INDEX
Reading edition
Abbey of St. Armand, 32
Abbots, of Lobbes, 33
Ackerman, 62
Act of Union, 138
Activists, 179
Adorno, Antoniotto di Botta, 134
Aerschot, 172; recaptured, 173 ff.
Africa, 168
Aix, favorite residence of Charles the Great, 12
Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 126
Alamans, 9, 18
Albert, Archduke of Austria, 120
Albert, Count of Bavaria, 69
Albert, King of Belgium, 124
Albert I, 170 ff.; armies of Flanders under King, 181
Alfonso XII, of Spain, 166
Allies, 145 ff., 178
Alost, 24, 39
Alps, 31
Alsace: Count Philip of, 56, 57; house of, from France, 50; principality of, 77; regained independence, 92; Thierry of, 56
Alva, Duke of, Don Luis Alvarez, the Toledo, 109; taxes of, 111
America, commercial dealings with, 132; neutral, 159
Amiénois, 56
Amsterdam, 150
Anarchy, 114
Andreas, Valerius, 123
Anglo-Saxon missionaries, 14
Anjou, Duke of, 117
Antwerp, 10, 44, 60, 110; army base, 172; center of cloth industry, 86; diocese of, 105; fortifications of, 164; largest market of north, 84; lost its commerce, 119; occupied by Dutch, 157; port of, 166, 168; province of, 19, 114, 148; sacked, 113; siege of, 173; treaty of, called “Treaty of the Barriers,” 129
Apostolic Inquisitors, 99
Arab merchants, 37
Architecture, 31 f., 53, 92
Ardennes, 175; hills, 69; peasants of, 49
Aristocracy, 62
Arlon, district of, 157
Armada, Spanish, 104, 118
Armistice, signed, 182
Army, 172 f.; permanent, 100; reinforcement of, 169; of 115,000 men, 171; zone, 175
Army bill, 171
Arnulf, Count, 24
Arras, 14; bishoprics of, 14; charter of, 43; cloth dyeing, 46; diocese of, 105; treaty of, 116
Art: Belgian, 90, 166; and craftsmanship, 91; goldsmith’s, 122; Gothic, 53; Romantic, 53
Artevelde, assassination of Jacques Van, 72; and crafts, 62; Philip, 72
Artillery, heavy, 174
Artistic development, during communes, 53
Artists, Belgian and Italian, 31
Artois, 24, 57, 65, 115, 126
Association internationale africaine, 167
Ath, 47
Athis-sur-Orge, peace of, 65
Atrocities, 175
Auber’s La Muette de Portici, inaugurated Belgian revolt, 153
Austria, enemy of the revolution, 141
Austria-Hungary, 17
Austrian: defeat of, troops, 141; domination, 130, 140; Netherlands, 131, 142, 148; revolution against, 148; rule, 5; tyranny, 141
Autonomy, 74, 80
Bade, Treaty of, 128
Baekelmans, 178
Baesrode, 49
Bailli, 42
Balance of power, European, 131, 140, 159, 161
Baldwin I, Count, 23
Baldwin II, 24
Baldwin V, Count, 24, 57; daughter of, married to William the Conqueror, 24
Baldwin VIII, 50
Baldwin IX, 45, 50
Baltic Sea, 44
Barbarossa, Emperor Frederick, 55
Barcelona, 46
Barriers, Treaty of the, 147
Bastile, fall of, influence on Belgians, 152
Battles, at Aerschot, Haelen, Hauthem, Mons, Sambre, Vilvorde, 172
Bavaria, Emperor Louis of, 70; house of, 75
Beggars, 87
Bel, Jean le, 90
Belgian: animosity against Netherlands, 150; artists, 31; cities, 36, 49; ethnical and linguistic duality of, people, 10; field army, 171; frontiers preserved, 167; genre, 34; independence, 4, 152, 155; nobles, 107; possessions invaded by French, 141; provinces became industrial, 46; republic, 140, 148; revolt against Dutch, 152 f.; seaports, 44; separation of, provinces from Spain, 112; trade and industry, 12 f.; union, 26, 74
Belgians: “Belgae,” of Celtic origin, 4, 8; civilization of, 3; defeated at Louvain and Hasselt, 157; first Queen of, 163; names of, 4, 5; national culture of, 3; parents of escaped, fined or imprisoned, 177
Belgiojoso, Count Giovanni Giacomo di, 134
Belgium: accepted Roman rule, 8; annexed by France, 142; arena militaire of Europe; artistic life of, 31; bilingualism of, 10; built first railway on Continent, 164; development of communes in, 42; founder of, 76; heathen until eighth century, 14; independent, 21, 145, 154 f., 163; invaded by Prince of Orange, 110; kept from European turmoil, 164; map of, 164; no political unity in, 25; occupied by French, 141; occupied by Germans, 175; passage through, asked, 170; permanently neutral, 159; political secularization of, 135; reconquest of, 117; religious life in, 28; ruled from Madrid, 94; secession from Holland, 117; separate state since 1588, 5; separated during Middle Ages, 17; stripped of products, 180; territorial losses, 125; united with Holland under Kingdom of the Netherlands, 145, 149; unity of, 76
Benedictine rule, 26
Benedictines, 28
Beneficium, 19
Bergeyck, Count of, 128
Berlin, 179
von Beseler, 173 f.
Béthune, city of, 65; Count Robert of, 65
Bibliography, 183
Binche, 47
Bishoprics, of Arras, Boulogne, Cambrai, Tournai, 14, 34
Bishops: Amandus, Eligius, Hubert, Lambert, 14; of Ghent, 151; guardians of the faith, 105; leaders, 176; literary movement developed by Lotharingian, 31; of Noyon-Tournai, of Arras, and Terouanne, 23; servants of empire no longer, 22; work of missionaries completed by, 14.
Bismarck, 161
von Bissing, 178
Boendale, Jan, 89
Bois-le-Duc, 105
Bollandists, Society of, 136
Boniface VIII, Pope, 64
Borms, 179
Bossche, Peter Vanden, 72
Bouillon, lord of, 95
Boulogne, 29
Bourgeois, 36
Bouts, Thierry, 91
Bouvines, victory of, 58
Brabançonne, the national anthem, 153
Brabant: Antoine, Duke of, 75; Duke of, 41, 66; Duke of, became Leopold II, 165; Duke of resisted French influence, 58; leader in struggle against Spain, 116; victory of, 60
Brabant, Duchess Jeanne of, 75
Brabant, duchy of, 8, 19, 33; agricultural, 39; under Austria, 130; cloth industry in, 46; communes in, 43; enemy of Limburg, 20; Joyeuse Entrée of, 66, 137; leading power, 58; led struggle against Spain, 61; new name in history, 22; political center, 25; province of, 19, 50; revolution of 1789, 152
Brabantine Revolution, 137
Brabantsche Yeesten, 89
Breda, 112
Bremen, 30
“Brethren of Common Life,” 89
Broglie, de, Monsignor, 151
Brogne, St. Gerard of, 27
Brogueville, Baron Charles de, 170
Bruges: cloth industry of, 46; commercial metropolis, 44; crowded market-place, 45; diocese of, 105; financial center, 45, 85; la “morte,” 86; meeting-place for merchants, 37; revolt in, 80; road between Cologne and, 43 f.; town hall of, 54; wool market, 84
Bruno, duke of Lotharingia, 21
Brussels, 39, 46, 60, 138; attack on, by Prince Frederick, 152; Geographical Conference, 167; German minister to, presented ultimatum, 170 f.; railway to Malines, 164
Buffer state, 145
von Bülow, 172
Burgers, 36
Burgesses, 36, 40, 47, 69, 135, 143
Burgomasters, 176 f.
Burgundians, 11
Burgundy: duchy of, 92; dukes of, 72-74 ff., 78, 92; house of, 75; Philip the Bold, duke of, 75; religious reform originated in French, 27
Caesar, Julius: attacked the Belgians, 8
Cahors, 45
Calais, 174
Calvinists, 107, 110 f., 114
Cambrai, 14, 19, 95; archbishopric of, 105; and Cambrésis acquired by France, 126; commune established in, 42; school of, 34; wharves at, 37
Campine, 9, 28, 49, 143
Campo Formio, treaty of, 142
Canal: connecting Bruges and Damme, 45; from Mons to Condé, 172
Canals, 30
Canche River, 24
Cantilène de Ste. Eulalie, oldest poem of French literature, 33
Capetians, 70
Carmelites, 122
Castlereagh, Lord, 148
Castles, 39
Castra, 39
Casus, belli, 164
Cathedrals, 31 f.
Catholic church, 97; faith, 15, 102; followers persecuted, 142; League, 118; worship restored, 143
Catholics and Liberals, in power, 164; union of, 152
Cattle-raising, 31
Cavell, Edith, murder of, 176
Centralization, political, 4
Champagne, 30, 50
Charles the Bold, 76; death of, 92
Charles the Great: at Aix, 12; death of, 17; heirs of, 19; most famous of Carolingians, 12; reign of, 4; soldier and legislator, 13
Charles II, 128
Charles V, 94 ff., 131, 139, 146, 165
Charles VI, 131 f.
Charles VIII, of France, 94
Charles X, fall of, 152
Charlotte, Princess of England, 155
Charlotte, wife of Archduke Maximilian, 163
Charte de Commune, 41
Charter: of Arras, 43; municipal, 43
Chastelain, 90
Chatillon, Jacques de, 63
Chemical products, 180
Chokier, Surlet de, president of provisional government, 155
Christian religion, introduction of, 13, 14
Christus, Peter, of Brabant, 91
Church: of Cologne, 14; of Rheims, 14; feudal, 28
Churchill, 173
“Circles,” 96
Cistercians, 28, 50
Cities, free, 36; glory of Belgian, 54; originated in Middle Ages, 39; special privileges granted, 42
Civil war, 17, 62
Civilians, deportation of, 176
Civilization, of Belgium, 35; centers of, 39; French, 33; and German, 35
Civitates, 39
Clauwerts, 63
Clergy, 81
Clodion: belonged to dynasty of Merovingians, 12; first king of Franks, 11
Clodovech: baptism of, 14
Cloth industry, 46, 69, 70, 83 f.
Clubs, political, 142; interference of French, 153
Cluny, monks of, 28; Reform of, 27
Coal, 180
Coalition, against French king, 58; European, 141
Cod fishing, 31
Code Napoléon, 144
Coins, Belgian imitated, 46; of Counts of Flanders, 37
Colenbrander, H., 6
Coligny, 110
Colleges, opened, 122
Collieries and ironworks, 47
Cologne, 14; archbishop of, 60; archbishopric of, 21; political decline of archbishops of, 60; road from, to Bruges, 39, 43, 44
Comines, Philip de, historian, 77
Commerce, 45
Commercial, highroad between Rhine and sea, 59; relations between Flanders and England, 46; road controlled by dukes, 60
Commission for Relief in Belgium, 180
Committee of Regency, 153
Communes, defeated French, 63 f.; Flemish and Walloon, 43; political conditions under, 49; rights of, 42; rise of, 4, 36-41, 93; “Time of the,” 36, 55
Compagnie d’Ostende, 132
Concordat, 143
Condé, 172
Conference, of London, 156; of the powers, 154
Congo, 168
Congress, Belgian, 155; of confederation, 139
Coninck, Peter de, 63
Conscription, military, 142
Conspiracy of nobles, 128
Constitution, of Belgian principalities, 79; for cities, 43; of independent Belgium, 154; proposed of United Kingdom, 150
Constitutional monarchy, 154
Consulta, 106
Convents, 39
Copper, 38, 68, 180 Cortemberg, Council of, 66
Cotton, 180
Council of Blood, 110, 112
Council for Flanders, 179
Council of State, 106; members arrested, 113
Counts: of Alsace, 43; of Flanders, free exchange policy of, 45; protectors of communes, 42
Coursèle, 123
Courtrai, 63; basilica of, 64; defeat of patricians at, 65
Coutereel, Peter, 62
Craft-guilds, 90, 135
Craftsmen, 39, 62, 65, 68
Crécy, battle of, 68
Crusaders, 33, 57
Culture, Belgian, 92; French, 50; literary and scientific, 33; of Jesuits, 136; of neighbors, 35
Daelhem, 125
D’Alton, General, 137
Damme, 45
Dampierre, Guy de, 50, 61, 62; Louis of Male, last of family of, 72
Defense, national, 168
Dante, 45
D’Avesnes, dynasty of, 61, 68
“Day of revenge,” 181
Defenders, of Belgium, 173
Democratic régime, 62
Denmark, 25; coins of Flanders found in, 37; King of, 26
De Potter, 154
Deventer, 105
De Witt, 147
Dijon, sculptures of, 91
Dinanderie, 47
Dinant, city of, 47; communal privileges for, 42; mines near, 38; river wharves at, 37; sacked by Charles the Bold, 77
Dinant, Henry of, 62
Disraeli, 161, 167
Dissension, between Flemings and Walloons, 179
Divina Commedia, 45
Dixmude, 174
Don Juan, died at Bouges, 141; married to daughter of Maximilian, 94; Spanish governor, 115
Don Luis de Requesens, 112
Donatello, 91
Douai, 29, 38, 46, 65
Drusius, abbot of Parc, 122
Dumouriez, General, 141
Dunkirk, coast of, 162; threatened, 174
“Dutch arithmetic,” 151; Dutch King, 156
Dutch rule, 4, 145 ff.
Dyeing, art of, 46
Dykes, 30
Ebro River, 12
Écarlate, 46
Échevinage, 41, 47, 136
Échevins, 42, 88
Edicts of Tolerance, 135
Édit perpetual, 122
Edward III, of England, 70; invited emigration, 73
Egmont, Count of, 106, 109
Egypt, 166
Eighteen Articles, 156
Elbe, the river, 12
Elizabeth: of Bohemia, 68; of Gorlitz, 75; queen of England, 101
Emmich, General von, 171
Emperor, of Constantinople, 57; German, 56, 57; Napoleon, 143
Empire, 95
Encyclopaedists, 134
England: ally of Flanders, 57; borders on Belgium, 13; Catholicism in, 14; conquest of, by Normans, 25; copper and tin exported to, 38; diplomatic relations between Flanders and, 25; influence of, 26; trade relations of, with Bruges, 45; visited by Leopold II, 166
English Merchant Adventurers, 86
Ensor, Belgium, 126, 152
Ermengard, Countess, of Limburg, death of, 59
Escurial, the, 103
“Etappengebiet,” 175
Eugen IV, Pope, 92
Eugenics, Congress for, 167
Everachar, Saxon bishop, 33
Exchange, first in Europe, 87; free, 45
Expansion, commercial and colonial, 165 f.
Factories, 180
Fairs, and yearly markets, 38; of Antwerp, 87; of Champagne, 50
von Falkenhausen, 181
Familiae, 29
Farnese, Alexander, 116, 118
Fauquemont, 125; lords of, 60
Febronianism, 134
Ferrand, Count, 57, 58
Feudal church, 28
Feudalism, period of, 4; absence of political unity consequence of, 19; Hainaut the last refuge of, 69; new political organization, 20; régime of, broken, 44; tyranny of, 36
Fexhe, Peace of, 65
Figs, party of, 137
Fines, 178
Firing-line, 176, 181
Fishing, 31
Flag, Belgian, 153, 166
Flämingdörfer, 30
“Flamingants,” 179
Flanders: annexation of Walloon, by France, 46; artistic center of Belgium, 32; under Austria, 130; belonging to France, 18; communes of, 43; counts of, 30, 37; in diplomatic relations with England, 125; enjoyed friendly relations with Cambrai and Hainaut, 20; French literary influence in, 34; front offensive on, 181; homogeneous territory, 20; liberated from French influence, 64; maritime, 53; name applied during Spanish rule, 5; people of Walloon and Flemish, 33; politically united body, 19; in power of Franks, 10; powerful, 56; religious reform in, 27; retreat through, 173; revolt of, 143; revolt in West, 164; seat of cloth industry, 38; subjection of, 58; in touch with Arab merchants, 37; trying to escape from influence of France, 26; vassal of French king, 20; William the Conqueror hostile to, 26
Flemings, 30, 37; descendants of Franks, 11; Lotharingia included, 18; party of, 179
Flemish, 33, 50; literature, 51, 52; university, 179
Fleur-de-lis, 63
Fleurus, battle of, 141
Florence, 45
Fontanet, battle of, 17
Formation, period of, 8
Fortification, system of, 168 f.
Fortresses, Dutch garrisons in Belgian, 132; at Liège and Namur, 168
Four Métiers, 24
Franc tireurs, 174
France, 13, 17, 23, 26; copper and tin exported to, 38
Franche-Comté, 77, 92, 126
Francis I, French king, 95; son of, 146
Franck, 178
Franco-German War, 161, 167
Franks, 18; Clodion, first king of, 11, 15; conquest by, 10; devastated Gaul, 9; Flemings descendants of, 11; invasion of, 5; Northern Belgium occupied by, 10
Frederick III, German Emperor, 76, 92
Frederick, Prince of Holland, attack on Brussels by, 153; defeat of, 154
Frederick William, Elector, of Prussia, 148
Freedom, personal and collective, 36; of worship, of the press, of association, of educational teaching, to taxpayers, 154
French, civilization, 33; domination ended, 144; in Flanders and Brabant, 50; influence, 33; language, 50, 88; régime, the, 4, 144 ff.; repulsed Dutch, 157; Revolution, 140
French, Sir John, 174
Friesland, seigneurie of, 75; annexed, 95
Frisians, 18
Froissart, Jean, 67, 90
Garigliano River, 12
Gascony, 45
Gaul, 9
Gauls, 1, 8
Gendebein, 154 f.
Genoa, 45
Genre, historical, 51; didactical, 52
German, architects, 31; garrisons occupied cities, 177; invaders, 170; Lotharingian bishops of, descent, 31; secret police, 178
Germanic ideas, 31
Germany, 13, 25, 30; culture of, 56
Gérard, Balthazar, 117, 157
Gerard, Bishop, 42
Gette, River, 171
Ghent: belfry of, 37; Calvinistic republic, 114; center of commerce, 44; cloth industry in, 46; diocese of, 105; pacification of, 113, 115; revolt in, 80; road through, 39; wharves at, 37
Ghiberti, 91
Gibraltar, straits of, 44
Giovanni, 31
Goddess of Reason, 142
Godefrid, the Bearded, 27; of Bouillon, 33
Golden Fleece, order of the, 81; approved placarts, 97
Golden Spurs, battle of the, 41, 64
von der Goltz, General, 175
Gothic architecture, 92
Grand Council, 78, 93
“Grand Privilege,” 88, 93
Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de, Cardinal, 104, 106, 108
Greece, 166
Greek, teaching, 122
Groeninghe, 63
Groninge, 95, 105
Groote, Gerard de, 89
Gudelin, 123
Gueldre, Duke of, 95
Guiana, French, Catholics deported to, 142
Guilds, 40
Guns, 30.5-centimeter and 42.0-centimeter, 171
Haelen, 172
Haerlem, 105
Hague Convention, 129, 160
Hague, Treaty of the, 140
Hainaut, 8, 10, 20; agricultural center, 47; under Austria, 130; center of political life, 25; clearing forests of, 49; Count of, 55, 57, 165; county of, 19, 68, 75; house of, 22; princess of, 24
Hansa, 73, 86; of London, 46
Hanseatic, Association, 47; cities, 45
Hapsburg, house of, 93, 128 ff., 141
Hauthem, 172
Havre, Belgian government at, 176
Hegemony, in Europe, 55, 58, 64, 95
Henry I, Duke of Brabant, 58; reign of, 59
Henry III, French king, 117
Henry IV, 118
Heresy, 97, 108
Heretics, 109
Historians, 2, 52, 90, 116 note, 183
History: beginning of Belgian, as independent kingdom, 1; communes in, 44; from fifth century, 2; genre in literature, 34; includes history of Liège, 6; influence of ethnical and linguistic duality on, 2; of northern provinces, 5; periods of Belgian, 4; Henri Pirenne’s, 2; political, 21; political, of Europe, 101; under Spanish rule, 94; unity of, 2; of wars, 126; writings of Van Maerlandt on, 52
Holland, 6, 13, 17, 20, 68; adopted constitution, 150; county of, 75; fought against Gueldre, 20; friendly toward Cleves, 20; united with Belgium, Kingdom of Netherlands, 145; United Provinces, 102, 118
Holstein, 30
d’Hoogvorst, Baron, 154
Hoover, 180
Horn, Count of, 106, 109
Hôtel de Ville, 153
Howell, James, 126
von Huehne, General, 181
Huguenots, French, 110
Hundred Years’ War, 74
Huns, invasion of country of Teutons, 9, 19
Huy: charter of freedom for, 42; mines near, 38; river wharves at, 37
Independence, period of national, 4, 155; seventy-fifth anniversary of Belgian, 168
Institutions, ancient, abolished, 142
International law, authorities on: De Boeck, Descamps, Hagerup, Blüntschli, 160
Invaders, 172 ff.
Invasion, by Germans, 174
Investitures, Struggle for the, 28
Isabella, and Archduke Albert, 121
Italy, 9, 17, 166
Jacqueline, of Bavaria, 75
Jeanne, Spanish infanta, 94
Jemappes, victory of, 141
Jenneval, 153
Jerusalem, 166
Jesuits, 122
Jodoigne, 60
John, Duke of Luxemburg, 68
John I, Duke of Brabant, 59, 60
John I, of England, 58
John IV, 75
Joly, 154
Jordaens, 122
Joseph II, 132, 136, 141, 147
Jourdain, 178
Joyeuse Entrée of Brabant, 66, 137, 154
Juarez, 163
Juntas, 127
Jura Mountains, 18
Keure, 41
King, first, of the Belgians, 163 ff.
von Kluck, 171 f.
Kreischef, 175
Kurth, G., 5, 127
Lalaing, Count of, 116
Languages: French and Flemish, 49; Romance and Teutonic, 32; known by abbots, 33
Latin: culture and civilization, 10, 26; customs, language, 9, 50, 51; language of diplomacy, 88; manners, 9; teaching of, 122
Layens, Mathieu de, 82, 92
Léau, 39, 45
Le Bruxellois, 178
Le Cateau, 172
L’Ecluse, French fleet destroyed at, 71
Leeuwarden, diocese of, 105
Leliaerts, 63
Leman, General, 171
Leopold I, 158; married Louise-Marie, daughter of Louis-Philippe, 163; strong influence, 164
Leopold II, 140, 163, 165 ff.
Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Goburg-Gotha, 155
Le Patriote, 178
Liberals, and Catholics united, 152; in power, 164
Liberty of conscience, 108
“Libre Belgique,” 178
Libri, editor, 153
Liège: center of literary life in Lotharingia, 33; city of, 39, 42, 47, 51, 77; civilization and institutions of, 6; defended, 171; ecclesiastical principality, 19; liberty of, 65, 92; occupied by French, 141; occupied by Germans, 171; palace of bishop-princes at, 127; not a part of the Netherlands, 6; in power of Franks, 10; principality of, 6, 59; resistance of, 172; revolt of, 141; river wharves at, 37; St. James’s Church at, 31
Lille, 38, 65
Limburg, 10, 59; annexed by Brabant, 60; under Austria, 130; county of, 19; divided, 125; enemy of Brabant, 20; people of, 33
Linen, manufactured in Flanders, 38; under “Saisie,” 180
Lion of Flanders, 62
Lipsius, Justus, 123
Literary influence, French rather than German, 34
Lombardy, 45
Loncin, fort of, 171
London, 37
Lorraine: Reform of Cluny originated in, 27; regained independence, 92; taken by Charles the Bold, 77
Lotharingia, 1-5, 18; annexed to Germany, 18, 20, 21; in contact with France and England, 56; destruction of German influence in, 28, 33; Duke of, 21, 27; influence of German Empire in, 25; religious reform in, 27
Lotharius, eldest son of Emperor Louis, 17; death of, 18
Lotharius II, 18
Louis, Emperor, son of Charles the Great, 17
Louis of Male, 72
Louis of Nevers, 72
Louis-Philippe, son of, 155
Louis XI, King of France, 76, 92
Louis XIV, 125
Louise, of Orléans, 156; Marie, 163
Louvain, 22, 39, 41, 60, 172; town hall of, 82; University of, 75
Ludendorff, 171
Ludwigslied, 33
Luther, Martin, 97
Lutherans, 107, 110
Luxemburg: agricultural region, 47; under Austria, 130; city of, 51; Count of, 60; duchy of, 19; famous for princes, 68; on friendly terms with Namur, 20; house of, 75; population, 67; revolt of peasants, 143
Lys, River, 13
Machines and machine tools, taken by Germans, 180
Madrid, 109
Maestricht, 29; river wharves at, 37; road through, 39; sovereignty over, 125; town of, 156
Mainz, Cathedral of, 31
Malines: archbishopric of, 105; city of, 39; rivaled Flemish cities, 46; railway to Brussels, 164
Marck, Adolf de la, 65; family of, 95
Margareta, Duchess of Parma, 103, 106
Maria, of Hungary, 146
Maria Theresa, empress, 132; heirs of, 165
Marie-Henriette, of Austria, 165
“Marine-gebiet,” coast defense, 175
Marmion, Simon, of Valenciennes, 91
Marne, 173
Marseilles, 46
Martens, Thierry, of Alost, 89
Martin V, Pope, 92
Martyrdom, 181
Mary, of Burgundy, 92
“Master of Flémalle,” 91
Mathias, Archduke, 114
“Matins of Bruges, The,” Matines brugeoises, 63
Max, mayor of capital, 176
Maximilian of Hapsburg, 93, 163
Mazarin, Cardinal, 146
Mediterranean, 44
Meerssen, Treaty of, 18
Meix-devant-Virton, 127
Mercatores, 42
Mercenaries, 127
Merchants, 37, 38; foreign, 85; privileges granted to, 45
Mercier, Cardinal, 176, 181
Merode, Count Felix de, 154
Messines, 38
Metal industry, 38
Metals, 180
Meuse, 31, 32, 37, 68; cities in valley of, 47; industry in valley of Upper, 38; trade by, 39
Mexico, Emperor, of Maximilian, 163
Michel, General, 172
Middelburg, diocese of, 105
Middelkerke, 49
Military service, 43
Mines, copper and tin, 38
Ministeriales, 30
Monks, 32; Cistercian, 48; not citizens, 47
Mons, 29, 47, 172; battle of, 172
Mons-en-Pevèle, battle of, 64
Monstrelet, 90
Mountainous region, 38
Municipal movement, 43
Munitions, 180
Munster, Treaty of, 125, 132
Music, 91
Namur: agricultural region, 47; annexed by Flanders, 61; atrocities committed at, 175; under Austria; county of, 19; diocese of, 105; fortress of, fall of, 172; on good terms with Hainaut and Luxemburg, 20
Nancy, battle of, 78, 92
Napoleon I, 143; fall of, 144; defeat at Waterloo, 150
Napoleon III, 163 f.
Napoleonic system, suppressed, 169
Nassau, Maurice of, 121
National Convention, French, 142
National debt, 156
“Nations,” 85
Nemours, duke of, 155
Netherlands, 20, 96; in art, 91; Austrian, 131, 142, 148; history of, 36; Kingdom of, 145; lack of sympathy between, and Belgium, 150; Protestantism in, 97; provinces of, 5; revolt of, against Spain, 101
Neutral territory, 145 ff., 156, 158
Neutrality, of Belgium, 158, 161; preserved, 167; violated, 162
Nieuport, battle of, 121, 174
Nimègue, treaty of, 126
Nivelles, 60
Noblemen, 36, 59, 105, 143
Norbertins, 28
Normandy, Duke of, 24, 25; trade with Bruges, 45
Normans, conquest by, 25, 26; Flemish troops took part in, 25; invasion of, 37
North Sea, 18, 44
Nuncio, Bentivoglio, 126 note
Nuncio Caraffa, 122
Nuncio of Cologne, abolished, 135
Ockeghem, Jan, 91
Octrois, abolished, 164
Oléron, island of, 142
Ommelanden, 95
Orange, Prince of, 106, 110, 113; assassinated, 117; Belgian provinces under, 149
Orient, 44; cloth exported to, 46
Ostend, 121
“Osterlings,” 45, 85
Otto I, reign of Emperor, 21; iron policy of, 23; of Brunswick, 58; von Freising, 33
Overyssel, the, 95
Painters, 31, 91
Painting, 90; Flemish school of, 122
Palestine, 166
Palmerston, Lord, 155
Paris, 12; agents from, to Belgian cities, 58; banking houses of, 46
Parliament, 150
Parliament of Malines, 78, 93
Parma, Ottavia Farnese, Duke of, 104
Pasture, Roger de la, 90
Patricians, party of, 62, 63, 69
Patriotism, 176
Patriots, party of, 137
Peace, 150, 167; of Athis-sur-Orge, 65
Peasant-farmers, 36; free, 48, 49
Peckius, 123
Peppin, 12; founder of Carolingians, 12
Perez, 123
Permanent impost, 100
Personal service, 169
Petit, Gabrielle, 178
Philip August, 56, 57
Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, 75
Philip of Bourbon, 128
Philip, Count, of Alsace, 56, 57
Philip the Good, 75, 83
Philip, the Fair, 61, 93, 94; invaded Flanders, 63
Philip II, 99; of Spain, King of Netherlands, 100 ff.
Philip IV, of France, 41
Philip de Saint-Pol, 75
Philippe, Count of Flanders, 163
Physiocrats, 134
Picard, Romance literature written in, 51
Picardy, 30, 92
Pirenne, Henri, 2
Placarts, 97 ff., 107
Place du Sablon, 111
Place Royal, Prince Frederick stopped by Belgian Volunteers, 153
Poésie bourgeoise, 51
Poitou, 45
“Polders,” 38, 48, 83
Political: conditions, 23, 26; hegemony, 50; tendencies, 68
Politics, 56
Population, 47
Pragmatic Sanction, 131 f.
Premontrés, 28
Prés, Josquin de, 91
Priests, 36
Printing, 89
“Prix du Roi,” 167
Protectorate, 147
Protestant, 150
Protestantism, 97, 102
Provence, trade with Bruges, 45
Provisional government, 154
Prussia, coins of Flanders in, 37; expedition against, 69
Puteanus, Erycius, 123
Pyrenees, 8; treaty of, 126
Queretaro, 163
Raab, 12
Railway, Belgium built first on the Continent, 164
Rastadt, treaty of, 128
Rathenau, Walther, 180
Ré, island of, 142
Reconstruction, 121
Referendum, 142
Reform, of civil and criminal law, 122
Religious conditions, 26
Renaud, of Gueldre, 60
Republic, 8
Republique des États Belgiques unis, 138 f.
Revival of trade, 36
Revolt: of 1566, 110; of 1830, 145
Revolution of 1830, 4
Rhine, 22, 23, 59; princes from left bank of, 5; traffic between, and Bruges, 59
Richelieu, Cardinal, 125, 146
Rinehart the Fox, 51
Ripuarians, 10
Risquons-Tout, 164
Rivers, 13; wharves and winter quarters established, 37
Rixensart, 49
Robber barons, 67
Rodolphe, Emperor, 114
Rogier, Charles, 153 f.
Rolduc, 125
Roman army, 8
Romance, basilica, 32; ideas, 31; literary movement, 14, 51; occupation, 4
Rubens, Peter Paul, 122
Ruremonde, 105
Russia, coins oi Flanders in, 37
St. Amand, Abbey of, 32
St. Gerard, of Brogne, 26
Saint Gudula, church of, 47, 53
Saint Jean d’Acre, siege of, 57
St. John’s church, at Ghent, 53
Saint Just, monastery of, 100
St. Lambert, school of, 34
St. Mary, school of, 34
Saint Omer, 29; diocese of, 105
St. Servatius, 14
Saint-Trond, 39, 46; city of, 47; freedom of, 42
“Saisie,” 180
Salians, 10
Sambre River, 68, 172; battle of, 172
“Sans-culottes,” 142
von Sauberzweig, 176
Scheldt, the River, 13, 17, 18, 22, 24, 32, 110; attempted opening of, 133, 147; commercial intercourse with Thames, 37; freed from Dutch control, 143; inundations of, 86; tolls of the, 164; trade by, 39
Schepenbank, 41
von Schroeder, Admiral, 175
Science, 166
Scientists, Belgian, 167
Sculptors, 31
Sculpture, 90; of Dijon, 91
Sedan, 167; lord of, 95
Senate, Belgian, 165 f.
Separation, of Belgium and Holland, 153
“Serfs,” 29, 37, 48
Seventeen Provinces, 95 f., 112
Sheep-raising, 38
Sienna, 45
Sigebert, of Gembloux, historical work, 34
Silesia, 30
Sluter, Claus, 90
Social welfare, 167
Somme, cities of the, 92
Spain: Leopold II visited, 166; trade with Bruges, 45
“Spanish Fury,” 113
Spanish Inquisition, 104 f.
Spanish rule, 4, 108 ff., 124, 125 ff., 146
Speyer, cathedral of, 31
Spinola, General, 121
States-General, 82; declaration of, 147; met in Brussels, 97, 107, 113
Stone, of Tournai, famous, 32
Struggle for the Investitures, 28, 55
Sunt, the, 44
Switzerland, 166
Sylva Carbonaria, 10, 11
Taxes: of Alva, 111; freedom to those who paid, 154; octrois abolished, 164
Teniers, painter, 122
Termonde, 175
Térouanne (later Saint-Omer) 38, 95
Territory, loss of, 156, 157
Terrorizing, 175
Teutonic, 10; “barbarism,” 33
Teutons, 9
Theology, 136
Thourout, 38
Thuringia, 30
Tin, 38
Tirage au sort, le, 169
Tirlemont, 60
Tolls, of the Scheldt, 164
Tongers, oldest bishop of Belgium in, 13; Romanized, 9
Tournai: annexed by Charles V. 95; artistic and religious capital of Flanders, 32, 53; campaign of conquest from, Clodovech started, 11; cathedral of, 32, 53; conquered by Clodion, 11; diocese of, 105; intellectual center, 34; local school of sculptors at, 32, 53; procession of, 27; stone of, famous, 32, 53; vainly besieged by Anglo-Flemish, 71
Tournaisis, 95
Town hall, 54; of Brussels, 92, 138; of Louvain, 82, 92; of Antwerp, 110
Trade and industry, 36, 38, 39, 44, 73, 123
Treaties: Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 126; of April 19, 1839, quintuple, 162-68; of Arras, 116; of Bade, 128; of the Barriers, 129 ff., 147; of Campo Formio, 142; with Flanders and Liège, 66; of France and Holland against Spain, 146; of the Hague (1790), 140; for independence of Belgium, 158; of London, 157 f., 163; of Meerssen, 18; of Nimégue, 126; of the Twenty-four Articles, 157; of Utrecht, 128; of Verdun, 17, 23, 24; of Verdun in 879, Second, 18; of 1870, 162
Treaty, draft, published by Bismarck, 161; placing neutral zones, 159
Tribunal of the XXII, 66
Truce, for 12 years, 121
Tulden, 123
Turks, Count of Flanders in crusade against, 25
Twenty-four Articles, Treaty of the, 157
United Kingdom of the Netherlands, national debt of, 156
University of Louvain, founded by John IV, 75, 84, 92, 111, 119, 122 f., 136; Philosophic College at, 152
Utrecht, 20; archbishopric of, 105; bishopric of, 95; treaty of, 128; Union of, 117
Valenciennes, river wharves at, 37; revolt at, 69
Valois, 56, 70; King Philip of, 70
Van Artevelde, Jacques, 70
Van Craesbeke, councilor of Brabant, 122
Van de Weyer, 154 f.
Van der Goes, Hugo, 91
Van der Noot, 137, 141
Van der Weyden, 90 f.
Van Dyck, 122
Van Eyck, Hubert, 90 f.; Jan, 90 f.
Van Hoogendorp, Count Charles, 149
Van Maenen, minister, of William I, 153
Van Maerlandt, Jacob, 52, 88
Van Ruysbroeck, Jan, 89
Van Veldeke, Hendrik, 52
Van Wassenhove, Juste, of Ghent, 91
Venice, 45, 46
Verdun, Treaty of, 17, 23, 24; Second Treaty of, in 879, 18; cut Belgium in two parts, 17
Vermandois, 30, 56
Vernuleus, Nicholas, 123
Verviers, town of, 85
“Verwaltung,” for Flanders, 179
Victoria, Queen of England, 158, 163
Vienna, Congress of, 145
Visitation, system of, 122
Visscher, Ch. de, 158
Vonck, 137, 141
Waes, 52
Wales, 11
Wallony, 179
Walloon-Flanders, 24, 65
Walloon monks, 32; spoke Flemish and French, 33
Walloons, 11, 15, 30, 115
War: against northern provinces, 120; of the civilians, 174; with France, 95, 155; Franco-German, 167; franc-tireur, 175; levy, 181; not possible without consent of communes, 44; on own soil, 126; of the Peasants, 143; right to make, 161; of the Spanish Succession, 128; spoils, 173
Warfare, trench, 174
Waxweiler, 158
Wealth, 181
Wellington, Duke of, 149
Westphalia, Treaty of, 131
William the Conqueror, 25, 26, 37
William, Count, 69
William I, Dutch King, 150, 153
William I, of Prussia, 166
William II, German Emperor, 166
William III, of Netherlands, 166
William the Silent, 110; declared himself Calvinist, 115
Wool cloths, 38; industry, 38; importers, 46; insufficient English supply, 47; from Spain and Navarre, 47; under “saisie,” 180
Worms, Cathedral of, 31
Worringen, battle of, 60
Würtemberg, Duke of, 174
Yoens, 62
Ypres, 38, 46; diocese of, 105; hall of, 54, 55; ruin of, 84; strip of country containing, 174
Yser, defended, 173 f.; king and queen with troops on, 176; trenches on the, 177; troops of the, 182
Zeeland, country of, 75; islands of, 24; Prince of Orange in control of, 112
“Zivilverwaltung,” 175
Zutphen, 77
Zwyn, river, 37