Part 4 — INDEX
Reading edition
Abailard, 195, 200, 227
Aboubekr, 239
Abraham, 21, 22, 26, 38
Absolution, 191, 193
Abyssinia, Christianity in, 165, 208, 313
Acolythes, 53
Acts, Book of, 6, 8, 16, 27, 29, 31, 78, 81, 167
Adalbert, St., 217
Adams, 301
Adelhard, 234
Adonis, cult of, 21, 25, 37, 38, 51, sq. 95
Advent, mystery-play of, 188
Æons, Gnostic, 94
Aërius, 147
Æsculapius, 37, 158
Agapæ, 22, 25, 68, 84, 190
Agni, 56
Agnosticism, 299
Agobard, 187, 194
Alaric, 142–43
Albert, Archbishop, 249
Albigensian crusades, 181, 193, 201 sq., 211, 227
Alcuin, 169, 232
Alexander, 60, 109
—— Bishop, 121
—— III (Pope), 228
—— Jannæus, 7
Alexandria, 42, 79, 81, 94, 119, 126, 153, 155, 175
Algebra, 234
Allegory, use of, 77, 96, 210
Alphonso of Castile, 234
Alva, 254
Amalrich of Bena, 196, 227
Ambrose, 88, 135, 137, 146, 155, 156, 157, 192
America, Jesuits in, 292, 294
Amulets, Gnostic, 96, 97
Amun, 24, 152, 183
Anabaptist movement, 258–59, 266, 268, 311
Ananias and Sapphira, 18, 27
Anastasius, 131
Anatomy, 274
Andronicus, 243
Angels, worship of, 94, 97
Angli, conversion of, 168
Anglicanism, 295
Animal-worship, 76, 150
Anna, St., 188
Annates, 255
Anselm, 195
Anthropomorphites, 183
Anti-Christs, 19, 31, 169
Antinomianism, 62, 68, 84, 91, 95
Antioch, church of, 81, 104, 126, 129, 175; siege of, 219
—— Council of, 104
Antipodes, doctrine of, 196
Anti-Semitism, 19, 48, 74, 75, 93, 123, 318
Antonines, the, 108, 158, 164. See Marcus Aurelius
Aphroditê, 53, 54, 55
Apocalypse, 16, 23, 27, 29, 53, 74, 76, 78, 91, 107
Apocrypha, the Christian, 11, 38
Apollinaris, heresy of, 148 sq.
Apollo, 7, 10, 33, 37, 56, 60, 102
Apollonius of Tyana, 30, 73, 156
Apollos, 77
Apostles, myth of twelve, 2, 16–19, 28, 30, 48; the real, 17, 70, 82
—— Jewish, 16–17, 70
—— Creed, 178
Apostolical Constitutions, 178
Apostolici, 200, 201
Apotheosis, 60, 109
Aquinas, Thomas, 188, 196, 217
Arab myths, 38
Arabia, Christianity in, 82, 146
Arabic science, 233 sq.
Arbogastes, 139
Arcadius, 142
Archipresbyters, 166
Architecture, Christian, 162, 236, 237
Ardeshir, 133
Aries, constellation of, 51
Aristotle, on slavery, 61
—— study of, 196, 227, 233, 235
Arithmetic, introduction of, 233
Arius and Arianism, 118, 120–23, 126, 135, 136, 142 sq., 145, 174
Armenia, conversion of, 127; reconquest of, 239
—— Nestorians in, 47, 147; heresy in, 198–99
Arminianism, 268
Arnobius, 86
Arnold of Brescia, 200
—— of Cliteaux, 202
—— Matthew, 290, 300
Arrius Antoninus, 110
Art and religion, 33, 59, 75, 96, 101, 162, 187, 209, 236 sq., 308
Ascetic ideals, 23, 38, 46, 50, 54, 56, 61, 63, 68, 84, 89–90, 93, 99, 100, 123, 129, 138, 156, 184 sq., 200, 206, 209, 309, 311
Ashtaroth and Mary, 146
Asses, the two mythic, 37
Assyrian religion, 53, 69
Astrology, 234, 279
Astronomical myths, 23, 37, 58, 59; science, 196, 233
Astruc, 289
Athanasius and Athanasianism, 121–22, 126, 134, 135, 143, 145, 151
Atheism, 107, 275
Athenagoras, 34
Athens, ancient religion in, 44, 45, 53, 106, 156; modern, 307
Attis, 7, 21, 25, 32, 37, 38, 51 sq., 175
Audæans, 185
Augsburg, Confession of, 259, 266; Peace of, 259
Augurs, 137
Augustine, St., 96, 136, 140, 146, 147, 154, 156, 157, 167, 186, 187, 189, 192
—— the lesser, 164, 165, 168, 176
Augustus, 60, 109, 215
Aurelian, 104, 114
Austria, religion in, 260, 262, 296, 303
Autocrator, the, 93
Averroës and Averroism, 196, 203, 230, 234
Avignon, 272
Aztecs, 89
Babe-God, 37, 55, 57
Babylonian religion, 16, 37, 38, 59, 69
Bacchanalia, Christian, 156
Bacchus, 22, 32, 37, 55, 56, 138. See Dionysos
Bacon, Roger, 229, 234
—— Francis, 273, 275, 279, 280, 281
Bale, 267
Balfour, 286, 291
Balkan War, 313
Bangor, massacre at, 168
Banquets, religious, 20–26, 43. See Eucharist
Baptism, 3, 26, 36, 49, 63, 101, 106, 120, 168, 198, 225
Barabbas, 38
Barbarism, Christianity and, 161, 165, 169 sq.
Bardesanes, 93, 98
Barnabas, epistle of, 3
Barneveldt, 268
Bartholomew, Massacre of St., 257, 311
Basil, 156, 161, 175
—— the monk, 243
Basilides, 93, 94
Baths, pagan and Christian, 163
Bavaria, religion in, 262
Beaton, Cardinal, 253
Beghards and Beguins, 203, 212, 226, 246
Belgium, religion in, 295
Belisarius, 143, 144
Benedict, St., 167
—— II (Pope), 176
Benedictines, 207, 208
Berengar, 195
Berkeley, 284, 286
Berlin, 299
Bernard, St., 220, 227
Berne, 298
Bethlehem birth-myth, 9, 38, 80
Beziers, sack of, 202
Bible, use of in early Church, 30, 72, 75, 132; translations of, 284; influence of, 266, 268–69, 270, 273, 274
—— the “Rainbow,” 300
Biblical criticism, 286 sq.
Bibliolatry, 270
Biology, 282
Bishops, 45, 70, 71, 87, 88, 90, 117, 120, 155, 167, 178, 181, 182, 192–93, 206, 210; and papacy, 178–79, 182; and feudal powers, 178
Björnson, 299
Black Death, the, 222, 229
Black Madonnas, 185
Blood covenant, 20
Bloodshed, Christian, 173
Bodin, 270, 279, 281
Boers, 313
Boethius, 158, 232
Bogomilians, 199, 201, 243
Bohemia, conversion of, 171; slavery in, 217; heresy in, 246; Protestantism in, 257, 260; reversion of, 257, 261–62
Bohemond, 219
Boleslavs, the two, 171
Bonaventura, St., 187
Bonaventure des Periers, 274
Boniface, 168, 169, 196
—— III(Pope), 176
Books, destruction of, 231
Bossuet, 292
Bougre, the name, 199
Boyle, 281
Bradlaugh, 301
Bradley, 283
Brahmanism, 132
“Branch, the,” 7–8
Brazil, religion in, 296
Bread and wine, rite of, 22, 25
Brethren of the Lord, 18
——of the Common Lot, 203, 247, 248
——of the Free Spirit, 204, 245
Britain, ancient, Christianity in, 82, 112, 165, 168, 176
Bruno, Giordano, 275, 278, 283
——St., 208
Büchner, 285
Buddha and Buddhism, 2, 7, 15, 50, 132
Bulgaria, Turkish conquest of, 173; heresy in, 199, 313
Bull-symbol, 59
Butler, 284
Byblos, 53
Byzantium, 150, 159, 160, 163, 208, 216, 218, 220, 232, 235, 236 sq., 238 sq., 318
Calendar, the ecclesiastical, 138
Calvin and Calvinism, 213, 249, 251, 253, 256, 257, 260, 262, 265 sq., 268, 270
Campanus, 234
Cannibalism, religious, 25, 189
Canon, formation of, 98
Canons, regular, 167
Canute. See Knut
Capital and labour, 321
Capricorn, 37 Caputiati, 200
Cardinals, powers of, 179
Carlstadt, 258
Carpocrates, 95
Carthage, church of, 84, 90, 116, 123, 126, 154
Cassiodorus, 232
Caste, in Byzantium, 160
Catechumens, 96, 102 Cathari, 199
Cathedrals, 166, 167
Catholicism, latter-day, 265–66, 268, 274, 283, 285, 292 sq., 311, 318
Cave-birth-myth, 37
Celibacy, doctrine of, 63, 89–90, 122, 155, 166, 180, 206, 209
Celsus, 11, 85
Cephas, 18. See Peter
Cerdo, 93, 98
Ceres, 22, 55. See Dêmêtêr
Cetewayo, 173
Chalcedon, Council of, 149, 175
“Chapters,” powers of, 179, 181
Charlemagne, 127, 169 sq., 176, 177, 232
Charles Martel, 176
——the Bald, 194
——the Fat, 177
——V, 251, 252, 255, 256
Charron, 283
Chartreuse, monks of, 208
Chateaubriand, 288
Chaucer, 204
Chazari, 199
Chemistry, rise of, 233
Child-eating, charge of, 25–26
Child-God, the, 28, 37, 55, 57
Children’s crusades, 221
China, ethics in, 61; life of, 160; Christianity in, 292 sq. Chorepiscopi, 134, 166 Chrēstos, the name, 31, 33–35
Christ, the name, 92; the myth, 28 sq., 34, 36 sq., 78, 96; the doctrine, 39, 78, 91, 98, 102, 120, 148 sq., 152, 266
Christian III of Denmark, 253
——IV of Denmark, 261
——of Anhalt, 260
Christians, the first, 2–10, 22, 28 sq., 48, 63, 67 sq., 72 sq., 81 sq.
Christmas, 37, 55
Chrysostom, 155, 161
Church, origin of Christian, 45, 48, 75 sq., 81 sq.; State establishment of, 114 sq., 133 sq.; early endowments of, 70, 116, 117, 135, 169; organization of, 166, 170, 172, 174 sq.; expansion of, 165 sq.; slave-holding by, 216
Churches, early use of, 101
Cicero, 286, 291
Circumcelliones, 135
Circumcision, 23, 26, 49
Circus, at Constantinople, 159
Civilization, Christianity and, 208. See Decadence
Claudian, 157
Claudius, Bishop, 187, 194
Clement of Alexandria, 77, 85, 96
——of Rome, 54, 73, 74
——III (antipope), 180
——VII (Pope), 251, 252 Clementines, the, 29
Clergy, early Christian, 83, 85, 116 sq., 119, 126, 166 sq.; celibacy of, 89–90, 180, 204, 205 sq.; secular and regular, 167; ignorance of, 205 sq.; influence of, 205, 209; misconduct of, 205 sq.; modern Greek, 304 sq.; Russian, 308
Clifford, 299
Clovis, 144
Cœlestius, 147
Colenso, 289, 291
Coleridge, 103, 284
Collins, Anthony, 287
Collyridians, 146
Columbus, 277
Communism, Christian, 27, 167, 212
Comte, 295
Concord, ideal of, 63 sq.
Concubinage, priestly, 90, 205–206
Condorcet, 282
Confession, sacerdotal, 71, 166, 191, 209
Constance, Council of, 246
Constans, 121, 124, 125
——II, 151
Constantine, 113 sq., 127, 151, 214, 215
——II, 124, 151
——VI, 176
——Copronymus, 198
——the Paulician, 198
Constantinople, ancient church of, 116, 118, 126, 175; Council of, 149; life of, 159, 238 sq.; patriarch of, 120, 174, 175; fall of, 220, 235, 243
Constantius, 115, 124–26, 128
——Chlorus, 112–14, 128
Conversion of barbarians, 168 sq.
Copernicus, 265, 277, 278 Corinthians, Epistles to, 4, 16, 20, 32, 49, 68
Corybantic mysteries, 56
Cosmas Indicopleustes, 158
Cossacks, creed of, 263
Councils, church, 70, 90, 91, 104, 118, 120–21, 126, 182
Counsellor Gods, the Babylonian, 16
Cow, the sacred, 37
Creeds, use of, 75, 101, 151
Crete, Moslem conquest of, 244; reconquest of, 244
Crime, Christianity and, 312
Crimean War, 309
Crispus, 117
Cromwell, 287
Cross-symbol, 27–28, 32, 35, 57, 58, 79, 101–102
Crucifix, the, 27, 185
Crucifixion, mystic, 27, 32 sq., 57
——mythic, 15, 57
Cruelty, Christian and pagan, 64, 108, 154, 155, 156, 161, 171, 172, 173, 181–82, 198, 209, 210, 218, 219, 231, 239, 256, 311
Crusades, 182, 193, 199, 200, 218 sq., 311
Culture-conditions, Græco-Roman, 41 sq.; medieval, 197 sq., 205 sq., 225, 235
Cumberland, 283
Cybelê, 52, 53, 76
Cyprian, 86, 90, 91, 109, 174
Cyril, 155
D’Alembert, 282
Damasus, Pope, 134–35, 174
Dancers, sect of, 226
Daniel, myth of, 38
Dante, 235
Darwinism, 282, 299
David, 38
—— of Dinant, 196
Deacons, 70, 83
Death-rate, medieval, 225
Decadence, ancient, promoted by Christianity, 85, 86, 110, 119, 126, 128, 134, 136–37, 140, 142, 146, 150, 152, 154, 159, 160 sq., 173, 208; medieval, 228, 238; modern, 262
Decius, 108
Decretals, the forged, 178, 179, 180–82
Deism, 195, 275, 277, 282, 286 sq., 301
Delambre, 282
Dêmêtêr, 7, 55, 56, 76 Demiourgos, the, 98
Democracy, fanatical, 276, 277
Denmark, conversion of, 170
Deogratius, 154
Descartes, 280, 281, 283
Devil, belief in, 187, 224, 225
D’Holbach, 282 Diabolos, 19
Diderot, 282
Diocletian, 108, 111–14
Dionysius the Areopagite, 241
Dionysos, cult of, 14, 15, 21, 22, 26, 32, 37, 38, 44, 51, 55 sq., 102, 106, 138
Disciples. See Apostles
Divination, 117, 134
Docetists, 123, 198
Dogma, formation of, 120 sq., 144, 146 sq., 154
Dolcino, Fra, 200
Dominicans, 188, 228, 229, 246
Domitian, 108, 109
Donatists, 118, 123, 134, 143
Doomsday, doctrine of, 26, 39, 63, 72, 78, 107, 111, 179
Dositheus, 36
Dostoyevsky, 308
Dove-symbol, 29
Drama, Greek, 13, 33, 42
——in Jewry, 74
Dreyfus case, 318
Druids, 25, 183
Drummond, H., 291
Dukhobortsi, 309
Dunbar, 274 Dynamis, 94
Earthquakes and religion, 161
Easter, 24 sq., 59, 90
Ebionites, 5–9, 29 Ecclesia, the, 45
Ecclesiasticus, Book of, 22
Eckhart, 212
Economic causation, 28, 47, 69 sq., 78, 80, 86, 88, 117, 126, 132, 134, 135, 139, 140, 168, 189, 197, 216, 217, 220, 222, 249 sq., 265, 271, 296
Education, pagan and Christian, 158, 183; in fifteenth century, 248; Jesuit methods of, 276; modern Catholic, 296
Egypt, ancient cults of, 18, 27, 62, 69, 77, 79, 92, 94, 152 (see Isis and Osiris); Christianity in, 81, 108, 138, 150, 161, 165; art in, 237; Gnosticism in, 93 sq.; Moslem conquest of, 150 Ektroma, 4
El, 21, 22, 29, 38
Elcesaites, 36, 91
Elders. See Presbyters
Eleusinian mysteries, 26, 45, 55, 134, 143
Elijah and Elisha, 38
Elizabeth of England, 253, 273
Elvira, Council of, 186
Elymas, 29
Emerson, 301
Emperors, worship of, 60, 109
Encyclopædia Biblica, 289
End of world, doctrine of. See Doomsday
England, Christianity in, 168; heresy in medieval, 203, 229; slave-trading in, 216; Protestantism in, 252 sq., 264 sq., 268, 273, 295; Catholicism in, 295; rationalism in, 281, 282, 283 sq., 286 sq., 299 sq. Ennoia, 94
Ephesus, Council of, 148, 149
Epictetus, 85, 86, 130, 211
Epicureanism, 45, 128, 280
Epiphanius, 186, 187
Erasmus, 248, 271
Erigena. See John the Scot
Essenes, 8, 49–51
Establishment, Church, 112, 114 sq., 127 Eternal Gospel, The, 203
Ethics, Christian and pagan, 41 sq., 60 sq., 68, 71, 84, 89, 155, 156, 193, 204, 218 sq., 228, 239, 257, 284, 310 sq.
Eucharist, 2, 12, 20–26, 36, 44, 101, 102, 190; doctrine of, 189 sq., 194, 225, 266
Euclid, 234
Eudo of Stello, 200
Eugenius, 136
Eusebius, 83, 108, 111, 113, 117
Eustathius, 241
Eutyches, heresy of, 149 sq.
Evangelists, 70
Evil spirits, belief in, 83, 84, 101, 102, 184
Exarchs, 120
Exorcism, Christian, 72, 83, 101, 102, 158 Ezekiel, Book of, 27
Fanaticism, 54, 55, 63, 69, 83, 84, 98, 104, 107, 110, 126, 135, 139, 155, 160, 211, 213, 221, 229, 257, 265, 277
Faraday, 316
Fausta, 118
Fénelon, 292
Ferdinand and Isabella, 230
Ferdinand I, 260, 272
Ferrer, 295
Feudalism, Christianity and, 213 sq., 250
Feuerbach, 210, 284
Fichte, 284 Filioque clause, 152–53
Finance, early Christian, 27, 70 sq., 87, 104, 116, 126, 140; modern, 317, 321. See Papacy
Finlay, cited, 242, 244, 303, 304 sq.
Finns, conversion of, 172
Fish, the divine, 59
Flagellants, 226
Florence, religion at, 195, 212–13
Food-doles, ancient, 71, 126, 179
Forgery, Christian, 5, 51, 73, 77, 78, 88, 117 sq.
Fourth Gospel, the, 11, 29, 31, 39, 78, 79–80, 91
Fox, George, 277
France, heresy in, 194–95, 229; Reformation in, 255 sq.; decline of Protestantism in, 255, 263, 302; rationalism in, 271, 277, 278, 282, 287, 294, 295, 302. See Gaul
Francis I, 255, 256
—— St., of Assisi, 203, 207, 211
—— St., of Sales, 211
Franciscans, 188, 203, 246, 276
Franklin, 301
Franks, religion of the, 144, 194 Fraticelli, 203, 246
Frauds, early Christian, 5, 73, 78, 88; medieval, 177–78, 315
Frederick Barbarossa, 200
—— II, 234
—— of Saxony, 251, 258
—— Elector Palatine, 260
Freemasonry, 237
French Revolution, reaction against, 282, 288, 297; effect of in Greece, 306; bloodshed in, 311
Friars, preaching and begging, 181, 203, 207
“Friends of God,” 212
Future state, doctrine of, 27 Galatians, Epistle to the, 18, 32
Galerius, 111–15
“Galileans,” 9
Galileo, 276, 277, 279, 280, 317 Galli, 53
Gallus, 124, 126
Gardens of Adonis, 53
Gassendi, 280, 281, 282
Gaul, Christianity in, 82, 112, 144, 155–56, 176
Geneva, religion in, 213, 249, 266, 297
Geniuses, worship of, 76, 109
Gentile Christism, 28 sq., 65
Geology, 282
Gerbert, 218, 233
Gerhard of Cambrai, 201
Germany, conversion of, 169; and the papacy, 180; heresy in, 248; Protestantism in, 248 sq., 274; philosophy in, 248 sq.; rationalism in, 282–84, 288, 291, 298, 299
Gerson, 188
Gibbon, 109, 287
Gilbert, 280
Gladiatorial games, 156
Glanvil, 281 Glossolalia, 54, 87
Gnosticism, 30, 40, 48, 54, 64, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 91 sq., 98
Goat-God, the, 37
Goch, John of, 247
Godfrey of Bouillon, 219
Goethe, 271
Goliards, 201
Gorky, 308
Gospels, date of, 3, 10; composition of, 39, 65, 73 sq., 78, 79, 96, 98, 99; criticism of, 289
Goths, religion of, 142 sq.
——and Vandals, 162
Gottschalk the Wend, 171
——the monk, 194, 197
Gratian, 135–36, 139, 215
——the monk, 180
Greece, priesthoods of pagan, 69; life of Christian, 238 sq., 303 sq., 318
Greek influence on Christianity, 31, 51, 61, 64, 70
——life and culture (ancient), 41 sq., 48, 51 sq., 69, 70, 163, 313; medieval, 283 sq.; modern, 303 sq.
——and Latin schism, 153, 240, 244, 309
Gregory Thaumaturgus, 89
——of Nazianzun, 127, 129
——the Great (Pope), 158, 159, 161, 163, 164, 165, 175, 185, 186, 190, 192, 225, 232
Gregory II (Pope), 176
——IV (Pope), 177
——VII (Pope), 179–80
——IX (Pope), 203, 228
——XI (Pope), 182
Grisons, the, 264
Grotius, 268
Guelphs and Ghibelines, 217
Guizot, 288
Gustavus Adolphus, 261
——Vasa, 254
Hades, descent into, 56; idea of, see Hell
Hadrian, 35, 93, 108, 163 Hagioi, 9
Halley, 281
Haroun Alraschid, 177
Harpocrates, 57
Harrison, Miss, 55 n., 56 n.
Harvey, 280
Heaven, doctrine of, 27
Hebrews, early beliefs of, 20 sq., 26, 27, 32, 37, 40, 58
Hegel, 283, 284
Helena, 184
Hell, doctrine of, 63, 98, 154, 210, 225
Hellenistic religion, 31
Henri IV, 257
Henry III (emperor), 179
——IV (emperor), 179–80
——the monk, 200
——V of England, 204
——VIII of England, 252, 258, 269
Heraclius, 150, 151, 155, 163, 168, 242
Herbert of Cherbury, 286–87
Hercules (Herakles), 2, 21, 22, 56, 102
Heresy, ancient, 91 sq., 102 sq., 118, 119, 120 sq., 145, 146 sq.; medieval, 197 sq.; rationalistic, 194 sq., 275; anti-clerical, 197 sq., 201 sq., 245
Hermas, the Pastor of, 35
Hermes, 33, 37, 38, 56, 79
Herod, 28
Heroes, worship of, Greek, 33, 76, 137
Hierapolis, Goddess of, 54 Hilaria, the, 53
Hildebrand, 179–80, 181, 195
Hillel, 47
Hincmar, 194
Hindus, 42
Hobbes, 283, 287
Holland, religion in, 203; art in, 189, 236; Protestantism in, 254, 268, 274; rationalism in, 277, 298, 299
Holy Ghost, doctrine of, 35, 37, 99, 123, 152
——Roman Empire, 176, 183
Holy Spirit, Gospel of the, 203
Holy water, 185
Homoousian dispute, 120 sq.
Honorius, 142, 143, 156
Hooker, 267, 273
Horus, 37, 38, 56 sq., 94, 185
Host, the, 190
Huet, 286
Huguenots, the, 256, 263
Hume, 284, 287, 297
Hungary, conversion of, 171
Huss, 246 sq., 251
Huxley, 283, 299
Hypatia, 155, 161
Iacchos, 55
Ibsen, 13, 299
Iconoclasts, the, 176, 186 sq., 239 sq.
Icons, 163, 186, 236, 308
Idolatry, early Christian aversion to, 75, 84, 107, 125, 185; later Christian practice of, 75, 101, 125, 163, 177, 184 sq., 241
Ignatius, Epistles of, 3, 4, 5; character of, 83 Imitatio Christi, the, 86, 211, 212
Immaculate Conception, 188
Immortality, doctrine of, 27, 35, 49, 57, 58, 59, 62, 196
Imperialism, Roman, 41, 86, 110, 119, 127, 139, 140, 160, 183; modern, 204, 242 Impostors, The Three, 234
Incarnation, 38
"Incorruptibilist" controversy, 153 Index Expurgatorius, 275
India, religions of, 42, 56, 61; Christianity in, 292 sq.
Indulgences, doctrine of, 182, 192; traffic in, 193, 249 sq.
Infant damnation, doctrine of, 63, 146
Infallibility, Papal, 183, 296
Ingersoll, 301
Innocent III (Pope), 181, 193, 202, 220, 228
Innocents, massacre of, 38, 60
Inquisition, the, 210, 227 sq., 256, 269, 275, 294, 311
Inspiration, 40, 64, 73, 79, 85, 96, 289
Ion, 37
Ireland, Christianization of, 165, 168, 232; slavery in, 216; decivilization of, 262, 264, 295; Catholicism in, 264, 294, 304
Irene, 176
Irrationalism, 285–86
Isaac, 21, 23, 26
Isidorean decretals, the, 178–82
—— Encyclopædia, 232
Isis, cult of, 33, 37, 56, 57, 76, 106, 185
Islam. See Mohammedanism
Italy under Christianity, 160, 165, 177, 186, 229, 235 sq., 248, 251, 270, 294; rationalism in, 189, 268, 275, 295
Jacob, 21
Jacobites, sect of, 149 James, Epistle of, 18
James, W., 285
James V of Scotland, 253
—— I of England, 260, 261, 270, 271
—— II of England, 264
Jansenists, 280
Janus, myth of, 18
Japan, Christianity in, 292 sq.; progress of, 320
Jasion, 56
Jefferson, 300
Jehovah, 22, 54, 77, 123
Jerome, 140, 146, 154, 155, 160
—— of Prague, 247
Jerusalem, Jesuist life in, 27; patriarchate of, 175, 177; capture of by the Crusaders, 218 sq.; Christians at, 300, 309
Jeschu, 23
Jesseans, 8
Jesuits, in Poland, 263, 276; success of, 276, 292 sq.; decline of, 293–94
Jesus, mythic personality of, 3, 5–15, 17, 20, 21, 28, 33 sq., 36 sq., 40, 59, 76, 77, 92, 93, 94, 100–10, 122, 145, 148, 290
—— and Jesuism, 5, 6–15, 17, 102 sq., 151 sq. See Christ
—— the high-priest, 7
—— Ben Pandira, 7, 11
Jews, variant beliefs of, 5, 47, 49 sq.; poverty of, 7; after fall of Temple, 14; mysteries of, 14, 20–24; and Christians, 28 sq., 38, 39, 46 sq., 62, 65, 68, 69, 79, 107, 218, 219, 227, 230, 310; persecutions of by Christians, 155, 161, 168, 173; as slave-dealers, 216; as usurers, 227; in Turkey, 305
Joachim of Flora, 203
John, the disciple, 63 John, Gospel of, 11, 29, 31, 39, 78, 79–80
—— Epistles of, 19, 92 n.
John the Baptist, 26, 28, 48
—— VIII (Pope), 177
—— the Scot, 194–95, 196, 210, 232, 241
—— of Parma, 203
Joseph, Jewish myth of, 19, 38
—— father of Jesus, cult of, 188
Joshua, 6, 7–8, 12, 20
Joule, 316
Jovian, 133
Jovinian, 146
Judaism, 5–10, 16, 20 sq., 28, 46 sq., 49 sq., 79
Judas, 19, 25, 28
——the Galilean, 50 Jude, Epistle of, 8
Judge of the Dead, the, 57 Judges, Book of, 2
Julian, 124–26, 127 sq.
——Bishop, 176
Julius Cæsar, 109, 127, 164
Jumpers, sect of, 309
Jupiter, 37
Justinian, 143, 150, 158, 159, 163, 205, 215, 216; code of, 215, 232
——II, 239
Justin Martyr, 3, 74, 81, 85, 93, 102
Juvenal, 62, 185
Kant, 282, 283, 284
Kelvin, 316
Kepler, 277, 282
Keys of heaven and hell, 58
Khlysti, 309
Khonsu, 152, 183
Kid, sacrament of, 44
Kidd, B., 286, 291
“Kingdom of God,” 28, 39
Knights Templars, 207, 221, 222–23
——Teutonic order of, 172
Knox, John, 253
Knut, 170
Koran, 79, 122
Korybas, 56 Kriobolium, 59
Krishna, 2, 15, 22
Kronos, 21 Labarum, the, 115
Lagrange, 282
Lalande, 282
Lamb, symbol and sacrament of, 22 sq., 26, 59, 76, 147
La Mettrie, 282
Languedoc, heresy in, 181, 193, 201 sq., 228
Laplace, 282 Lares and Penates, 43–44
Las Casas, 173
Laski, John, 266–67
Last Supper. See Eucharist
Laud, 268
Laurentius Valla, 248
Law, Christian and pagan, 150, 156, 160, 169, 214, 232
Lecky, 300
Leibnitz, 282
Leo I (Pope), 154, 175, 190, 191
——IX (Pope), 178
——X (Pope), 249, 251, 271
——the Isaurian, 186–87, 198, 239
Leo the Armenian, 198, 240
Lepers, 263
Lessevich, W., 19 n.
Liber and Libera, 55, 56
Licinius, 114–18
Lithuania, paganism of, 172
Liturgies, early, 57
Lituus, the, 137
Livonia, Christianity in, 172
Livy, 106
Locke, 284 Logos, doctrine of, 34, 38, 79, 94, 102, 104
Lollardism, 203–204, 246
Lombards, the, 144, 176
Lord’s Day, the, 58, 68
——Prayer, the, 62
Louis, son of Charlemagne, 177, 241
——St., 212, 220
——XII, 256
——XIV, 263
Love feasts. See Agapæ
Lübeck, paganism of, 172
Lucian, 86
Lucretius, 127 Luke, Gospel of, 31, 62, 74
Luther and Lutheranism, 212, 247, 249, 250, 253, 257 sq., 265 sq., 270, 271, 326–28, 330, 335–37, 342
Lycurgus, 65
Lyndsay, 274
Macarius, 194
Macedonius, 126, 151
Macrobius, 130, 157
Magic, early Christian, 50, 85, 101, 184, 189
Magnentius, 124
Maia, 38
Manger-basket, the, 37, 55
Manichæism, 1, 55, 75, 97, 101, 123 sq., 136, 143, 144, 145, 156, 191, 192, 197, 201, 209, 228. See Paulicians
Mansfeld, 261
Manuel Comnenus, 243
Marcian, 131
Marcion and Marcionism, 97 sq., 144
Marcus Aurelius, 86, 108, 127, 211 Mark, Gospel of, 4
Mamas, 21
Marsyas, 37
Martianus Capella, 232
Martin of Tours, 137
Martyrs, 31, 83, 110; spurious, 76, 89, 137; heretical, 126
Mary, myth and cult of, 12, 37, 76, 146, 148, 152, 185, 187, 209, 225
——Queen of England, 252
——Queen of Scotland, 253
——Regent of Scotland, 253
Mass, the, 25, 44, 190, 192
Massacres, Christian, 126, 134, 153, 154, 168, 169, 172, 173, 180, 198, 201–202, 218, 219, 227, 256, 257, 269, 311
Materialism, 285
Maternus, 124
Mathematics, Arab, 233–34 Matthew, Gospel of, 4, 5
Matthew of Cracow, 246
Matthias, 260
Maurice, the Emperor, 150
Maxentius, 113–15
Maximian, 111–15
Maximilian, 260
Maximilla and Priscilla, 99
Maximin, 113–15
Maximinus, 108
Maximus, 136
Mazarin, 263
Mazdeism, 38, 50, 58, 94, 123, 132, 191, 198
Mediator, the, 38, 77
Medicine, ancient and modern, 102, 158
Melanchthon, 266, 267, 279
Melchizedek, 22 Memra, 79
Menander, 34
Mendicants, religious, 7, 70, 207
Meredith, 300
Messiah, doctrine of, 2, 8, 9, 12, 21, 31, 37, 47, 48, 60
Mexicans, religion of early, 25, 61, 89; slaughter of, 173, 311
Michael the Drunkard, 240
—— the Stammerer, 241
Middleton, 287
Midnight worship, 68, 107, 112, 125
Mill, J. S., 310
Millennium, doctrine of, 97, 179
Milman, cited, 164
Miracles, 11, 30, 36, 73, 88, 184, 186, 187, 190, 199, 224, 225, 287, 290
Miriam, 12
Missionaries, Catholic, 292 sq.; Protestant, 302
Mithra and Mithraism, 7, 18, 21, 22, 23, 36, 37, 38, 51, 57 sq., 69, 79, 82, 107, 123, 133, 138, 175
Mitres, 137
Moawyah, Caliph, 239
Mohammedanism, rise of, 1, 150, 161, 162, 165; influence of, 161, 162, 216, 239; Christian converts to, 244, 303, 305
Moleschott, 285
Molokani, 309
Monarchy, Christianity and, 146, 168 sq., 213, 217
Monasticism, 51, 122, 160–61, 167, 206 sq.
Mongols, tolerance of, 173
Monophysite heresy, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 165
Monotheism, pagan, 128, 137; and science, 315
Monothelite heresy, 151, 152
Montaigne, 271, 275, 283
Montanus and Montanism, 67, 97 sq., 112, 123, 144
Moors, persecution of, 173, 193, 229, 230
More, 267
Morone, 272
Moses, 2, 8, 38
Mosheim, 137, 210
Mother-Goddesses, 37, 52 sq., 57, 59, 76, 148, 152, 185
Müller of Königsberg, 234
Münzer, 258
Myrrha, 52
Mystæ, 33, 52, 53
Mysteries, Jewish, 20, 21
—— pagan, 20, 21, 23, 26, 33, 55 sq., 188
—— Christian, 12–14, 19, 28, 32, 67, 72
Mystery-play, the primary, 12–14, 19, 28, 73, 87–88
Myth in history and religion, 1–2, 15, 40
—— and ritual, 24
Nantes, Edict of, 257; revoked, 264
Naples, Catholicism in, 294
Narses, 144, 153
Nativity, mystery-play of, 76
Nazara or Nazareth, 6–10
Nazarites and Nazarenes, 6–10, 47, 148
Neo-Platonism, 111, 130, 291
Nero, 31, 107, 109
Nestorians, 47, 132, 144, 148, 150, 151, 165
Nestorius, 148 sq., 162
Netherlands, 254–55. See Holland Netzer, 6, 7
New Jerusalem, the, 27
Newman, Cardinal, 188, 295
New Testament, criticism of, 289, 290
Newton, 281
Nicæa, Council of, 120–21, 149
Nicene Creed, 97
Nicephorus I, 198, 239
Nicholas I (Pope), 178
—— II (Pope), 179
—— IV (Pope), 221 Nicodemus, Gospel of, 14
Nicolaus of Autricuria, 196
—— of Cusa, 196
Nicolitaines, 91
Nocturnal assemblies, 68, 107, 112, 125
Noëtus, 103
Nominalism, 195, 246
Nous, 94
Novatian and Novatians, 90, 148
Nuremberg, torture at, 210
Oblations, 71
Occam, 229
Old Testament, analysis of, 2; early Christian use of, 30, 46, 48, 65, 72, 75
Olympius, 143
“Only-begotten Son,” 21, 23, 38, 152
Onuphrius, St., 138
Origen, 11, 63, 85, 96, 150, 152, 154, 156, 161, 192
Orpheus and Orphic cults, 33, 56
Osiris and Osirianism, 2, 10, 14, 19, 27, 32, 35, 37, 56 sq., 95
Otho, St., 172
Oxford movement, 367 Pagani, 82
Paganism, ethics of, 15, 60 sq.; sacraments and mysteries of, 20 sq., 27, 51 sq.; theology of, 21, 27, 62, 77, 137; relation of to Christianity, 25, 33, 36 sq., 51 sq., 60 sq., 67 sq., 75 sq., 78 sq., 85, 89, 107, 140; disestablishment of, 117, 125, 136, 139, 140; persecution of, 124, 136, 137, 139, 169, 170; persistence of, 120, 138, 141, 143, 165, 170
Paine, 288, 301
Palestine, medieval, 218 sq.
Paley, 284
Pan, 37
Paneas, statue at, 184
Pantheism, 210, 354
Pantocrator, the, 93
“Papa,” 52, 175
Papacy, growth of, 81, 90, 138, 168, 174 sq., 177,182; disorders of, 178 sq., 180; hostility to, 177, 180, 181, 182, 189; strength of, 181, 182; revenues of, 181, 182, 220, 229, 255; attitude of to Protestantism, 250, 252; incapable of economic reform, 271–72; present position of, 366
Papias, 83
Paraclete, the, 99, 123
Paraguay, Jesuits in, 294
“Parasites,” 44
Paris, university of, 196; freethought in, 295
——Council of, 177
——Parliament of, 256 Pasagini, 200
Pascal, 286, 292
Paschal controversy, 24 sq.
Paschasius Radbert, 194
Passion-play. See Mystery-play
Passover, the, 7, 22, 23, 24
Pasteur, 316 Pastor, the, of Hermas, 35
Pastors, early Christian, 70 Paterini, 201
Patriarchates, the five, 120, 174, 175 Patripassians, 103
Paul, 2, 3, 4, 28, 29, 61, 64, 70, 81, 92; and Jesus, 4, 11, 24, 32, 92, 102
——of Samosata, 104, 114, 120, 147
——III (Pope), 265
——IV (Pope), 256
Paulicians, the, 181, 198, 199, 201, 203, 239, 242
Pauline epistles, 2–5, 10, 11, 16, 20, 27, 31, 32, 34, 49, 61, 62, 73, 78, 82, 95, 211, 214
——theology, 62, 63
Paulinus, 157, 160
Peasants’ War, 258, 267
Pecock, 267
Pelagius and Pelagianism, 146–47
Pentateuch, 3; influence of, 269; criticism of, 289
Pepin, 176
Persecutions of Christians, 31, 83, 106 sq., 173, 293; of pagans, 24 sq., 135–37, 138, 139, 168–73; of heretics, 119, 121, 135, 144, 146 sq., 194 sq., 197 sq., 202, 204, 226, 246, 256, 263, 269; by Protestants, 269
Persephonê, 55, 56
Persia, religion of, 19, 75, 79; Christianity in, 82, 132, 148, 162
"Persons" of Trinity, 103
Peru, religion of, 110; conquest of, 173, 311
Peter, myth of, 18, 28, 29, 30, 58, 138, 174
——Waldus, 201
——the Hermit, 218, 220 Peter, Gospel of, 19
——Epistles of, 18
Petra, 18
Petrarch, 248
Petrobrussians, 200
Pharisees, 6, 47
Philip II, 232, 254
——the Fair, 223
——of Hesse, 258
Philo, 39, 61, 78, 96
Philosophy, cosmic, 77, 78 sq.; Greek, 60 sq., 78 sq., 85, 158; modern, 195, 282, 283 sq.
Phocas, 155, 176
Phœnician religion, 21, 22, 25, 38, 69
Photinus, 135
Photius, 240–41 Phronesis, 94
Phrygia, cults of, 51–53, 56, 99
Pierce, C. S., 285
Pietism, 298
Pilate, 28
Plato and Platonism, 39, 79, 95, 96, 291
Pliny junior, 108
Plotinus, 85, 291
Plutarch, 85
Poland, conversion of, 171; Reformation in, 257, 268; recaptured by Rome, 262 sq.
Political causation, 41, 63
Polycarp, epistles of, 3; character of, 83
Polygamy, 162
Polytheism, Christian, 138, 141, 151, 162, 185, 187
Pomeranians, conversion of, 172
Pompey, 57 Pontifex Maximus, Christian emperors as, 116, 118, 125, 135
Poor, religious movements of, 5–7, 38, 43, 45; in Christian Church, 71, 83
Pope, the name, 175
Porphyry, 85
Portugal, rationalism in, 295
Poseidon, 37
Positivism, 295
Poverty, ancient and modern, 71–72, 312 —— Christianity and, 162, 207, 312
Praetextatus, 135
Pragmatism, 285
Praxeas, 103, 147
Prayer, ethic of, 62
Prayers for the dead, 72, 147
Preaching, rise of, 70, 87
Predestinarianism, 146, 197, 257
Presbyterianism, 264, 268, 272, 296–97
Presbyters, 16, 45, 70, 71, 83, 87, 90, 120
—— the twenty-four, 16
Priesthood, Christian, morals of, 85, 89; growth of, 87 sq.; avarice of, 116, 126, 134, 155, 167, 181
Priesthoods, ancient wealth of, 69
Priestley, 287
Priscillian, 136, 145
Progress, Christianity and, 159, 238, 320. See Decadence
Propaganda, Catholic College of, 292, 296
Prophets, Christian, 70, 76, 87
Proselytes, Jewish, 20, 34
Proserpine, 55, 56
Protestantism, effects of, on civilization, 265 sq.; later position of, 296 sq.
Protestants, name, 259; movement, 245 sq.; sects of, 266, 277; missions of, 302
Provence, heresy in, 201–202
Prudentius, 157
Prussia, 299
Psalms, the, 290
Psyche, myth of, 33
“Publicans and sinners,” 38, 45, 65
Pulci, 196
Purgatory, 124, 192, 197, 225
Puritanism, 269
Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism, 27, 50
Quadrivium, 232
Quakers, 99, 277, 313
Queen of Heaven, the, 57, 76
Rabelais, 274
Race, theory of, 254
Ram-symbol, 59
Ranke, 271
Rationalism, pagan, 130; modern, rise and growth of, 194 sq., 275 sq., 279 sq.
Ratramnus, 194–95, 225
Raymond of Toulouse, 201 sq.
Readers, 83
Realism, 246
Reformation, the, 193, 245 sq.; political results of, 257 sq.; intellectual results of, 265 sq.
Regiomontanus, 234
Relics, adoration of, 88–89, 164, 185, 186, 192, 225
Religion, conditions of evolution of, 40, 42 sq., 49, 67, 69, 100
Remi, St., 233
Renaissance, the, 182, 196, 224, 234
Renan, 289
Resurrection, myth and doctrine of, 36, 38, 52, 53, 93, 97
Reuchlin, 248 Revelation, Book of, 16, 23, 27, 31
Rhadagast, 142
Rhea-Cybelê, 76
Rhetoric, pagan and Christian, 156
Richard I, 222
Richelieu, 261, 263
Rimini, Council of, 126
Ritual, growth of, 84, 87, 101 sq., 137, 163, 184 sq.
Robert Guiscard, 180
Rock, the Mithraic, 58
—— tomb, the, 36, 58, 60
Roman Empire, 41 sq., 46, 51, 60, 69, 106, 113–14, 166; spread of Christianity in, 81
Rome, pagan cults of, 43, 52, 55–56, 57; pagan priesthoods of, 43, 69; early church of, 81, 83, 174; life of, under Christianity, 164, 178; sack of, 251; aspects of, under Papacy, 271 sq.
—— Church of, 81, 90
Romuald, St., 226
Roscellinus, 195
Royal Society, 281 Ruach, the Hebrew, 152
Russia, conversion of, 171; influence of in Greece, 306 sq.; religion in, 307 sq.
Sabazios, cult of, 56
Sabellius and Sabellianism, 103, 120, 147
Sacæa, the, 38
Sacerdotalism, Christian, 166, 189
Sacraments, pagan, 20 sq., 25, 32, 44, 55; the four Christian, 192; rejection of, 199, 200
Sacrifices, 20 sq., 47, 52, 53
Sadducees, 6, 49
Sagarelli, 200
Saint-Simon, 295
Saints successors of Gods, 138
—— worship of, 185–86, 187, 234
Saladin, 222
Salvation Army, 300
Salvian, 155
Samaritan religion, 6, 8, 27, 29, 92
—— elements in Christianity, 6, 8, 29, 37, 39, 92, 95, 152
Samothracian Gods, 33
Samson, 12, 29
Saracens, science of, 159; arts of, 162; influence of on Europe, 186–87, 196, 199, 201, 221, 229, 232, 233, 315. See Moors and Mohammedanism
Sarpi, 292
Sassanides, the, 133
Satan, 92, 98
Saturn, 21
Saturninus, 92, 93
Saviour-Gods, 10, 12, 29, 31, 51 sq., 57, 60, 77, 102
Savonarola, 212
Saxons, conversion of, 169 sq.
Scandinavia, conversion of, 170 sq.; Protestantism in, 253 sq., 274; rationalism in, 298, 299
Scepticism, ancient, 106
Schiller, Mr., 285
Scholarship, promoted by Church in Renaissance, 235; later revival of, 248 sq.
Schools, pagan and Christian, 158, 183, 248
Science, Greek, 41, 42, 118, 158, 232; revival of, 196–97, 233 sq., 276, 278; and religion, 183, 279, 282, 315 sq.
Scot, Reginald, 270
Scotland, Reformation in, 253, 264, 268, 270, 274, 296
Scribes and Pharisees, 49, 88
“Seal of God,” 27
Sectarianism, Christian, 76, 100, 104, 111, 118, 122, 141, 144, 150, 153, 161, 260, 264, 266, 277, 309
Secular clergy, rise of, 167
Selenus, Bishop, 186
Semelê, 55
Semitic religion, 11–12, 15, 16, 54, 61, 152
Semo, 29
Senate, the Roman, 41
Seneca, 61, 214
Septuagint, 48, 72
Sepulchre, the Holy, 219, 306, 309
Serapis, 35, 57, 106
Sergius, 198
Sermon on the Mount, 7, 15, 65
Servetus, 103, 268, 274
Servia, conversion of, 171
Seven, banquet of, 36
—— angels, 92
—— liberal arts, 232
Seventy-two apostles, myth of, 17
Severus, 107
Shaftesbury, 283, 284
Shakespeare, 13, 275
Shepherd, the Good, 33
Shew-bread, 22
Siam, Jesuits in, 292–93
Sibylline books, 88
Sicily, heresy in, 197; Moslem conquest of, 244
Sigismund III, 262–63
Silenus, 37
Simon, a God-name, 18, 29
Simon de Montfort, 202
—— Magus, 29, 36, 92
—— Richard, 287
Simony, 167, 181
Simplicius, 156
Sixtus V (Pope), 271
Skoptsi, 309
Slavery, 50, 61, 117, 156, 162, 163, 214 sq., 218, 221, 222, 239, 308
Slaves, in early cults, 44, 45, 68; in Christian Church, 68, 83, 117, 214 sq., 218, 221
Slavs, conversion of, 171, 173; invasion of Byzantium by, 241
Smith, Adam, 284, 297
Socialism, 229, 321
Socinus and Socinianism, 268
Sociology, 317
“Son of God,” 21, 35, 36
Sons, sacrifices of, 21, 23, 38 Sophia, 39, 94
Sophists, 70
Sorbonne, the, 256
Sorcery, 225, 227
South African War, 313
Spain, religion in, 144, 145, 146, 161, 173, 176, 187, 294; inquisition in, 229 sq.; ruin of, 230; rationalism in, 295, 319
Spencer, 284, 299
Spinoza, 194, 283, 284, 287
Spires, Diets of, 259
Spirit, the Holy, 35, 37, 99, 123, 152
Stable-birth myth, 37
Stephen, the boy crusader, 221
—— of Hungary, 172
Stercoranism, 225
Stilicho, 142–43
Stoicism, 61, 64, 70, 129, 131, 212, 215
Storch, 258
Strauss, 289, 298
Stundists, 309
Suetonius, 31
Suidas, 241
Sulpicius Severus, 31
Sun-day, 58, 120
Sun-myth, 12, 23, 56
Sun-worship, 50
Superstition, Christian, 84, 101–102, 161, 224 sq., 269 sq.
Supper, Holy. See Eucharist
Sweden, Reformation in, 254
Switzerland, Reformation in, 252, 262, 264, 266, 274, 296–98
Sword, Order of the, 172
Sylvanus, 198
Sylvester II (Pope), 218, 233
Symbols, sacrificial, 23 sq., 190
Synods, 70, 91
Synoptic Gospels, 11
Syria, cults of, 53, 54; Gnostics in, 92
Tabitha and Talitha, 30
Tacitus, 31
Tammuz, 53. See Adonis
Tanquelin, 200
Tatian, 93 Tau, the Hebrew, 27
Tauler, 212 Taurobolium, 59
Tax-gatherers, 65 Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, 17, 19, 48, 65, 66
Templars, the Knights, 207, 221–23
Temple, destruction of, 5
Teresa, St., 188
Tertullian, 64, 68, 81, 84, 85, 99, 100, 107, 110
Tetrads, Gnostic, 94
Tetzel, 249 sq.
Teutonic Knights, 172 Theandrios, 22
Themistius, 133
Theodora, 153
—— (mother of Michael), 240
Theodoric, 144, 174
Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 147
Theodosius the Great, 135 sq., 138, 139, 142, 144, 145, 154, 155, 175, 185
Theodosius II, 158
Theodotus, 103, 104
Theologians, hatred of, 267 Theologos, the, 87
Theophilus of Antioch, 34
Theosophies, ancient, 30
Thirty Years’ War, 260 sq., 298
Thomas Aquinas, 188, 196, 217
—— à Kempis, 211
Thoth, 38, 79
Thrace, heresy in, 198
Thucydides, 159
Tiberius, 109
Tilly, 260, 262
Tiridates, 127
Titans, the, 55
Tithes, 169, 177, 192
Toledo, Council of, 152
Toleration, ideal of, 106, 124, 133, 143, 154, 173, 239
Tolstoy, 308
Tombs, sacred, 76
Torquemada, 230
Torture, use of, 64, 108, 126, 210, 231
Tourguénief, 308 Traditores, 112
Trajan, 108, 164
Transubstantiation, 189, 194, 224, 266
Transylvania, Prince of, 261
Trent, Council of, 272
Triads, Egyptian, 122
Tribonian, 150
Trinity, doctrine of, 17, 97, 102 sq., 122 sq., 135, 181, 188, 195, 284
Trivium, 232
Truce of God, 193
Turks, the, 173, 217, 259, 303 sq., 313
Twelve apostles, myth of, 2, 16–19, 28
Typhon, 19, 56
Ulphilas, 142
Uncleanliness, pious, 206
Underworld, Gods of, 33, 56, 57
Unitarianism, 54, 102, 104, 195, 268, 275, 277, 281, 287, 290, 301, 313. See Arianism
United States, religion in, 264, 295, 300–301, 317
Universities, rise of, 248
Urania, 54
Urban II (Pope), 217
Usury, papal, 181; Jewish, 227
Utilitarianism, Christian, 310, 317
Utopia, 322
Valens, 134, 135, 154, 185
Valentinian, 133–34, 139, 154
—— II, 136, 139
Valentinus, 94
Valerian, 108, 109
Valla, 248
Vandals, the, 143
Van Manen, 5, n.
Vaudois, the, 201, 256
Vedas, 79, 122
Vegetation, symbol of, 7–8; Gods of, 52 sq., 56
Venice, 220
Vergilius, the priest, 196
Verona, Council of, 228
Vesalius, 274
Vespasian, 110
Vico, 292
Victor of Rome, 90
Victory, Goddess of, 115, 135, 139
Vienne and Lyons, churches of, 108
Vigilantius, 146
Vikings, 170
Virgil, 60, 235
Virgin-mother myth, 37, 52, 76, 225, 290
Visigoths, religion of, 143, 161
Vladimir, 171
Voltaire, 282, 287, 320
Vulgate, the, 10
Wafer, the consecrated, 25, 190, 191
Waldenses, 201, 256
Wallenstein, 261, 262
War, Christianity and, 118–27, 204, 258 sq., 267, 309, 313. See Crusades
Washington, 300
Water in sacrament, 23
Wazon of Liège, 201
Wells, sacred, 16
Wends, conversion of, 171
Wesel, John of, 246, 249
Wessel, John, 246, 249
Westphalia, Peace of, 261–62
Whittaker, T., 5 n.
Wiclif, 203, 204, 248
Widow’s son, myth of, 38
Widows in early Church, 71
Wier, John, 270
William of Occam, 229
Wisdom, personification of, 39, 79, 94
Witchcraft mania, 224–47, 269 sq., 311
Women and Christianity, 45, 71, 76, 83, 206, 209, 212, 269, 296
Word, the, 79. See Logos
Xavier, 293
Yahweh, 54, 77, 123
Yeschu, 23
Yischak, 23
York, early Christians at, 82
Zacharias, Pope, 176
Zara, capture of, 220 Zechariah, Book of, 7
Zeller, 298
Zendavesta, 58
Zeno, the emperor, 149
Zenobia, 104
Zeus, 37, 56, 102, 187
Zoa, the four, 76
Zoroaster, 2
Zulus, conquest of, 173
Zurich, 251, 264, 298
Zwingli, 251, 264, 266
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COURSES OF STUDY.
CHAMBERLAIN: A STUDY.
CHARLES BRADLAUGH. By Mrs. Bradlaugh Bonner. Part II. by J. M. R.
CHRISTIANITY AND MYTHOLOGY. (Second Edition.)
PAGAN CHRISTS: Studies in Comparative Hierology. (Second Edition, Revised and Expanded.)
THE MEANING OF LIBERALISM.
THE EVOLUTION OF STATES. (Revised and expanded edition of An Introduction to English Politics.)
RATIONALISM.
THE BACONIAN HERESY.