Washington Irving. First posthumous complete edition. New York, 1860–1861. 21 vols. These appeared originally as follows: Salmagundi, 1807–1808; History of New York, 1809; The Sketch Book, 1819; Bracebridge Hall, 1822; Jonathan Oldstyle, 1824; Tales of a Traveller, 1824; Columbus, 1828; Conquest of Granada, 1829; Companions of Columbus, 1831; The Alhambra, 1832; The Crayon Miscellany, 1835; Astoria, 1836; Captain Bonneville, 1837; Goldsmith, 1849; Mahomet, 1839–1850; Wolfert’s Roost, 1855; Washington, 1855–1859; Uncollected Miscellanies, 1866.

Bibliography

Compiled by Shirley V. Long for Cambridge History of American Literature, Vol. I, pp. 510–517.

Biography and Criticism

The standard life of Washington Irving is by P. M. Irving, The Life and Letters of Washington Irving. 1862–1864. 1864, 1879, 1883. 4 vols.

Boynton, H. W. Washington Irving. Boston, 1901.

Bryant, W. C. A Discourse on the Life, Character, and Genius of Washington Irving, 1860.

Curtis, G. W. Irving’s Knickerbocker. Critic, Vol. III. 1883.

Curtis, G. W. Washington Irving, in Literary and Social Essays. 1894.

Hazlitt, William. Elia, and Geoffrey Crayon, in The Spirit of the Age. 1825.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell. Irving’s Power of Idealization. Critic, Vol. III. 1883.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell. Tribute to Irving. Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings. 1858–1860.

Howells, William Dean. My Literary Passions. 1895.

Longfellow, H. W. Tribute to Irving. Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings. 1858–1860.

Lowell, J. R. A Fable for Critics. 1848.

Payne, W. M. Leading American Essayists. 1910.

Poe, E. A. Irving’s Astoria. Southern Literary Messenger, Vol. III. 1837.

Putnam, G. H. Cambridge History of American Literature, Vol. I, Bk. II, chap. iv.

Thackeray, W. M. Nil Nisi Bonum. Cornhill Magazine, Vol. I. 1860. Harper’s, Vol. XX. 1860.

Warner, C. D. American Men of Letters Series. 1881.

Warner, C. D. Irving’s Humor. Critic, Vol. III. 1883.

Warner, C. D. Washington Irving. Atlantic, Vol. XLV. 1880.

Warner, C. D. The Work of Washington Irving. 1893.

Fitz-Greene Halleck, The Poetical Works of. New York, 1847, 1850, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1858, 1859. Poetical writings with extracts from those of Joseph Rodman Drake. J. G. Wilson, editor. 1869, 1885. (These editions include the Croaker Papers.) These appeared originally as follows: Fanny, 1819; Alnwick Castle with Other Poems, 1827; Fanny and Other Poems, 1839; Young America, a Poem, 1865; Lines to the Recorder, 1866.

Biography and Criticism

The standard life is The Life and Letters of Fitz-Greene Halleck. J. G. Wilson. 1869.

Bryant, W. C. Some Notices on the Life and Writings of Fitz-Greene Halleck. 1869.

Dennett, J. R. The Knickerbocker School. Nation, Dec. 6, 1867.

Duyckinck, E. A. Fitz-Greene Halleck, in Putnam’s Magazine. 1868.

Leonard, W. E. Cambridge History of American Literature, Vol. I, Bk. II, in chap. v.

Poe, E. A. Fitz-Greene Halleck, in Complete Works, Vol. VIII. 1902.

Tuckerman, H. T. Reminiscences of Fitz-Greene Halleck, in Lippincott’s Magazine. 1868.

Wilson, J. G. Bryant and his Friends. 1886.

Collections

Boynton, Percy H. American Poetry, pp. 147–168, 626–629.

Duyckinck, E. A. and G. L. Cyclopedia of American Literature, Vol. II, pp. 207–212.

Griswold, R. W. Poets and Poetry of America. 1842.

Stedman and Hutchinson. Library of American Literature, Vol. V, pp. 216–225.

Joseph Rodman Drake. Poems by Croaker, Croaker and Co., and Croaker, Jr. First printed in the New York Evening Post. 1819. Reprinted as a pamphlet, 1819. The Culprit Fay and Other Poems. 1835. The American Flag. 1861.

Biography and Criticism

Corning, A. L. Joseph Rodman Drake. Bookman. 1915.

Howe, M. A. DeW. American Bookmen. 1898.

Poe, E. A. Fancy and Imagination. Complete Works, Vol. VII. 1902.

Wells, J. L. Joseph Rodman Drake Park. 1904.

Wilson, J. G. Bryant and his Friends. 1886.

Wilson, J. G. Joseph Rodman Drake, in Harper’s Magazine. June, 1874.

Collections

Boynton, Percy H. American Poetry, pp. 136–153, 624–626.

Duyckinck, E. A. and G. L. Cyclopedia of American Literature, Vol. I, pp. 201–207.

Griswold, R. W. Poets and Poetry of America. 1842.

Stedman and Hutchinson. Library of American Literature, Vol. V, pp. 363–379.

TOPICS AND PROBLEMS

Read the “Salmagundi Papers” and “The Citizen of the World” for evident influences. Close attention will reveal obligations not merely in the use of a foreign observer, a slight narrative thread, and the kind of topics treated, but also in actual detail passages.

Read passages covering the education of Goldsmith in Irving’s Life, in Macaulay’s essay, and in Thackeray’s “English Humourists,” and compare the degrees of sympathy with which Goldsmith is presented.

In connection with the problems of international copyright, see passages indicated in the table of contents or index of the following volumes: “Matthew Carey, Publisher,” by E. L. Bradsher; “Letters of Richard Watson Gilder” (edited by Rosamond Gilder, 1916); “These Many Years,” by Brander Matthews, 1917; “Memories of a Publisher” and “The Question of Copyright,” by George Haven Putnam, 1915; “Mark Twain, a Biography,” by A. B. Paine, 1912.

Read “John Bull” in “The Sketch Book” for the passages in specific reference to the English government.

Read “Rural Life” in “The Sketch Book” for a further obligation to Goldsmith—the influence of “The Deserted Village.”

Read “Bracebridge Hall” for a further development of English life and character begun in the “Sketch Book” essays discussed in the text.

Read “The Alhambra” for a comparison in subject matter, method, and tone with the three stories in “The Sketch Book.”

Pick out the five essays in literary criticism in “The Sketch Book” for the light they throw on Irving’s literary likings and critical acumen.

Read in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” the description of the domestic group at the Van Tassels for comparison with similar pictures in the English sketches.

Compare the “Croaker Papers” with the “Salmagundi Papers.”

Read Halleck’s “Fanny” (see Boynton, “American Poetry,” pp. 154–158) for comparison in method with the “Croaker Papers.”

Read Joseph Rodman Drake’s “To a Friend” for an appeal for originality characteristic of the period and then read “The Culprit Fay” (“American Poetry,” pp. 136–146) for a nonfulfillment of the authors’ own appeal.