CLASS IV. MOLLUSCA. TWENTY-TWO FAMILIES. (continued 2)
Reading edition
Shell, when young and immature, is very thin, the edges of the aperture not dentated; the right margin sharp and not reflected.
Cypræa cerina.
C. exanthema.
C. tigris.
C. tigrina.
168C. Argus.
C. testudinaria.
C. Mauritiana.
C. mappa.
C. Arabica.
C. histrio.
C. scurra.
C. rattus.
C. stercoraria.
C. mus.
C. ventriculus.
C. Aurora.
C. lynx.
C. adusta.
C. erosa.
C. caurica.
C. Isabella.
C. ocellata.
C. cribraria.
C. turdus.
C. olivacea.
C. stolida.
C. hirundo.
C. undata.
C. zigzag.
C. flaveola.
C. sanguinolenta.
C. poraria.
C. ursellus.
C. asellus.
C. moniliaris.
C. stercus-muscarum.
C. talpa.
C. carneola.
C. lurida.
C. vitellus.
C. caput-serpentis.
C. cinerea.
C. zonata.
C. sordida.
C. icterina.
C. miliaris.
C. variolaria.
C. rufa.
C. cicercula.
C. lota.
C. globulus.
C. ovulata.
C. helvola.
C. Arabicula.
C. staphylæa.
C. pustulata.
C. nucleus.
C. limacina.
C. moneta.
C. obvelata.
C. annulus.
C. radians.
C. oniscus.
C. pediculus.
C. oryza.
C. coccinella.
C. Australis.
C. albella.
C. exanthema. The measly Cypræa.
Species oblong-ovate, brown, with round white spots; dorsal line grayish; marginal teeth brown; spire not quite concealed.
169C. Pantherina. The Panther Cypræa. Pl. 31, fig. 4.
Species regular, beautifully spotted like a panther.
3. Terebellum. One species.
Shell convolute, thin, shining, sub-cylindrical, pointed behind, truncated before; aperture longitudinal, edges entire, columella truncated.
T. subulatum. The awl-shaped Terebellum. Pl. 31, fig. 3.
Answers to the above description, being the only living species known.
4. Ancillaria. Four species.
An intermediate genus between the Terebellum and the Oliva; distinguished from the former by a callous oblique band at the base of the columella; and from the latter by not having the spiral whorls separated by a groove.
Shell smooth, oval, oblong, pointed behind, enlarged and truncated before; the columella covered anteriorly by a callous oblique band; the right lip obtuse.
Ancillaria cinnamomea.
A. ventricosa.
A. marginata.
A. candida.
A. cinnamomea. The cinnamon Ancillaria. Pl. 30, fig. 5.
Species with spire nearly obsolete; shell chestnut colour, with white bands; varix of the columella reddish and somewhat striated.
5. Oliva. The Olive. Sixty-two species.
An oval, involuted, internal shell, distinguished from the Ancillaria by a narrow canal continued from its upper angle around the sutures of the spiral whorls. It was formerly classed with the Voluta, which genus has not the canal, so that they cannot be mistaken for each other. There is a callosity uniting with the spiral canal, and another at the base of the columella.
Shell thick, solid, smooth, oval, elongated, sub-cylindrical; 170the spiral whorls very small, separated by a canal; aperture long, narrow; the columellar edge reflected anteriorly by a callosity, and striated obliquely through all its length. The shells are generally clouded or covered with waved lines of a brownish colour, more or less dark.
Oliva porphyria.
O. textilina.
O. erythrostoma.
O. pica.
O. tremulina.
O. angulata.
O. maura.
O. sepulturalis.
O. fulminans.
O. irisans.
O. elegans.
O. episcopalis.
O. venulata.
O. guttata.
O. leucophæa.
O. undata.
O. inflata.
O. bicincta.
O. harpularia.
O. hepatica.
O. ustulata.
O. avellana.
O. tessellata.
O. carneola.
O. espidula.
O. oriola.
O. candida.
O. volutella.
O. tigrina.
O. Brasiliana.
O. utriculus.
O. reticularis.
O. flammulata.
O. granitella.
O. araneosa.
O. literata.
O. scripta.
O. tricolor.
O. sanguinolenta.
O. mustelina.
O. lugubris.
O. funebralis.
O. glandiformis.
O. Peruviana.
O. Senegalensis.
O. fusiformis.
O. auricularis.
O. acuminata.
O. subulata.
O. luteola.
O. testacea.
O. hiatula.
O. obtusaria.
O. Ceylanica.
O. nebulosa.
O. fabagina.
O. conoidalis.
O. undatella.
O. eburnea.
O. nana.
O. zonalis.
O. oryza.
171O. subulata. The awl-shaped Olive. Pl. 30, fig 1.
Species elongated, with very projecting spire.
O. undata. The waved Olive. Pl. 30, fig. 4.
Species oval, spire hardly projecting.
O. cruenta. The bloody Olive.
Species cylindrical, suture canal deep; fawn colour, with triangular spots of purple, and two dark brown spots on the edge of the outer lip.
6. Conus. The Cone. One hundred and eighty-one species.
A genus valued on account of the beauty, symmetry, and variety of its species; some of its shells are very rare and remarkable for their richness of colouring; some are coronated, and others have a plain spire. They are all covered with an epidermis, beneath which is generally a smooth surface, with sometimes a high polish; a few are granulated and tuberculated. They are found in great abundance in the seas of warm climates.
Shell conic, covered with a membranous periosteum, thick, solid, involuted; the summit of the cone anterior; the spire little or not at all projecting; aperture longitudinal, very narrow, turning towards its anterior extremity; the external edge straight, with oblique plaits in its anterior part; operculum very small and horny, sub-spiral, with summit terminal.
Conus marmoreus.
C. Bandanus.
C. nocturnus.
C. Nicobaricus.
C. araneosus.
C. zonatus.
C. imperialis.
C. fuscatus.
C. viridulus.
C. regius.
C. tulipa.
C. geographicus.
C. punctatus.
C. tæniatus.
C. musicus.
C. miliaris.
C. mus.
C. lividus.
C. Barbadensis.
C. roseus.
172C. cedo-nulli.
C. aurantius.
C. nebulosus.
C. minimus.
C. sulcatus.
C. Hebræus.
C. vermiculatus.
C. arenatus.
C. pulicarius.
C. fustigatus.
C. obesus.
C. varius.
C. millepunctatus.
C. literatus.
C. eburneus.
C. tesselatus.
C. generalis.
C. Maldivus.
C. Malacanus.
C. lineatus.
C. monile.
C. centurio.
C. vitulinus.
C. vulpinus.
C. flavidus.
C. virgo.
C. daucus.
C. pastinaca.
C. capitaneus.
C. classiarius.
C. vittatus.
C. mustelinus.
C. vexillum.
C. Sumatrensis.
C. figulinus.
C. quercinus.
C. cardinalis.
C. Magellanicus.
C. distans.
C. pontificalis.
C. Caledonicus.
C. sponsalis.
C. puncturatus.
C. Ceylanensis.
C. lamellosus.
C. pusillus.
C. exiguus.
C. asper.
C. hyæna.
C. miles.
C. ammiralis.
C. genuanus.
C. papilionaceus.
C. Siamensis.
C. Prometheus.
C. glaucus.
C. Suratensis.
C. monachus.
C. ranunculus.
C. anemone.
C. achatinus.
C. cinereus.
C. stramineus.
C. zebra.
C. lacteus.
C. cingulatus.
C. vicarius.
C. mercator.
C. ochraceus.
C. betulinus.
C. Mediterraneus.
C. puncticulatus.
173C. Proteus.
C. leoninus.
C. augur.
C. pertusus.
C. nivosus.
C. fulgurans.
C. acuminatus.
C. amadis.
C. Janus.
C. flammeus.
C. lithoglyphus.
C. testudinarius.
C. venulatus.
C. quæstor.
C. muscosus.
C. Narcissus.
C. Mozambicus.
C. Guinaicus.
C. Franciscanus.
C. informis.
C. rattus.
C. Jamaicensis.
C. amabilis.
C. Omaicus.
C. nobilis.
C. aurisiacus.
C. terminus.
C. striatus.
C. gubernator.
C. granulatus.
C. terebra.
C. verulosus.
C. raphanus.
C. magus.
C. spectrum.
C. bullatus.
C. Mauritianus.
C. fumigatus.
C. eques.
C. luzonicus.
C. catus.
C. verrucosus.
C. acutangulus.
C. mindanus.
C. Japonicus.
C. pusio.
C. columba.
C. madurensis.
C. nemocanus.
C. cancellatus.
C. fusiformis.
C. cærulescens.
C. Aurora.
C. Taitensis.
C. Adansonii.
C. tinianus.
C. Portoricanus.
C. crocatus.
C. strigatus.
C. glans.
C. mitratus.
C. nussatella.
C. aulicus.
C. auratus.
C. colubrinus.
C. clavus.
C. auricomus.
C. omaria.
C. rubiginosus.
C. pennaceus.
C. prælatus.
C. panniculus.
174C. cervus.
C. stercus-muscarum.
C. Timorensis.
C. nimbosus.
C. dux.
C. tendineus.
C. præfectus.
C. melancholicus.
C. archiepiscopus.
C. canonicus.
C. episcopus.
C. abbas.
C. legatus.
C. textilis.
C. pyramidalis.
C. gloria-maris.
C. Australis.
C. textilis. The embroidered Cone. Pl. 31, fig. 2.
Species ovate, slightly elongated; the spire rather projecting, pointed, not coronated.
C. imperialis. The imperial Cone.
Species conic, spire coronated, projecting, or flat.
C. striatus. The striated Cone.
Species oblong-ovate, gibbous, not coronated, clouded and strongly striated transversely.
C. generalis. The general Cone.
Species conic, spire projecting, not crowned with tubercles; colour reddish brown, or clouded with orange and interrupted fillets.
C. mustelinus. The Weasel Cone. Pl. 31, fig. 1.
Species with base sub-truncated; spire channelled and banded with orange spots; body whitish, encircled in the middle by orange-spotted bands.
FAMILY XXI. Nautilacea. Two genera.
1. Spirula. One species.
An involute, symmetrical, discoid shell, whose whorls do not touch each other; the septa or partitions are brilliant pearl, concave externally, pierced by a tube called the siphon or siphuncle, placed close to the inner edge of the aperture; covered with a thin epidermis.
175S. Peronii. Peron’s Spirula. Pl. 36, fig. 2.
Answers to the above description; colour yellowish white.
2. Nautilus. Two species.
An elegant, well-known shell, more or less ventricose, discoid, slightly compressed, umbilicated or not, but never papillose; the septa simple, transverse, not visible externally, the last deeply sunk and perforated by a siphon running through them all; edges entire.
The N. Pompilius, when dissected, displays its beautiful pearly chambers; fine specimens are often converted into drinking-cups by the Orientals, who sometimes remove the outer coating, so that its whole appearance is pearly.
The Nautilis varies in size; some are microscopic; and although they have received different names, and on account of the animal have been made to form different genera, it was deemed unnecessary to treat of them here.
Nautilus Pompilius.
Nautilus umbilicatus.
N. Pompilius. The Pompilius Nautilus. Pl. 36, fig. 3.
Species not umbilicated; the back rounded; aperture round and pearly; siphon sub-central; pale yellow, with chestnut streaks and undulations.
N. umbilicatus. The umbilicated Pompilius. Pl. 36, fig. 1.
Species umbilicated, sub-orbicular; pale fawn colour, with chestnut undated transverse clouds.
FAMILY XXII. Heteropoda. Two genera.
1. Argonauta. The Paper Sailor. Three species.
The shells of this genus are remarkable for their fragility, delicacy, and elegance; they resemble a scroll, ornamented with various canaliculated grooves from the summit to the margin, which is bicarinated. The colour is usually bluish, but the keel is of a darker hue; they vary greatly in size.
Shell navicular, symmetrical, very thin, compressed, bicarinated, 176sub-involuted longitudinally in the same plane; aperture very large, entire, symmetrical, square in front, slightly modified by the turn of the summit, and provided on each side with an earlike appendage, with thick and smooth edges; lips sharp.
Argonauta argo.
A. tuberculosa.
A. nitida.
A. argo. The Portuguese man-of-war. Pl. 35, fig. 1.
Characterized above; shell whitish, fragile, keel rather narrow, with sharp-pointed tuberculations; sides striated transversely, wrinkled longitudinally.
A. tuberculosa. The tuberculated Argonaut. Pl. 35, fig. 2.
Species more convex at the sides, with nodulous elevations; keel broader, points more obtuse.
2. Carinaria. The glassy Nautilus. Three species.
In form and texture greatly resembling the Argonauta, but distinguished by only having one keel on the whole length of the back.
Shell symmetrical, carinated or not, very thin, slightly compressed, without spire, but with the summit slightly recurved posteriorly; aperture oval and very entire.
Carinaria vitrea.
C. fragilis.
C. cymbium.
C. vitrea. The glassy Carinaria.
Species very rare and beautiful, thin, papyraceous, very fragile and semitransparent; a serrated keel rises up its front, and the sides are decorated with ribs parallel to the base.
C. fragilis. The fragile Carinaria.
Species smaller, very thin, striated longitudinally, diverging from the summit to the margin; no keel.
C. cymbium. The minute Carinaria.
Species not larger than a grain of sand.
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