals fugitive-slave law, 457; confirms Fessenden's nomination, 458; Lincoln's message of December 5 1864, 470-472; joint resolution proposing constitutional amendment to prohibit slavery throughout United States, 471-476; the two constitutional amendments submitted to the States during Lincoln's term, 475, 476; Senate confirms Chase's nomination as chief justice, 491 Congress, the, Union sailing frigate, burned by Merrimac, 280 Constitutional Union Party, candidates in 1860, 153 Conventions: first national convention of Whig party, 28; President Jackson gives impetus to system of, 52; Illinois State convention nominates Lincoln for Congress 74, 75; convention of "Know-Nothing" party 1856, 102; Bloomington convention, May 1856, 103; first national convention of Republican party, June 17 1856, 103; Democratic national convention, June 2 1856, 104; Democratic national convention, Charleston, April 23 1860, 142; it adjourns to reassemble at Baltimore, June 18 1860, 143; Constitutional Union Convention, Baltimore, May 9 1860, 143; Republican national convention, Chicago, May 16 1860, 144, 147-151; Decatur, Illinois, State convention, 154; Cleveland convention, May 31 1864, 441, 442; meeting in New York to nominate Grant, 442, 443; New Hampshire State convention, January 6 1864, 443; Republican national convention, June 7 1864, 446-449; Democratic national convention 1864, postponed, 463; Democratic national convention meets, 466-468; resolution of Baltimore convention hostile to Montgomery Blair, 487 Cook, B.C., member of Congress, nominates Lincoln in Baltimore convention, 447; seeks to learn Lincoln's wishes about Vice-Presidency, 448 Cooper, Samuel, Confederate adjutant-general, joins the Confederacy, 208 Corbett, Boston, sergeant United States army, shoots Booth, 543 Corinth, Mississippi, captured by Halleck, 275 Couch, Darius N., major-general United States Volunteers, militia force under, in Pennsylvania, 372 Cox, Samuel, assists Booth and Herold, 542 Crawford, Andrew, teacher of President Lincoln, 12 Crittenden, John J., Attorney-General, United States senator, advocates reëlection of Douglas to United States Senate, 126; in Thirty-seventh Congress, 217; presents resolution, 223 Cumberland, the, Union frigate, sunk by Merrimac, 280 Curtis, Samuel R., member of Congress, major-general United States Volunteers, sends order of removal to Frémont, 242, 243; campaign in Missouri, 269; victory at Pea Ridge, 271 Cushing, William B., commander United States navy, destruction of the Albemarle, 525 Dahlgren, John A., rear-admiral United States navy, at gathering of officials to discuss fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 296 Davis, Henry Winter, member of Congress, bill prescribing method of reconstruction, 454; signs Wade-Davis manifesto, 456 Davis, Jefferson, Secretary of War, United States senator, Confederate President, orders that "rebellion must be crushed" in Kansas, 113; Senate resolutions of, 141; signs address commending Charleston disruption, 143; statement in Senate, 143; elected President of Confederate States of America, 179; telegram to Governor Letcher, 197; proclamation offering letters of marque to privateers, 205; camp of instruction at Harper's Ferry, 209; proclamation of outlawry, 350; message on emancipation proclamation, 350, 351; appoints Hood to succeed Johnston, 407; visits Hood, and unites commands of Beauregard and Hood, 409; interview with Jaquess and Gilmore, 462; interviews with F.P. Blair, Sr., 479-481; gives Blair a letter to show Lincoln, 481; appoints peace commission, 482; instructions to peace commissioners, 482; reports Hampton Roads conference to rebel Congress, 485; speech at public meeting, 485, 486; Confederate Congress shows hostility to, 500, 501; reappoints J.E. Johnston to resist Sherman, 501; recommendations concerning slaves in rebel army, 501; sanctions Lee's letter to Grant, 503; conference with Lee, 504; flight from Richmond, 515; proclamation from Danville, 519, 520; retreat to Greensboro, North Carolina, 520; interview with Johnston and Beauregard, 520; continues southward, 520; dictates proposition of armistice presented by Johnston to Sherman, 521; requires report from Breckinridge about Johnston-Sherman agreement, 523; instructions to Johnston, 524; attempt to reach E. Kirby Smith, 525, 526; effort to gain Florida coast, 526; capture, imprisonment, and release of, 526 Davis, Mrs. Jefferson, captured with her husband, 526 Dawson, John, defeated for Illinois legislature, 1832, 34; elected in 1834, 43 Dayton, William L., United States senator minister to France, nominated for Vice-President, 104; vote for, in Chicago convention, 149 Delano, Columbus, member of Congress, Secretary of the Interior, in Baltimore convention, 447 Delaware, State of, secession feeling in, 201; rejects compensated abolishment, 322, 323 Democratic Party, party of slavery extension, 102; nominates Buchanan and Breckinridge in 1856, 104; disturbed by Buchanan's attitude on slavery, 116; pro-slavery demands of, 140, 141; national conventions of 1860, 142-144; candidates in 1860, 152, 153; opposition to emancipation measures and conscription law, 354, 355; adopts McClellan for presidential candidate, 355; interest in Vallandigham, 358; attitude on slavery, 437, 438, 472, 473; convention postponed, 463; national convention 1864, 466-468 Dennison, William, governor of Ohio, Postmaster-General, permanent chairman of Republican national convention 1864, 446; succeeds Blair as Postmaster-General, 489, 490 Dickinson, Daniel S., United States senator, candidate for vice-presidential nomination 1864, 448, 449 Doherty, E.P., lieutenant United States army, captures Booth and Herold, 543 Donelson, Andrew J., nominated for Vice-President, 102 Dorsey, Azel W., teacher of President Lincoln, 12 Douglas, Stephen A., member of Congress, United States senator, at Springfield, Illinois, 52; challenges young Whigs of Springfield to debate, 62; elected to United States Senate, 75; champions repeal of Missouri Compromise, 95; speech at Illinois State fair, 96; at Peoria, 96; agreement with Lincoln, 99; on Dred Scott case, 109, 110; denounces Lecompton Constitution, 116, 117; hostility of Buchanan administration toward, 117; Lincoln-Douglas joint debate, 121-125; speeches in the South, 128, 129; answer to Senator Brown, 129; references to Lincoln, 130; Ohio speeches, 133; "Harper's Magazine" essay, 134; fight over nomination of, for President 1860, 142-144; nominated for President, 143; speeches during campaign of 1860, 156; vote for, 160 Douglass, Frederick, conversation with Lincoln, 352 Draft, Congress passes national conscription law, 354; opposition of Governor Seymour to, 355-357; riots in New York, 356, 357; dissatisfaction in other places, 357; opposition of Vallandigham to, 358 Dred Scott case, decision of Supreme Court in, 108, 109; protest of North against, 109; Senator Douglas on, 109, 110 Dresser, Rev. Charles, marries Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd, 68, 69 Du-Pont, Samuel F., rear-admiral United States navy, commands fleet in Port Royal expedition, 245 Durant, Thomas J., mentioned in letter of Lincoln's, 334, 335 Early, Jubal A., Confederate lieutenant-general, threatens Washington, 403; inflicts damage on Blair's estate, 488 Eckert, Thomas T., brevet brigadier-general United States Volunteers, sent to meet peace commissioners at Hampton Roads, 482; refuses to allow peace commissioners to proceed, 483 Edwards, Cyrus, desires commissionership of General Land Office, 92 Edwards, Ninian W., one of "Long Nine," 63 Edwards, Mrs. Ninian W., sister of Mrs. Lincoln, 63 Ellsworth, E.E., colonel United States Volunteers, assassination of, 214 Emancipation, Lincoln-Stone protest, 47; Lincoln's bill for, in District of Columbia, 86, 87; Missouri Compromise, 94, 95; Frémont's proclamation of, 236-238; discussed in President's message of December 3 1861, 321, 322; Lincoln offers Delaware compensated abolishment, 322, 323; special message of March 6 1862, 323, 324; Congress passes bill for, in District of Columbia, 325, 326; bill to aid it in border slave States, 326; Hunter's order of, 327; measures in Congress relating to, 328, 329; Lincoln's second interview with delegations from border slave States, 329-331; Lincoln's conversation with Carpenter about, 331, 332; first draft of emancipation proclamation read to cabinet, 331, 332; President's interview with Chicago clergymen, 337-339; Lincoln issues preliminary emancipation proclamation, 339-341; annual message of December 1 1862, 341, 342; President issues final emancipation proclamation, 342-346; President's views on, 346, 347; arming of negro soldiers, 348, 350; Lincoln's letters to Banks about emancipation in Louisiana, 423-425; slavery abolished in Louisiana, 426; slavery abolished in Arkansas, 427; slavery abolished in Tennessee, 429; slavery abolished in Missouri, 432-434; Maryland refuses offer of compensated abolishment, 434; slavery abolished in Maryland, 435, 436; Republican national platform favors Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery, 446; Constitutional amendment prohibiting slavery in United States, 471-476; two Constitutional amendments affecting slavery offered during Lincoln's term, 475,476; Lincoln's draft of joint resolution offering the South $400,000,000, 493; Jefferson Davis recommends employment of negroes in army, with emancipation to follow, 501. See Slavery England, public opinion in, favorable to the South, 211; excitement in, over Trent affair, 246; joint expedition to Mexico, 451; "neutrality" of, 525 Ericsson, John, inventor of the Monitor, 279 Evarts, William M., Secretary of State, United States senator, nominates Seward for President, 149; moves to make Lincoln's nomination unanimous, 151 Everett, Edward, member of Congress, minister to England, Secretary of State, United States senator, candidate for Vice-President 1860, 153 Ewell, Richard S., Confederate lieutenant-general, in retreat to Appomattox, 511; statement about burning of Richmond, 516 Ewing, Thomas, Secretary of the Interior defended by Lincoln against political attack, 92 Fair Oaks, Virginia, battle of, 302 Farragut, David G., admiral United States navy, captures New Orleans and ascends the Mississippi, 282-287; ascends Mississippi a second time, 287; mentioned 328, 329, 381; operations against Port Hudson, 382; Mobile Bay, 468, 525 Farrand, Ebenezer, captain Confederate navy, surrender of, 525 Fessenden, William P., United States senator, Secretary of the Treasury, becomes Secretary of the Treasury, 458; agrees with President against making proffers of peace to Davis, 463; resigns from cabinet, 491, 492 Field, David Dudley, escorts Lincoln to platform at Cooper Institute, 138 Fillmore, Millard, thirteenth President of the United States, nominated by Know-Nothing party for President 1856, 102 Five Forks, Virginia, battle of, April 1 1865, 507-509 Floyd, John B., Secretary of War, Confederate brigadier-general, escapes from Fort Donelson, 268 Foote, Andrew H., rear-admiral United States navy, capture of Island No. 10, 274; proceeds to Fort Pillow, 274 Forrest, Nathan B., Confederate lieutenant-general, with Hood's army, 410; defeat of, 525 Fort Donelson, Tennessee, capture of, 266-268 Fort Fisher, North Carolina, capture of, 414, 481, 525 Fort Harrison, Virginia, capture of, 560 Fort Henry, Tennessee, capture of, 266 Fort Jackson, Louisiana, capture of, 282-285 Fort McAllister, Georgia, stormed by Sherman, 412 Fort Pillow, Tennessee, evacuation of, 286; massacre of negro troops at, 351 Fort Pulaski, Georgia, capture of, 278 Fort Randolph, Tennessee, evacuation of, 286 Fort Stedman, Virginia, assault of, 505, 506 Fort St. Philip, Louisiana, capture of, 282-285 Fort Sumter, South Carolina, occupied by Anderson, 177, 178; attempt to reinforce 178; cabinet consultations about, 182-184; defense and capture of, 189, 190 Fortress Monroe, Virginia, importance of, 209 Fox, Gustavus V., Assistant Secretary of the Navy, ordered to aid Sumter, 184; sends the President additional news about fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 296, 297 France, public opinion in, favorable to the South, 211; joint expedition to Mexico, 451; "neutrality" of, 525 Franklin, Benjamin, on American forests and the spirit of independence they fostered, 17 Franklin, Tennessee, battle of, November 30 1864, 410 Franklin, W.B., brevet major-general United States army, advises movement on Manassas, 289 Fredericksburg, Virginia, battle of, December 13 1862, 364 Frémont, John C., United States senator, major-general United States army, nominated for President 1856, 103; made major-general, 233; opportunities and limitations of, 233-235; criticism of, 235; quarrel with Blair family, 236, 487; proclamation freeing slaves, 236, 237, 432; refuses to revoke proclamation, 238; removed from command of Western Department, 241-243; commands Mountain Department, 299; ordered to form junction with McDowell and Shields, 306; in Army of Virginia, 310; nominated for President 1864, 442; withdraws from the contest, 442 Fusion, attempts at, in campaign of 1860, 157, 158 Gamble, Hamilton R., provisional governor of Missouri, calls State convention together, 433; death of, 434 Garnett, Robert S., Confederate brigadier-general, killed at Carrick's Ford, 225 Gentry, Allen, makes flatboat trip with Lincoln, 16 Gentry, James, enters land at Gentryville, 9; sends Lincoln to New Orleans, 16 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, battle of, July 1-3 1863, 372-375; address of Mr. Lincoln at, 376, 377 Giddings, Joshua R., member of Congress approves Lincoln's bill abolishing slavery in District of Columbia, 87; amendment to Chicago platform, 148, 149 Gillmore, Quincy A., brevet major-general United States army, siege of Fort Pulaski, 278 Gilmer, John A., member of Congress, tendered cabinet appointment, 164 Gilmore, J.R., visits Jefferson Davis with Jaquess, 462 Gist, William H., governor of South Carolina, inaugurates secession, 175 Goldsborough, L.M., rear-admiral United States navy, commands fleet in Roanoke Island expedition, 277, 278 Gordon, John B., Confederate lieutenant-general, United States senator, in assault of Fort Stedman, 504, 505; in defense of Petersburg, 509 Graham, Mentor, makes Lincoln election clerk, 23, 24; advises Lincoln to study grammar, 25; aids Lincoln to study surveying, 40 Grant, Ulysses S., eighteenth President of the United States, general, and general-in-chief United States army, early life, 264; letter offering services to War Department, 264, 265; commissioned by Governor Yates, 265; reconnaissance toward Columbus, 265; urges movement on Fort Henry, 265, 266; capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, 266-268; ordered forward to Savannah, 271; Pittsburg Landing, 272-274; asks to be relieved, 275; co-operates with adjutant-general of the army in arming negroes, 350; repulses rebels at Iuka and Corinth, 380; Vicksburg campaign, 380-383; ordered to Chattanooga, 389; battle of Chattanooga, 390, 391; pursuit of Bragg, 391, 392; speech on accepting commission of lieutenant-general, 394; visits Army of the Potomac and starts west, 394; placed in command of all the armies, 394; conference with Sherman, 395; plan of campaign, 395, 397; returns to Culpepper, 395; fear of presidential interference, 395, 396; letter to Lincoln, 396; strength and position of his army, 396, 397; instructions to Meade, 397; battle of the Wilderness, 398; Spottsylvania Court House, 398, 399; report to Washington, 399; Cold Harbor, 399; letter to Washington, 399, 400; siege of Petersburg, 400-402; sends Wright to Washington, 403; withholds consent to Sherman's plan, 410; gives his consent, 411; orders to Sherman, 413; adopts Sherman's plan, 414; attempt to nominate him for President 1864, 442, 443; depressing influence on political situation of his heavy fighting, 463; admits peace commissioners to his headquarters, 483; despatch to Stanton, 484; pushing forward, 502; telegraphs Lee's letter to Washington, 503; reply to Lee, 504; orders to General Parke, 505; issues orders for the final movement of the war, 506; number of men under his command in final struggle, 507; his plan, 507; battle of Five Forks, 507-509; orders Sheridan to get on Lee's line of retreat, 509, 510; sends Humphreys to Sheridan's assistance, 509; telegram to Lincoln, 509; pursuit of Lee, 510-513; sends Sheridan's despatch to Lincoln, 511; correspondence with Lee, 512, 513; receives Lee's surrender, 513-515; forbids salute in honor of Lee's surrender, 515; visit to Lee, 515; goes to Washington, 515; learns terms of agreement between Sherman and Johnson, 523; ordered to Sherman's headquarters, 523; gives Sherman opportunity to modify his report, 523, 524; at Lincoln's last cabinet meeting, 531; invited by Mrs. Lincoln to Ford's Theater, 536 Grant, Mrs. U.S., invited by Mrs. Lincoln to Ford's Theater, 536 Greeley, Horace, hears Lincoln's Cooper Institute speech, 138; "open letter" to Lincoln, 335; Niagara Falls conference, 458-461; effect of his mission on political situation, 464 Halleck, Henry Wager, major-general and general-in-chief United States army, succeeds Frémont, 260; reluctance to coöperate with Buell, 263, 264; answers to Lincoln, 263, 264; instructions to Grant, 264; orders Grant to take Fort Henry, 266; sends reinforcements to Grant, 267; asks for command in the West, 269; plans expedition under Pope, 270; message to Buell, 270; telegrams to McClellan, 270; appeal to McClellan, 271; commands Department of the Mississippi, 271; orders Pope to join him, 274; march on Corinth, 275; capture of Corinth, 275; sends Buell to East Tennessee, 275; ordered to reinforce McClellan, 307; general-in-chief, 309; visit to McClellan, 309; orders Army of Potomac back to Acquia Creek, 309; letter to McClellan, 309, 310; orders McClellan to support Pope, 311; telegram to McClellan, 317; mentioned, 328, 329; asks to be relieved, 365; quarrel with Hooker, 372; urges Meade to active pursuit of Lee, 375; plans for Western campaign, 379; urges Buell to move into East Tennessee, 380; orders Rosecrans to advance, 385, 386; at council to consider news of Chattanooga, 388; President's chief of staff, 394; conduct during Early's raid, 403; note to War Department about Blair, 488; orders to Meade, 523 Hamlin, Hannibal, United States senator, Vice-President, nominated for Vice-President, 151; Cameron moves his renomination, 447; candidate for vice-presidential nomination in 1864, 448, 449 Hanks, John, tells of Lincoln's frontier labors, 15; flatboat voyage with Lincoln, 22, 23; at Decatur convention, 154 Hanks, Joseph, teaches Thomas Lincoln carpenter's trade, 5 Hanks, Nancy. See Lincoln, Nancy Hanks Hardee, William J., lieutenant-colonel United States army, Confederate lieutenant-general, council with Johnston and Beauregard, 267; evacuates Savannah and Charleston, 415; joins Johnston, 416 Hardin, John J., member of Congress, colonel United States Volunteers, at Springfield, Illinois, 52; elected to Congress, 73; killed in Mexican War, 75 Harper's Ferry, Virginia, John Brown raid at, 134; burning of armory, 209; captured by Lee, September 15 1862, 315 Harris, Miss Clara W., attends Ford's Theater with Mrs. Lincoln, 536; assists Mrs. Lincoln, 539 Harrison, George M., Lincoln's messmate in Black Hawk War, 33 Hartford, the, Union cruiser, Farragut's flag-ship, 284, 285 Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina, capture of forts at, August 29 1861, 245 Hay, John, assistant private secretary to Lincoln, brevet colonel and assistant adjutant-general United States Volunteers, ambassador to England, Secretary of State, accompanies Mr. Lincoln to Washington, 168; shows Lincoln letter of inquiry about Vice-Presidency, 448; mission to Canada, 460; at Lincoln's death-bed, 540 Hazel, Caleb, teacher of President Lincoln, 6 Herndon, A.G., defeated for Illinois legislature, 1832, 34 Herndon, "Jim" and "Row," sell Lincoln and Berry their store, 35 Herndon, William H., Lincoln's law partner, 158; assumes Lincoln's law business during campaign, 158 Herold, David E., in conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, 534; chosen to assist Booth, 536; deposits arms in tavern at Surrattsville, 536; accompanies Booth in his flight, 542, 543; capture of, 543; execution of, 544 Hicks, Thomas H., governor of Maryland, United States senator, reply to Lincoln's call for volunteers, 193; speech at mass-meeting, 193; protest against landing of troops at Annapolis, 198; calls meeting of Maryland legislature, 198 Holcomb, James P., Confederate agent in Canada, correspondence with Horace Greeley, 459 Holt, Joseph, Postmaster-General, Secretary of War, judge-advocate general United States army, calls Scott to Washington, 172; report on Knights of the Golden Circle, 361; favored by Swett for Vice-President, 448; declines attorney-generalship, 491 Hood, John B., Confederate general, succeeds Johnston, 407; evacuates Atlanta, 407, 468; truce with Sherman, 408; placed under command of Beauregard, 409; moves to Tuscumbia, 410; Franklin and Nashville, 410; his movements delay reconstruction in Tennessee, 429 Hooker, Joseph, brevet major-general United States army, succeeds Burnside in command of Army of the Potomac, 366; submits plan of campaign to Lincoln, 368; battle of Chancellorsville, 369, 370; criticism of, 370; foresees Lee's northward campaign, 370; proposes quick march to capture Richmond, 371; follows Lee, 372; asks to be relieved, 372; ordered to reinforce Rosecrans, 388; reaches Chattanooga, 389; in battle of Chattanooga, 390-391 Hume, John F., moves that Lincoln's nomination be made unanimous, 447 Humphreys, Andrew A., brevet major-general United States army, in recapture of Fort Stedman, 505, 506; ordered to assist Sheridan, 509 Hunt, Randall, tendered cabinet appointment, 164 Hunter, David, brevet major-general, United States army, asked to assist Frémont, 235, 236; ordered to relieve Frémont, 243; order of emancipation, 327; experiment with negro soldiers, 348; declared an outlaw by Confederate War Department, 350 Hunter, R.M.T., United States senator, Confederate Secretary of State, appointed peace commissioner, 482; at Hampton Roads conference, 482-485 Iles, Elijah, captain Illinois Volunteers, commands company in Black Hawk War, 33 Illinois, State of, organized as Territory, 1809, 19; admitted as State, 1818, 19; legislative schemes of internal improvement, 44, 45; capital removed to Springfield, 45; political struggles over slavery, 45, 46; Lincoln-Douglas senatorial campaign in, 118-125; ratifies Thirteenth Amendment, 474, 475 Island No. 10, Tennessee, fortifications at, 269, 270; surrender of, 274 Jackson, Andrew, seventh President of the United States, gives impetus to system of party caucuses and conventions, 52 Jackson, Claiborne F., governor of Missouri, attempts to force Missouri secession, 202-204; flight to Springfield, Missouri, 234 Jackson, Thomas Jonathan ("Stonewall"), Confederate lieutenant-general, Shenandoah valley campaign, 305, 306; mentioned, 328; killed at Chancellorsville, 369 Jaquess, James F., D.D., colonel United States Volunteers, visits to the South, 461, 462; interview with Jefferson Davis, 462 Jewett, William Cornell, letter to Greeley, 458 Johnson, Andrew, seventeenth President of the United States, in thirty-seventh Congress, 217; telegram about East Tennessee, 259; retains seat in Senate, 419; appointed military governor of Tennessee, 420; begins work of reconstruction, 428; nominated for Vice-President, 448, 449; popular and electoral votes for, 470; disapproves Sherman's agreement with Johnston, 523; proclamation of amnesty, 526; plot to murder, 535; rejoicing of radicals on his accession to the Presidency, 545; takes oath of office, 545 Johnson, Herschel V., candidate for Vice-President 1860, 152 Johnston, Albert Sidney, Confederate general, council with Hardee and Beauregard, 267; killed at Pittsburg Landing, 273 Johnston, Joseph E., quartermaster-general United States army, Confederate general, member of Congress, joins Confederacy, 196, 208; understanding with Beauregard, 215, 216; joins Beauregard at Bull Run, 228; opinion of battle of Bull Run, 228; retrograde movement, 297; defeats McClellan at Fair Oaks, 302; succeeds Bragg, 395; strength of, in spring of 1864, 405; superseded by Hood, 407; again placed in command, 416, 501; interview with Davis, 520; begins negotiations with Sherman, 520; meetings with Sherman, 521, 522; agreement between them, 522; agreement disapproved at Washington, 523; surrender of, 524 Johnston, Sarah Bush, marries Thomas Lincoln, 10; improves the condition of his household, 10; tells of Lincoln's studious habits, 13 Jones, Thomas, assists Booth and Herold, 542, 543 Judd, Norman B., minister to Prussia, member of Congress, nominates Lincoln for President 1860, 149; member of Lincoln's suite, 173 Kansas, State of, slavery struggle in, 113-115; Lecompton Bill defeated in Congress, 117 Kearsarge, the, Union cruiser, battle with the Alabama, 525 Kelly, Benjamin F., brevet major-general United States Volunteers, dash upon Philippi, 225 Kentucky, State of, action concerning secession, 201, 204; legislature asks Anderson for help, 254; public opinion in, regarding slavery, 473 Kilpatrick, Judson, brevet major-general United States army, minister to Chili, with Sherman on march to the sea, 411 Kirkpatrick, defeated for Illinois legislature 1832, 34 Knights of Golden Circle, extensive organization of, 360, 361; plans and failures of, 360-362; projected revolution in Northwestern States, 466 Know-Nothing Party, principles of, 101, 102; nominates Millard Fillmore for President 1856, 102 Lamon, Ward H., accompanies Lincoln on night journey to Washington, 174 Lane, Joseph, brevet major-general United States army, governor, United States senator candidate for Vice-President in 1860, 153; attempt to arm negroes, 348 Leavitt, Humphrey H., member of Congress, judge United States Circuit Court, denies motion for habeas corpus for Vallandigham, 358 Lecompton Constitution, adopted in Kansas, 115; defeated in Congress, 117 Lee, Robert E., colonel United States army, Confederate general, captures John Brown, 134; enters service of Confederacy, 196, 197, 208; concentrates troops at Manassas Junction, 215; sends troops into West Virginia, 224; attacks McClellan near Richmond, 302; campaign into Maryland, 314; captures Harper's Ferry, 315; battle of Antietam, 315; retreats across the Potomac, 316; battle of Chancellorsville, 369; resolves on invasion of the North, 370; crosses the Potomac, 371, 372; battle of Gettysburg, 372-374; retreats across the Potomac, 375, 377; strength and position of his army, 397; battle of the Wilderness, 398; Spottsylvania Court House, 398, 399; Cold Harbor, 399; defense of Petersburg, 400-402; sends Early up the Shenandoah valley, 403; despatch about rations for his army, 481; made general-in-chief, 500; assumes command of all the Confederate armies, 502; attempt to negotiate with Grant, 502, 503; conference with Davis, 504; attempt to break through Grant's lines, 504-506; number of men under his command in final struggle, 507; takes command in person, 507; attacks Warren, 507; battle of Five Forks, 507-509; makes preparations to evacuate Petersburg and Richmond, 509; begins retreat, 510; surrender of Richmond, 510; reaches Amelia Court House, 510; starts toward Lynchburg, 511; reply to generals advising him to surrender, 512; correspondence with Grant, 512, 513; surrender of, 513-515; size of army surrendered by, 524 Letcher, John, member of Congress, governor of Virginia, orders seizure of government property, 194 Lincoln, Abraham, sixteenth President of the United States, born February 12, 1800, 3, 6; goes to A B C schools, 6; early schooling in Indiana, 10-13; home studies and youthful habits, 13-19; manages ferry-boat, 15; flatboat trip to New Orleans, 15, 16; employed in Gentryville store, 16; no hunter, 17; kills wild turkey, 17, 18; emigrates to Illinois, March 1, 1830, 20; leaves his father's cabin, 21; engaged by Denton Offutt, 21; builds flatboat and takes it to New Orleans, 22, 23; incident at Rutledge's Mill, 22; returns to New Salem, 23; election clerk, 23, 24; clerk in Offutt's store, 24; wrestles with Jack Armstrong, 25; candidate for legislature, 1832, 29; address "To the Voters of Sangamon County," 29, 30; volunteers for Black Hawk War, 32; elected captain of volunteer company, 32; mustered out and reënlists as private, 32, 33; finally mustered out, 33; returns to New Salem, 33; defeated for legislature, 33; enters into partnership with Berry, 35; sells out to the Trent brothers, 36; fails, but promises to pay his debts, 36; surveying instruments sold for debt, 36; "Honest old Abe," 37; appointed postmaster of New Salem, 37; made deputy surveyor, 39, 40; candidate for legislature, 1834, 41, 42; elected to legislature, 43; begins study of law, 44; admitted to practice, 44; removes to Springfield and forms law partnership with J.T. Stuart, 44; reëlected to legislature, 44; services in legislature, 44-48; manages removal of State capital to Springfield, 45; Lincoln-Stone protest, 47; vote for, for Speaker of Illinois House, 48; his methods in law practice, 49; notes for law lecture, 49-51; his growing influence, 52; guest of William Butler, 53; intimacy with Joshua F. Speed, 53; engaged to Anne Rutledge, 54; her death, 54; his grief, 55; courtship of Mary Owens, 55-60; member of "Long Nine," 61, 62; debate with Douglas and others, 1839, 62, 63; meets and becomes engaged to Mary Todd, 63; engagement broken, 64; his deep melancholy, 64; letter to Stuart, 64; visit to Kentucky, 64; letters to Speed, 64, 65; "Lost Townships" letters, 66; challenged by Shields, 66; prescribes terms of the duel, 67; duel prevented, 68; letter to Speed, 68; marriage to Mary Todd, November 4, 1842, 68, 69; children of, 69; partnership with Stuart dissolved, 69, 70; law partnership with S.T. Logan, 70; declines reëlection to legislature, 70; letter to Speed, 71; letter to Martin Morris, 71-73; letter to Speed, 73; presidential elector, 1844, 73; letters to B.F. James, 74; elected to Congress, 1846, 75; service and speeches in Congress, 76-90; votes for Wilmot Proviso, 79; presidential elector in 1840 and 1844, 80; favors General Taylor for President, 80-83; letters about Taylor's nomination, 80-82; letters to Herndon, 81-83; speeches for Taylor, 83; bill to prohibit slavery in District of Columbia, 86; letters recommending office-seekers, 87-89; letter to W.H. Herndon, 90, 91; letter to Speed, 91, 92; letter to Duff Green, 92; applies for commissionership of General Land Office, 92; defends Butterfield against political attack, 92; refuses governorship of Oregon, 93; indignation at repeal of Missouri Compromise, 94, 95; advocates reëlection of Richard Yates to Congress, 96; speech at Illinois State Fair, 96; debate with Douglas at Peoria, 96-99; agreement with Douglas, 99; candidate for United States Senate before Illinois legislature, 1855, 99; withdraws in favor of Trumbull, 100; letter to Robertson, 100, 101; speech at Bloomington convention 1856, 103; vote for, for Vice-President 1856, 104; presidential elector 1856, 105; speeches in campaign of 1856, 105; speech at Republican banquet in Chicago, 106, 107; speech on Dred Scott case, 110-112; nominated for senator, 118, 119; "House divided against itself" speech, 119, 120, 127, 128; Lincoln-Douglas joint debate, 121-125; defeated for United States Senate, 125; analysis of causes which led to his defeat, 126, 127; letters to H. Asbury and A.G. Henry, 127; letter to A.L. Pierce and others, 130, 131; speech in Chicago, 131, 132; letter to M.W. Delahay, 132; letter to Colfax, 132, 133; letter to S. Galloway, 133; Ohio speeches, 133, 134; criticism of John Brown raid, 134, 135; speeches in Kansas, 136, 137; Cooper Institute speech, 137-140; speeches in New England, 140; letter to T.J. Pickett, 145; candidate for presidential nomination 1860, 145; letters to N.B. Judd, 145, 146; nominated for President 1860, 149-151; speech at Decatur convention, 153, 154; daily routine during campaign, 158, 159; letters during campaign, 159; elected President, 160; his cabinet program, 161-163; letter to Seward offering cabinet appointment, 163; offers Bates and Cameron cabinet appointments, 163; summons Chase to Springfield, 163; withdraws offer to Cameron, 163; editorial in Springfield "Journal," 164; offers cabinet appointments to Gilmer, Hunt, and Scott, 164; letters to W.S. Speer and G.D. Prentiss, 164, 165; correspondence with Alexander H. Stephens, 165, 166; letter to Gilmer, 166; letter to Washburne, 166, 167; writes his inaugural, 167, 168; journey to Washington, 168-174; farewell address at Springfield, 169; speeches on journey to Washington, 169-171; consultation with Judd, 173; night journey to Washington, 173, 174; visits of ceremony, 179, 180; first inauguration of, 180-182; inaugural address, 180-182; calls council to consider question of Sumter, 182, 183; signs order for relief of Sumter, 184; answer to Seward's memorandum of April 1 1861, 187; instructions to Seward 1865, 187; notice to Governor Pickens, 188; issues call for 75,000 volunteers, 192; assumes responsibility for war measures, 195; opinion against dispersing Maryland legislature, 198, 199; authorizes Scott to suspend writ of habeas corpus, 199; action in Merryman case, 200; institutes blockade, 205; calls for three years' volunteers, 206; appoints Charles Francis Adams minister to England, 211; modifies Seward's despatch of May 21, 212; his immense duties, 212, 213; calls council of war, 215; message to Congress, July 4 1861, 218-220; postpones decision about slaves, 222, 223; receives news of defeat at Bull Run, 229; letter to Hunter, 235; letter to Frémont, 237, 238; letter to Browning, 238-240; sends Cameron to visit Frémont, 242; letter to General Curtis about Frémont, 242, 243; draft of despatch about Trent affair, 247, 248; welcomes McClellan to Washington, 250; orders retirement of General Scott, 253; memorandum to McClellan, 253; his grasp of military problems, 255, 256; memorandum after battle of Bull Run, 256; interest in East Tennessee, 256, 257; personally urges on Congress the construction of railroad in East Tennessee, 257, 258; letter to Buell, 258, 259; telegrams and letters to Buell and Halleck, 262-264, 268, 269; places Halleck in command of Department of the Mississippi, 271; calls councils of war, 288, 289; General War Order No. 1, 290; Special War Order No. 1, 291; letter to McClellan about plan of campaign, 291; interview with Stanton, 293, 294; interview with McClellan, 295; President's General War Orders No. 2 and No. 3, 295; receives news of fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 296; relieves McClellan from command of all troops except Army of the Potomac, 298; orders McDowell to protect Washington, 299; letter to McClellan, 299, 300; letter to McClellan, 303, 304; visit to General Scott, 306; assigns General Pope to command of Army of Virginia, 306; orders Burnside and Halleck to reinforce McClellan, 307; letter to governors of free States, 307, 308; accepts 300,000 new troops, 308; letters to McClellan, 308; visit to Harrison's Landing, 308; appoints Halleck general-in-chief, 309; his dispassionate calmness in considering McClellan's conduct, 311; asks McClellan to use his influence with Pope's officers, 313; places McClellan in command of defenses of Washington, 313; orders reinforcements to McClellan, 316; telegram to McClellan, 316; visit to Antietam, 316, 317; directions and letter to McClellan, 317-319; removes him from command, 319; letter to Bancroft, 321; reference to slavery in message to Congress, December 3 1861, 321, 322; offers Delaware compensated abolishment, 322, 323; special message of March 6 1862, proposing joint resolution favoring gradual abolishment, 323, 324; letter to McDougall, 324; interview with delegations from border slave States, 324, 325; signs bill for compensated emancipation in District of Columbia, 326; letter to Chase about Hunter's order of emancipation, 327; proclamation revoking Hunter's order, 327, 328; second interview with border State delegations in Congress, 329-331; conversation with Carpenter about emancipation, 331, 332; reads draft of first emancipation proclamation to cabinet, 331, 332; tells Seward and Welles of his purpose to issue emancipation proclamation, 332; letter to Reverdy Johnson, 334; letter to Cuthbert Bullitt, 334, 335; letter to Horace Greeley, 335-337; interview with Chicago clergymen, 337-339; issues preliminary emancipation proclamation, 339-341; annual message of December 1 1862, 341, 342; issues final emancipation proclamation, January 1 1863, 342-346; letter to A.G. Hodges, 346, 347; letters about arming negroes, 350; speech about Fort Pillow massacre, 351, 352; interview with Frederick Douglass, 352; letter to Governor Seymour, 356; action in case of Vallandigham, 358, 359; suspends privilege of writ of habeas corpus, 360; attitude toward Knights of the Golden Circle, 361; appoints Burnside to command Army of the Potomac, 363; telegram to Burnside, and letter to Halleck about Burnside, 365; letter to Burnside, 366; relieves Burnside and appoints Hooker to succeed him, 366; letter to Hooker, 366-368; criticism on Hooker's plan of campaign, 368; continued belief in Hooker, 370; instructions to Hooker, 370, 371; telegrams to Hooker, 371; appoints Meade to command Army of the Potomac, 372; urges Meade to active pursuit of Lee, 375; letter to Meade, 375, 376; Gettysburg address, 376, 377; letter to Grant, 384, 385; orders Rosecrans to advance, 385, 386; note to Halleck, 388; telegram to Rosecrans, 388; orders reinforcements to Rosecrans, 388; signs bill making Grant lieutenant-general, 393; address on presenting his commission, 393, 394; letter to Grant, 396; under fire, 403; letter to Sherman, 412, 413; appoints military governors for Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, and North Carolina, 419; his theory of "reconstruction," 419; message to Congress, July 4 1861, 419; letter to Cuthbert Bullitt, 420, 421; circular letter to military governors, 421, 422; letter to Governor Shepley, 422; letter to General Banks, 423; references to reconstruction in message to Congress, December 8 1863, 424; amnesty proclamation, December 8 1863, 424; letter to General Banks, 424, 425; letters to General Steele, 427, 428; letters to Johnson, 428, 429; letter to Drake and others, 430-432; revokes Frémont's proclamation freeing slaves, 432; letter to General Schofield, 433; directs Stanton to issue order regulating raising of colored troops, 434, 435; letter to H.W. Hoffman, 435, 436; Democrats and Frémont Republicans criticize his action on slavery, 437, 438; relations with his cabinet, 438, 439; attitude toward Chase, 439-441, 444; letter to Chase, 441; letter to F.A. Conkling and others, 443; sentiment in favor of his reëlection, 443, 444; letter to Washburne about second term, 444; letters to General Schurz, 444, 445; instructions to office-holders, 445; speeches during campaign, 445; renominated for President, 447, 448; refuses to intimate his preference for Vice-President, 448, 449; indorsement on Nicolay's letter, 448, 449; reply to committee of notification, 450; letter accepting nomination, 450, 451; his attitude toward the French in Mexico, 451, 452; opposition to, in Congress, 454; on Davis's reconstruction bill, 454-456; proclamation of July 8 1864, 456; accepts Chase's resignation, 457; nominates David Tod to succeed him, 457; substitutes name of W.P. Fessenden, 457, 458; correspondence with Greeley, 458-460; criticized because of Niagara conference, 460, 461; draft of letter to C.D. Robinson, 461; indorsement on Jaquess's application to go South, 462; answer to Raymond's proposition, 463; interview with John T. Mills, 464, 465; memorandum, August 23 1864, 466; speech on morning after election, 469, 470; popular and electoral votes for, 470; summing up of results of the election, 470; suggests key-note of Morgan's opening speech before Baltimore convention, 471; message to Congress, December 6 1864, 471, 472, 476-478; answer to serenade, 474, 475; opinion on ratification of Thirteenth Amendment, 475; two constitutional amendments offered to the people during his administration, 476; gives Blair permission to go South, 478; letter to Blair in reply to Jefferson Davis, 481; sends Major Eckert to meet peace commissioners, 482; instructions to Seward, 483; instructions to Grant, 483; goes to Fortress Monroe, 484; conference with peace commissioners, 484, 485; pressure upon him to dismiss Montgomery Blair, 487, 489; personal regard for the Blairs, 488; letter to Stanton, 488; lecture to cabinet, 489; requests resignation of Blair, 489; nominates Chase for chief justice, 490, 491; opinion of Chase, 490, 491; offers attorney-generalship to Holt and Speed, 491; offers cabinet appointment to Governor Morgan, 492; appoints Hugh McCulloch Secretary of the Treasury, 492; indorsements on Usher's resignation, 492; his plans for the future, 492, 493; submits to cabinet draft of joint resolution offering the South $400,000,000, 493; his second inauguration, 493-496; the second inaugural, 494-496; letter to Weed, 497; his literary rank, 497; last public address, 498; despatch to Grant, March 3 1865, 503, 504; at City Point, 506; telegraphs Grant, "Let the thing be pressed," 511; visit to Richmond, 517, 518; interviews with John A. Campbell, 519; gives permission for meeting of Virginia legislature, 519; regret of army for, 529; return to Washington, 530; last cabinet meeting, 531, 532; 14th of April, 532, 533, 536-540; danger from assassination, 533, 534; interest in the theater, 536; attends Ford's Theater, 536, 537; death of, 538-540; his death prevents organized rejoicing at downfall of rebellion, 544; mourning for, 544-548; feeling of radicals at death of, 545; funeral ceremonies of, in Washington, 545, 546; funeral journey to Springfield, Illinois, 546, 547; burial at Springfield, 547, 548; his character and career, 549-555; his place in history, 555 Lincoln, Abraham, grandfather of the President, emigrates from Virginia to Kentucky, 3, 4; killed by Indians, 4 Lincoln, Edward Baker, son of President Lincoln, birth of, 69; death of, 69 Lincoln, Isaac, settles on Holston River, 5 Lincoln, Josiah, uncle of the President, goes to fort for assistance against Indians, 4 Lincoln, Mary, aunt of the President, 4 Lincoln, Mary Todd, wife of the President, engagement to Lincoln, 63, 64; writes "Lost Townships" letters, 66; marriage to Lincoln, November 4, 1842, 68, 69; children of, 69; death of, 69; accompanies Mr. Lincoln to Washington, 168; drive with her husband, April 14 1865, 532; invites friends to attend Ford's Theater, 536; attends theater with her husband, 538; at Lincoln's death-bed, 539 Lincoln, Mordecai, uncle of the President defends homestead against Indians, 4; inherits his father's lands, 4 Lincoln, Nancy, aunt of the President, 4 Lincoln, Nancy Hanks, mother of the President, marries Thomas Lincoln, June 12, 1806, 5; teaches her husband to sign his name, 5; birth of daughter, 5; birth of Abraham, son of, 6; death of, 9 Lincoln, Robert Todd, son of the President, Secretary of War, minister to England, birth of, 69; public services, 69; accompanies Mr. Lincoln to Washington, 168; on Grant's staff, 517; with his father April 14 1865, 532; at Lincoln's death-bed, 540 Lincoln, Samuel, ancestor of the President, emigrates to America, 3 Lincoln, Sarah, sister of the President, born, 5; goes to school, 6 Lincoln, Sarah Bush Johnston. See Johnston, Sarah Bush Lincoln, Thomas, father of the President, 3; narrowly escapes capture by Indians, 4; learns carpenter's trade, 5; marries Nancy Hanks, June 12, 1806, 5; daughter of, born, 5; removes to Rock Spring Farm, 5, 6; Abraham, son of, born, 6; buys farm on Knob Creek, 6; emigrates to Indiana, 7, 8; death of his wife, 9; marries Sally Bush Johnston, 10; emigrates to Illinois, 20 Lincoln, Thomas, son of President Lincoln, birth of, 69; death of, 69; accompanies Mr. Lincoln to Washington, 168 Lincoln, William Wallace, son of President Lincoln, birth of, 69; death of, 69, 293; accompanies Mr. Lincoln to Washington, 168 Lloyd, John M., keeps tavern at Surrattsville, Maryland, 536 Logan, Stephen T., at Springfield, Illinois, 52; law partnership with Lincoln, 70; defeated for Congress, 91 "Long Nine," a power in Illinois legislature, 61 Longstreet, James, Confederate lieutenant-general, besieges Burnside at Knoxville, 391; retreats toward Virginia, 391; reports conversation with Ord, 503; in final defense of Richmond, 509 Louisiana, State of, military governor appointed for, 419; election for members of Congress, 422; contest over slavery clause in new constitution, 422, 423; election of State officers in, 425, 426; adopts new constitution abolishing slavery, 426; slavery in, throttled by public opinion, 473; ratifies Thirteenth Amendment, 475 Lovejoy, Elijah P., murder of, 46 Lovell, Mansfield, Confederate major-general, evacuates New Orleans, 285; sends men and guns to Vicksburg, 286 Lyon, Nathaniel, brigadier-general United States Volunteers, service in Missouri, 202-204; killed at Wilson's Creek, 234, 235 Lyons, Richard Bickerton Pemell, baron, afterward earl, British minister at Washington, instructed to demand apology for Trent affair, 246 McClellan, George B., major-general, general-in-chief, United States army, orders concerning slaves, 221; commissioned by Governor Dennison, 224; his previous career, 224; quick promotion of, 224; successes in western Virginia, 224, 225; ordered to Washington, 229; his ambition, 249-251; organizes Army of the Potomac, 250, 251; his hallucinations, 251, 252; quarrel with General Scott, 251, 252; expresses contempt for the President, 252; answer to President's inquiry, 253; illness of, 253; instructions to Buell, 258-260; unwilling to promote Halleck, 270; attends council of war, 289; explains plan of campaign to Stanton, 290; letter to Stanton, 292; revokes Hooker's authority to cross lower Potomac, 294; council of his officers votes in favor of water route, 295; at gathering of officials to discuss news of fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 296; occupies abandoned rebel position, 297; calls council of corps commanders, 298; relieved from command of all troops save Army of the Potomac, 298; arrives at Fortress Monroe, 299; siege of Yorktown, 301; his incapacity and hallucination, 302-304; retreat to James River, 302; letter to Stanton, 303; protests against withdrawal of Army of the Potomac, 309; reaches Alexandria, 311; suggests leaving Pope to his fate, 311; telegram to Pope's officers, 313; in command of defenses of Washington, 313; follows Lee into Maryland, 314; learns Lee's plans, 315; battle of Antietam, 315; forces under his command, 317, 318; removed from command, 319; mentioned, 328, 329; adopted by Democrats for presidential candidate, 355, 438; nominated for President, 467; letter of acceptance, 468; electoral votes for, 470; resigns from the army, 470 McClernand, John A., member of Congress, major-general United States Volunteers at Springfield, Illinois, 52 McCulloch, Ben, Confederate brigadier-general, defeat at Pea Ridge, 271 McCulloch, Hugh, Secretary of the Treasury, enters Lincoln's cabinet, 492 McDougall, James A., member of Congress, United States senator, at Springfield, Illinois, 52 McDowell, Irvin, brevet major-general United States army, fears junction of Johnston and Beauregard, 216; advances against Beauregard, 226; battle of Bull Run, July 21 1861, 226-229; advises movement on Manassas, 289; ordered by Lincoln to protect Washington, 299, 305; ordered to form junction with Shields and Frémont, 306; in Army of Virginia, 310 McLean, John, justice United States Supreme Court, vote for, in Chicago convention, 149 McNamar, John, engaged to Anne Rutledge, 54 Magoffin, Beriah, governor of Kentucky, efforts in behalf of secession, 201 Magruder, John B., brevet lieutenant-colonel United States army, Confederate major-general, joins the Confederacy, 196; opposes McClellan with inferior numbers, 301 Maine, State of, admitted as State, 1820, 19 Mallory, S.R., United States senator, Confederate Secretary of the Navy, writes proposition of armistice dictated by Davis and signed by Johnston, 521 Malvern Hill, Virginia, battle of, July 1 1862, 302 Marcy, R.B., brevet major-general United States army, McClellan's chief of staff, 294 Marshall, Charles, Confederate colonel, present at Lee's surrender, 513 Maryland, State of, secession feeling in, 193; arrest and dispersion of its legislature, 199; refuses offer of compensated abolishment, 434; emancipation party in, 434; abolishes slavery, 435, 436; slavery in, throttled by public opinion, 473; ratifies Thirteenth Amendment, 474 Mason, James M., United States senator, Confederate commissioner to Europe, interview with John Brown, 134; goes to Baltimore, 197; capture of, 246-249 Matthews, J., burns Booth's letter, 537 Maximilian (Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph), Archduke of Austria and Emperor of Mexico, established by Napoleon III in Mexico, 451 Maynard, Horace, member of Congress, minister to Turkey, telegram about East Tennessee, 259; elected to Congress, 419 Meade, George G., major-general United States army, succeeds Hooker in command of Army of the Potomac, 372; battle of Gettysburg, 372-374; pursuit of Lee, 375, 377; offers to give up command of Army of the Potomac, 394; continued in command, 395; reports surrender of Richmond, 510; ordered to pursue Lee, 510; pursuit of Lee, 511; ordered to disregard Sherman's truce, 523 Meigs, Montgomery C., brevet major-general and quartermaster-general United States army, at gathering of officials to discuss news of battle between Monitor and Merrimac, 296 Memphis, Tennessee, river battle at, 286 Merrimac, the, Confederate ironclad, battle with Monitor, 278-282 Merryman, John, arrest of, 199 Minnesota, the, Union steam frigate, in fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 280 Missouri, State of, admitted as State, 1821, 19; action concerning secession, 201-204; provisional State government established, 418; struggle over slavery, 430-434; adopts ordinance of emancipation, 434; resolution in Assembly favoring Lincoln's renomination, 444; votes for Grant in Baltimore convention, 447; slavery in, throttled by public opinion, 473 Missouri Compromise, repeal of, 94, 95 Mobile Bay, Alabama, battle of, August 5 1864, 468, 525 Monitor, the, Union ironclad, battle with Merrimac, 279-282 Montgomery, Alabama, capital of Confederacy removed from, to Richmond, 207 Moore, Thomas O., governor of Louisiana, arms free colored men, 348, 349 Morgan, Edwin D., governor of New York, United States senator, opens Republican national convention 1864, 446; declines cabinet appointment, 492 Morris, Achilles, elected to Illinois legislature in 1832, 34 Morrison, James L.D., desires commissionership of General Land Office, 92 Mudd, Samuel, assists Booth and Herold, 542; imprisoned, 544 Mulligan, James A., brevet brigadier-general United States Volunteers, captured by Price, 241 Murfreesboro, Tennessee, battle of, December 31 1862, to January 3 1863, 380 Napoleon III, colonial ambitions of, 211; establishes Maximilian in Mexico, 451 Nashville, Tennessee, battle of, December 15, 16 1864, 410 Neale, T.M., commands troops in Black Hawk War, 31, 32; defeated for Illinois legislature, 1832, 34 Negro soldiers, experiments with, early in the war, 348; governor of Louisiana arms free blacks, 348, 349; reference to, in emancipation proclamation, 349, 350; Lincoln's interest in, 350; attitude of Confederates toward, 350, 351; massacre of, at Fort Pillow, 351; President's conversation with Frederick Douglass about retaliation, 352; Stanton's order regulating raising of, 435; Republican national platform claims protection of laws of war for, 446; take part in second inauguration of Lincoln, 493, 494; Jefferson Davis's recommendation concerning slaves in rebel army, 501; assist in restoring order in Richmond, 517; in Lincoln's funeral procession, 546. See Slavery and Emancipation Nelson, William, lieutenant-commander United States navy, major-general United States Volunteers, occupies Nashville, 270 New Orleans, Louisiana, capture of, 283-285; Confederate negro regiment in, 348, 349; Union sentiment in, 420 New Salem, Illinois, town of, 22-26 New York City, draft riots in, 356, 357; funeral honors to Lincoln in, 546, 547 Nicolay, John G., Lincoln's private secretary, 158; accompanies Mr. Lincoln to Washington, 168; in attendance at Baltimore convention, 448, 449; letter to Hay, 448 North Carolina, State of, joins Confederacy, 200, 204; military governor appointed for, 419 Offutt, Denton, engages Lincoln to take flatboat to New Orleans, 21; disappears from New Salem, 35 O'Laughlin, Michael, in conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, 534; imprisoned, 544 Ord, Edward O.C., brevet major-general United States army, conversation with Longstreet, 503 Owens, Mary S., Lincoln's attentions to, correspondence with and proposal of marriage to, 55-60 Palfrey, F.W., Confederate brigadier-general, statement about strength of Army of the Potomac, 315 Parke, John G., brevet major-general United States army, in recapture of Fort Stedman, 505, 506; in assault at Petersburg 509 Patterson, Robert, major-general Pennsylvania militia, turns troops toward Harper's Ferry, 209; part in campaign against Manassas, 216; orders concerning slaves, 220, 221; failure at Harper's Ferry, 228 Paulding, Hiram, rear-admiral United States navy, burns Norfolk navy-yard, 278 Pea Ridge, Arkansas, battle of, 271 Pemberton, John C., Confederate lieutenant-general, surrenders Vicksburg, 383 Pendleton, George H., member of Congress minister to Prussia, nominated for Vice-President, 467 Pendleton, William N., Confederate brigadier-general, advises Lee to surrender 512 Perryville, Kentucky, battle of, October 8 1862, 379 Peter, Z., defeated for Illinois legislature, 1832, 34 Petersburg, Virginia, operations against, 400-402, 507-510; evacuation of, April 2 1865, 510 Phelps, John S., member of Congress, appointed military governor of Arkansas, 420 Phelps, J.W., brigadier-general United States Volunteers, mentioned in letter of Lincoln, 334; declared an outlaw by Confederate War Department, 350 Philippi, West Virginia, battle of, June 3 1861, 214, 225 Phillips, Wendell, letter to Cleveland convention, 442 Pickens, Francis W., member of Congress, minister to Russia, governor of South Carolina, fires on Star of the West, 178 Pickett, George E., Confederate major-general, in battle of Five Forks, 507, 508 Pierce, Franklin, fourteenth President of the United States, recognizes bogus laws in Kansas, 113; appoints governors for Kansas, 113, 114 Pillow, Gideon J., Confederate major-general, stationed at Columbus, 254; escapes from Fort Donelson, 268 Pinkerton, Allen, detective work of, 173 Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, battle of, April 6, 7 1862, 272-274 Polk, James K., eleventh President of the United States, sends treaty of peace with Mexico to Senate, 79 Pomeroy, Samuel C., United States senator, secret circular of, 440 Pope, John, brevet major-general United States army, sent to New Madrid, 270; capture of Island No. 10, 274; proceeds to Fort Pillow, 274; joins Halleck, 274; assigned to command Army of Virginia, 306; assumes command of Army of Virginia 310; second battle of Bull Run, 310, 311; despatch announcing his defeat, 312; relieved from command of Army of the Potomac, 314 Porter, David D., admiral United States navy, commands mortar flotilla in expedition with Farragut, 282-287; in second expedition to Vicksburg, 287; in operations about Vicksburg, 382, 383; visits Richmond with Lincoln, 517, 518 Porterfield, G.A., Confederate colonel, routed at Philippi, 225 Port Hudson, Louisiana, siege and surrender of, 383, 384 Port Royal, South Carolina, expedition against, 245, 246 Powell, Lewis, alias Lewis Payne, in conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, 534; assigned to murder Seward, 535; attack upon Seward, 540, 541; escape and capture of, 541, 542; execution of, 544 Price, Sterling, Confederate major-general retreat to Springfield, Missouri, 234; captures Mulligan, 241; retreats toward Arkansas, 269; defeat at Pea Ridge, 271 Pritchard, Benjamin D., brevet brigadier-general United States Volunteers, captures Jefferson Davis, 526 Quinton, R., defeated for Illinois legislature 1832, 34 Rathbone, Henry R., brevet colonel United States army, attends Ford's Theater with Mrs. Lincoln and Miss Harris, 536; wounded by Booth, 538, 539 Raymond, Henry J., member of Congress letter to Lincoln, 462, 463; visits Washington, 463 Reconstruction, in West Virginia and Missouri, 418, 419; Lincoln's theory of, 419; in Louisiana, 420-426; in Arkansas, 426, 427; in Tennessee, 428, 429; opposition in Congress to Lincoln's action concerning, 454; Henry Winter Davis's bill prescribing method of, 454; Lincoln's proclamation of, July 8 1864, 456; Wade-Davis manifesto, 456, 457 Republican Party, formation of, 102, 103; nominates Frémont and Dayton 1856, 103, 104; national convention of 1860, 144-151; candidates in 1860, 152; campaign of 1860, 153-160; Frémont faction denounces Lincoln's attitude on slavery, 438; the Chase faction, 439-441; national convention of 1864, 446-449; gloomy prospects of, 462-466: success in elections of 1864, 469, 470 Retaliation, rebel threats of, 350, 351; cabinet action on Fort Pillow massacre, 352; conversation between Lincoln and Frederick Douglass about, 352 Reynolds, John, governor of Illinois, issues call for volunteers for Black Hawk War, 31, 32 Richmond, Virginia, becomes capital of Confederate States, 207; panic in, at rumors of evacuation, 481; high prices in, 481; excitement created by Blair's visits, 481, 482; alarm at Grant's advance, 500; surrender of, April 3 1865, 510; burning of, 515, 516 Rich Mountain, Virginia, battle of, July 11 1861, 225 Riney, Zachariah, teacher of President Lincoln, 6 Roanoke, the, Union steam frigate, in fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 280 Robinson, E., defeated for Illinois legislature, 1832, 34 Rodgers, John, rear-admiral United States navy, takes part in Port Royal expedition, 245, 246 Romine, Gideon, merchant at Gentryville, 9 Rosecrans, William S., brevet major-general United States army, success at Rich Mountain, 225; succeeds Buell in Kentucky, 380; battle of Murfreesboro, 380; Iuka and Corinth, 380; drives Bragg to Chattanooga, 385; Chattanooga and Chickamauga, 386-388; relieved from command, 388, 389; dilatory movements delay reconstruction in Tennessee, 428 Russell, Lord John, British minister for foreign affairs, interview with Charles Francis Adams, 211 Rutledge, Anne, engagement to Lincoln, 54; death of, 54 Savannah, Georgia, occupied by Sherman, December 21 1864, 412 Schofield, J.M., brevet major-general, general-in-chief, United States army, ordered to join Sherman, 414; joins Sherman 417 Schurz, Carl, major-general United States Volunteers, United States senator, Secretary of the Interior, asks permission to take part in presidential campaign, 444 Scott Dred, case of, 108, 109 Scott, Robert E., tendered cabinet appointment 164 Scott, Winfield, lieutenant-general United States army, warning to Lincoln about plot in Baltimore, 172; charged with safety of Washington, 172; attempt to reinforce Anderson, 178; advises evacuation of Sumter, 183; orders Washington prepared for a siege, 194; report to President Lincoln, 194, 195; offers Lee command of seventy-five regiments, 196; orders Lyon to St. Louis, 202; loyalty of, 208; occupies Cairo, Illinois, 210; military problem before, 210; plan of campaign 215, 216, 231, 232; refuses to credit news of defeat at Bull Run, 228, 229; welcomes McClellan to Washington, 250; quarrel with McClellan, 251, 252; retirement of, 251-253; rank as lieutenant-general, 393; attends Lincoln's funeral in New York, 547 Seaton, William W., mayor of Washington approves Lincoln's bill abolishing slavery in District of Columbia, 87 Secession, South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas join the movement, 175, 176; action of central cabal, 177; sentiment in Maryland, 193, 194; Virginia passes ordinance of, 194; Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas join the movement, 200; sentiment in Delaware, 201; in Kentucky, 201; in Missouri, 201-204; numerical strength of, 204. See Confederate States of America Seddon, James A., member of Congress, Confederate Secretary of War, resignation of, 501 Sedgwick, John, major-general United States Volunteers, crosses Rappahannock and takes Fredericksburg, 368, 369 Seven Days' Battles, 302, 306, 307 Seward, Augustus H., brevet colonel United States army, stabbed by Powell, alias Payne, 541 Seward, Frederick W., Assistant Secretary of State, visits Lincoln in Philadelphia, 172; wounded by Powell, alias, Payne, 540, 541 Seward, William H., United States senator, Secretary of State, desires reëlection of Douglas to United States Senate, 125; candidate for presidential nomination 1860, 144; votes for, in Chicago convention, 149-151; accepts cabinet appointment, 163; transmits offers of cabinet appointments, 164; suggestions to Lincoln about journey to Washington, 168; warning to Lincoln about plot in Baltimore, 172, 173; meets Lincoln at railway station in Washington, 174; appointed Secretary of State, 182; reply to Confederate commissioners, 183; reply to Judge Campbell, 183; memorandum of April 1 1861, 184-187; opinion of Lincoln, 187; despatch of May 21, 211; friendship for Lord Lyons, 247; despatch in Trent affair, 249; at gathering of officials to discuss news of Monitor and Merrimac, 296; goes to New York with President's letter, 307; Lincoln tells him of coming emancipation proclamation, 332; suggests postponement of emancipation proclamation, 332; attitude toward the French in Mexico, 451, 452; agrees with President against making proffers of peace to Davis, 463; proclaims ratification of Thirteenth Amendment, 475; goes to Hampton Roads, 483; relations with Montgomery Blair, 488; plot to murder, 535; attacked by Powell, alias Payne, 540, 541 Seymour, Horatio, governor of New York, opposition to the draft, 355-357; correspondence with Lincoln, 356; notifies McClellan of his nomination, 468 Shepley, G.F., brigadier-general United States Volunteers, military governor of Louisiana, orders election for members of Congress, 422; orders registration of loyal voters, 422, 423 Sheridan, Philip H., lieutenant-general, general-in-chief, United States army, operations in Shenandoah valley, 403, 404; succeeds McClellan, 470; in Shenandoah valley, 502; reaches City Point, 506; advance to Five Forks, 507; reports situation to Grant, 507; battle of Five Forks, 508; ordered to get on Lee's line of retreat, 509, 510; despatch to Grant, 511; captures Appomattox Station, 512; despatch to Grant, 512 Sherman, John, member of Congress, Secretary of the Treasury, United States senator, candidate for Speaker of the House of Representatives, 141 Sherman, William Tecumseh, lieutenant-general, general-in-chief United States army, sent to Nashville, 254; succeeds Anderson, 254; interview with Cameron, 255; asks to be relieved, 255; in operations about Vicksburg, 381, 382; reaches Chattanooga, 389; in battle of Chattanooga, 390, 391; conference with Grant, 395; master in the West, 395; Meridian campaign, 405, 406; concentrates troops at Chattanooga, 406; march on Atlanta, 408, 468; truce with Hood, 408; divides his army, 409; march to the sea, 410-412; telegram to President Lincoln, 412; proposes to march through the Carolinas, 414; from Savannah to Goldsboro, 414-417; visit to Grant, 417; march northward, 502; visit to Lincoln and Grant, 506; admiration for Grant and respect for Lee, 520; enters Raleigh, 521; receives communication from Johnston, 521; meetings with Johnston, 521, 522; agreement between them, 522; agreement disapproved at Washington, 523; report to Grant, 523, 524; receives Johnston's surrender, 524; effect of his march through the South, 524; sent against E. Kirby Smith, 526; soldiers of, in grand review, 528 Shields, James, United States senator, brigadier-general United States Volunteers, at Springfield, Illinois, 52; auditor of Illinois, 65; challenges Lincoln to a duel, 66-68; ordered to form junction with McDowell and Frémont, 306 Short, James, buys Lincoln's surveying instruments and restores them to him, 36 Simpson, M., Bishop of the Methodist Church, oration at Lincoln's funeral, 548 Slavery, agitation in Illinois, 45, 46; Lincoln-Stone protest, 47; Lincoln's bill to abolish, in District of Columbia, 85-87; repeal of Missouri Compromise, 94, 95; Peoria debate of Lincoln and Douglas, 96-98; Lincoln's Chicago banquet speech, 106, 107; Dred Scott case, 108-112; pro-slavery reaction, 113; slavery agitation in Kansas, 113-117; Lincoln's "House divided against itself" speech, 119, 120, 127, 128; Lincoln-Douglas joint debate, 121-125; John Brown raid, 134, 135; Lincoln's speeches in Kansas and the East, 136-140; pro-slavery demands of Democratic leaders, 141, 142; attitude of political parties upon, in 1860, 152, 153; "corner-stone" theory of the Confederate States, 179; dream of the conspirators, 197, 204; dread of slave insurrections in the South, 220, 221; action of Union commanders about, 220-223; Frémont's proclamation, 236-238; Lincoln to Browning about Frémont's proclamation, 238-240; President's interview with border State delegations, 257, 258, 324, 325; references to, in Cameron's report, 320; in Lincoln's message of December 3 1861, 321, 322; Delaware offered compensated abolishment, 322, 323; Lincoln's special message to Congress, March 6 1862, 323, 324; President's letter to McDougall, 324; Congress passes bill for compensated emancipation in District of Columbia, 325, 326; bill in Congress to aid emancipation in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, 326; Lincoln revokes Hunter's order, 327, 328; measures relating to, in Congress 1862, 329; President's second interview with border State delegations, 329-331; Lincoln reads first draft of emancipation proclamation to cabinet, 331, 332; President's interview with Chicago clergymen, 337-339; President issues preliminary emancipation proclamation, 339-341; annual message of December 1 1862, on, 341, 342; President issues final emancipation proclamation, 342-346; President's views on, 346, 347; arming of negro soldiers, 348-350; instructions from War Department about slaves, 349; contest over slavery clause in new Louisiana constitution, 423; slavery abolished in Louisiana, 426; abolished in Arkansas, 427; abolished in Tennessee, 429; abolished in Missouri, 434; abolished in Maryland, 435, 436; attitude of Democratic party on, 437, 438; Republican national platform favors constitutional amendment abolishing, 446; fugitive-slave law repealed, 457; constitutional amendment prohibiting, in United States, 471-476; public opinion on, in certain States, 473; two constitutional amendments offered during Lincoln's term, 475, 476; Lincoln's draft of joint resolution offering South $400,000,000, 493; decline in value of slave property in the South, 501; effect on Lincoln's character, 551. See Emancipation and Negro soldiers Slidell, John, minister to Mexico, United States senator, Confederate commissioner to Europe, capture of, 246-249; last instructions from Confederate Secretary of State to, 501, 502 Smith, Caleb B., member of Congress, Secretary of the Interior, judge United States District Court, appointed Secretary of the Interior, 182; signs cabinet protest, 311, 312 Smith, E. Kirby, Confederate general, commands forces west of the Mississippi, 525; surrender of, 526, 527 Smith, Melancton, rear-admiral United States navy, at gathering of officials to discuss fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 296 Smith, William F., brevet major-general United States army, service at Chattanooga 389 Spain, joint expedition to Mexico, 451 Spangler, Edward, imprisoned for complicity in Booth's plot, 544 Speed, James, Attorney-General, appointed Attorney-General, 491 Speed, Joshua F., intimacy with Lincoln, 53; Lincoln's letters to, 64, 65, 68; marriage, 65 Spottsylvania, Virginia, battle of, May 8-19 1864, 398, 399 Springfield, Illinois, its ambition, 26; first newspaper, 26; becomes capital of Illinois, 45, 52; in 1837-39, 53; revival of business in, 61; society in, 62; Lincoln's speech of farewell at, 169; funeral honors to Lincoln in, 547, 548 Stanley, Edward, member of Congress, appointed military governor of North Carolina, 420 Stanton, Edwin M., Attorney-General, Secretary of War, succeeds Cameron as Secretary of War, 289; his efficiency, 289, 290; interview with the President, 293, 294; at gathering of officials to discuss news of Monitor and Merrimac, 296; conveys President's reply to McClellan's plan of campaign, 298; indignation at McClellan, 311; draws up and signs memorandum of protest against continuing McClellan in command, 311; instruction about slaves, 349; faith in Hooker, 370; anxiety for Lincoln during Early's raid, 403; order regulating raising of colored troops, 435; orders suppression of two New York newspapers and arrest of their editors, 453, 454; agrees with President against making proffers of peace to Davis, 463; sends Halleck's letter to President, 488; shows Lincoln Grant's despatch transmitting Lee's overtures, 503; disapproves Sherman's agreement with Johnston, 523; at Lincoln's death-bed, 540 Star of the West, merchant vessel, unsuccessful attempt to reinforce Fort Sumter, 178 Steele, Frederick, brevet major-general United States army, marches from Helena to Little Rock, Arkansas, 427; assists reconstruction in Arkansas, 427 Stephens, Alexander H.; member of Congress, Confederate Vice-President, correspondence with Lincoln, 165, 166; elected Vice-President Confederate States of America, 179; "corner-stone" theory, 179; signs military league, 197; appointed peace commissioner, 482; at Hampton Roads conference, 482-485 Stevens, Thaddeus, member of Congress, criticism of joint resolution offering compensated emancipation, 325 St. Lawrence, the, in fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 280 Stone, Charles P., brigadier-general United States Volunteers, report about danger to Lincoln in Baltimore, 172, 173 Stone, Dan, member of Illinois legislature, protest with Lincoln against resolutions on slavery, 47 Stone, Dr. Robert K., at Lincoln's death-bed, 539, 540 Stringham, Silas H., rear-admiral United States navy, commands Hatteras expedition, 245 Stuart, John T., major Illinois Volunteers, member of Congress, reënlists as private in Black Hawk War, 33; elected to Illinois legislature in 1832, 34; reëlected in 1834, 43; encourages Lincoln to study law, 44; at Springfield, Illinois, 52; elected to Congress, 69, 70 Surratt, John H., in conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, 534; deposits arms in tavern at Surrattsville, 536; escape to Canada, subsequent capture and trial, 544 Surratt, Mrs. Mary E., in conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, 534; visits tavern at Surrattsville, 536; fate of, 541, 542, 544 Swaney, teacher of President Lincoln, 12 Swett, Leonard, favors Holt for Vice-President, 448 Taney, Roger B., chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, opinion in Dred Scott case, 109; action in Merryman case, 199, 200; death of, 490 Taylor, E.D., elected to Illinois legislature in 1832, 34 Taylor, Richard, Confederate lieutenant-general, surrenders to Canby, 525, 527 Taylor, Zachary, twelfth President of the United States, nominated for President, 80, 81; elected President, 87 Tennessee, the, Confederate ram, in battle of Mobile Bay, 525 Tennessee, State of, joins Confederacy, 200, 204; military governor appointed for, 419; secession usurpation in, 420; delay of reconstruction in, 428; organization of State government and abolishment of slavery, 429; public opinion in, regarding slavery, 473; ratifies Thirteenth Amendment, 475 Terry, Alfred H., brevet major-general United States army, communicates with Sherman, 416 Texas, State of, ratifies Thirteenth Amendment, 475 Thatcher, Henry K., rear-admiral United States navy, receives surrender of Farrand, 525 Thirteenth Amendment, joint resolution proposing, 471-475; ratification of, 475 Thomas, George H., major-general United States army, ordered to oppose Zollicoffer, 254; victory over Zollicoffer, 265; at battle of Chickamauga, 387; succeeds Rosecrans at Chattanooga, 389; in battle of Chattanooga, 390, 391; sent by Sherman to defend Tennessee, 409; Franklin and Nashville, 410; threatens Confederate communications from Tennessee, 502 Thompson, Jacob, member of Congress, Secretary of the Interior, agent of Confederate government in Canada, 361; his visionary plans, 361, 362; account at Montreal Bank, 544 Thompson, Samuel, colonel Illinois Volunteers, commands regiment in Black Hawk War, 32 Tod, David, minister to Brazil, governor of Ohio, declines nomination for Secretary of the Treasury, 457 Todd, Mary, see Lincoln, Mary Todd Totten, Joseph G., brevet major-general United States army, at gathering of officials to discuss news of fight of Monitor and Merrimac, 296 Treat, Samuel H., United States district judge, at Springfield, Illinois, 52 Trent Brothers, buy store of Lincoln and Berry, 36 Trent, the, British mail-steamer, overhauled by the San Jacinto, 246 Trumbull, Lyman, member of Congress, United States senator, at Springfield, Illinois, 52; elected to United States Senate, 1855, 100 Turnham, David, lends Lincoln "Revised Statutes of Indiana," 14 Usher, John P., Secretary of the Treasury, resigns from cabinet, 492 Vallandigham, Clement L., member of Congress, interview with John Brown, 134; arrest and banishment of, 358; head of Knights of Golden Circle, etc., 360, 361; at Democratic national convention, 467, 468 Van Bergen, sues Lincoln for debt, 36, 41 Vandalia, Illinois, removal of State capital from, to Springfield, 45, 52 Van Dorn, Earl, Confederate major-general, defeat at Pea Ridge, 271 Varuna, the, sunk in expedition against New Orleans, 285 Vicksburg, Mississippi, fortifications of, 287; surrender of, July 4 1863, 376, 383; situation of 381; operations against, 381-383 Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, proclamation of neutrality, 211; kindly feelings toward United States, 247 Vienna Station, ambush at, 214 Virginia, State of, passes ordinance of secession, 194; in the Confederacy, 204; ratifies Thirteenth Amendment, 475 Wade, Benjamin F., United States senator, signs Wade-Davis manifesto, 456 Walker, Leroy Pope, Confederate Secretary of War and brigadier-general, speech at Montgomery, 197 Walker, Robert J., United States senator Secretary of the Treasury, appointed governor of Kansas, 114; letter to Buchanan 114, 115; resigns, 117 Warren, Gouverneur K., brevet major-general United States army, attacked by Lee, 507 Washburne, Elihu B., member of Congress, minister to France, meets Lincoln at railway station in Washington, 174 Washington City, cutoff from the North, 194-197; communication restored, 197; fortifications of, 208, 209; threatened by Early, 403; grand review of Union army in, 527-529 Washington, George, first President of the United States, rank of lieutenant-general, 393; size of his armies compared with Lee's, 524; his place in United States history, 555 Weitzel, Godfrey, brevet major-general United States army, receives surrender of Richmond, 510; sets about work of relief, 516 Welles, Gideon, Secretary of the Navy, appointed Secretary of the Navy, 182; approves course of Captain Wilkes, 246; at gathering of officials to discuss news of fight between Monitor and Merrimac, 296; refuses to sign cabinet protest, 311, 312; Lincoln tells him of coming emancipation proclamation, 332 West Virginia, State of, formation of, 200, 201; true to the Union, 204; effect on, of McClellan's campaign, 225; admission to the Union, 418; slavery in throttled by public opinion, 473 Whig Party, first national convention of, 28; nominates Henry Clay, 28; convention of 1860, 143, 144 White, Albert S., member of Congress, United States senator, judge of District Court of Indiana, reports bill to aid emancipation in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, 326 Whitesides, Samuel, general Illinois Volunteers, reënlists as private in Black Hawk War, 33 Wide Awakes, origin and campaign work of, 155, 156 Wilderness, Virginia, battle of, May 5, 6 1864, 398 Wilkes, Charles, rear-admiral United States navy, capture of the Trent, 246-249 Wilmington, North Carolina, occupation of, February 22 1865, 525 Wilson, James H., brevet major-general United States army, cavalry raid, and defeat of Forrest, 524, 525 Wilson's Creek, Missouri, battle of, August 10 1861, 235 Wise, Henry A., minister to Brazil; governor of Virginia, Confederate brigadier-general desires Douglas's reëlection to United States Senate, 126; interview with John Brown, 134 Worden, John L., rear-admiral United States navy, commands the Monitor, 282 Wright, Horatio G., brevet major-general United States army, sent to Washington 403; in recapture of Fort Stedman, 505, 506; in assault at Petersburg, 508, 509 Yates, Richard, member of Congress, governor of Illinois, United States senator Lincoln advocates his reëlection, 96; commissions Grant, 265; appoints J.F. Jaquess colonel of volunteer regiment, 461 Yorktown, Virginia, siege of, April 5 to May 3 1862, 301 Zollicoffer, Felix K., member of Congress, Confederate brigadier-general, in eastern Kentucky, 254; defeated by Thomas, 265