SUBJECT INDEX

Abbreviations, 41-42.

ability, capacity, 154.

abominate, 192.

Abridgment, 266-270.

Abstract, 266-270.

accept, except, 160.

acceptance, acceptation, 154.

access, accession, 154.

act, action, 155.

Adjective and noun, concord of, 48-49.

Adjective, singular, with plural noun, 49.

advance, advancement, 155.

affect, effect, 160.

African words, 185.

aggravate, irritate, tantalize, 161.

Agreement. See Concord.

ain’t, 149.

alienate, antagonize, 162.

Alienism, 152, 153.

Allegory, 250.

allude, mention, 161.

alternative, choice, 155.

amateur, 152.

Ambiguity, 43, 233-234.

Americanisms, 153.

and, 97, 100.

Anglo-Saxon prefixes and suffixes, 186-187.

Anglo-Saxon words, 182-183, 235-238.

antagonize, alienate, 162.

Apostrophe, the, 37.

apt, likely, liable, 167.

Arabic words, 185.

Argument, 280-282:

proposition, 280;

exposition of terms, 281;

subjects for, 126-127, 281-282.

Arnold, M., 149.

around, round, 177, foot-note.

artiste, 153.

as ... as, 55.

Asterisks, 37.

Audience, necessity of, 10, 136-137, 141-142.

Authority, in choice of words, 147.

Authors, the best, 149.

autoharp, 153.

avocation, vocation, 156.

bad or badly, 57.

baggage, luggage, 148.

balance, remainder, 156.

Barbarisms, 151-153.

beau monde, 153.

Beauty of style, 229.

begin, commence, 162.

Bible, 212.

blickey, 147.

bogus, 175.

Brackets, 35.

bring, fetch, 162.

Briticisms, 153.

Bunyan, J., 212.

burglarize, 152.

but, 100.

c doubled in word, 17.

calculate, intend, 164.

can, may, 165.

capacity, ability, 154.

Capitals, rules for, 21-23.

Case, government of, 53-54.

Cases, concord of, 52.

Chapter, 75.

character, reputation, 156.

Chinese words, 185.

Choice of words. See under Words.

claim, assert, etc., 162.

Clauses, subordination of, 96-101.

Clearness, 43, 227-228, 251, 255.

Cleft infinitive, 46-47.

Climax, 112-113, 229.

Coherence, 44, 101-102.

Collective noun, 47.

Colon, 30-31.

combine (noun), 152.

Comma, 24-28;

with and, 84.

Comma-fault, 81.

commence, begin, 162.

Communication. See under English, writing of.

compliment, complement, 156.

Composition. See English, writing of.

Composition, whole. See Theme.

Compound words, 14-15.

Concord, 47-53:

of subject and predicate, 47-48;

of adjective and noun, 48-49;

of pronoun and antecedent, 49-52;

of cases, 52;

of tenses, 52-53.

Conjunction, 55, 56, 97, 99, 100.

continual, continuous, 167.

Correspondence, forms of. See Letter-writing.

council, counsel, 157.

Courtesy in letters, 255-256.

Criticism:

by the instructor, 2-4;

by the class, 10.

Curious words, 191-192.

Dash, 31-32.

Deficiency of words, 233.

demean, 40, foot-note;

demean, degrade, debase, 162-163.

Description, 275-278:

traveller’s view, 276;

by inventory, 276;

fundamental image, 276;

point of view, 277;

topics for themes, 277-278.

desire, want, wish, 167.

Diacritical marks, 150.

Dialogue, punctuation of, 34-35.

Dickens, C., 149.

Diction, 227. See also under Words.

Dictionary, use of, 13-14, 150.

different than for different from, 56.

different to for different from, 56.

Digression:

in the sentence, 90-91;

in the paragraph or theme, 116-117.

discovery, invention, 157.

don’t, 153.

double entendre, 152.

drank and drunk, 63.

drive, ride, 163.

Dutch words, 185.

each as pronoun, 48.

effect, affect, 160.

either:

as distributive conjunction, 48;

as pronoun, 48;

either ... or, 48.

electrocution, 152.

else, a part of the noun, 63-64.

Emerson, R. W., 144.

eminent, imminent, immanent, 168.

Emotions, 228-229.

Emphasis, in the sentence, 110-112, 229.

Emphasis, punctuation for, 86-87.

endorse, approve, second, 163.

Endorsement, of theme, 2.

English, writing of, 5-11:

as an art of communication, 5-6;

as a useful art, 7;

as a fine art, 7-9;

limitations, 9-10;

writing for an audience, 10-11.

enthuse (verb), 152.

entre nous, 153.

Errors, in themes, 1, 3.

Essay. See Theme.

Etymology. See under Grammar.

Euphony, 229.

every (pronoun), 48.

except, accept, 160.

exceptionably, 175.

Exclamation point, 35.

Exercises. See under Subject.

Exposition, 279-280:

explained, 279;

subjects for, 126, 127, 279-280.

falseness, falsity, 157.

faux pas, 153.

fetch, bring, 162.

Figures:

figurative uses of common words, 199-203, 246-253.

Fiske, J., 149, 266.

flexibone, 153.

flunk, 148.

Force, 228.

Formal letters, 255, 259-260.

French words, 184.

funny, odd, 168.

Gallicisms, 152.

General words, 238-243.

gent, 152.

Good usage, 150.

got, gotten, have, 163.

grade, gradient, 148.

Grammar, 43-73:

to secure clearness, 43;

solecisms, 44;

coherence, 44-47;

concord, 47-53;

government, 53-54;

reference of pronouns, 54-55;

conjunctions and prepositions, 55-56;

use of adverb or adjective with verbs of sensation, etc., 56-58;

shall or will, 58-62;

matters of etymology, 63-64;

exercises, oral, 45-46, 53, 58, 61-62, 64-73.

Grammar. See also under Punctuation.

Greek roots in English, 191.

Green, J. R., 149.

Growth:

of paragraph from root, 75;

of thought, 114.

guess, think, reckon, 163.

guillotine, 191.

Hawthorne, N., 149.

healthy, healthful, 168.

Hellenism, 152.

Holden, E. S., 197.

Hughes, T., 149.

Hyperbole, 248.

Hyphen, 14-15.

Ideas and words, 195-197;

ideas without words, 194.

ill (adjective or adverb), 57.

imminent, eminent, immanent, 168.

Improprieties, 154.

in, into, 169.

Indentation, 1, 129-130.

India, words from, 185-186.

Indian words (North American), 186.

infant, derivation of, 6.

Infinitive, cleft. See Cleft infinitive.

Informal letters, 255, 260-261.

Interrogation point, 36.

invention, discovery, 157.

Inverted order, 104, foot-note, 110.

invite (noun), 152.

Italian words, 184.

Italics, 36-37.

James, H., 149.

Janus-clause, 46.

Jefferson, J., 137.

Keller, H., 194.

Language, English, formation of. See under Vocabulary, sources of.

Language, study of, 5-7.

Language, written. See under Rhetoric.

last, latest, 169;

last, preceding, 169.

Latin constructions. See Latinisms.

Latin element, 188-191:

words transferred to English, 188-189;

prefixes and suffixes, 189;

roots, 189-191.

Latin words, 181, 188-189, 190-191.

Latinisms, 50-51, 152.

lay, lie, 164.

let, 148;

let, leave, 164.

Letter-writing, 255-261:

use of capitals, 22;

why important, 255;

business letters, 255-258;

petition, 258-259;

formal social letters, 259-260;

personal or informal letters, 260-261;

exercises, 258-259, 259-260, 261.

liable, likely, apt, 167.

lie, lay, 164.

like, 56.

limit, limitation, 157.

litterateur, 153.

loan, lend, 165.

Localisms, 147.

locate, settle, 164.

Loose sentence, 102-103, 106, 109.

lot, 175.

luggage, baggage, 148.

mad, angry, 169.

majority, plurality, 158.

Malaprop, Mrs., 195.

Malayan words, 186.

managerial, 152.

Manuscript:

preparation of, 1-2;

once written “solid,” 23.

may, can, 165.

Memorizing of literature, 212;

of proverbs, 213.

mention, allude, 161.

Metaphor, 249.

Metonymy, 250.

Mexican words, 186.

most, almost, 169.

motorneer, 151.

mutual, common, 169.

Narration, 271-275:

historical narrative, 271;

fiction, 271;

choice of details, 272;

plot, 272-273;

complex incident, 275;

exercises, 272-273;

themes, 273-274, 275.

Nation, The, 266.

National usage, 148.

neither, as distributive conjunction, 48;

as pronoun, 48;

neither ... nor, 48.

nom de plume, 152.

none, 48.

Norman genitive, 63.

Norman-French words, 184.

Norse words, 183.

Note-book, need of, 4, 14, 199, 262-263.

Noun and adjective, concord of, 48-49.

Number of words. See Words, right number and skilful choice of.

O, in apostrophe, 35.

Observation, how sharpened, 277.

observation, observance, remark, 158.

Oh, punctuation of, 35.

Omission of words. See Words, omission of.

one’s self, 14.

only, and not only, 45-46.

onto, 175;

onto, upon, 153.

oral, verbal, 170.

Orthoëpy. See Pronunciation.

Orthography. See Spelling.

Outline of theme, 130, 138-139.

pants, 152.

Paragraph, division of. See under Sentence.

Paragraph:

indented, 1;

growth of, from root, 75;

History of the English paragraph, 114, foot-note;

nebulæ of, 116;

planning of, 117;

kinds of, 120-124;

expanding of one into several, 128-131.

Parkman, F. W., 149, 266.

part, portion, 159.

Participle:

unrelated, 49;

misrelated, 49;

in place of verbal noun, 49.

party, person, 158.

Periodic sentence, 103-106, 109-110;

defined, 104;

use of, 104;

abuse of, 104, 106.

permit, permission, 153.

Persian words, 186.

person, party, 158.

Personification, 250.

Petition, form of, 258-259.

photo, 152.

Planning, of theme, 114, 133-136;

of paragraph, 117.

plurality, majority, 158.

Plurals and singulars, 15.

point of view, 153.

Possessive, how formed, 15, 63.

posted, informed, 170.

practicable, practical, 171.

Predicate and subject, concord of, 47-48.

predominant, prominent, 159.

Prefixes and suffixes:

Anglo-Saxon, 186-187;

Latin, 189.

Preposition, 55-56.

Present usage, 148.

preventative, 152.

Prof., 152.

Prolixity, 229-231.

Pronoun:

neutral, 50;

indefinite, 50;

reference of, 54;

concord of, with antecedent, 49-52.

Pronunciation:

importance of, 18;

list of words mispronounced, 19-20.

propose, purpose, 165.

proved, proven, 165.

Proverbs, 213-215.

Provincialisms, 147.

Punctuation, 21-42:

disjunctive, 21, 84;

capitals, 21-23;

reasons for punctuation, 23-24;

comma, 24-28;

semicolon, 29-30;

colon, 30-31;

dash, 31-32;

quotation marks, 33-35;

brackets, 35;

exclamation point, 35;

interrogation point, 36;

italics, 36-37;

apostrophe, 37;

asterisks, 37;

abbreviations, 41-42;

punctuation for emphasis, 86-87;

exercises, oral, 29-30, 38-39;

exercises, written, 23, 27-28, 32-33, 36, 39-41.

quite, somewhat, very, rather, entirely, wholly, 171.

Quotation marks, 33-35.

Quotation, rhetorical, 22.

radiograph, 152.

Reading:

oral, 12-13;

care in, 203-211.

real, really, extremely, 171.

recipe, receipt, 159.

reckon, guess, think, 163.

Relative clause, restrictive and non-restrictive, 26, 27.

relative, relation, 159.

reportorial, 152.

Reproduction, 262, 270:

literal reproduction, 262-266;

summary, abstract, abridgment, 266-267;

material for, 267-270.

reputation, character, 156.

residence, house, 159.

resurrectionists, 175.

Rhetoric, defined, 6. See also under English, writing of.

ride, drive, 163.

“Roentgen rays,” names for, 151.

round, around, 177, foot-note.

Ruskin, J., 212, 241.

Saxon genitive, 63.

scotograph, 152.

Self-expression, 5, 11.

Semicolon, 29-30, 84-85.

Sensation, verbs of, use with adjective or adverb, 56-57.

Sense impressions, 205.

Sentence, 74-95:

part of the paragraph, 74-78;

long and short sentence, 78, 85;

sentence unity, 79-93;

unity of form, 79 (see also under Sentence, well-knit);

unity of substance, by excluding irrelevant ideas, 79-82;

by inclusion of all parts of an idea, 82-86, 88;

unity sacrificed for emphasis, 86-87;

seventeenth century paragraph, 88-90;

unity by keeping to the point, 90-91;

by supplying suppressed clauses, 92;

exercises, oral, 81, 85-86, 87, 90, 92-95;

exercises, written, 88-90.

Sentence, well-knit, 96-113:

unity of form, 96-102;

complex, 97-98;

loose and periodic sentence, 103-110;

emphasis, 110-112;

climax, 112-113;

exercises, oral, 98, 100, 102, 104-106, 107-109, 111-112.

set, sit, 166.

sewage, sewerage, 160.

shadowgraph, 152.

Shakespeare, 200-201, 212, 253.

shall and will:

in direct discourse, 58-60;

in indirect discourse, 60-61;

in questions, 61.

showing up, 175.

shunting, switching, 147.

sideways for sidewise, 49.

Signs, for marking themes, 3-4.

Simile, 249.

Simplicity, 229, 244-246.

Singulars and plurals, 15.

site, situation, 160.

skiagraph, 152.

slick, 151.

so ... as, 55.

So construction, 99-100.

Solecism, 44.

some, somewhat, 172.

South American words, 186.

Spanish words, 184-185.

Specific words, 235-238.

Spelling, 13-20:

practice in, 13-14;

of compound words, 14-15;

possessive, 15;

singulars and plurals, 15;

common errors, 16-17;

word-breaking, 17;

exercises, 16-18, 19-20.

spoonsful, 152.

spotted, 175.

standpoint, 153.

Stevenson, R. L., 149, 239.

stop, stay, 166.

Style, 227-229.

Subject and predicate, concord of, 47-48.

Subject, choice of, 136.

Subjects for themes. See Theme.

Suffixes. See Prefixes and suffixes.

Suggestive words, 229.

suicide (verb), 152.

Summary, 266-270.

Suppressed clause, 92.

Surplusage, 231-233.

switching, shunting, 147.

Syllables, joining of, 15.

Synecdoche, 248.

Synonyms, 215-225:

a method of study, 217-220;

groups of, 220-225;

books of, 219, 220, foot-note. (See also 154-180.)

Syntax. See under Grammar.

Tenses, concord of, 52-53.

Teutonisms, 153.

Thackeray, W. M., 149, 196.

Theme:

errors in, 1, 3;

title, 2;

endorsement, 2;

revision and rewriting, 2, 13;

signs in correcting, 3-4;

organizing of, 114-146;

different ways of planning, 114;

growth of thought, 114-116;

unity, 116-117;

planning paragraph, 117;

topic sentence, 117-120, 123-124;

kinds of paragraphs, 120-123, 126, 127-128;

expansion, 128-133;

proportioning, 133-136;

choice of subject, 136-138, 141-143;

outline, 130, 138-139;

specimen theme, 139-141;

transitions between paragraphs, 143-144;

transitions between sentences, 144-146;

exercises, oral, 123-126, 133-135, 141-142, 145-146;

exercises written, 131, 135, 141, 142-143, 144;

themes, 126-128, 141-142.

Theme, subjects for, 34, 81-82, 88, 126-128, 129, 131-133, 135-136, 141-143, 263-266, 267-270, 277-278, 281-282.

those kind, 48.

Thought, growth of, 114.

Threads of narrative, 275.

Topic sentence, 117.

Transitions, between paragraphs, 143-144;

between sentences, 144-145.

Translation, 211.

transpire, happen, 166.

Trope, 247.

Uniformity of sentence structure, 101-102.

Unity of form, in sentence, 79, 96-102.

Unity of substance:

in sentence, 74-95;

in theme, 116.

unless, without, 172.

Usage:

national, 147-148;

reputable, 148;

present, 148;

good, 150.

Variety:

of words, 226;

as an element of beauty, 229.

verbal, oral, 170.

Verbosity, 233.

Vocabulary, mastery of a writing, 194-226:

ideas without words, 194;

words without ideas, 194-195;

ideas and words, 195-197;

the two vocabularies, 197-199;

vocabulary book, 199;

figurative use of common words, 199-203;

value of careful reading, 203-211;

contributions from other studies, 211;

translation, 211;

memorizing of literature, 212-213;

English proverbs, 213-215;

synonyms for adjectives of praise, 216;

danger of bookish words, 216-217;

a method of study, 217-220;

groups of synonyms, 220-225;

variety, 226;

exercises, oral, 216, 218-219, 220;

written, 202-203, 218, 219-220, 225-226.

Vocabulary note-book, 4, 199, 262.

Vocabulary, sources of the English, 181-193:

historical sketch, 181-186;

Anglo-Saxon prefixes and suffixes, 186-187;

Latin element, 188;

Latin words transferred to English, 188-189;

Latin prefixes and suffixes, 189;

Latin roots in English, 189-191;

Greek roots in English, 191;

curious words, 191-192;

written exercise, 192-193.

Vocative words, punctuation of, 25.

Vulgarisms, 149.

walkist, 152.

want, wish, desire, 167.

well (adjective or adverb), 57.

West India words, 186.

wheatena, 153.

will and shall. See Shall and will.

wish, want, desire, 167.

with, introducing parenthetical clause, 47.

without, unless, 172.

Word-breaking, 17.

Words, correctness in choice of, 147-180:

authority, 147-150;

provincialisms or localisms, 147;

national usage, 147-148;

present usage, 148;

reputable usage, 148-149;

vulgarisms, 149;

good usage, 150;

dictionary, 150;

barbarisms, 151-153;

alienisms, 152-153;

improprieties, 154;

choice of nouns, 154-160;

verbs, 160-167;

adjectives and adverbs, 167-172;

exercises, oral, 172-174, 175-177, 178-180.

Words, figurative use of common. See Vocabulary.

Words, lists of:

incorrectly spelled, 16-17;

compound, 14-15;

mispronounced, 18-19;

Latin, 181-182, 188-189, 190-191;

Celtic, 182;

Anglo-Saxon, 182-183;

Norse, 183;

Italian, 184;

Spanish, 185;

Dutch, 185;

African, 185;

Arabian, 185;

Chinese, 185;

India, words from, 185-186;

Malayan, 186;

Persian, 186;

North American Indian, 186;

Mexican, 186;

West Indian, 186;

South American, 186;

Greek, 191;

curious, 191-192;

adjectives, 203;

synonyms, 220-225.

Words, omission of, 55, 92, 234-235.

Words, right number and skilful choice of, 227-253:

as affecting clearness, 227-228;

force, 228-229;

beauty, 229;

prolixity, 229-231;

surplus of, 231-232;

deficiency of, 233-235;

specific words, 235-238;

general words, 238-245;

ambiguous words, 243-244;

simple words, 244-246;

literal and figurative words, 246-253;

exercises, 232-233, 235, 237-238, 241-243, 243-244, 245-246, 253-254.

Words without ideas, 194-195.

Writing vocabulary. See Vocabulary.