APPENDIX

I

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF POPES AND EMPERORS

Year of Accession. Popes. Emperors. Year of Accession.

A.D A.D.

468 Simplicius Romulus Augustulus 475

483 Felix III Anastasius I[1] 491

492 Gelasius I

496 Anastasius II

498 Symmachus

498 Laurentius (Anti-pope)

514 Hormisdas

Justin I 518

523 John I

526 Felix IV

JUSTINIAN[2] 527

530 Boniface II

530 Dioscorus (Anti-pope)

532 John II

535 Agapetus I

536 Silverius

537 Vigilius

555 Pelagius I

560 John III

Justin II 565

574 Benedict I

578 Pelagius II Tiberius II 578

Maurice 582

590 GREGORY I (THE GREAT)[2]

Phocas 602

604 Sabinianus

607 Boniface III

607 Boniface IV

HERACLIUS 610

615 Deusdedit

618 Boniface V

625 Honorius I

638 Severinus

640 John IV

Constantine III }

Heracleonas, } 641

Constans II }

640 Theodorus I

649 Martin I

654 Eugenius I

657 Vitalianus

Constantine IV (Pogonatus) 668

672 Adeodatus

676 Domnus I

678 Agatho

682 Leo II

683? Benedict II

685 John V Justinian II 685

685? Conon

687 Sergius I

687 Paschal (Anti-pope)

687 Theodorus (Anti-pope)

Leontius 694

Tiberius Apsimar 697

701 John VI

705 John VII Justinian II restored 705

708 Sisinnius

708 Constantine

Philippicus Bardanes 711

Anastasius II 713

715 Gregory II

Theodosius III 716

LEO III (THE ISAURIAN) 718

731 Gregory III

741 Zacharias Constantine V (Copronymus) 741

752 Stephen II

752 Stephen III

757 Paul I

768 Stephen IV

772 Hadrian I

Leo IV 775

Constantine VI 780

795 LEO III Deposition of Constantine VI by Irene 797

CHARLEMAGNE }Carlovingian 800

Lewis I (the Pious) }Line. 814

816 Stephen IV }

817 Paschal I }

824 Eugenius }

827 Valentinus }

827 Gregory IV }

Lothair I } 840

844 Sergius II }

847 Leo IV }

855 Benedict III Lewis II } 855

855 Anastasius (Anti-pope) }

858 NICHOLAS I }

867 Hadrian II }

872 John VIII }

Charles II (the Bald)} 875

Charles III (the Fat)} 881

882 Martin II

884 Hadrian III

885 Stephen V

891 Formosus Guido }[3] Italians 891

Lambert } 894

896 Boniface VI Arnulf, German 896

896 Steven VI

897 Romanus

897 Theodore II

898 John IX

900 Benedict IV

Lewis III (of Provence) 901

903 Leo V

903 Christopher

904 Sergius III

911 Anastasius III

913 Lando

914 John X

Berengar, Italian 915

928 Leo VI

929 Stephen VII

931 John XI

936 Leo VII

939 Stephen VIII

941 Martin III

946 Agapetus II

955 John XII

OTTO THE GREAT }Saxon 962

963 Leo VIII }Line.

964 Benedict V (Anti-pope) }

965 John XIII }

972 Benedict VI }

Otto II } 973

974 Boniface VII (Anti-pope) }

974 Domnus II }

974 Benedict VII }

983 John XIV Otto III } 983

985 John XV

996 Gregory V

996 John XVI (Anti-pope)

999 SILVESTER II

Henry II (of Bavaria) 1002

1003 John XVII

1003 John XVIII

1009 Sergius IV

1012 Benedict VIII

1024 John XIX Conrad II }Franconian 1024

1033 Benedict IX }Line.

HENRY III } 1039

1044 Silvester (Anti-pope) }

1045? Gregory VI }

1046 Clement II }

1048 Damasus II }

1048 Leo IX }

1054 Victor II }

HENRY IV } 1056

1057 Stephen IX }

1058 Benedict X }

1059 Nicholas II }

1061 Alexander II }

1073 GREGORY VII (Hildebrand) }

1080 Clement (Anti-pope) }

1086 Victor III }

1087 Urban II }

1099 Paschal II }

Henry V } 1106

1118 Gelasius II

1118 Gregory (Anti-pope)

1119 Calixtus II

1121 Celestine (Anti-pope)

1124 Honorius II

Lothair II (the Saxon) 1125

1130 Innocent II

(Anacletus, Anti-pope)

1138 Victor (Anti-pope) [Conrad III][4] }Hohenstaufen 1138

1143 Celestine II }Line.

1144 Lucius II }

1145 Eugenius III }

FREDERICK I } 1152

(BARBAROSSA)}

1153 Anastasius IV }

1154 Hadrian IV }

1159 ALEXANDER III }

1159 Victor (Anti-pope) }

1164 Paschal (Anti-pope) }

1168 Calixtus (Anti-pope) }

1181 Lucius III }

1185 Urban III }

1187 Gregory VIII }

1187 Clement III }

HENRY VI } 1190

1191 Celestine III { [Philip] } 1198

1198 INNOCENT III { Otto IV of Brunswick

Otto IV 1208

FREDERICK II }Hohenstaufen 1212

1216 Honorius III }Line.

1227 GREGORY IX }

1241 Celestine IV }

1241 Vacancy }

1243 Innocent IV }

[Conrad IV] } } 1250

[William] }

1254 Alexander IV Interregnum 1254

[Richard, Earl of Cornwall] } 1257

[Alfonso, King of Castile] } 1257

1261 Urban IV

1265 Clement IV

1269 Vacancy

1271 Gregory X

[Rudolf I (of Hapsburg)] 1272

1276 Innocent V

1276 Hadrian V

1276 John XXI[5]

1277 Nicholas III

1281 Martin IV

1285 Honorius IV

1289 Nicholas IV

1292 Vacancy [Adolf (of Nassau)] 1292

1294 Celestine V

1294 BONIFACE VIII

[Albert I (of Hapsburg)] 1298

1303 Benedict XI

1305 Clement V }Avignon,

}seat of HENRY VII (of Luxemburg) 1308

1314 Vacancy }Papacy. Lewis IV (of Bavaria) 1314

1316 John XXII }

1334 Benedict XII }

1342 Clement VI }

} Charles IV (House of Luxemburg) 1347

1352 Innocent VI }

1362 Urban V }

1370 Gregory XI }

1378 Urban VI, Clement VII }Great [Wenzel (House of Luxemburg)] 1378

(Anti-pope) }Schism

1389 Boniface IX }

1394 Benedict (Anti-pope) }

} [Rupert (Count Palatine)] 1400

1404 Innocent VII }

1406 Gregory XII } }

1409 Alexander V } }

1410 John XXIII } } Sigismund (House of Luxemburg) 1410

1417 Martin V

1431 Eugene IV

[Albert II (of Hapsburg)][6] 1438

1439 Felix V (Anti-pope)

Frederick III 1440

1447 NICHOLAS V }Popes

1455 Calixtus III }of the

1458 Pius II }Renaissance.

1464 Paul II }

1471 SIXTUS IV }

1484 Innocent VIII }

1493 Alexander VI } [Maximilian I] 1493

1503 Pius III }

1503 JULIUS II }

1513 LEO X }

CHARLES V 1519

1522 Hadrian VI

1523 Clement VII

1534 Paul III }Council

1550 Julius III }of Trent.

1555 Marcellus II }

1555 Paul IV }

} [Ferdinand I][7] 1558

1559 PIUS IV }

[Maximilian II] 1564

1566 Pius V

1572 Gregory XIII

[Rudolph II] 1576

1585 SIXTUS V

1590 Urban VII

1590 Gregory XIV

1591 Innocent IX

1592 Clement VIII

1605 Leo XI

1605 Paul V

[Matthias] 1612

[Ferdinand II] 1619

1621 Gregory XV

1623 Urban VIII

[Ferdinand III] 1637

1644 Innocent X

1655 Alexander VII

[Leopold I] 1658

1667 Clement IX

1670 Clement X

1676 Innocent XI

1689 Alexander VIII

1691 Innocent XII

1700 Clement XI

[Joseph I] 1705

[Charles VI] 1711

1720 Innocent XIII

1724 Benedict XIII

1740 Benedict XIV

[Charles VII] 1742

[Francis I, husband of Maria Theresa] 1745

1758 Clement XII

[Joseph II] }House of 1765

1769 Clement XIII }Hapsburg

1775 Pius VI }through

[Leopold II] }Maria Theresa. 1790

[Francis II] } 1792

1800 Pius VII

Abdication of Francis II 1806

1823 Leo XII

1829 Pius VIII

1831 Gregory XVI

1846 PIUS IX

1878 LEO XIII

1903 Pius X

1 All the Emperors between Romulus Augustulus and Charlemagne reigned at Constantinople.

2 Capitals distinguish the most eminent Popes and Emperors.

3 Two names bracketed together indicate rival claimants.

4 Those in brackets never received the Imperial crown.

5 This Pope skipped No. XX.

6 From 1438 to 1806, with the exception of Francis I of Lorraine, the House of Hapsburg was on the Imperial throne.

7 Ferdinand and his successors took the title Emperor Elect.

II

GENEALOGY OF THE MEDICI

Giovanni Bicci, d. 1429.

|

| |

Cosimo, Pater Patriæ, d. 1464. Lorenzo, d. 1440.

| |

Piero, d. 1469. Piero Francesco, 1467.

| |

| | |

Lorenzo the Magnificent, d. 1492. Giuliano, d. 1478. Giovanni, m. Caterina

| | Sforza, d. 1498.

| | | |

Piero, d. 1503. Giovanni, Pope Giulio, Pope Clement |

| Leo X, d. 1521. VII, d. 1534. |

Lorenzo, Duke Giovanni, "delle

of Urbino, d. 1519. bande nere," d.1526.

| |

| | |

Alessandro, Caterina, m. Henri II Cosimo I, Grand

d. 1537. of France, d. 1589. Duke, d. 1574.

|

| |

Francesco I, d. 1587, m. Joanna Ferdinand I, d. 1609.

of Austria, also Bianca Cappello. |

| |

Maria, m. Henri IV of France. Cosimo II, d. 1621.

|

Ferdinand II, d. 1670.

|

Cosimo III, d. 1723.

|

Giovanni Gastone, d. 1737.

III

SKELETON TABLE OF THE KINGS OF THE TWO SICILIES[26]

NAPLES KINGDOM OF THE TWO SICILIES SICILY

NORMAN CONQUEST,

last half of eleventh century.

Roger, d. 1154.

|

| |

William the Bad, d. 1166. Constance, d. 1198,

| married

William the Good, d. 1189. Henry VI, Emperor, d. 1197. }Hohenstaufen

| }Line.

| }

Frederick II, Emperor, d. 1250. }

| }

| | }

Conrad IV, d. 1254. Manfred, d. 1266. }

| }

Conradin, d. 1268. }

FRENCH CONQUEST, 1266.

Charles of Anjou, 1266-1282.

SICILIAN VESPERS, 1282.

House of Anjou, 1266-1442. House of Aragon, 1282-1442.

Alfonso of Aragon,

1442-1448.

|

| |

House of Aragon, illegitimate, 1448-1504. House of Aragon, legitimate, which, on marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon with Isabella of Castile, became House of Spain. 1448-1504.

SPANISH CONQUEST, 1504.

Ferdinand the Catholic, 1504-1516.

|

Charles V, Emperor, 1516-1556.

|

Spanish Crown, 1556-1713.

TREATY OF UTRECHT, 1713.

Austria, 1713-1720. Savoy, 1713-1720.

WILL OF QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE, 1720.

Austria, 1720-1738.

PEACE OF VIENNA, 1738.

Spanish Bourbons, 1738-1798.

[French invasion, 1798-1802.]

Spanish Bourbons, 1802-1805.

Joseph Bonaparte, 1806-1808.

Joachim Murat, 1808-1815.

Spanish Bourbons:

Ferdinand I, 1815-1825.

Francis I, 1825-1830.

Ferdinand II, 1830-1859.

Francis II, 1859-1860.

FOOTNOTE:

IV

LIST OF BOOKS FOR GENERAL READING

For the Middle Ages

Italy and her Invaders Thomas Hodgkin.

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Edward Gibbon.

History of Latin Christianity Dean Milman.

Rome in the Middle Ages (translated from the German by Mrs. G. W. Hamilton F. Gregorovius.

Mediæval Europe Ephraim Emerton.

Italian Chronicles of the Middle Ages Ugo Balzani.

Story of the Byzantine Empire C. W. C. Oman.

History of the Later Roman Empire J. Bury.

The Holy Roman Empire James Bryce.

Historical Documents of the Middle Ages Ernest F. Henderson.

The Papal Monarchy William Barry.

A History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages H. C. Lea.

An Historical Sketch of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church H. D. Lea.

History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church H. C. Lea.

History of Western Europe J. H. Robinson.

First Two Centuries of Florence (translated from the Italian by Linda Villari) Pasquale Villari.

Florence, Mediæval Towns Series E. C. Gardner.

The History of Venice W. Carew Hazlitt.

A Short History of Venice W. R. Thayer.

Church Building in the Middle Ages Charles Eliot Norton.

The Monks of the West from St. Benedict to St. Bernard (translated from the French) Montalembert.

The Classical Heritage of the Middle Ages H. O. Taylor.

Life of St. Francis of Assisi (translated from the French by L. S. Houghton) Paul Sabatier.

For the Renaissance

The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (translated from the German by S. G. C. Middlemore) Jakob Burckhardt.

The Cicerone Jakob Burckhardt.

Renaissance in Italy (The Age of the Despots, Revival of Learning, Fine Arts, Literature, Catholic Reaction) John Addington Symonds.

History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages (translated from the French) S. de Sismondi.

History of the Popes of Rome (translated from the German by Sarah Austin) Leopold Ranke.

The Papacy during the Reformation M. Creighton.

The Renaissance Cambridge Mod. History.

History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages (translated from the German) L. Pastor.

The Council of Trent J. A. Froude.

Petrarch, the First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters Robinson & Rolfe.

Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects (translated from the Italian by Mrs. Foster) Giorgio Vasari.

Journal of Montaigne's Travels in Italy.

For the Eighteenth Century

Studies of the Eighteenth Century in Italy Vernon Lee.

Goldoni's Memoirs, translated by W. D. Howells.

Memoirs of Carlo Gozzi J. A. Symonds.

For the Risorgimento

The Liberation of Italy Evelyn M. Cesaresco.

Italian Characters of the Epoch of Unification Evelyn M. Cesaresco.

The Union of Italy (1815-1895) W. J. Stillman.

Life of Victor Emmanuel II G. S. Godkin.

The Dawn of Italian Independence W. R. Thayer.

Modern Italy, 1748-1898 (translated from the Italian by Alice Vialls) Pietro Orsi.