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A Dictionary of the First or Oldest Words in the English Language

O.

Reading edition

O, == one. RG. 430, 454

O, == ever. O. and N. 1474. See Oo

Oak, sb. RG. 22. AS. ǽc

Oaken, adj. Alys. 6415

Oar, sb. HD. 711. AS. ár

Oath, sb. RG. 383, 506. AS. áð

Obedience, sb. 921 B.

Obeysant, adj. == obedient. RG. 503

Obligation, sb. RG. 391

Oblige, v. a. RG. 12. part. ‘y-obliged.’ RG. 389

Obok, == on the book. HD. 2311

Obon, == on, or in body. HD. 2505. See numerous other exx. of this form in Sir F. Madden’s Gloss. to Havelok under this word

Observe, v. a. Legend of St Cuthbert in Warton, H. E. P. vol. i. p. 15, n.

Ocean, sb. RG. 40

Ocquerne, sb. == dog-leather well dressed. M. Ode, st. 183. Fr. ocaigne

Odame, sb. == brother-in-law. Alys. 2081. See v. 2349. AS. áðum. N. H. G. eidam

Odwite, sb. == reproach. O. and N. 1231. AS. edwít, oðwítan

Of. O. and N. 9, 11

—— == on account of. O. and N. 40

Ofbore, v. n. == forbear. O. and N. 408

Ofchamed, part. == ashamed. O. and N. 932. AS. of-sceamian

Ofdawen, v. n. == recover one’s senses. Alys. 2265

Ofdrad, part. == afraid. O. and N. 1141

Oferen, v. a. == terrify. O. and N. 976. part. ‘oferd.’ O. and N. 399. AS. offǽred, affrighted

Off, adv. [of.] Pol. S. 188

Offer, v. a. RG. 545

Offering, sb. == donation. RG. 545; oblation. Alys. 6163

Office, sb. == duty. RG. 468

Offspring, sb. RG. 9

Ofgo, v. a. == overtake. 52 B.

Ofgrede, v. a. == call to. Alys. 581

Ofken, v. a. == bring forth (a child). Rel. S. iv. 42

Ofligge, v. n. == lie by, or on. O. and N. 1503

Oflonged, part. == oppressed with longing. O. and N. 1585

Ofscape, v. a. == escape. RG. 398

—— v. n. == escape. RG. 570

Ofsee, v. a. == see. pret. ‘of-sygh.’ Alys. 6060. AS. of-seón

Ofseek, v. a. == seek out. Miracles, 87

Ofsend, v. a. == send for. Alys. 1006, 1912

Ofserve, v. a. == observe. RG. 265

Ofslahe, part. == slain. O. and N. 1609

Ofspeak, v. a. == speak of, part. ‘ofspoke.’ Alys. 6518

Ofswink, v. a. == fatigue. RG. 40

Oft, adj. == frequent. RG. 264; comp. oter. RG. ibid.

—— adv. RG. 443

Oftake, v. a. == overtake. 53 B. 409 β

Ofthink, v. a. used impersonally == to repent of. ‘hem of-thouȝte here prute.’ RG. 163. AS. of-þincan

—— v. a. == think of, consider. Rel. S. v. 2

Oftoned, part. == made angry. O. and N. 254. AS. teonan

Ogaine, == again. For words compounded with ‘ogaine,’ see under Again

Oh, Ohen. See Owe

Oil, sb. RG. 13; [oli]. Ps. xxii. 5; [ely]. Marg. 60

Ointment, sb. Judas 126

Ok, == eke, also. HD. 1081

Ok. See Ache

Ok, == ac, but. Pol. S. 205

Okir, sb. == usury. Ps. xiv. 5. ON. okr. from auka, to increase

Oknes, == on knees. HD. 2252

Old, adj. RG. 474

Oli. See Oil

Olifaunt. See Elephant

Olive, sb. RG. 193

Olive, adv. == on, or in life, alive. HD. 2865. RG. 81

Oliver, sb. == olive. Alys. 5785

Oloft, adv. == aloft; lit. in the air. Ps. lxxiv. 8

On. See Owe

On, prep. Wright’s L. P. pp. 22, 38

Onan, adv. == anon. Ps. civ. 11

Onde, sb. == spite. RG. 40. AS. anda

Onde, sb. == breath. Alys. 3501. ON. anda

Ondi ? Body and Soul, 103

One, == the numeral. RG. 523. acc. s. ‘anne.’ O. and N. 792

—— == a certain person. RG. 289

—— == alone, single. Wright’s L. P. p. 81

Onelote, sb. == offering, or sacrifice. Ps. xxxix. 7; l. 21. Probably a corruption of AS. ‘of-lete’

Oneness, sb. == unity. Creed of St Athan. 11

Ones, adv. == of one kind. O. and N. 1393

Onfang, v. a. == conceive (of a woman); pret. ‘onfogh.’ Ps. l. 7. part. ‘onfanged.’ Id. ibid.

Onfrest, v. a. == delay. HD. 1337. AS. fyrst

Ongrede, v. a. == lament. O. and N. 1586

Onhede, sb. == unity. Creed of St Athan. 72

Oning, sb. == a darling, only child. Ps. xxi. 21

Onith, adv. == by night. HD. 1251

Onlepi. See Anilepi

Onlight, v. a. == illuminate. Ps. cxviii. 135

Onrese, v. n. == rush upon. Ps. lviii. 4

Onsene, sb. == countenance. O. and N. 1704. AS. on-syn

Onsprute, sb. == a sprouting forth. Ps. xvii. 16

Onwar, adj. == ware, aware. Wright’s L. P. p. 46

Onycle, sb. == onyx. Wright’s L. P. p. 25

Onyx, sb. Cok. 90

Oo, adv. == aye, ever. Wright’s L. P. pp. 43, 99

Ope, adj. == open. O. and N. 168. AS. open. ON. opinn, from ‘op,’ ostium, foramen. Lat. ap-erio

Open, v. a. Wright’s L. P. p. 71

—— v. n. 2209 B.

Openheaded, adj. == bareheaded. RG. 530

Openly, adv. Alys. 4003; [opeliche]. O. and N. 851

Orchard, sb. Alys. 1684. AS. orcerd

Ordain, v. a. (a clerk). 276 B.

—— == set in array. RG. 452, 456

Ordainer, sb. == tutor. RG. 469

—— == a setter in order. St Dunstan, 45

Orde, sb. == a point. K. Horn, 638. Alys. 1838

—— == beginning. O. and N. 1783. AS. órd.

Order, sb. == disposition, arrangement. Ritson’s AS. xvii. 100

Order, sb. (of friars). RG. 492

—— == holy orders. RG. 106; an order in the church, as the priesthood. St Swithin, 17

Ore, sb. == beginning. M. Ode, st. 91. AS. ór

Ore, adj. == one, an. O. and N. 17, 1748, 1752

Ore, sb. == grace, mercy. RG. 1, 8, 381. ON. eira, to spare

Oreless, adj. == merciless. M. Ode, st. 109

Orf, sb. == sheep. RG. 6, 378; [oreve]. O. and N. 1155. AS. yrfe

Orfreys, sb. == embroidery. Alys. 179. Fr. orfrais, vid. Roq. s. v.

Organ, sb. == musical instrument. Ps. cxxxvi. 2

Orgle, sb. == organ. Alys. 191. Germ. orgel

Orgulous, adj. == proud. Alys. 2006. AS. orgel. Fr. orgueil

Orison, sb. == prayer. RG. 435, 475

Orn. See Wine

Orpedship, sb. == valour. Alys. 1413. Orpinn is the partic. of ‘verpa,’ to ‘warp,’ or ‘throw,’ in O. Norse. Hence ‘orped’ comes to signify ‘headlong,’ ‘daring,’ or ‘valorous’

Osier, sb. [oyser]. Alys. 6186. Fr. osier

Ostede, == in the place. HD. 2549

Oth, adv. == out of. O. and N. 359

Oth, == other? O. and N. 115

Other, adj. RG. 375

Other, == or. RG. 376; ‘other—other’ == either—or. 638 β

Otherluker, adv. == otherwise. M. Ode, st. 76

Othom, sb. == uncle. RG. 182, 440. Germ. oheim. Dut. oom.

Ought, vb. See Owe

Ought, == anything. 765 B.

Oule, sb. == firehook. 478 β. Body and Soul, 207. AS. awel, ǽl

Ounce, sb. == the animal. Alys. 5228. Fr. once. Span. onza

Our, adj. 428 B.

Our, adj. == your? RG. 455

Out, adv. RG. 546

—— prep. ‘out of.’ RG. 547

Outbear, v. a. == bear out. Ps. lxxvii. 52. part. ‘outborn.’ Ps. ix. 26

Outbishett, part. == shut out. Alys. 25

Outcast, v. a. part. ‘outcasten.’ Ps. lxxxiii. 11

Outcasting, sb. == an outcast. Ps. xxi. 7

Outdraw, v. a. pret. ‘outdroghe.’ Ps. xxi. 10

Outdrive, v. a. Ps. xliii. 3

Outelyng, adj. == external, beyond others. Alys. 4914

Outen, adj. == foreign. Ps. xvii. 46

Outend, v. a. == exterminate. Ps. lxxix. 14

Outerly, adv. ‘al outerliche’ == intently. Alys. 220

Outgang, sb. Ps. xxx. 23

Outgate, sb. == going out. Ps. cxiii. 1

Outgo, v. n. Ps. xliii. 10. pret. ‘outyhode.’ Ps. xviii. 5

Outgoing, sb. Rel. Ant. ii. p. 191

Outlaw, sb. HD. 41

Outlead, v. a. Ps. lxvii. 7

Outlet, sb. [utlete]. O. and N. 1752

Outloted, part. == overthrown? Ps. cxl. 6. AS. lútan. part. ‘loten’

Outly, adv. RG. 66, 239

Outmost, adj. RG. 549

Output, v. a. Ps. v. 11

Outrage, sb. RG. 136; ‘said none outrage’ == spoke truly. RG. 432

Outseek, v. a. RG. 435

Outsend, v. a. Ps. ciii. 30

Outsheath, v. a. Ps. xxxvi. 14

Outshun, v. a. == make to avoid. Ps. xxiv. 15; to pluck up? Ps. cxxviii. 6

Outspit, v. a. part. ‘outspat.’ Alys. 1628

Outspring, v. n. pret. ‘outsprang.’ Alys. 493

Outsterandness, sb. == excuse. Probably for ‘outscerandness.’ Ps. cxl. 4. See the V. L. AS. scíran

Outstere, sb. == excuse. Probably for ‘outscere.’ Ps. cxl. 4. See the V. L. So ‘stakered’ is written for ‘skatered’ in v. 7

Outtake, v. a. == take out. Ps. vi. 5. part. ‘outane.’ Ps. cxxiii. 7

Outthrow, v. a. Ps. lxxii. 18

Outward, adv. 2208 B.

Outwending, sb. == departure. Wright’s L. P. p. 75

Outweringnes, sb. == vexation, weariness. Ps. xxx. 19

Outwryghe, v. a. == discover. Alys. 6483. AS. wreon

Ovemest, adj. == highest, upmost. Fragm. Sci. 24

Oven, sb. O. and N. 292 (in dat. ‘ofne’). AS. ofen

Ovenon, adv. ‘on ovenon’ == above, upon. Alys. 2234. S. S. anovenan. See Laȝ. iii. 34

Over, prep. == ‘across.’ Pol. S. 70

—— == superior to, beyond. Ps. cxviii. 103

Overal, adv. RG. 375

Overcast, adj. (of the sky). 1415 B.

Overcome, v. a. RG. 401, 454, 548

Overdear, adj. == very costly. RG. 389

Overdeed, sb. == a doing too much, surfeit. O. and N. 352

Overest, sb. == highest part. Ps. ciii. 3

Overfall, v. a. == fall upon. Ps. lvii. 9

Overfare, v. n. == pass away. HD. 2163

—— v. a. == pass over. O. and N. 387. pret. ‘overfore.’ Ps. cxxiii. 5. part. ‘overfaren.’ Ps. cxxiii. 5

Overgilt, part. == gilt. St Kath. 158

Overgo, v. n. [over-gan]. O. and N. 950

Overhead, sb. == blow on the head. Alys. 7396

Overheave, v. a. part. ‘overhoven.’ Ps. lxxi. 16

Overhele, v. a. == conceal. Ps. xliii. 16

Overhohe, v. a. == despise. O. and N. 1404. AS. ofer-hogian

Overhope, v. n. == hope constantly. Ps. cxviii. 43

Overmirth, v. n. == insult. Ps. xxxiv. 19

Overmost, adj. == highest. Ps. ciii. 13

Overnoon, sb. == midday. Ps. xxxvi. 6

Overquatie, v. a. == overfill. O. and N. 353. Halliwell gives ‘Quatted’ == full, satiated. Probably from the ON. kvett, meat; another form of kjöt

Oversee, v. a. == look over (lit.). O. and N. 30

Overshun, v. a. == swallow up? Ps. cxxiii. 4

Oversid. O. and N. 1436; either == oversees, looks after, from AS. ofer-seon; or == regards, takes charge of, from AS. ofer-sittan

Oversore, adj. RG. 280

Overspread, v. a. RG. 380

Overstie, v. a. == go over, surpass. Rel. S. iii. 1

Overswallow, v. a. [oure-swelyhe]. Ps. lxxviii. 16

Overtake, v. a. HD. 1816. Ps. vi. 2

Overthwart, adv. HD. 2822

Overward, adv. RG. 531

Overwerp, v. n. == lit. to throw over; hence neut. to overflow, boil over. Wright’s L. P. p. 83

Overwin, v. a. Ps. cviii. 3

Owe, v. a. == own or have. pres. ‘owe.’ RG. 432. pret. ‘ow.’ Pol. S. 204

—— v. a. == owe a person a thing, pres. ‘on.’ (s. q. if not ‘ou.’) RG. 311

—— v. n. == be obliged; have to do a thing. pres. ‘oh.’ Wright’s L. P. p. 70. pl. ‘ohen.’ Rel. S. v. 2; pret. ‘aute.’ RG. 452; ‘aȝte.’ RG. 202

Own, adj. [owe]. RG. 372, 437; [oȝe]. O. and N. 1648; [onne]. Wright’s L. P. p. 104

Ox, sb. 133 β

Oȝer, adj. == great, dreadful. O. and N. 118. AS. óga

Oȝyrt, == other. RG. 192

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