INDEX

Ability, and labour defined, 19; labour as opposed to, 29; capital as the implement of, 32; a name for the directive faculties, 33; value of directive, 68; monopoly of business, 89, 93; and individual motive, 110; modern socialists' recognition of products due to, 191; rent of business, 191, 194 Abstract justice, interest and, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226 Activity, two kinds represented by two groups of, 28; military distinct from industrial, 121 Agriculture, Mill on nature in, 181; and rent, 192 Allen, Grant, The Woman Who Did, 147 Arkwright, the inventor of the spinning-frame, 83, 197 Artist, the case of an, 115 Bastiat, his plane, 213, 214 Bellamy, Looking Backward, 92; his description of a socialistic Utopia, 92; his argument, 105 Bessemer, 197, 220 Boy messengers, 80 Bradlaugh, Charles, 85 Brazil, Rossi fails to found a socialistic colony in, 141 Brigand chief, his justification, 206 Capital, is labour in an externalised and permanent form, 14; is past labour crystallised, 14, 20; as the implement of ability, 32; fixed and circulating, 35; the primary function of, 40; its interest described by George as the gift of nature, 212 Capitalism (a comparatively modern phenomenon), causes of its accelerated development, 2; as a working system, 3; essence of modern, 14; and wages, 16; state and private, 62, 71; economics of: the "economic man" and economic science, 123, 124 Cause and effect, 185 Cellini, Benvenuto, 24 Christian socialism as a substitute for secular democracy, see Democracy; the message of, 153; its view of the steel-kings and the oil-kings, 153, 158, 160; its preaching a species of ecclesiastical electioneering, 156; and the faculty of invention, 159; abolishes competition, 160; on the moral conversion of able men, 160 Christian Socialist, The, 150 Christian socialists, are simply secular socialists of the more modern and educated type, 163; their temperamental deficiency finds its fullest expression in socialism, 172 Coleridge, Lord, 135 Colossal fortunes, growth of, 130, 131 Competition, 160 Corvée system, and slavery, 57, 58 Crozier, Dr. Beattie, Wheel of Wealth, 217, 218, 236 Darby of Coalbrookdale, 83 Demand and supply, 143 Democracy, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148; Christian socialism as a substitute for secular, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174 Direction, wage-capital an implement of, 70 Directive ability, 191; its value, 68; and socialism, 87; and labour, 182, 187, 189 to 193 —— faculties, 31; function of the, as applied to the operations of modern labour, 29; their function, illustrated by the case of a printed book, 29; name for the, 33 Dudley, 82 Eclecticism, 186 Economic distinction, abolished by the truly socialistic scheme, 58 Economic emancipation, is entire abolition of the wage-system, 56 —— man, the, 111, 123 —— motive, personal gain the primary, 127 —— opportunity, 254 —— science, capitalism and, 124; its reasonings, 177 —— values, 166 Economics of capitalism, 123 Eddy, Mrs., her Christian science, 150 Edison, 47, 150, 197, 220 Education, its ideal object as a means of happiness, 273 Electric lighting of London, 84 Equality of opportunity, 253, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276 Equilibrium an ideal, 288 Evolution, organic, 85 Evolutionary socialists, 102 —— sociology, 94 Fabian Essays, 58 Family life, 135, 140, 141 Fighting instinct, the, 121 France, state monopolies in, 80 Frederick the Great, 99 French revolution, 206 George, Henry, 210, 211 "Gospel for To-day, The," 151, 153, 157, 159 Great Eastern, The, 264 Greed, 125 Gronlünd, a disciple of Marx, 18 Happiness, an equation between desire and attainment, 273 Harrison, Frederic, the English prophet of Positivism, 118; on the soldier's willing service, 120 Helots in Sparta, 59 Heroism, socialists' view of, 118, 122 Hillquit, Mr., the American socialist, 42, 43, 50; and "common manual labour," 48, 50; his irrelevancies, 50; his argument, 51, 53; verbal jugglery of, 53 Ideal equilibrium, an, 288 Income, of labour, 197; earned and unearned, 226 Individual motive and democracy, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148 Industrial effort, its progress depends on thought and the advance of knowledge, 32; productivity of, 157 —— productivity, 195 —— towns, present structure of great, 294 Industry, state-directed, 81; the iron, 82 Intellect, inequalities of the human, 102, 107 Interest, and abstract justice, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226; socialistic attack on, 227, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252 Invention, Christian socialists on the faculty of, 159 Inventors, 160 to 162 Iron industry, the, 82 Jesuit Fathers in Uruguay, 193 Just reward of labour, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202 Justice, interest and abstract, 204, 206, 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226 Kidd, on rival and independent claims, 93; his argument, 103, 106 Labour, as a wealth-producer, 11, 21, 42; definition of ability and, 19; two distinguishable kinds of, 23; a productive agent, 25, 199; directive, 31, 71, 75, 77, 78; emancipation of, 47; the Marxian doctrine of the all-productivity of, 47; by itself, impotent to produce the wealth of modern nations, 54; and the socialistic promise, 127; as estimated by its actual products—the just reward of, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202; income of, 197, 295; as opposed to ability, 291 Labour-certificates, 12 Labourer, the ordinary manual, 66, 67, 174 Laplace, 91 Legislation, 134, 135; and the Government's will, 136 Lombe, the great silk-factory erected at Derby by, 197 L.C.C. steamboats, 73 Macaulay, Essay on Dryden, 92; on the absurdity of confounding speculative sociology with practical, 101 Machine-capital, 219 Machinery, a development of capitalism, 2; Marx on, 27; embodies labour directed in a new way, 38; the question of, 88 Majority, will of the, 129, 139, 140; powers of the "sovereign," 137 Marx, Karl, his formula, 7; his treatise on capital, 8; his theory summarised, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20; his doctrine of scientific socialism, 11, 18; his falsified prophecies, 17; errors of, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40; on machinery, 27; repudiated by modern socialists, 41, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 Melba, 116, 144 Military, distinct from industrial, activity, 121 Mill, J.S., 2, 32; Political Economy, 20, 21, 179; on nature in agriculture, 180, 181 Modern socialists, their repudiation of Marx, q.v.; and the question of motive, 90, 111, 113; their assertion, 115 Monastic orders, 117 Monopolists, 93 Monopoly, modern capital is, 38; of business-ability, 89, 93 Motive, ability, and individual, 110 —— individual, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 148 —— practical as distinct from moral, 287 —— socialists and, 90, 111, 113 Motives, discussion of various, 113 to 115 Multi-millionaires, 131 to 133; a suggested limit, 138 Napoleon III., 99 North American Review, 130 Opportunity, equality of, 253, 254, 256, 258, 260, 262, 264, 266, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276 Orders, monastic, 117 Organic evolution, 185 —— nature, products of, 210 Owen, Robert, 170; his views on socialism, 7 Peasant proprietors, 20, 57 Penny post, 79 Plane, Bastiat's, 213, 214 Positivism, Frederic Harrison, the English prophet of, 118 to 120 Post Office, British, 79 Postal employé, the, 260, 261 Press, a state, 85 Problems of practical life, 95 Product, correspondence between productive effort and, 207 Production, unequal powers of, 142, 254; labour, capital, and law the only factors in, 191 Productive agent, labour as a, 25, 199 —— effort, the astounding advances of the efficiency of, 26 Productivity, industrial, 195 Rent, of business-ability, the, 191, 194; and agriculture, 192 Reward of labour, as estimated by its actual products, just, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 202 Ricardo, 2, 12, 32, 92 Roosevelt, President, 169 Rossi, Govanni, the Italian socialist, his failure to found a socialistic colony in Brazil, 141 Rousseau, his theory of the social contract, 283, 284 Ruskin, John, 23; his scheme of political economy, 118 Sentimental thinkers, 123 Shakespeare, 92, 96 Shaw, Bernard, 43, 208, 209; Man and Superman, 215, 216, 222 Slave, contrasted with wage-paid labourer, 59 Slavery, 57 Smith, Adam, Wealth of Nations, 25, 26, 36 Social Democratic Federation, its campaign and its catechism, 45 Social policy of the future, 278, 280, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 292, 294 Socialism, Christian. See Christian socialism —— historical beginning of, 1, et seq.; two ideas of, 1; and capitalism, 3; a theory, 5; regarded as a practical force, 8; basic doctrine of so-called scientific, 18; a fallacy, 49, 167; proximate difficulties of, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88; its ultimate difficulty, 89, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128; "the Great Man theory," 91 Socialistic attack on interest, and the nature of its error, 227, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252 Socialistic temperament, debilitates the faculties, 169 —— theory of society, a, 56, 58 Socialists, on heroism, 118, 122; their two main doctrines, moral and economic, 165; their false and true theories of production, 166; their fallacy, 167 —— evolutionary, 102 Society, two contrasted groups of, 15 Sociology, scientific, 111 —— speculative, 109 Spencer, Herbert, 106; causal importance of the great man, 89 to 101; on modern production, 97, 98; Study of Sociology, 99; on the invention of the Times printing-press, 100; Social Statics, ibid.; criticised by Author's Aristocracy and Evolution, 101 State officials, 69 Steel and oil, 153, 158, 159, 160, 162 Supply and demand, 143 Utopia, Bellamy's description of a socialistic, 92 Value, surplus, 13 Wage-capital, 36, 37, 39, 41, 57, 58, 264; an implement of direction, 70; its waste brings about its own remedy, 71 Wagedom, socialists and, 59, 60 Wage-fund, division of total, 201 Wage-system, alternatives to, 57, 60; an escape from, 59 Watt, 221 Wealth, socialists' conception of, 145; a form of power, 146; superfluous, 155; produced by two functionally different classes, 176 —— of modern nations, "common manual labour" impotent to produce the, 48, 50, 54 Wealth-producer, the greed of the, 125 Wealth-producing power, labour's, 11, 21, 42 Webb, Sidney, 43, 58 to 60, 89, 90, 119, 191, 194, 197; his argument, 107, 108 Wilshire, Gayford, his leaflet, 47, 143, 257

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