WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Reading edition
TROY WEIGHT.
24 grains = 1 dwt.
20 dwts. = 1 ounce.
12 ounces = 1 pound.
Used for weighing gold, silver, and jewels.
APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT.
20 grains = 1 scruple.
3 scruples = 1 dram.
8 drams = 1 ounce.
12 ounces = 1 pound.
The ounce and pound in this are the same as in Troy weight.
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
27¹¹/₃₂ grains = 1 dram.
16 drams = 1 ounce.
16 ounces = 1 pound.
25 pounds = 1 quarter.
4 quarters = 1 cwt.
2000 lbs. = 1 short ton.
2240 lbs. = 1 long ton.
DRY MEASURE.
2 pints = 1 quart.
8 quarts = 1 peck.
4 pecks = 1 bushel.
36 bushels = 1 chaldron.
LIQUID MEASURE.
4 gills = 1 pint.
2 pints = 1 quart.
4 quarts = 1 gallon.
31⅓ gallons = 1 barrel.
2 barrels = 1 hogshead.
TIME MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute.
60 minutes = 1 hour.
24 hours = 1 day.
7 days = 1 week.
28, 29, 30, or 31 days = 1 calendar month
(30 days = 1 month in computing interest).
365 days = 1 year.
366 days = 1 leap year.
CIRCULAR MEASURE.
60 seconds = 1 minute.
60 minutes = 1 degree.
30 degrees = 1 sign.
90 degrees = 1 quadrant.
4 quadrants = 12 signs, or 360 degrees = 1 circle.
LONG MEASURE.
12 inches = 1 foot.
3 feet = 1 yard.
5½ yards = 1 rod.
40 rods = 1 furlong.
8 furlongs = 1 statute mile.
3 miles = 1 league.
CLOTH MEASURE.
2¼ inches = 1 nail.
4 nails = 1 quarter.
4 quarters = 1 yard.
MARINERS’ MEASURE.
6 feet = 1 fathom.
20 fathoms = 1 cable length.
7½ ca. lgth. = 1 mile.
5280 feet = 1 stat. mile.
6085 feet = 1 naut. mile.
MISCELLANEOUS.
3 inches = 1 palm.
4 inches = 1 hand.
6 inches = 1 span.
18 inches = 1 cubit.
21.8 in. = 1 Bible cubit.
2½ feet = 1 military pace.
SQUARE MEASURE.
144 sq. in. = 1 sq. ft.
9 sq. feet = 1 sq. yd.
36¼ sq. yds. = 1 sq. rod.
40 sq. rods = 1 rood.
4 roods = 1 acre.
640 acres = 1 sq. mile.
NUMERICAL TABLE.
12 things = 1 dozen.
12 dozen = 1 gross.
12 gross = 1 great gross.
20 things = 1 score.
24 sheets = 1 quire.
20 quires, or 480 sheets = 1 ream.
SIMPLE FRACTIONS.
⁶/₁₀ of 15 = 6 × 15 ÷ 10 = 9
³/₁₀ of 15 = 3 × 15 ÷ 10 = 4⁵/₁₀
³/₁₀ of 60 = 3 × 60 ÷ 10 = 18
⁶/₁₀ of 60 = 6 × 60 ÷ 10 = 36
METRIC SYSTEM.
Meter = Unit of length.
Gram = Unit of weight.
Liter = Unit of capacity.
METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH DECREASING.
Decimeter (dm.) = one-tenth, .1, or ¹/₁₀ of a meter.
Centimeter (cm.) = one-hundredth, .01, or ¹/₁₀₀ of a meter.
Millimeter (mm.) = one-thousandth, .001, or ¹/₁₀₀₀ of a meter.
METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH INCREASING.
Decameter (Dm.) = 10 meters.
Hectometer (Hm.) = 100 meters.
Kilometer (Km.) = 1000 meters.
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC AND STANDARD MEASURES OF LENGTH.
1 meter = 39.37 inches.
1 centimeter = ⅖ inch.
5 centimeters = 2 inches.
30.5 centimeters = 12 “
1 millimeter = ¹/₂₅ inch.
25 millimeters = 1 “
METRIC WEIGHTS.
1 gram (Gm.) = weight of 1 cubic centimeter of water.
1 decigram (dg.) = one-tenth, 0.1, or ¹/₁₀ of a gram.
1 centigram (cg.) = one-hundredth, 0.01, or ¹/₁₀₀ of a gram.
1 milligram (mg.) = one-thousandth, 0.001, or ¹/₁₀₀₀ of a gram.
1 Decagram (Dg.) = 10 grams.
1 Hectogram (Hg.) = 100 grams.
1 Kilogram (Kg.) = 1000 grams.
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHTS.
0.001 gram = ¹/₆₄ grain.
0.002 “ = ¹/₃₂ “
0.008 “ = ¹/₈ “
0.01 “ = ¹/₆ “
0.065 “ = 1 “
0.1 “ = 1.5 “
0.2 “ = 3 “
0.5 “ = 7.7 “
1.0 “ = 15.4 “
10.0 grams = 154 “
100.0 “ = 1543 “
¹/₁₀₀ grain = 0.00065 gram
¹/₅₀ “ = 0.0013 “
¹/₃₀ “ = 0.002 “
¹/₂₀ “ = 0.003 “
¹/₁₀ “ = 0.0065 “
¹/₈ “ = 0.008 “
¹/₄ “ = 0.016 “
¹/₂ “ = 0.03 “
1 “ = 0.065 “
10 “ = 0.65 “
15 “ = 1.0 “
METRIC MEASURES OF CAPACITY.
1 liter (l.) = the measure of 1000 grams of water.
1 deciliter (dl.) = ¹/₁₀ or 0.1 of a liter, or 100 cubic centimeters.
1 centiliter (cl.) = ¹/₁₀₀ or 0.01 of a liter, or 10 cubic centimeters.
1 milliliter (ml.) = ¹/₁₀₀₀ or 0.001 of a liter, or 1 cubic centimeter (c.c.).
1 decaliter (Dl.) = 10 liters.
1 hectoliter (Hl.) = 100 liters.
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ MEASURES OF CAPACITY.
1 liter = 2 pints.
1000 c.c. = 2 pints.
100 c.c. = 3.4 fluidounces.
30 c.c. = 1 fluidounce.
10 c.c. = 2.7 fluidrams.
1 c.c. = 16 minims.
1 minim = 0.06 c.c.
10 minims = 0.6 c.c.
20 minims = 1.25 c.c.
30 minims = 2.0 c.c.
1 = 3.75 c.c.
2 fluidrams = 7.5 c.c.
1 fluidounce = 30.0 c.c.
16 fluidounces = 474 c.c.
APOTHECARIES OR TROY WEIGHT.
20 grains (gr.) = 1 scruple (℈).
3 scruples (℈) = 1 dram (ʒ).
8 drams (ʒ) = 1 ounce (℥).
12 ounces (℥) = 1 pound (lb.).
APOTHECARIES’ OR WINE MEASURE.
60 minims (m.) = 1 fluidram (fʒ).
8 fluidrams (fʒ) = 1 fluidounce (f℥).
16 fluidounces (f℥) = 1 pint (O).
8 pints (O). = 1 gallon (Cong.).
APPROXIMATE FLUID MEASURES.
1 teaspoonful = 1 fluidram, or fʒj.
1 dessertspoonful = 2 fluidrams, or fʒij.
1 tablespoonful = 4 fluidrams, or fʒiv.
1 wineglassful = 2 fluidounces, or f℥ij.
1 teacupful = 4 fluidounces, or fʒiv.
TABLES FOR PERCENTAGE OF SOLUTIONS.
The following tables are sufficiently correct for practical purposes:
APOTHECARIES’ MEASURE.
For 1 ounce. For 1 pint.
1 per cent. (1 : 100) 5 M. or 5 grains 75 M. or 75 grains
2 “ (1 : 50) 10 “ 10 “ 2½ drams
3 “ (1 : 33) 15 “ 15 “ 3¾ “
4 “ (1 : 25) 19 “ 19 “ 5 “
5 “ (1 : 20) 24 “ 24 “ 6½ “
10 “ (1 : 10) 48 “ 48 “ 13 “
For 1 quart. For 1 gallon.
1 per cent. (1 : 100) 2½ drams 10 drams
2 “ (1 : 50) 5 “ 2½ ounces
3 “ (1 : 33) 7½ “ 3 oz. and 6 drams
4 “ (1 : 25) 10 “ 5 ounces
5 “ (1 : 20) 13 “ 6 oz. and 4 drams
10 “ (1 : 10) 26 “ 13 ounces
METRIC MEASURE.
30 C.c. 500 C.c.
1 per cent. (1 : 100) 0.30 gram 5.00 grams
2 “ (1 : 50) 0.60 “ 10.00 “
3 “ (1 : 33) 0.90 “ 15.00 “
4 “ (1 : 25) 1.20 “ 20.00 “
5 “ (1 : 20) 1.50 “ 25.00 “
10 “ (1 : 10) 3.00 “ 50.00 “
1000 C.c. 4 liters.
1 per cent. (1 : 100) 10.00 gram 40.00 grams
2 “ (1 : 50) 20.00 “ 80.00 “
3 “ (1 : 33) 30.00 “ 120.00 “
4 “ (1 : 25) 40.00 “ 160.00 “
5 “ (1 : 20) 50.00 “ 200.00 “
10 “ (1 : 10) 100.00 “ 400.00 “