APPENDICES

I

THE SPANISH FORCES AT THE SIEGE OF GERONA

The original garrison under the command of Alvarez consisted of the following units. The first column gives the strength on May 6, the second the number that remained on Dec. 11, 1809, the day of the surrender.

Regiment of Ultonia (three batts.) 800 250

Regiment of Borbon (three batts.) 1,300 360

Voluntarios de Barcelona, 2nd batt. 1,125 378

1st battalion of the Miqueletes of Vich 600 250

1st & 2nd batts. of the Miqueletes of Gerona 1,120 380

Squadron of San Narciso 108 50

Regular Artillery 278 140

Men of the 2nd batt. of the Miqueletes of Gerona drafted into the artillery 240 100

Sailors drafted into the artillery 130 90

Sappers 22 10

Total of the original garrison 5,723 2,008

Reinforcements received August 17:

Miquelete battalion of Cervera 500 320

Draft for the 1st battalion of Vich 300 200

Draft for the 2nd battalion of Gerona 100 50

Reinforcements brought in by Garcia Conde on Sept. 1:

Regiment of Baza (2 batts.) 1,368 1,074

1st and 2nd Miqueletes of Talarn 900 390

2nd Miqueletes of Vich 300 100

Picked companies of Santa Fé, Iliberia, Voluntarios de Tarragona 180 106

3,648 2,240

Add 1,100 irregulars of the ‘Crusade.’ Losses unknown.

Of 9,371 men engaged first and last in the defence, only 4,248 survived.

II

THE FRENCH FORCES AT THE SIEGE OF GERONA

The following were the losses of the three divisions which conducted the siege of Gerona during its first three months, down to Sept. 15, 1809:—

(1) Reille’s Original Siege Corps:

Strength on June 1. Rank & file. Strength on Sept. 15. Rank & file. Losses.

Division Verdier:

French Brigade:

32nd Léger (one batt.) 846 489 357

16th Line (one batt.) 730 324 406

2nd Line (one batt.) 490 205 285

56th Line (one batt.) 684 449 235

German Brigade:

Würzburg (two batts.) 1,519 649 870

1st of Berg (two batts.) 1,310 705 605

2nd of Berg (two batts.) 1,313 604 709

Division Morio:

2nd Westphalians (two batts.) 1,009 340 669

3rd Westphalians (two batts.) 1,446 491 955

4th Westphalians (two batts.) 832 534 298

4th Light Infantry (one batt.) 300 269 31

Division Lecchi:

Velites of the Italian Guard 461 50 411

5th Italian Line (two batts.) 820 280 540

1st Neapolitans (two batts.) 765 172 593

2nd Neapolitans (two batts.) 1,119 322 797

13,644 5,883 7,761

Of these 6,666 were returned as sick or wounded, and 1,495 as dead or missing. Probably 300 were deserters.

Officers. Men.

The Artillery counted on the first date (June 1):

From the 7th corps 11 961

Siege-Train from France 36 1,362

The engineers and sappers were 12 314

The cavalry (28th chasseurs, and five squadrons of Italian horse) 51 771

110 3,408

Adding these figures to those of the infantry the total of the Siege Army was 17,162 men.

(2) The Covering Army, under St. Cyr in person, consisted on June 1 of the following troops:

Men.

Souham’s Division:

Brigade Bessières:

1st Léger (three batts.) 1,965

3rd Léger (one batt.) 639

24th Dragoons (three squadrons) 597

Brigade Espert:

42nd Line (three batts.) 2,406

67th Line (one batt.) 644

Pino’s Division:

Brigade Mazzuchelli:

1st Italian Léger (three batts.) 1,359

4th Italian Line (three batts.) 1,580

Brigade Fontane:

2nd Italian Léger (three batts.) 1,507

6th Italian Line (three batts.) 1,427

7th Italian Line (one batt.) 477

Cavalry Brigade Palombini (Italian Chasseurs and Dragoons, six squadrons) 912

Chabot’s Division:

7th Line (two batts.) 1,034

93rd Line (one batt.) 687

3rd Provisional Chasseurs 498

Total of the Covering Army 15,732

On Dec. 31 the Siege Army showed 6,343 infantry, 2,390 engineers, artillery, &c. The Covering Army had still 11,666 men. But two battalions and some drafts had joined from France, so that the total loss was more than that indicated by these figures.

III

DEL PARQUE’S ARMY IN THE TAMAMES–ALBA DE TORMES CAMPAIGN, OCT.–NOV. 1809

MORNING STATE OF NOVEMBER 20

Officers. Men.

Vanguard Division, Major-General Martin de la Carrera:

*Principe (three batts.), *Saragossa (three batts.), *1st of Catalonia, *2nd of Catalonia, *Gerona, *Barbastro, ‡Escolares de Leon, ‡Vittoria, ‡Monforte de Lemos, ‡Voluntarios de la Muerte, one battery field artillery 363 7,050

1st Division, Major-General Francisco Xavier Losada:

†Granaderos Provinciales de Galicia (two batts.), *Leon (two batts.), *1st and 2nd of Aragon, *Voluntarios de la Corona (two batts.), ‡Regimento del General, ‡1st and 2nd of La Union, ‡Betanzos (two batts.), ‡Orense, ‡Compañía de Guardias Nacionales, one battery field artillery 351 7,985

2nd Division, Major-General Conde de Belveder:

*Rey (1st and 2nd batts.), *Zamora (1st and 2nd batts.), *Seville (1st and 2nd batts.), *Toledo (1st and 3rd batts.), *Hibernia (two batts.), *Voluntarios de Navarra, ‡Santiago, ‡Lovera (two batts.), one battery field artillery 344 6,415

3rd Division [Asturians], Major-General Francisco Ballasteros:

*Navarra (three batts.), *Princesa (two batts.), †Oviedo, ‡Covadonga, ‡Villaviciosa, ‡Candas y Luanco, Castropol, ‡Pravia, ‡Cangas de Tineo, ‡Grado, ‡Infiesto, ‡Lena, one battery field artillery 368 9,623

5th Division [Leonese], Brigadier-General Marquis de Castrofuerte:

‡Tiradores de Ciudad Rodrigo, ‡2nd of Ciudad Rodrigo, ‡Voluntarios de Fernando VII, †Leon, †Logroño, †Toro, †Valladolid, one battery field artillery 245 5,912

Head-Quarters’ Guard: Batallón del General 40 897

[N.B.—The 4th Division, Galician troops under Mahy about 7,000 strong, and the garrison of Ciudad Rodrigo, 3,817 bayonets, were never brought up to the front.]

Cavalry Division, the Prince of Anglona:

*Borbon, *Sagunto, ‡Granaderos de Llerena (With only 868 horses.) 83 1,053

*Reyna, *Provisional Regiment[640], ‡Cazadores de Ciudad Rodrigo (incomplete units, lately reformed), with one horse-artillery battery 46 500

The artillerymen and a few companies of sappers are included in the divisional totals.

Total 1,840 39,435

From this total of 41,275 men there were to be deducted, on Nov. 20, sick 5,601, absent 1,573, detached (from the 5th Division) 1,279, so that the total of efficients under arms was 32,822.

* Old line regiments. † Old militia regiments. ‡ New levies.

IV

FRENCH LOSSES AT TAMAMES, OCT. 18, 1809

The detailed return of the losses of the 6th Corps at Tamames has not been preserved. Marchand merely states that he lost 1,300 men. But the subjoined list of losses of officers, taken from Martinien’s invaluable tables, shows sufficiently well which were the units that were hard hit:—

Killed. Wounded.

1st Division:

Brigade Maucune:

6th Léger 1 6

69th Ligne 2 4

Brigade Marcognet:

39th Ligne 4 12

76th Ligne 7 15

14 37

2nd Division:

Brigade Labassée:

25th Léger 3 8

27th Ligne – 2

59th Ligne – 3

Cavalry:

15th Dragoons – 2

15th Chasseurs 1 2

État-Major: – 2

4 18

Total 18 killed, 55 wounded.

At the average rate of 21 men hit per officer, which prevailed during the Peninsular War, this total of 73 officers ought to imply a total loss of about 1,533 men. But Marchand’s 1,300 is probably correct.

V

THE PARTITION OF THE ARMY OF ESTREMADURA IN SEPTEMBER 1809

[N.B.—‘b^on’ is Spanish contraction for batallón.]

The way in which the old army of Cuesta was divided in September 1809 has never been worked out; nor has the composition of Areizaga’s army of La Mancha, after it had been joined by the Estremaduran reinforcements, ever been reconstructed. A search in the Madrid War Office, in which I was assisted by the kindness of Captain Figueras, has produced the following two documents:—

(1) A list of Albuquerque’s army without any figures of strength save the general total, as follows:

Cuerpos que quedaron constituendo el Cuerpo de Ejercito de Estremadura, de 12,000 hombres. Oct. 1, 1809.

*Reales Guardias Walonas (4º batallón). [Late in garrison at Badajoz.]

‡Osuna (2 batallones). [Late of Iglesias’s Division.]

‡Velez Malaga (3 batallones). [Late of Iglesias’s Division.]

‡Voluntarios Extrangeros (1 b^on). [Late of Iglesias’s Division.]

†Provincial de Burgos (1 b^on). [Late of Iglesias’s Division.]

‡Tiradores de Merida (1 b^on). [Late of Zayas’s Division.]

†Provincial de Truxillo (1 b^on). [Late of Zayas’s Division.]

‡2^ndo de Antequera (1 b^on). [Late of Portago’s Division.]

†Provincial de Badajoz (1 b^on). [Late of Portago’s Division.]

‡Leales de Fernando VII (2 b^ones). [Late in garrison at Badajoz.]

‡Voluntarios de Plasencia (1 b^on). [Late in garrison at Badajoz.]

‡Voluntarios de Zafra (1 b^on). [Late in garrison at Badajoz.]

‡Voluntarios de La Serena (1 b^on). [Late in garrison at Badajoz.]

Caballería—Comandante General el Brigadier Baron de Carondelet.

*Calatrava, *Villaviciosa, *Voluntarios de España, ‡Cazadores Perseguidores de Andalucia, ‡Cazadores de Sevilla.

*Borbon, ‡Cazadores de Llerena and *Sagunto have marched for Ciudad Rodrigo under the Prince of Anglona.

(2) A second document gives, as having marched under Eguia to join the Army of the Centre in La Mancha, the following corps:

*Real Marina (1º y 2º batallones). [Late of Bassecourt’s Division.]

*Africa (3º b^on). [Late of Bassecourt’s Division.]

*Murcia (1º y 2º b^ones). [Late of Bassecourt’s Division.]

*Reyna (1º b^on). [Late of Bassecourt’s Division.]

*2^ond de Mallorca (1º b^on). [Late of Iglesias’s Division.]

*Cantabria (1º, 2º, 3º b^ones). [Late of Zayas’s Division.]

*Badajoz (1º, 2º b^ones). [Late of Portago’s Division.]

†Provincial de Toledo (1 b^on). [Late of Portago’s Division.]

*Cazadores de Barbastro (1 b^on). [Late of the Vanguard Division.]

*Voluntarios de Valencia (2º b^on). [Late of the Vanguard Division.]

‡Tiradores de Estremadura (1 b^on). [Late of the Vanguard Division.]

Provincial de Plasencia

Caballería

*Reales Carabineros, *Rey, *Reyna, *Infante, *Pavia, *Almanza, *1º y 2º Usares de Estremadura, ‡Cazadores de Madrid, ‡Cazadores de Toledo, ‡Carabineros y Lanceros de Estremadura.

30 piezas de Artillería.

This leaves unaccounted for, of Cuesta’s old army, the following corps: *2º de Voluntarios de Cataluña, *Campo Mayor, ‡Cazadores de Valencia y Albuquerque, ‡Canarias, †Provincial de Guadix, *Irlanda (two batts.), *Jaen, ‡3º de Sevilla, ‡2º de Voluntarios de Madrid, ‡Voluntarios de la Corona, †Provincial de Sigüenza, Granaderos Provinciales.

Of these Jaen, Corona, Madrid, and the grenadiers certainly went with Eguia to La Mancha. Irlanda went to Del Parque at Ciudad Rodrigo, 2º de Cataluña went to Cadiz to recruit. There are left Campo Mayor, Canarias, 3º de Sevilla, Provincial de Sigüenza, Provincial de Guadix, Cazadores de Valencia y Albuquerque. Probably they formed the division of 6,000 men which the Junta is said to have deducted from the army of Estremadura for its own protection, and to have withdrawn to the borders of Andalusia in September. At any rate we find in November Campo Mayor, Canarias, and Provincial de Guadix serving again in the army of Albuquerque. But I cannot be sure that some of the others did not accompany Eguia (like Jaen and Corona), though not mentioned in the document no. 2.

* Old regular units. † Old militia units. ‡ New levies.

VI

AREIZAGA’S ARMY IN THE OCAÑA CAMPAIGN

No detailed ‘morning state’ of this army has been preserved, but the names and gross totals of the divisions are on record in documents at the Madrid War Office. So far as I can make it out, the organization of the army must have been nearly as follows:—

INFANTRY DIVISION

Officers. Men.

Vanguard Division, General José Zayas:

Voluntarios de Valencia, 2nd of Majorca, Provincial de Plasencia, Voluntarios de España, Granaderos Provinciales, Cantabria (seven batts.) 210 5,768

1st Division, General L. Lacy:

Burgos, 1st of España, Provincial de Cordova, 1st of Loxa, Alcala, 1st of Seville, Provincial de Chinchilla (nine batts.) 328 7,420

2nd Division, General Gaspar Vigodet:

Corona, Ordenes Militares, 1st of Guadix, Ronda, Alcazar, Ciudad Real (nine batts.) 288 6,797

3rd Division, General P. Giron:

1st and 2nd Spanish Guards, 2nd of Cordova, Bailen, Provincial de Jaen, Provincial de Toledo (eight batts.) 200 5,034

4th Division, General Francisco Castejon:

1st of Malaga, 5th of Seville, 2nd of Loxa, Bujalance, Cazadores de Velez Malaga, Xeres, 3rd of Cordova (eight batts.) 236 6,151

5th Division, General T. Zerain:

Cazadores de Barbastro, 2nd of España, 2nd of Seville, 2nd of Madrid, Provincial de Granada, 3rd Walloon Guards (seven batts.) 209 5,677

6th Division, General N. Jacomé:

Badajoz, Provincial de Malaga, Tiradores de Estremadura, Jaen, Provincial de Ecija (?), 4th of Seville (?), Alpujarras (?) (nine batts.?) 312 7,325

7th Division, Brigadier-General F. Copons:

Murcia, Real Marina, Africa, Reyna (six batts.) 197 4,927

Troops not included in any division:—Granaderos del General, Compañía de Buen Orden, Compañías Sueltas – 778

1,980 49,877

CAVALRY

Commanded by General Manuel Freire.

1st Division, Brigadier-General Juan Bernuy: 5,766

Rey, Infante, Voluntarios de Madrid, Almanza, Carabineros y Lanceros de Estremadura

2nd Division, Brigadier José Rivas:

Cazadores de Toledo, Pavia, 1st and 2nd Hussars of Estremadura

3rd Division, Brigadier Miguel March:

Montesa, Reyna, Santiago, Principe, Cordova, Alcantara

4th Division, Colonel V. Osorio:

Cazadores de Granada, Granaderos de Fernando VII, Farnesio, Lusitania, España

60 guns with artillerymen, about 1,500

Sappers, &c., no figures given, perhaps 600

General Total 59,723

The materials from which the above organization has been reconstructed are: (1) Rolls of Venegas’s army, before it was joined by Eguia’s reinforcements. (2) Roll of the reinforcements led by Eguia (printed in Appendix No. V). (3) Gross totals of each division, without list of their component battalions, preserved in the Madrid War Office. (4) A morning state of the army taken on Dec. 1: in this the divisions of Lacy and Zayas are amalgamated, and that of Jacomé has disappeared, its wrecks having been distributed among the remaining six divisions. (5) The regimental annals in the Conde de Clonard’s great history of the Spanish army. Unfortunately this only serves for the regular regiments, there being no record of the fates of the militia battalions or the newly-raised volunteer regiments. I am specially uncertain about the Cavalry and the 6th Division (Jacomé), which seems to have been composed of those Estremaduran units which had not been organized as the ‘Vanguard’ and ‘7th Division.’ But it almost certainly had some Andalusian regiments added. I mark them with a (?).

VII

THE FRENCH ARMY OF SPAIN ON JAN. 15, 1810

FROM A DOCUMENT IN THE ARCHIVES NATIONAUX AT PARIS

Present under Arms.

Officers. Men. Detached. Sick. Prisoners. Total.

1st Corps (Marshal Victor):

1st Division (Ruffin) at Almagro:

9th Léger, 24th Line, 96th Line (3 batts. each) 120 4,306 96 991 – 5,513

2nd Division (Darricau) at Daymiel:

16th Léger, 8th Line, 45th Line, 54th Line (2 batts. each) 157 5,744 287 1,893 29 8,110

3rd Division (Villatte) at Membrilla:

27th Léger, 63rd Line, 94th Line, 95th Line (3 batts. each) 215 6,124 156 589 3 7,087

Light Cavalry Brigade (Beaumont) at Villanueva de los Infantes:

2nd Hussars, 5th Chasseurs 45 778 254 27 23 1,127

Division of Dragoons (Latour-Maubourg) at El Moral:

1st, 2nd, 4th, 9th, 14th, 26th Dragoons 96 2,164 633 76 61 3,030

Artillery and Train 33 1,747 252 144 2 2,178

Detachments on the march to join 4 1,019 – – – 1,023

État-Major 112 – – – – 112

Corps Total 782 21,882 1,678 3,720 118 28,180

2nd Corps (General Heudelet, vice Soult):

1st Division (Merle) at Talavera:

2nd Léger, 36th Line, 4th Léger, 15th Line (3 batts. each) 231 5,718 238 660 – 6,847

2nd Division (Heudelet) at Talavera:

17th Léger, 47th, 70th, 86th Line (3 batts. each), 31st Léger (4 batts.) 290 7,035 227 920 – 8,472

Light Cavalry Division (Soult):

1st Hussars, 22nd Chasseurs, 8th Dragoons, Chasseurs Hanovriens 79 787 191 36 – 1,093

Division of Dragoons (Lahoussaye):

17th, 18th, 19th, 27th Dragoons 58 1,171 242 66 8 1,545

Artillery, Train, and Engineers 15 664 71 44 – 794

État-Major 79 – – – – 79

Corps Total 752 15,375 969 1,726 8 18,830

3rd Corps (General Suchet):

1st Division (Laval) at Montreal:

14th and 44th Line, 2nd of the Vistula (2 batts. each) [3rd of the Vistula absent and not counted] 119 4,171 280 290 488 5,348

2nd Division (Musnier) at Alcañiz:

114th, 115th, 121st Line (3 batts. each), 1st of the Vistula (2 batts.) 203 6,970 212 813 267 8,465

3rd Division (Habert) at Fraga:

5th Léger, 116th Line (2 batts. each), 117th Line (3 batts.) 136 4,193 8 – – 4,757

Cavalry Brigade (Boussard):

4th Hussars, 13th Cuirassiers 77 1,822 229 44 – 2,172

Artillery, Train, and Engineers 28 1,179 – 66 – 1,273

Garrison Troops at Tudela, Saragossa, Jaca, &c., including the 3rd of the Vistula and 3 batts. of Chasseurs des Montagnes 132 4,030 187 186 – 4,535

État-Major 80 – – – – 80

Corps Total 775 22,365 916 1,819 755 26,630

4th Corps (General Sebastiani):

1st Division:

58th Line (3 batts.) 57 1,573 98 550 1 2,279

[28th, 32nd, 75th Line left at Madrid] – – – – – –

2nd Division (Laval):

9 German batts. (absent at Segovia, on march to Bayonne with the prisoners of Ocaña) – – – – – –

3rd Division (Werlé) at Ocaña:

4th, 7th, 9th Poles (2 batts. each) 130 4,679 112 1,177 50 6,148

Light Cavalry Brigade (Perreymond) at Ocaña:

10th and 27th Chasseurs, and Polish Lancers 62 1,289 390 89 109 1,939

Division of Dragoons (Milhaud) at Velez:

5th, 12th, 16th, 20th, 21st Dragoons 104 1,617 250 216 128 2,315

Artillery, Train, and Engineers 14 555 20 45 – 634

État-Major 45 – – – – 45

Corps Total 412 9,713 870 2,077 288 13,360

5th Corps (Marshal Mortier):

1st Division (Girard) at El Moral:

34th, 40th, 64th, 88th Line (3 batts. each) 201 6,839 228 1,683 – 8,951

2nd Division (Gazan) at El Moral:

21st and 28th Léger, 100th and 103rd Line (3 batts. each) 219 6,414 212 1,432 – 8,287

Cavalry Division (Marisy) at Granatuela:

10th Hussars, 21st Chasseurs, 13th and 22nd Dragoons 81 1,458 391 411 11 2,352

Artillery and Train 17 741 50 135 3 946

Provisional Regiment of 2 squadrons each of 13th and 22nd Dragoons, on march to join their corps 31 557 – – – 588

État-Major 54 – – – – 54

Corps Total 603 16,009 881 3,661 24 21,178

6th Corps (Marshal Ney):

1st Division (Marchand) at Ledesma:

6th Léger (2 batts.), 39th, 69th, 76th Line (3 batts. each) 163 5,908 31 943 132 7,177

2nd Division (Mermet) at Alba de Tormes:

25th Léger (2 batts.), 27th and 59th Line (3 batts. each), 50th Line (2 batts.) 201 6,656 10 714 4 7,585

3rd Division (Loison) on the march:

26th and 82nd Line (4 batts. each), 66th Line (3 batts.), Légion du Midi and Légion Hanovrienne (2 batts. each), 15th Léger, 32nd Léger (1 batt. each), 2 provisional batts. 302 11,948 543 1,652 142 14,587

Cavalry Division (Lorges):

3rd Hussars, 15th Chasseurs, 15th, 25th Dragoons 108 2,314 60 132 2 2,616

Artillery, Train, Engineers 24 1,120 6 78 2 1,230

Drafts, on the march from Bayonne to Salamanca 156 5,636 506 – – 6,298

État-Major 79 – – – – 79

Corps Total 1,033 33,582 1,156 3,519 282 39,572

7th Corps (Marshal Augereau):

1st Division (Souham) at Vich:

1st Léger and 42nd Line (3 batts. each), 7th Line (2 batts.), 3rd Léger and 93rd Line (1 batt. each), 24th Dragoons, 3rd Provisional Chasseurs 169 5,213 397 2,627 57 8,463

2nd Division (Pino) at Massanet:

Italians: 1st and 2nd Léger, 4th, 5th, 6th Line (2 batts. each), 7th Line (1 batt.), and Dragoons of Napoleon 238 6,346 201 2,409 93 9,287

3rd Division (Verdier) at Besalu, including the remains of Morio’s and Lecchi’s late divisions:

French—32nd Léger, 2nd, 16th, 56th Line (1 batt. each); Neapolitans—1st and 2nd Line (2 batts. each); Westphalians—2nd, 3rd, and 4th Line (2 batts. each), 1st and 2nd of Berg, and Würzburg (2 batts. each), and Valais, Ducal Saxon, and La Tour d’Auvergne (1 batt. each), with 2nd Neapolitan Light Horse 334 6,009 486 7,190 299 14,318

4th Division (Duhesme) at Barcelona:

French—7th Line (2 batts.), 37th and 112th Line (1 batt. each), 2nd Swiss (1 batt.), Chasseurs des Montagnes (1 batt.), 5th Italian Line (2 batts.), Bataillon Départemental, and 3rd Provisional Cuirassiers 240 5,971 33 2,056 87 8,387

Head-Quarters Guard (1 batt. French 67th) 17 527 12 260 4 820

Artillery, Train, Engineers 44 1,346 43 708 27 2,168

Drafts marching from Perpignan to Barcelona 32 1,608 – – – 1,640

Drafts at Perpignan, &c. 32 6,125 – – – 6,252

État-Major 137 – – – – 137

Corps Total 1,338 33,145 1,172 15,250 567 51,472

8th Corps (General Junot):

1st Division (Clausel) at Burgos:

22nd Line (4 batts.), 14th, 19th, 25th, 28th, 34th, 36th, 50th, 75th Line (1 batt. each) 241 9,105 541 890 – 10,777

2nd Division (Lagrange) at Burgos:

65th Line (4 batts.), 2nd, 4th, 12th, 15th Léger, 32nd, 46th, 58th, 121st, 122nd Line (1 batt. each) 195 8,688 668 701 91 10,343

3rd Division (Solignac) at Burgos:

15th, 47th, 70th, 86th Line (2 batts. each), Régiment Irlandais, Régiment de Prusse (2 batts. each) 135 6,925 573 398 43 8,074

Cavalry Division (Ste. Croix):

3 provisional brigades of 2 squadrons each from 16 dragoon regiments 255 5,193 31 – – 5,479

Artillery, Train, Engineers 30 1,614 4 62 – 1,710

Detachments forming garrison of Burgos 12 714 4 132 4 866

État-Major 88 – – – – 88

Corps Total 956 32,239 1,821 2,183 138 37,337

Total of the Eight Army Corps 6,651 184,310 9,463 33,955 2,180 236,559

TROOPS NOT FORMING PART OF THE EIGHT ARMY CORPS

Present under Arms.

Officers. Men. Detached. Sick. Prisoners. Total.

(1) Division Dessolles (Reserve) in march for Andalusia:

12th Léger (4 batts.), 43rd, 51st, 55th Line (3 batts. each) 229 8,125 1,277 960 50 10,641

(2) Government of Navarre (Dufour):

Garrison entirely composed of drafts, dépôts, and provisional units 177 8,335 192 972 – 9,676

(3) Government of Biscay (Valentin):

One batt. each of 118th, 119th, 120th Line, 3 régiments de marche, and 6 ‘Bataillons auxiliaires’ 329 14,943 2,299 1,834 – 19,405

(4) Provinces of Valladolid and Palencia (Kellermann):

Kellermann’s Division of Dragoons, 3rd, 6th, 10th, 11th 131 3,077 165 123 47 3,543

2nd, 3rd, 4th Swiss (1 batt. each), Garde de Paris 80 1,690 – – – 1,770

(5) Province of Segovia:

Laval’s German Division, detached from the 4th Corps, Nassau, Hesse, Baden, Holland (2 batts. each), Frankfurt (1 batt.), and Westphalian Chevaux-Légers, with French detachments garrisoning Segovia 204 4,203 1,730 3,371 231 9,739

(6) Madrid and New Castile:

1st Division of the 4th Corps:

28th, 30th, 72nd Line (2 batts. each) 125 4,123 90 1,710 35 6,083

Cavalry Brigade:

26th Chasseurs, 3rd Dutch Hussars 41 765 208 50 32 1,096

Artillery, Engineers, Train 49 1,472 83 107 – 1,711

Provisional Battalions newly arrived at Madrid 77 4,784 – 37 91 4,989

État-Major at Madrid 38 – – – – 38

Total in Madrid and New Castile 330 11,144 381 1,904 158 13,917

(7) Santander (Bonnet):

28th, 30th, 72nd Line (2 batts. each) 225 6,839 – 646 232 7,972

(8) Imperial Guard:

1st Division Young Guard (Roguet):

4 Regiments of Infantry, 1st Provisional Regiment of Cavalry 190 6,424 76 299 – 6,989

2nd Division Young Guard (Dumoustier):

4 Regiments of Infantry, 2nd Provisional Regiment of Cavalry 227 6,945 386 143 – 7,701

3rd Provisional Regiment of Cavalry 39 674 – – – 713

Artillery, Train, Engineers 40 1,854 – – – 1,894

État-Major at Madrid 8 – – – – 8

Total Imperial Guard 504 15,897 462 442 – 17,305

(9) Troops at Bayonne or near it and on the march for Spain:

Neuchâtel (1 batt.), Marines (2 batts.), 20 squadrons of Gendarmes, Artillery, Train, Engineers 357 12,939 318 47 – 13,661

(10) Arrière-Garde de l’Armée de Portugal [troops designated for service, who have not yet marched], afterwards forming Drouet’s 9th Corps 267 16,148 – – – 16,415

Grand Total 9,484 287,650 16,287 44,254 2,898 360,603

Of whom 324,996 are actually in Spain, and of these 262,051 are ‘Present under arms’ with the colours.

VIII

MUSTER-ROLL OF MASSÉNA’S ARMY OF PORTUGAL

ON SEPT. 15, 1810, JAN. 1, 1811, AND MARCH 15, 1811

From returns in the Archives Nationaux at Paris.

On Sept. 15, 1810. On Jan. 1, 1811. On March 15, 1811.

Officers. Men. Officers. Men. Officers. Men.

2nd CORPS, General Reynier.

1st Division, General Merle:

Brigade Sarrut:

2nd Léger (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batts.) 77 2,281 52 1,670 54 1,343

36th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batts.) 82 1,994 54 1,226 73 1,163

Brigade Graindorge:

4th Léger (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batts.) 77 2,078 48 1,318 61 1,142

Divisional Total 236 6,353 154 4,214 188 3,648

2nd Division, General Heudelet:

Brigade Foy:

17th Léger (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.) 57 1,341 48 998 34 876

70th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batts.) 71 2,387 40 1,422 41 1,231

Brigade Arnaud:

31st Léger (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batts.) 57 1,711 44 1,641 54 1,620

47th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batts.) 76 2,387 64 1,461 59 1,541

Divisional Total 261 7,826 196 5,522 188 5,268

Cavalry Brigade, General P. Soult:

1st Hussars, 22nd Chasseurs, 8th Dragoons, Hanoverian Chasseurs 106 1,291 92 1,048 91 808

Artillery, Train, Engineers 25 1,554 33 1,251 *[641] *[641]

État-Major 66 – 65 – 60 –

Grand Total of Corps 694 17,024 540 12,035 527 9,724

6nd CORPS, Marshal Ney.

1st Division, General Marchand:

Brigade Maucune:

6th Léger (1st, 2nd batts.) 42 1,436 29 1,008 33 1,011

69th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.) 56 1,661 47 1,198 42 1,058

Brigade Marcognet:

39th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.) 58 1,628 54 1,249 37 1,150

76th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.) 58 1,732 52 1,350 39 1,247

Divisional Total 214 6,457 182 4,805 151 4,466

2nd Division, General Mermet:

Brigade Bardet:

25th Léger (1st, 2nd batts.) 37 1,678 39 1,363 37 1,275

27th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.) 59 1,827 59 1,550 32 1,185

Brigade Labassée:

50th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.) 65 2,056 54 1,551 51 1,431

59th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.) 60 1,834 60 1,556 42 1,430

Divisional Total 221 7,395 212 6,040 162 5,321

3rd Division, General Loison:

Brigade Simon:

26th Ligne (5th, 6th, 7th batts.) 64 1,561 46 989 47 1,077

Légion du Midi 18 546 17 363 15 397

Légion Hanovrienne (2 batts.) 29 1,129 19 611 23 698

Brigade Ferey:

32nd Léger (2nd batt.) 20 393 14 243 18 262

66th Ligne (4th, 5th, 6th batts.) 68 1,762 42 1,353 44 1,316

82nd Ligne (4th and 6th batts.)[642] 40 1,196 25 733 36 801

Divisional Total 239 6,587 163 4,292 183 4,551

Cavalry Brigade, General Lamotte:

3rd Hussars, 15th Chasseurs 74 1,606 48 604 51 839

Artillery, Train, Engineers 28 1,403 34 1,735[643] * *

État-Major 82 – 77 – 70 –

Grand Total of Corps 858 23,448 716 17,476 617 15,177

8th CORPS, General Junot Duc d’Abrantès.

1st Division, General Clausel:

Brigade Ménard:

19th Ligne (4th batt.) 19 634 18 278 [644] 231

25th Ligne (4th batt.) 16 571 15 253 [644] 238

28th Ligne (4th batt.) 17 442 19 324 [644] 250

34th Ligne (4th batt.) 15 624 13 342 [644] 305

Brigade Taupin:

15th Léger (4th batt.) 21 813 17 485 18 501

46th Ligne (4th batt.) 18 546 15 259 [644] 202

75th Ligne (4th batt.) 19 532 16 233 [644] 178

Brigade Godard:

22nd Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th batts.) 80 2,427 72 1,648 70 1,617

Divisional Total 205 6,589 185 3,822 88 3,522

2nd Division, General Solignac:

Brigade Gratien:

15th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.)[645] 63 1,262 58 925 62 906

86th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.)[645] 55 1,090 54 1,006 43 982

Brigade Thomières:

65th Ligne (1st, 2nd, 3rd batts.) 82 2,680 80 1,951 65 1,555

Régiment Irlandais 37 971 23 525 21 462

Régiment de Prusse 29 957 22 354 22 435

Divisional Total 266 6,960 237 4,761 213 4,340

Cavalry Division, Gen. Ste. Croix:

1st, 2nd, 4th, 9th, 14th, 26th Dragoons, two squadrons of each 92 1,771 86 895 118 1,443

Artillery, Train, Engineers 17 964[646] 23 1,083[647] * *

État-Major 75 – 69 – 70 –

General Total of Corps 655 16,284 600 10,561 489 9,305

RESERVE OF CAVALRY, General Montbrun.

Brigade Lorcet:

3rd[648] and 6th Dragoons 52 1,040 51 793 51 733

Brigade Cavrois:

11th Dragoons[649] 27 634 28 557 28 551

Brigade Ornano:

15th and 25th Dragoons 57 1,369 57 1,178 58 1,014

Horse Artillery 6 294 4 162 * *

Divisional Total 142 3,337 140 2,690 137 2,298

Artillery Reserve, Train, and Engineers not attached to any corps[650] 54 2,311 42 1,546 127 5,728[651]

Gendarmerie 6 171 7 190 6 210

État-Major of the Army and officers not attached to any corps 66 – 60 – 62 –

Total of the whole Army 2,475 62,575 2,105 44,488 1,965 42,442

Note.—On Dec. 26 General Gardanne brought up to the front the 4/86th Line originally left at Ciudad Rodrigo, and some drafts, making in all 1,393 men; these are counted in the figures of Jan. 1, 1811. On Feb. 5 General Foy brought up in a similar fashion 1,862 convalescents and drafts: these are counted in the figures of March 15, 1811.

The losses of the original 65,050 men who entered Portugal were therefore greater by 3,255 casualties than is shown in the table. The increase in the number of some regiments (e. g. 47th Line and Ste. Croix’s Dragoons) between Jan. 1 and March 15 is thus explained. Of the original 65,000 only 40,000 remained, not 44,000, on March 15, 1811.

There is another ‘return’ in the Archives Nationaux dated Sept. 27 where the figures are slightly lower than those given above, the total running to 62,538 effectives present instead of 65,050. The 2,500 men deficient represent the sick, stragglers, etc. between Sept. 15 and Sept. 27. The Second Corps for example returns 896 ‘sick present’ in addition to its 16,641 ‘effectives present.’ The 62,538 represent therefore the exact fighting-force at Bussaco.

N.B.—No French return gives the 44th Équipage de Marine, which certainly marched with Masséna on Sept. 15. This naval battalion of 924 men should be added to the total.

IX

BRITISH LOSSES AT THE COMBAT OF THE COA, JULY 24, 1810

Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total.

Officers. Men. Officers. Men. Officers. Men.

Staff – – 1 – – – 1

1/43rd Foot 3 15 10 86 – 15 129

1/52nd Foot – 1 2 16 – 3 22

1/95th Foot 1 11 8 55 1 53 129

1st Portuguese Caçadores – 2 – 7 – 7 16

3rd Portuguese Caçadores – 2 1 24 – 2 29

Cavalry—1st Hussar, K.G.L., and 16th Light Dragoons – 1 1 3 – 2 7

Total 4 32 23 191 1 82 333

The total in the text, as in Wellington’s dispatch, is wrong because of the omission of the 16 wounded of the 1/52nd who are inserted from the regimental returns, Wellington made out the total to be 317.

X

WELLINGTON’S ARMY AT BUSSACO, SEPT. 27, 1810

INFANTRY

Officers. Men.

1st Division, General Spencer:

Stopford’s Brigade:

1st Coldstream Guards 24 790 1,684

1st Scots Fusilier Guards 26 791

1 company 5/60th Foot 2 51

Lord Blantyre’s Brigade:

24th Foot, 2nd batt. 30 338 1,516

42nd Foot, 2nd batt. 23 391

61st Foot, 1st batt. 36 648

1 company 5/60th Foot 3 47

Löwe’s Brigade:

1st Line batt. K.G.L. 28 510 2,061

2nd Line batt. K.G.L. 31 453

5th Line batt. K.G.L. 30 460

7th Line batt. K.G.L. 24 429

Detachment Light Batts. K.G.L. 6 90

Pakenham’s Brigade:

7th Foot, 1st batt. 26 843 1,792

79th Foot, 1st batt. 38 885

Total of 1st Division 327 6,726 7,053

2nd Division, General Hill:

W. Stewart’s Brigade:

3rd Foot, 1st batt. 32 826 2,247

31st Foot, 2nd batt. 27 384

48th Foot, 2nd batt. 27 454

66th Foot, 2nd batt. 30 433

1 company 5/60th Foot 1 33

Inglis’s Brigade:

29th Foot 31 430 1,818

48th Foot, 1st batt. 32 519

57th Foot, 1st batt. 28 727

1 company 5/60th Foot 2 50

Catlin Craufurd’s (Wilson’s) Brigade:

28th Foot, 2nd batt. 32 522 1,672

34th Foot, 2nd batt. 36 617

39th Foot, 2nd batt. 27 394

1 company 5/60th Foot 2 42

Hamilton’s Portuguese Division attached to 2nd Division:

Archibald Campbell’s Brigade:

4th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,164 2,250[652]

10th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,086

Fonseca’s Brigade:

2nd Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,317 2,690[652]

14th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,373

Total of 2nd Division 306 10,371 10,677

3rd Division, General Picton:

Mackinnon’s Brigade:

45th Foot, 1st batt. 35 560 1,808

74th Foot, 1st batt. 38 456

88th Foot, 1st batt. 40 679

Lightburne’s Brigade:

5th Foot, 2nd batt. 31 464 1,160

83rd Foot, 2nd batt. 43 461

90th Foot, 5th batt. (three companies) 16 145

Champlemond’s (vice Harvey’s) Portuguese Brigade:

9th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,234 1,775[652]

21st Line Regiment (one batt.) – 541

Total of 3rd Division 203 4,540 4,743

4th Division, Major-General Cole:

Alex. Campbell’s Brigade:

7th Foot, 2nd batt. 29 585 2,109

11th Foot, 1st batt. 42 920

53rd Foot, 2nd batt. 25 448

1 company 5/60th Foot 2 58

Kemmis’s Brigade:

27th Foot, 3rd batt. 34 785 2,448

40th Foot, 1st batt. 48 1,007

97th Foot 27 493

1 company 5/60th Foot 4 50

Collins’s Portuguese Brigade:

11th Line (two batts.) – 1,438 2,843[652]

23rd Line (two batts.) – 1,405

Total of 4th Division 211 7,189 7,400

5th Division, General Leith:

Barnes’s Brigade:

1st Foot, 3rd batt. 35 733 1,879

9th Foot, 1st batt. 30 585

38th Foot, 2nd batt. 29 467

Spry’s Portuguese Brigade:

3rd Line (two batts.) – 1,134 2,619[652]

15th Line (two batts.) – 905

Thomar Militia (attached) – 580

Lusitanian Legion (three batts.), Baron Eben[653] – 1,646 2,807[652]

8th Line (two batts.), Colonel Douglas – 1,161

Total of 5th Division 94 7,211 7,305

Light Division, Brigadier-General Craufurd:

Beckwith’s Brigade:

43rd Foot, 1st batt. 40 804 1,896[652]

95th Foot, 1st batt. (four companies) 12 384

3rd Portuguese Caçadores – 656

Barclay’s Brigade:

52nd Foot, 1st batt. 29 946 1,891[652]

95th Foot, 1st batt. (four companies) 12 358

1st Portuguese Caçadores – 546

Total of Light Division 93 3,694 3,787

Independent Brigades of Portuguese Infantry:

1st Brigade, Brig.-Gen. D. Pack:

1st Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,089 2,769

16th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,130

4th batt. Caçadores – 550

5th Brigade, Brig.-Gen. A. Campbell:

6th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,317 3,249

18th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,386

6th batt. Caçadores – 546

6th Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Coleman:

7th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 815 2,345

19th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,124

2nd batt. Caçadores – 406

Total of Independent Portuguese Brigades 8,363

CAVALRY

4th Dragoons (two squadrons) 15 195

ARTILLERY

British Horse 18 314

British Field 37 663

K.G.L. Field 19 299

Portuguese –[654] 880[655]

Total Artillery 74 2,156 2,230

ENGINEERS 24 19 43

WAGGON TRAIN 25 397 422

STAFF CORPS 1 40 41

GENERAL TOTAL

British. Portuguese. Total.

Infantry 24,777 24,549 49,326

Cavalry 210 – 210

Artillery 1,350 880 2,230

Engineers 43 – 43

Waggon Train 422 – 422

Staff Corps 41 – 41

Total present at Bussaco 26,843 25,429 52,272

N.B.—It may be convenient to give here the list of the units of Wellington’s field army which were not present at the battle of Bussaco; these were:—

Officers. Men.

British Cavalry:

De Grey’s Brigade:

3rd Dragoon Guards 18 392 620

4th Dragoons (two squadrons) 14 196

(Near Mealhada.)

Slade’s Brigade:

1st Dragoons 20 513 967

14th Light Dragoons 17 417

Anson’s Brigade:

16th Light Dragoons 23 440 902

1st Hussars, K.G.L. 19 420

(Both near Mealhada.)

Fane’s Brigade:

13th Light Dragoons 29 401 430

Portuguese Cavalry (under Fane):

1st Regiment – 422 1,450

4th Regiment – 451

7th Regiment – 223

10th Regiment – 354

(All beyond the Alva in the direction of Chamusca, &c.)

Lecor’s Portuguese Division:

Bradford’s Brigade:

12th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,277 2,811

13th Line Regiment (two batts.) – 1,078

5th batt. Caçadores – 456

Militia Brigade:

Three regiments (Idanha, Castello Branco, Covilhão) – ?2,000 2,000

4,811

(At and about Ponte de Murcella, and behind the Alva.)

In garrison at Lisbon, 88th Foot, 2nd batt. 68 1,086

In march for Lisbon, 58th Foot, 2nd batt.

At Raiva, 1 comp. K.G.L.

Sick – 6,565

‘On command’ – 2,220

Of the remaining Portuguese regiments Nos. 5 and 17 were at Elvas, No. 20 at Cadiz, No. 22 at Abrantes, No. 24 had been taken prisoner at Almeida. These are not part of the field army.

The total of the fractions of the field army not present at Bussaco was 9,180.

XI

MASSÉNA’S ORDERS FOR THE BATTLE OF BUSSACO

Moura, 26 7^bre 1810.

Demain le 27 7^bre l’armée attaquera les hauteurs en avant de Moura occupées par l’armée ennemie.

Le 2^nd Corps attaquera la droite de l’armée ennemie: il tentera à cet effet de couper la ligne, en gravissant un des points de la montagne le plus accessible. Il y arrivera par une ou deux colonnes, en se faisant précéder par des tirailleurs. Une fois arrivé sur le sommet du point qu’il aura décidé d’attaquer, il se formera en colonne serrée, et descendra par la crête de la montagne sur le chemin de Coimbre. Le point où il devra s’arrêter est le Couvent de Bussaco. Il aura soin de se former une réserve, pour se soutenir au besoin. Son artillerie sera disposée de manière à pouvoir contrebattre celle de l’ennemi, et à lui servir de point d’appui.

Le 6^me Corps attaquera par les deux chemins qui conduisent sur la route de Coimbre; une de ses divisions formera sa réserve, et son artillerie sera placée par différentes positions, pour pouvoir le soutenir au besoin. M. le Maréchal Ney disposera ses deux colonnes d’attaque de manière à donner quand le Général Reynier sera maître des hauteurs, et qu’il marchera sur le Couvent de Bussaco. Ce sera à M. le Maréchal Ney à presser son attaque s’il voit que l’ennemi s’avance pour faire un mouvement sur le Général Reynier, ou pour faire un mouvement de retraite (sic)[656]. M. le Maréchal est trop pénétré de l’à-propos de son mouvement pour qu’on le lui détermine. Il se fera précéder par ses tirailleurs. Arrivé sur la crête de la montagne il se mettra en bataille pour l’ensemble des mouvements ultérieurs de l’armée.

Le 8^me Corps se rassemblera en arrière de Moura à 6 heures du matin. Il y prendra position, et fera des dispositions pour soutenir au besoin les corps d’armée attaquants, et pour marcher lui-même à l’ennemi.

Son artillerie sera placée de manière à arrêter l’ennemi s’il faisait un mouvement en avant.

La réserve de Cavalerie sera placée sur la route de Coimbre, en arrière et au centre du 8^me Corps.

Le Maréchal Prince d’Essling: Signé Masséna.

Copie conforme: Le Gén. de division B. N. Fririon. Pour son Excellence M. le duc d’Abrantès.

XII

LOSSES AT BUSSACO ENGLISH AND PORTUGUESE

Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total.

Officers. Men. Officers. Men. Officers. Men.

1st Division (Spencer):

Stopford’s Brigade:

1st Coldstream Guards – – – – – – –

1/3rd Guards – – – 2 – – 2

Blantyre’s Brigade:

24th Foot, 2nd batt. – – 1 – – – 1

42nd Foot, 2nd batt. – – – 6 – – 6

61st Foot, 1st batt. – – – – – – –

Pakenham’s Brigade:

7th Foot, 1st batt. – 1 1 22 – – 24

79th Foot, 1st batt. – 7 1 41 1 6 56

Divisional Loss – 14 5 111 1 10 141

2nd Division (Hill): No Losses whatever.

3rd Division (Picton):

Mackinnon’s Brigade:

45th Foot, 1st batt. 3 22 4 109 – 12 150

74th Foot, 1st batt. 1 6 1 21 – 2 31

88th Foot, 1st batt. 1 30 8 94 – 1 134

Lightburne’s Brigade:

5th Foot, 2nd batt. – 1 – 7 – – 8

60th Foot, 5th batt. – 3 5 16 – 5 29[657]

83rd Foot, 2nd batt. – – 1 4 – – 5

Champlemond’s Portuguese Brigade:

9th Line (two batts.) – 5 1 23 – – 29

21st Line (one batt.) 2 13 5 67 – – 87

Divisional Loss 7 80 25 341 – 20 473

4th Division (Cole): No Losses whatever.

5th Division (Leith):

Barnes’s Brigade:

1st Foot, 3rd batt. – – – – – – –

9th Foot, 1st batt. – 5 1 18 – – 24

38th Foot, 2nd batt. – 5 1 17 – – 23

Spry’s Portuguese Brigade:

3rd and 15th Line. No Losses whatever.

Lusitanian Legion. No Losses whatever.

Portuguese 8th Line:

two batts. 1 29 3 102 – 9 144

Divisional Loss 1 39 5 137 – 9 191

Light Division (Craufurd):

43rd Foot, 1st batt. – – – 8 – – 8

52nd Foot, 1st batt. – 3 3 10 – – 16

95th Foot, 1st batt. – 9 – 32 – – 41

1st Caçadores – 2 – 20 – 1 23

3rd Caçadores – 10 3 76 – – 89

Divisional Loss – 24 6 146 – 1 177

Pack’s Portuguese Brigade:

1st Line (two batts.) 1 4 2 32 – – 39

16th Line (two batts.) 1 2 2 26 – 2 33

2nd Caçadores 1 9 4 52 – – 66

Coleman’s Portuguese Brigade:

7th Line (two batts.) – – – 3 – – 3

19th Line (two batts.) – 8 1 28 – – 37

2nd Caçadores – 6 – 30 – 7 43

A. Campbell’s Portuguese Brigade:

6th Line (two batts.) – – – – – – –

18th Line (two batts.) – – – – – – –

6th Caçadores – 1 1 20 – 1 23

Total 3 30 10 191 – 10 244

Artillery:

British – 1 – 7 – – 8

K.G.L. – – – 3 – – 3

Portuguese – 1 – 8 – – 9

Total – 2 – 18 – – 20

General Staff – – 6 – – – 6

Grand Total 11 189 57 944 1 50 1,252

of whom British 5 99 34 457 1 30 626[658]

of whom Portuguese 6 90 23 487 – 20 626[658]

XIII

FRENCH LOSSES AT BUSSACO

Killed or prisoners. Wounded. Total.

Officers. Men. Officers. Men.

2nd CORPS.

Merle’s Division

Sarrut’s Brigade:

2nd Léger 2 81 16 209 308

36th Ligne 6 178 22 277 483

Graindorge’s Brigade:

4th Léger 11 118 9 110 248

Graindorge’s Brigade: – – – 2 2

Divisional Total 19 377 47 598 1,041

Heudelet’s Division

Foy’s Brigade:

17th Léger 2 60 20 271 353

70th Ligne 6 54 11 246 317

Arnaud’s Brigade:

31st Léger 3 67 7 219 296

47th Ligne – – 3 3 6

Artillery – – – 6 6

Divisional Total 11 181 41 745 978

Corps Troops:

Engineers – 1 – 2 3

Train – 1 – – 1

Grand Total 30 560 88 1,345 2,023

[Signed: Barbot, Saldere, Oct. 1.]

This return from the Archives du Ministère de la Guerre omits the État-Major, which had one officer killed and four wounded, and the Cavalry, which, though in reserve, had some slight losses, for Martinien’s Liste des Officiers shows that the 8th Dragoons and the 1st Hussars had each one officer wounded, and that Pierre Soult, the general commanding the brigade, was also hit; probably ten or a dozen casualties among the men are implied. But the casualties must have been very few in the mounted arm. Fririon, Masséna’s chief of the Staff, says that the prisoners of the second corps came to 15 officers and 349 rank and file, many of them wounded. If so, the killed must have amounted to 15 officers and 211 men.

Killed or prisoners. Wounded. Total.

Officers. Men. Officers. Men.

6th CORPS.

Marchand’s Division

Maucune’s Brigade:

6th Léger 2 70 12 281 365

69th Ligne 2 44 18 416 480

Marcognet’s Brigade:

39th Ligne – 19 3 213 235

76th Ligne – 7 3 83 93

Divisional Total 4 140 36 993 1,173

Mermet’s Division

Bardet’s Brigade:

25th Léger – 3 – 20 23

27th Ligne – – 1 – 1

Labassée’s Brigade:

(50th, 59th) no losses – – – – –

Divisional Total – 3 1 20 24

Loison’s Division

Simon’s Brigade:

26th Ligne 6 37 15 225 283

Légion du Midi 1 32 5 273 311

Légion Hanovrienne 4 26 5 182 217

Ferey’s Brigade:

32nd Léger 2 13 3 95 113

66th Ligne 5 15 15 123 158

82nd Ligne 3 18 4 145 170

Divisional Total 21 141 47 1,043 1,252

État-Major: – – 7 – 7

Grand Total 25 284 91 2,056 2,456

No return from the Artillery, part of which was engaged beside Moura, and must have had a few casualties, like that of the 2nd Corps.

8th CORPS. Junot’s corps having been in reserve, we should not have expected to find any casualties, but Martinien’s lists show a few officers—five in all—hit, in the 28th and 86th Ligne, besides an aide-de-camp of Clausel wounded. This must mean that the corps caught a few stray shells when it was brought up to cover the retreat of Ney’s routed divisions. It would be a minimum to estimate the losses at sixty. Three of Masséna’s adjoints de l’État-Major, and an officer from the Grand Park, are also mentioned as wounded in Martinien’s lists.

The total of the French losses therefore must have been quite 4,600 killed, wounded, and missing. The return accounts for no prisoners from the 6th Corps. But General Simon was certainly captured, and he is not likely to have been the sole prisoner.

XIV

WELLINGTON’S ARMY WITHIN THE LINES OF TORRES VEDRAS. MORNING STATE OF NOV. 1, 1810

I. BRITISH TROOPS (effective, without sick or detached)

Officers. Men. Total.

Cavalry Division (Stapleton Cotton):

De Grey’s Brigade: 3rd Dragoon Guards and 4th Dragoons 51 753 804

Slade’s Brigade: 1st Dragoons and 14th Light Dragoons 40 858 898

Anson’s Brigade: 16th Light Dragoons and 1st Hussars K.G.L. 39 769 808

Unbrigaded: 13th Light Dragoons 23 300 323

Total Cavalry 153 2,680 2,833

INFANTRY

1st Division (Spencer):

Stopford’s Brigade: 1st Coldstream Guards, 1st Scots Fusilier Guards, and one company 5/60th Foot 61 1,624 1,685

Cameron’s Brigade: 2/24th, 2/42nd, 1/79th Foot, and one company 5/60th 101 1,438 1,539

Erskine’s Brigade: 1/50th, 1/71st, 1/92nd Foot, and one company 5/60th Foot 108 1,935 2,043

Löwe’s Brigade: 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th Line battalion K.G.L., and a light company K.G.L. 120 1,561 1,681

Divisional Total 390 6,558 6,948

2nd Division (Hill):

Colborne’s Brigade: 1/3rd, 2/31st, 2/48th, 2/66th Foot, and one company 5/60th 138 1,967 2,105

Houghton’s Brigade: 29th, 1/48th, 1/57th, and one company 5/60th Foot 97 1,560 1,657

Lumley’s Brigade: 2/28th, 2/34th, 2/39th, and one company 5/60th Foot 94 1,395 1,489

Divisional Total 329 4,922 5,251

3rd Division (Picton):

Mackinnon’s Brigade: 1/45th, 1/74th, 1/88th Foot 117 1,564 1,681

Colville’s Brigade: 2/5th, 2/83rd, 94th, and three companies 5/60th Foot 122 1,533 1,655

Divisional Total 239 3,097 3,336

4th Division (Cole):

Kemmis’s Brigade: 2/27th, 1/40th, 97th, and one company of 5/60th Foot 118 2,454 2,572

Pakenham’s Brigade: 1/7th, 1/61st Foot, and Brunswick-Oels Jägers 125 2,095 2,220

Divisional Total 243 4,549 4,792

5th Division (Leith):

Hay’s Brigade: 3/1st, 1/9th, 2/38th Foot 89 1,958 2,047

Dunlop’s Brigade: 2/30th, 2/44th Foot 56 1,126 1,182

Divisional Total 145 3,084 3,229

6th Division (Alex. Campbell):

Only one Brigade; 2/7th, 1/11th, 2/53rd Foot, and one company 5/60th Foot 101 1,847 1,948

Divisional Total 101 1,847 1,948

Light Division (Craufurd):

Beckwith’s Brigade: 1/43rd, and companies of the 1st and 2nd 95th 56 1,427 1,483

2nd Brigade: 1/52nd and companies of 1/95th 52 1,230 1,282

Divisional Total 108 2,657 2,765

Infantry Unattached to any Division:

2/58th, 2/88th Foot, and one company K.G.L. 64 874 938

General Total of Infantry 1,619 27,588 29,207

British Artillery (Horse) 18 304 322

British Artillery (Foot) 48 797 845

K.G.L. Artillery 19 328 347

Total Artillery 85 1,429 1,514

Engineers 24 19 43

Train 24 398 422

Staff Corps 3 37 40

Total Effective Strength of the British Troops on Nov. 1, 1810:

Cavalry 153 2,680 2,833

Infantry 1,619 27,588 29,207

Artillery 85 1,429 1,514

Other Corps 51 454 505

Grand Total 1,908 32,151 34,059

The army had at the same time 9,213 men in hospital, and 2,628 men detached, who are not counted in the above total.

N.B.—Wellington, as it will be noted on page 451, says that he had only 29,000 British sabres and bayonets ready to take the offensive at this date. This appears to be an under-estimate; but it must be remembered that he (according to his custom) only counts rank and file, omitting officers. Moreover, the two battalions not brigaded, 2/58th and 2/88th, forming the garrison of the Lisbon forts, the gunners (about 200) in the forts, and the Train (as non-combatant) are also omitted in his calculation, so that 29,000 is not far out.

II. PORTUGUESE TROOPS (effective, without sick or detached)

From a Return of Oct. 29, 1810

Officers & Men Present.

Infantry of the Line:

1st Brigade (Pack): 1st and 16th Line, 4th Caçadores 2,267

2nd Brigade[659] (Fonseca): 2nd and 14th Line 2,414

3rd Brigade[660] (Spry): 3rd and 15th Line 2,163

4th Brigade[659] (Arch. Campbell): 4th and 10th Line 2,407

5th Brigade (A. Campbell): 6th and 18th Line and 6th Caçadores 2,442

6th Brigade (Coleman): 7th and 19th Line, and 2nd Caçadores 2,196

7th Brigade[661] (Baron Eben): 8th Line, 1st and 2nd Lusitanian Legion 2,083

8th Brigade[662] (Sutton, vice Champlemond): 9th and 21st Line 1,961

9th Brigade[663] (Collins, vice Harvey): 11th and 23rd Line 2,535

1st and 3rd Caçadores, attached to Light Division 964

12th Line[664], attached to Lecor’s Militia Division 1,213

Total Regular Infantry 22,645

Regular Cavalry (Fane’s Division):

1st, 4th, 7th, 10th Regiments 1,193

Regular Artillery (9 batteries) 701

Total Regulars of all Arms 24,539

N.B.—The Portuguese regulars had, over and above these 24,539 officers and men present with the colours, 3,011 men sick and detached.

Officers & Men Present.

Militia and Embodied Ordenança:

(1) Lecor’s Division (Alhandra Forts): Regiments of Santarem, Idanha, Castello Branco, Covilhão, and Feira. [12th Line, counted above, was also attached][665] 2,616

(2) At Bucellas Forts: Regiments of Lisbon (Termo), Thomar, Torres Vedras 1,907

(3) In the Forts facing Sobral: Atiradores Nacionaes (embodied Ordenança), 2 batts. 761

(4) In Torres Vedras Forts; Regiments of Lisbon (E.), Lisbon (W.), Setubal, Alcaçer do Sul 2,231

(5) At Mafra Forts: Regiment of Vizeu 691

Militia Artillery [composed of cadres from the regular artillery filled with Volunteers from the Militia and embodied Ordenança] 2,886

Total Militia, &c. 11,092

The Militia and embodied Ordenança had, over and above these 11,092 officers and men present with the colours, 1,267 sick and detached.

Dépôt Troops:

The dépôts of the Line and Militia contained, on Oct. 29, 6,470 more or less trained recruits, who had not yet joined their corps, but all did so before Dec. 1, and 530 sick. I have on page 434 reckoned the amount of these available on Oct. 15 at 3,000 men. Besides these 6,470 men there was at Peniche, outside the lines and in Masséna’s rear, a general dépôt of recruits, containing several thousand men who were not yet trained. Of these no account, of course, is taken here.

III. SPANISH TROOPS WITHIN THE LINES

Officers & Men Present.

Vanguard Division of the Army of Estremadura (La Carrera):

Principe (2 batts.), 1st and 2nd of Catalonia (1 batt. each), Vittoria (1 batt.)—about 2,500

[N.B.-One battalion of Principe, and Volunteers of Gerona, belonging to this division, remained behind at Badajoz.]

2nd Division (Charles O’Donnell):

Zamora (2 batts.), Rey (2 batts.), Toledo (2 batts.), Hibernia (2 batts.), Princesa (2 batts.), 2nd of Seville (1 batt.)—about 5,500

[N.B.-Fernando VII, Voluntarios de Navarra, and Tiradores de Castilla, belonging to this division, remained behind in Estremadura, at Badajoz and elsewhere.]

Total 8,000

These numbers are probably a little overstated; on Feb. 1 the whole Vanguard, including the battalions left behind, had only 2,687 effectives, and the whole 2nd Division, including the four battalions left in Estremadura, only 5,108. It is probable that the wastage of the Spanish troops when inside the Lines was not large, and that on Nov. 1 the whole of La Romana’s sixteen battalions did not make 7,000 men.

TOTAL OF REGULAR TROOPS IN THE LINES

British 34,059

Portuguese 24,539

Spanish 8,000

Total 66,598

Add Portuguese Militia and embodied Ordenança, 11,092 strong, and the total of organized troops in the Lines makes 77,690.

XV

THE BRITISH AND PORTUGUESE ARTILLERY IN THE CAMPAIGN OF 1810

To match the list of the Artillery units in Wellington’s army which the late Colonel F. A. Whinyates was so good as to compile for me for the year 1809, and which forms Appendix XI of my second volume, I have compiled, with the invaluable aid of Major John H. Leslie, R.A., who is responsible for all the British section, the following appendix to cover the year 1810.

Royal Horse Artillery.

Two troops served in the Bussaco campaign, viz.:—

A Troop, Captain H. D. Ross, which had arrived in Portugal in July 1809. [Present-designation, ‘A Battery,’ R.H.A.]

I Troop, Captain R. Bull, which had arrived in August 1809. [Present designation, ‘I Battery,’ R.H.A.]

There was also present in Lisbon the skeleton of D Troop, Captain G. Lefebvre. [Present designation, ‘V Battery,’ R.H.A.] But this unit had suffered from perils of the sea: a transport carrying part of its officers and men had been driven ashore on Ireland; and the portion which arrived in March 1810, being incomplete and almost horseless, was not sent to the front. It lent some men to the other two R.H.A. batteries: the rest were employed in the Lisbon Forts.

Royal Foot Artillery[666].

Two batteries served in the Bussaco campaign, viz.:—

6th Company, 7th battalion, Captain G. Thompson, which had arrived in March 1809. [Present designation, 18th Battery, R.F.A.]

7th Company, 8th battalion, Captain R. Lawson, which had arrived in September 1808. [Present designation, 87th Battery, R.F.A.]

There were also present in the Peninsula, but not in the Bussaco campaign:—

1st Company, 4th battalion, Captain J. Hawker [now 72nd Company, R.G.A.].

10th Company, 8th battalion, Captain P. Meadows [an extinct unit].

Both of which arrived at Lisbon in October 1810, and waited in the Torres Vedras Lines for the retiring army, having come too late for the field operations. Also

1st Company, 8th battalion, Bt.-Major A. Bredin [now 27th Battery, R.F.A.].

2nd Company, 1st battalion, 2nd Captain H. Baynes [now 2nd Battery, R.F.A.].

10th Company, 5th battalion, Captain F. Glubb [now 48th Company, R.G.A.].

All of which had arrived in 1808-9. But Baynes’s battery had not taken the field since Talavera, and Bredin’s and Glubb’s [both incomplete] had not gone to the front in 1809 or in 1810. They had all lain within the Lines since the winter of 1809-10.

In addition there were five batteries with Graham’s force at Cadiz.

8th Company, 5th battalion, Captain H. Owen [now 60th Company, R.G.A.].

6th Company, 9th battalion, Captain P. J. Hughes [an extinct unit].

6th Company, 10th battalion, Captain W. Roberts [now 63rd Company, R.G.A.].

4th Company, 10th battalion, Captain R. H. Birch[667] [now 21st Company, R.G.A.].

5th Company, 10th battalion, Captain W. H. Shenley [now 11th Company, R.G.A.].

King’s German Legion Artillery.

2nd Company, Captain C. von Rettberg [arrived August 1808].

4th Company, Captain A. Cleeves [arrived August 1808].

Both present at Bussaco. In the 1809 campaign they had been commanded respectively by Captains A. Tieling and H. L. Heise.

Portuguese Artillery.

The Portuguese Artillery force consisted of four regiments of about 1,200 men each, from which batteries were formed from time to time for field service, or garrison service indifferently.

In the Bussaco campaign there took part the following units, which were present at the battle:—

1st Regiment, two batteries under Major Alex. Dickson, both of 6-pounders, viz. those of Captain Pedro de Rozierres and Captain João da Cunha Preto.

2nd Regiment, two batteries under Major V. von Arentschildt, viz. those of Captain João Porfirio da Silva and Captain Jacinto P. M. Freire, both of 3-pounders.

4th Regiment, one battery commanded by Captain Antonio de Sousa Passos (6-pounders).

There were also at the front, but not engaged at Bussaco, two more batteries, which were with Lecor’s division behind the Alva, on the Ponte Murcella position—viz. one of 9-pounders, captainless till Oct. 1, when it came under the command of Captain Wilhelm Braun, and one of 3-pounders. The former joined Dickson’s division on Sept. 28; the latter joined Arentschildt’s division.

Two more field batteries joined the army at the Lines after its retreat: that of Captain Francisco Cypriano Pinto (6-pounders) was allotted to Dickson’s division; the other (no captain, 9-pounders) joined Arentschildt’s command.

The rest of the Artillery at Lisbon was utilized as garrison-artillery for the Lines, receiving into its ranks an immense proportion of half-trained volunteers from the Militia and Ordenança, so that the whole can hardly be considered as forming part of the regular army. I have reckoned it into the militia force in the preceding table. The districts served by this artillery, the commanders of the districts, and the number of effective men in each were on Nov. 15, 1810:—

Regulars. Militia- volunteers. Total.

Alhandra Forts—Major João C. Pinto 258 182 440

Bucellas Forts—Colonel Romão de Arriada 218 847 1,065

Monte Agraça Forts—Major J. J. da Cruz 150 300 450

Torres Vedras Forts—Captain F. J. V. Barreiros 150 248 398

Mafra Forts—Major Caetano P. Xavier 233 305 538

1,009 1,882 2,891

Adding these to the 701 men of the nine field batteries we get 3,592 in all, of whom 1,710 were regulars.

The officer in command of the whole Portuguese artillery was Marechal de Campo J. A. da Roza. Colonel Romão de Arriada commanded the 1st Regiment.

The 4th Regiment of the Portuguese artillery, that of the Oporto district, furnished only one battery (that of Captain Passos) to the army of Wellington, the rest of it being either serving with Silveira’s army in the north, or with Trant, or doing garrison duty at Oporto. This regiment had also contributed to the lost garrison of Almeida.

The 3rd Regiment supplied no men to the field army or the garrison of the Torres Vedras Lines, being absorbed in garrisoning Abrantes, Elvas, Campo Mayor, and the other places on the frontier south of the Tagus.