HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH AUTHORS. (continued 2)

Hunter, Mrs. Anne. 1742–1821. Poet. Her lyrics possess much beauty, and some of them were set to music by Haydn. "My mother bids me bind my hair" is well known.

Hurd, Richard. 1720–1808. Bp. Worcester. Theologian. Author Dialogues, Sermons, etc. See edition 1811, 8 vols.

Hutcheson, Francis. 1694–1747. Irish metaphysician. Author of a System of Moral Philosophy, etc. Founder of the Scotch Metaphysical School.

Hutchinson, Mrs. Lucy. 1620–1659. Known to literature by her admirable Memoirs of her husband first published in 1808.

Hutton, Richard Holt. 1826 ——. His main work in the London Spectator. Author Essays, Theological and Literary. Pub. Har. Mac. Por.

Huxley, Thomas Henry. 1825 ——. Naturalist. Author Man's Place in Nature, Comparative Anatomy, Protoplasm, Lay Sermons, etc. A leader in modern thought and investigation. Pub. Apl. Mac.

Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon. 1608–1673. Historian. Author Hist. of the Great Rebellion. His style is defective, but he is fully master of his subject.

Inchbald, Mrs. Elizabeth. 1753–1821. Novelist and dramatist. Her novels, A Simple Story and Nature and Art were once popular, and some of her plays are yet acted. The best are Such Things Are, Wives as They Were and Maids as They Are, and Lovers' Vows. See Boaden's Life of, 1833; also Miss Kavanagh's Eng. Women of Letters. Pub. Har.

Ingelow [ĭn´jĕ-low], Jean. 1830 ——. Poet and novelist. Her novels Off the Skelligs, Don John, etc., though popular and entertaining, are inartistic in construction. Her poetry, though occasionally obscure, is always graceful and beautiful. Songs of Seven, The High Tide, and Divided are among the best. Pub. Rob. Rou.

Ingleby, Clement Mansfield. 1823 ——. Shakespearean scholar. Author of Shakespeare—the Man and the Book, View of the Shakespeare Controversy, etc.

Inglis, Henry David. 1795–1835. Scotch writer of travels.

Ingulphus. 1030?-1109. A monk to whom was long ascribed the famous History of the Abbey of Croyland. See Bohn's Antiquarian Library.

Ireland, Wm. Henry. 1777–1835. Shakespearean forger. Author of a wretched play called Vortigern, which he asserted to be by Shakespeare. See Ingleby's Shakespeare, The Man and the Book, Part 2.

Irons, Wm. 1812–1883. Theologian. Author of The Whole Doctrine of Final Causes, Parochial Lect., Sermons for the People, Hymns from the Hebrew, Athanasius Contoa Mundum, etc. Pub. Dut.

Irving, Edward. 1792–1834. Scotch theologian. Founder of the Irvingite, or Catholic Apostolic Church. See Lives by Wilkes and Mrs. Oliphant; also Carlyle's Reminiscences.

James I. King of Scotland. 1394–1437. Poet. The King's Quhair is a long love poem in 7-line stanzas, and pure and sweet in sentiment. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

James V. King of Scotland. 1511–1542. Poet. Supposed author of Peebles to the Play and Christ's Kirk on the Green: comic and satirical ballads.

James VI. of Scotland, I. of England. 1566–1625. Author of some feeble poetry, a number of theological treatises and a famous Counterblast Against Tobacco.

James, George Payne Rainsford. 1801–1860. Novelist. Author of an immense number of novels with a strong likeness to each other. Beginning by imitating Scott, he ended by copying himself. Pub. Har. Rou.

Jameson, Mrs. Anna. 1797–1860. An able writer who touched upon many topics. Characteristics of Women, Sacred and Legendary Art, and Diary of an Ennuyée, are some of her books. Her dissertations upon Shakespeare's women are keenly appreciative. See Memoir of, by Geraldine Macpherson; also H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches. Pub. Apl. Har. Hou. Por. Rou.

Jeaffreson, John Cordy. 1831 ——. Novelist and biographer. Author Live It Down, The Real Lord Byron, etc. Pub. Har.

Jeffrey, Lord Francis. 1773–1850. Scotch critic and essayist. One of the founders of the Edinburgh Review. A writer of great merit, but one whose judgment was often warped by prejudice. See Life by Lord Cockburn, 1852.

Jenkins, Edward. 1838 ——. Political satirist. Author Ginx's Baby, Lord Bantam, Haverholme, etc. Pub. Har.

Jenyns, Soame. 1704–1787. Moralist. See complete works of, London, 1790.

Jephson, Robert. 1736–1803. Dramatist. The Court of Narbonne and Duke of Braganza were successful tragedies in their day.

Jerdan, Wm. 1782–1869. Journalist. See Autobiography, 1853.

Jerrold, Douglas Wm. 1803–1857. Dramatist and humorist. Black-Eyed Susan and Rent Day are his best dramas. Of his other works, A Man Made of Money, Chronicles of Clovernook, and The Caudle Lectures are most noted. See Life by his son. Pub. Har. Hou. Rou.

Jerrold, Wm. Blanchard. 1826 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Son to D. W. J. Author Imperial Paris, Napoleon III., etc.

Jevons, Wm. Stanley. 1835–1882. Political economist. Author The State in Relation to Labor, Methods of Social Reform and other Essays, Investigations in Currency and Finance, etc. Pub. Apl. Mac.

Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor. 1821–1880. Novelist and journalist. Author of Zoë, Half Sisters, Constance Herbert, etc. Pub. Har.

Jewsbury, Maria Jane. Sister to G. E. J. See Fletcher, Mrs.

Johnson, Samuel. 1705–1773. Dramatist. Author Hurlothrumbo, etc.

Johnson, Samuel. 1709–1784. Lexicographer and miscellaneous writer. Author of London, a poetical satire, Rasselas, a didactic novel, Lives of the Poets, Dict. of the Eng. Lang., and numerous other works. His style is heavy and ponderous, but dignified, sonorous, and peculiarly his own. He was the greatest literary figure in England between 1745 and 1784. See Boswell's Life of, edited by J. W. Croker; also Johnson by Leslie Stephen in Eng. Men of Letters. Pub. Har. Le. Lit. Mac.

Johnston, Arthur. 1587–1641. Scotch poet. Noted for a fine Latin translation of the Psalms.

Johnstone, Charles. —— 1800. Novelist. His Adventures of a Guinea was once popular. See W. Scott's Lives of Eminent Novelists.

Jones, Sir Wm. 1746–1794. Poet, Orientalist, and translator. See edition of 1807 with Life.

Jonson, Ben. 1574–1637. Dramatist. A robust, dignified writer, more popular in his day than Shakespeare. Volpone, Silent Woman, Alchemist, Every Man in his Humor, and Every Man out of his Humor are his best comedies: Catiline and Sejanus his only tragedies. His pastoral drama, The Sad Shepherd, is graceful and sweet. See Cunningham's edition of Johnson, 1870, and Schlegel's Dramatic Literature. Pub. Apl. Rou.

Jortin, John. 1698–1770. Ecclesiastical historian.

Jowett, Benjamin. 1817 ——. Greek scholar. Translator of Plato and Thucydides. Pub Scr.

Junius. See Francis, Sir Philip.

Kames, Lord. See Home, Henry.

Kavanagh [kav´a-nä´ or kav´a-nah´], Julia. 1824–1877. Irish novelist. Author Nathalie, Eng. Women of Letters, Beatrice, etc. Pub. Apl. Ho.

Kaye, Sir John Wm. 1814–1876. Military historian. Author Hist. War in Afghanistan 1851, Hist. Sepoy War, Lives of Indian Officers, Essays of an Optimist, etc. Pub. Lip. Rou.

Keary, Annie. 1825–1879. Novelist. Author Castle Daly, A Doubting Heart, Heroes of Asgard, Clemency Franklyn, etc. See Memoir of, by her Sister; also Catholic World, July, 1879. Pub. Har. Mac. Por.

Keats, John. 1795–1821. Poet. A great master of the music of verse. The Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a Nightingale are nearly perfect poems. The Eve of St. Agnes, Isabella, Hyperion and Endymion are longer poems, full of sensuous richness of expression and intensity of feeling. See Rossetti's edition of. See Life of, by Lord Houghton.

Keble [kĕb´l], John. 1792–1866. Religious poet. Author Christian Year, Lyra Innocentium, etc. Versification musical and refined. See Shairp's Studies in Poetry and Philosophy, C. Yonge's Musings over the Christian Year, Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4, and Memoir by J. T. Coleridge. Pub. Dut.

Keddie, Henrietta, "Sarah Tytler." 1827 ——. Novelist. Author Citoyenne Jacqueline, What She Came Through, and several valuable literary and artistic handbooks. Pub. Har. Rob. Rou.

Keightley [kīt´lĭ], Thomas. 1789–1872. Historian. Author Hist. England to 1839, Outlines of Hist., Mythology of Ancient Greece, etc. Pub. Apl. Har. Lip.

Kemble, Adelaide. See Sartoris, Mrs.

Kemble, Frances Anne. 1811 ——. Poet and miscellaneous writer. See Allibone's Dict. Pub. Har. Ho.

Kemble, John Mitchell. 1807–1857. Anglo-Saxon scholar. Bro to A. K. and F. A. K. Author of The Saxons in England, etc. A writer of authority in his department.

Ken, Thomas. 1637–1711. Bp. Bath and Wells. Poet. His Morning and Evening Hymns introduced a simpler, sincerer style of religious poetry. See Life, by Duyckinck.

Kenney, Charles Lamb. 1823–1881. Dramatist. Author lives of Balzac and Balfe, etc. Pub. Rou.

Kenney, James. 1780–1849. Dramatist. Author Raising the Wind, etc.

King, Henry. 1591–1669. Bp. Chichester. Religious poet.

Kinglake, Alex. Wm. 1802 ——. Historian. A brilliant and powerful writer. Author Hist. Crimean War, Eothen, etc. Pub. Arm. Har.

Kingsley, Charles. 1819–1875. Novelist and poet. Author of Andromeda, the finest Eng. hexameter poem, and the stories, Alton Locke, Yeast, Westward Ho, Hypatia, At Last, etc. Style forcible but uneven. See Life by Mrs. Kingsley, 1876. Pub. Apl. Har. Mac. Lip. Scr.

Kingsley, Henry. 1830–1876. Novelist. Bro. to C. K. Author Ravenshoe, Silcote of Silcotes, Austin Elliott, Hetty, etc. Pub. Do. Har. Mac. Rou.

Kingston, Wm. H. G. 1843–1880. Author of spirited tales of adventure for young readers. Pub. Arm. Cas. Lip. Rou.

Kitchener, Wm. 1775–1827. Physician. Author of the Cook's Oracle, etc. Pub. Har.

Kitto, John. 1804–1854. Author of the Pictorial Bible, Cyc. of Biblical Lit., etc. Pub. Ca. Phi.

Knatchbull-Hugesson, Edward. 1829 ——. Writer for children. Author Crackers for Christmas and several vols. of fairy tales. Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.

Knight, Charles. 1791–1873. Shakespearean scholar and miscellaneous writer. Author of a Pictorial Hist. England, etc. Editor of a Pictorial Shakespeare, etc. See Passages from the Life of (pub. Put.). Pub. Fu. Lip. Por.

Knight, Richard Payne. 1750–1824. Poet and antiquary. His verse is worthless, but his archæological works are much esteemed. See edition, 1874, N. Y.

Knolles [nōlz], Richard. 1540–1610. Historian. His Hist. of the Turks was much praised by Dr. Johnson and Hallam.

Knowles, Herbert. 1798–1817. Religious poet.

Knowles, James Sheridan. 1794–1862. Irish dramatist. His best tragedies are Caius Gracchus, Virginius, and Wm. Tell. The Hunchback is his finest comedy. While his works will not bear severe criticism, they are popular and among the best acting of modern plays. See edition, 1873.

Knowles, Richard Brinsley. 1819?-1882. Son to J. S. K. Journalist and historical writer. Was author of the comedy The Maiden Aunt.

Knox, Mrs. Craig. See Craig-Knox.

Knox, John. 1505–1572. Scotch theologian. Author Hist. Reformation in Scotland, and First Blast Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women. See Lives by Smeaton, 1572; McCrie, 1812; Niemeyer, 1824; Laing, 1847, and Brandes, 1863. See Fraser's Mag. April, 1875; also Lorimer's John Knox and the Church of England.

Knox, Vicesimus. 1752–1821. Essayist. Author Winter Evenings, Family Lect., etc.

Knox, Wm. 1789–1825. Scotch poet. Best remembered for his poem "O why should the spirit of mortal be proud!" Pub. Le.

Kyd, Thomas. fl. c. 1590. Dramatist. Author Hieronimo, The Spanish Tragedy, etc. See Lamb's Dramatic Poets.

Kynaston, Francis. 1587–1642. Poet.

Laffan, May. 18— ——. Novelist. Author Hogan, M. P., Flitters, Tatters and the Counsellor, Christy Carew, and The Honorable Miss Ferrard. Pub. Ho. Mac.

Lang, David. 1793–1878. Librarian and bibliographer. A literary student of great diligence, and editor and author of some two hundred and fifty works.

Laing, Malcolm. 1762–1818. Scotch historian. Author Hist. of Scotland, etc. Style independent and truthful.

Laing, Samuel. 1780–1868. Traveler. Author Norway, Tour in Sweden, etc., and translator of the Heimskringla, or Chronicle of the Kings of Norway.

Lamb, Caroline, Lady. 1785–1828. Novelist. Author Glenarvon, Graham Hamilton, etc.

Lamb, Charles. 1775–1834. Essayist. A humorist who is unsurpassed for gentleness and purity of style. Essays of Elia, Rosamond Gray, a tale, John Woodvil, a drama; and Specimens of Old Eng. Dramatists are his chief works. Among the Essays Dream-Children is the most nearly perfect. See Lives by Talfourd, Fitzgerald, and Procter. See Centenary edition of, 1875. Pub. Arm. Clx. Har. Lip. Rou.

Lamb, Mary Anne. 1765–1847. Sister to C. L. and co-author with him of Tales from Shakespeare, Poetry for Children, etc. See W. Carew Hazlitt's edition of Poems, Letters, etc. of Chas. and Mary Lamb, 1874; and Mary Lamb, by Anne Gilchrist, in Famous Women.

Landon, Letitia Elizabeth [Mrs. Maclean], 1802–1838. Poet and novelist. Her verse is melodious and delicate, but is lacking in force. See Poems of, edited by W. B. Scott, 1873. See Life by L. Blanchard, 1841, and Living Age, Jan. 6, 1883. Pub. Apl.

Landor, Walter Savage. 1775–1864. Poet and prose writer. Author Gebir, Heroic Idyls, Hellenics, etc., and of numerous prose works, of which the Imaginary Conversations is the chief. A strong, original writer, self asserting and unrestrained. See Forster's Life of, Stedman's Victorian Poets, Atlantic Monthly, April, May, and June, 1864, and Feb. 1883, H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches, and Landor, by Colvin, in Eng. Men of Letters. Pub. Lip. Rob.

Lane, Edward Wm. 1801–1876. Orientalist. Author Modern Egyptians, Arabic Lexicon, etc., and translator of the Arabian Nights. Pub. Lit.

Lang, Andrew. 1844 ——. Poet. Author Ballads in Blue China, Helen of Troy, etc. See Harper's Mag. May, 1882, "Some London Poets." Pub. Mac.

Langhorne, John. 1735–1779. Poet and translator of Plutarch.

Langland, Wm. c. 1322-c. 1400. Poet. Author Vision of Piers Plowman, an allegorical, satirical poem, aimed at the corruptions of the church. See edition by Wright, 1856; also Skeat's edition. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1. Pub. Mac.

Lardner, Dionysius. 1793–1859. Scientific writer.

Lardner, Nathaniel. 1684–1768. Theological writer. See Collected Works, with Memoir by Kippis, 1788.

Latham, Rob't Gordon. 1812 ——. Ethnologist. Author Man and His Migrations, etc.

Latimer, Hugh. c. 1491–1555. Bp. Worcester. Theologian. His Sermons are rude but forcible and strongly idiomatic discourses. See Corrie's edition. London, 4 vols. 8vo, 1845. See Life, by Demaus, 1869; and Tulloch's Leaders of the Reformation.

Law, Wm. 1686–1761. Theologian. Author Serious Call to a Higher Life, etc. See Life, by Tighe, 1813.

Lawrence, Geo. Alfred. 1827–1876. Novelist. Author Guy Livingstone, Sword and Gown, Sans Merci, Anteros, Maurice Dering, etc. Pub. Har. Lip.

Layamon. fl. c. 1200. Author The Brut, or Chronicle of Britain, a famous semi-Saxon poem. Style earnest and simple. See F. Madden's edition, 1847.

Layard [lā-ard], Austen Henry. 1817 ——. Archæologist. Author Nineveh and its Remains, Monuments of Nineveh, etc. Pub. Har.

Lear, Edward. 18— ——. Author Journal of a Landscape Painter, Nonsense Book, etc. Pub. Rob.

Lecky, Wm. Edw. Hartpole. 1838 ——. Irish historian. Author Hist. Rationalism, Hist. European Morals, Hist. England in the 18th Cent. etc. A careful, dignified writer who treats of history philosophically. Pub. Apl.

Lee, Frederick George. 1832 ——. Theologian and poet. Author of Historical Sketches of the Reformation, Lyrics of Life and Light, etc. See The Biograph, Aug. 1880. Pub. Dut.

Lee, Harriet. 1766–1851. Author [with Sophia L.] of the Canterbury Tales, a series of tales of much power. Byron's Werner is a version of one of them.

Lee, Holme. See Parr, Harriet.

Lee, Nathaniel. 1655–1692. Dramatist. Alexander the Great is one of his tragedies.

Lee, Sophia. 1750–1824. Novelist. Sister to H. L. Author of two of the Canterbury Tales, of several novels, and of the comedy The Chapter of Accidents.

Lee, Wm. 1815–1883. Irish theologian and ecclesiologist. His chief work is the Donnellan Lect. on the Inspiration of Scripture. A profound biblical scholar. Pub. Ca.

LeFanu, J. Sheridan.?—— 1874. Novelist. Author All in the Dark, Tenants of Malory, etc. Pub. Har.

Leighton [lā-ton], Rob't. 1613–1684. Abp. Glasgow. Theologian. His style is still much admired. See Pearson's edition, London, 1828, N. Y. 1859. Pub. Ca.

L. E. L. See Landon.

Leland, John. 1506–1552. Antiquarian. Author The Itinerary, etc.

Lemon, Mark. 1809–1870. Journalist, novelist, and dramatist. The Serious Family is his best known farce. Author Jest Book, etc. Pub. Mac.

Lempriere [lĕm´prĭ-er, or lem-preer´], John. 1765–1824. Scholar of note. Author of a Classical Dict., and a Universal Biography. Pub. Lip. Put. Rou.

Lennox, Mrs. Charlotte. 1720–1804. Novelist. Author Harriet Stuart and The Female Quixote.

Lesley, John. 1527–1596. Bp. Ross. Scotch historian. See Thomson's Edition, 1830.

Leslie, Chas. 1650–1722. Irish theologian. Leslie wrote A Short and Easy Method with the Deists, a controversial work once noted.

Leslie, Chas. Rob't. 1794–1859. Artist. Author Handbook for Young Painters, Memoirs Sir John Constable, Life and Times Sir Joshua Reynolds, etc. See Autobiographical Recollection of, edited by Tom Taylor, 1860.

L'Estrange [lĕs-trānj], Sir Roger. 1616–1704. Political writer and translator.

Lever [lē´ver], Chas. James. 1806–1872. Irish novelist. Author Harry Lorrequer, Charles O'Malley, etc., rollicking tales not greatly approved by the present taste. His later novels, like That Boy at Norcott's, etc., are soberer in tone. Pub. Har.

Lewes [lū-is], Geo. Henry. 1817–1878. Philosopher and critic. Author Problems of Life and Mind, Life of Goethe, Hist. of Philosophy, etc. Pub. Apl. Ho. Hou.

Lewes, Mrs. G. H. See Evans, Marian.

Lewis, Sir Geo. Cornwall. 1806–1863. Political and historical writer. See Letters of, 1870.

Lewis, Matthew Gregory. 1775–1818. Novelist. Famous as the author of The Monk, a fantastic, demoniac tale. See Life and Correspondence, 1839.

Leyden [li´den], John. 1775–1811. Scotch poet and Orientalist. See edition of his poems, 1858.

Liddell [lĭd´del], Mrs. Catharine Christina Fraser-Tytler. 1848 ——. Poet and novelist. Author Mistress Judith, Jonathan, Songs in Minor Keys, etc. Pub. Ho. Mac.

Liddell, Mrs. Edward. See Liddell, Mrs. C.

Liddell, Henry George. 1811 ——. Classical scholar. Author of a Hist. of Rome, and co-author with Scott of the noted Greek lexicon known as Liddell-and-Scott's. Pub. Har.

Liddon, Henry, Parry. 1830 ——. Theologian. Author Bampton Lect. 1867, University Sermons, Sermons to the People, etc. A leader of High Church thought. Pub. Dut.

Lightfoot, Joseph Barber. 1828 ——. Bp. Durham. Biblical commentator. Pub. Mac.

Lillo, George. 1693–1739. Dramatist. Author George Barnwell, Fatal Curiosity, and Arden of Feversham. A master of dramatic situations.

Lindsay, Sir David. 1490–1557. Scotch poet. See Chalmers' edition with Life, 1806. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Lingard, John. 1771–1859. Historian. Author Hist. England, Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Ch., etc. His history has a high rank and is valued as a fair statement of facts from a Roman Catholic standpoint. Pub. Est.

Linton, Mrs. Eliza Lynn. 1822 ——. Novelist. Wife to W. J. L. Author Lizzie Lorton, Sowing the Wind, etc. Pub. Har. Lip. Rou.

Linton, Wm. James. 1812 ——. Poet and Engraver. Author Claribel, Hist. Wood Engraving, Life Thos. Paine, etc. See Stedman's Victorian Poets. Pub. Est. Le.

Livingstone, David. 1817–1873. African explorer. Author Expedition to the Zambesi, Last Journals, etc. Pub. Har.

Lloyd, Chas.?—— 1839. Poet. Co-author with Chas. Lamb.

Lloyd, Robert. 1733–1764. Poet. See Collected Works with Life, by Kenrick, 1774.

Locke, John. 1632–1704. Philosopher. Author of the famous Essay on the Understanding, a work of great penetration and power. See Life by Fox-Bourne, and Locke, by T. Fowler in Eng. Men of Letters. Pub. Apl.

Locker, Frederick. 1821 ——. Poet. Author London Lyrics, etc. Style airy and graceful. See Century Mag. Feb. 1883.

Lockhart, John Gibson. 1794–1854. Scotch critic and biographer. A writer of much talent and for 27 years editor of the Quarterly Rev.: author Lives of Nelson, Scott, Burns, Napoleon, etc. See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches. Pub. Har. Ho. Hou.

Lockyer, Joseph Norman. 1836 ——. Astronomer. Author Contributions to Solar Physics, etc. Pub. Apl. Mac.

Lodge, Edmund. 1756–1839. Historian. Author Illustrations of British Hist., Portraits of Illustrious Persons of Gt. Britain, etc.

Lodge, Thomas. c. 1555–1625. Dramatist and Poet. To his novel Roslynde; Euphues Golden Legacy, Shakespeare owes the plot and incidents of As You Like It. See As You Like It, Rolfe's edition, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. I.

Logan, John. 1748–1788. Scotch poet. His verse is fresh and simple, and his Song to the Cuckoo has great beauty. See edition 1805, with Life.

Long, George. 1800–1879. Classical scholar. Author Roman Law, Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic, etc.

Loudon, Mrs. Jane. 1800–1858. Wife to J. C. L. Author of The Mummy, a tale, and several horticultural works. Pub. Rou. Wil.

Loudon, John Claudius. 1783–1843. Scotch horticulturist. His Arboretum Britannicum is his chief work.

Lovelace, Sir Richard. 1618–1658. Poet. His verse is principally amatory, and some of his songs are perfect of their kind. To Althea and To Lucasta are the most famous. See Carew Hazlitt's edition of 1864, and Ward's English Poets, vol. 2.

Lover, Samuel. 1797–1868. Irish dramatist, novelist, and poet. Rory O'More and Handy Andy are his best known novels. His most famous song is Rory O'More. See Life by Bayle Bernard, 1874, and Samuel Lover, by A. J. Symington. Pub. Por. Rou.

Lower, Mark Antony. 1813–1876. Author Eng. Surnames, Curiosities of Heraldry, Patronymica Britannica, etc.

Lowndes, Wm. Thos.?—— 1843. Bibliographer. Author British Librarian and The Bibliographer's Manual.

Lowth [louth], Rob't. 1710–1787. Bp. London. Son to W. L. A classical and theological writer of great learning. See Life, by Peter Hall, 1834.

Lowth, Wm. 1661–1732. Theologian of note.

Lubbock, Sir John. 1834 ——. Naturalist. Author Origin of Civilization, Pre-Historic Times, British Wild Flowers, etc. Pub. Apl. Mac.

Lydgate, John. 1370–1450. Poet. An exceedingly diffuse rhymer. See minor works of pub. by the Percy Soc. 1842, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. I.

Lyell, Sir Chas. 1797–1875. Geologist. Author Elements of Geology, Travels in N. America, Antiquity of Man, etc. Pub. Apl. Har. Lip.

Lyly or Lily, John. 1553–1598. Dramatic poet. His dramas are forgotten, but his prose romance, Euphues and his England, is remembered for the great influence it had upon the speech of the time. L. was a reformer, though pedantic and fantastic. Euphuism has been ridiculed by Sydney, Jonson, Shakespeare, and Walter Scott. See Collins's Hist. Dramatic Poetry, Lamb's Specimens Early Eng. Poets, and Chas. Kingsley's Westward Ho.

Lyndsay. See Lindsay, David.

Lyte, Henry Francis. 1793–1847. Poet. His hymn, Abide with Me, is widely known. Pub. Le. Ran.

Lyttleton, George, Lord. 1709–1773. Author Dialogues of the Dead, Hist. Henry II., etc. See Life, by Phillimore, 1845.

Lytton. See Bulwer-Lytton.

Macaulay, Mrs. Catherine. 1733–1791. Historian. Author Hist. of England during the Stuart dynasty, etc.

Macaulay, Thos. Babington, Lord. 1800–1859. Poet, essayist, and historian. A brilliant but partisan writer. The impetuous rush and vigor of his Lays of Ancient Rome obscure their poetical defects. His essays are numerous and cover a wide range. His Hist. of England is a superb piece of writing but it lacks the calm impartiality that a history should possess. See Lines by Milman, F. Arnold and G. O. Trevelyan; Macaulay, by J. C. Morrison in Eng. Men of Letters; and H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches. Pub. Apl. Arm. Clx. Har. Hou. Lip. Lit. Por. Rou.

MacDonald, George. 1824 ——. Scotch novelist and poet. His work is all of an earnest, religious cast, but marred sometimes by mannerisms and vagueness of touch. Robert Falconer, Alec Forbes, and St. George and St. Michael are the best of his numerous novels. Phantastes contains some of his best poetry. See Lit. World, May 19, 1883. Pub. Apl. Do. Har. Lip. Mac. Rob. Rou. Scr.

Mackarness, Mrs. Henry. 1826–1881. Author of the tale A Trap to Catch a Sunbeam, etc. Pub. Rou.

Mackay, Chas. 1812 ——. Scotch poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Town Lyrics, etc. See Poems of, edition 1876. Pub. Rou.

Mackay, Wm. 1803–1882. Philosopher. Author Progress of the Intellect, Eternal Gospel, etc.

Mackenzie, Sir George. 1636–1691. Scotch miscellaneous writer. A voluminous author of much eminence in his day.

Mackenzie, Henry. Scotch novelist and essayist. Author the famous novel, The Man of Feeling, etc. See collected works, 1808. Pub. Har.

Mackintosh, Sir James. 1765–1832. Ethical and historical writer. See Memoirs by his son. Pub. Har.

Macklin, Chas. 1690–1797. Irish dramatist. Author of the bright comedy, The Man of the World. M. appeared on the stage as an actor till nearly 100. See Memoirs of, 1804.

Macleod [măk-lowd´], Norman. 1812–1872. Scotch miscellaneous writer. Author of The Starling, Reminiscences of a Highland Parish, etc. See Life by his brother, and Memoir by Alex. Strahan. Pub. Do. Lip. Rou.

Macneil, Hector. 1746–1818. Scotch poet. Author Will and Jean, etc.

Macpherson, James. 1738–1796. Scotch poet. Supposed author of a series of poems purporting to be by Ossian, an ancient Gaelic bard. These forgeries were immensely popular in spite of their wild and over-strained diction. M. never revealed the secret of their authorship. See H. Morley's Shorter Eng. Poems.

Macquoid, Mrs. Katherine S. 18— ——. Novelist. Author Patty, Beside the River, Too Soon, etc., and several vols. of travel, Through Normandy, Through Brittany, etc. Pub. Apl. Har. Lip. Mac. Ran. Rou.

Madden, Richard Robert. 1798 ——. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author The Infirmities of Genius, etc.

Magee, Wm. 1765–1831. Abp. Dublin. Theologian. His best known work is the Discourses on the Atonement. See complete works, 1842.

Magee, Wm. Connor. 1821 ——. Bp. Peterborough. Grandson to Wm. M. Religious writer. Author Sermons, Lectures, etc. Style eloquent and forcible.

Maginn, Wm. 1793–1842. Irish humorist. Style learned, witty, and brilliant. See Works, edited by R. S. Mackenzie, 5 vols., N. Y. 1857. Pub. Wid.

Mahaffey, John Peytland. 1839 ——. Author Hist. Classical Greek Lit., Old Greek Life, Rambles and Studies in Greece, Greek Social Life, Old Greek Education, etc. Pub. Apl. Har. Mac.

Mahoney, Francis, "Father Prout." 1805–1866. Irish poet and journalist. M. wrote the noted poem, The Bells of Shandon.

Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner. 1822 ——. Jurist. Author Roman Law, Ancient Law, Village Communities, Early Hist. of Institutions, etc. Pub. Ho.

Maitland, Edward. 18— ——. Novelist. Author The Higher Law, The Pilgrim and the Shrine, and By-and-By. Pub. Put.

Maitland, Sir Richard. 1496–1586. Scotch poet.

Malcolm, Sir John. 1769–1833. Diplomatist. Author Hist. of Persia, Political Hist. India, Life of Lord Clive, etc. See Kaye's Life of, London, 1856.

Mallet, David. 1700–1765. Scotch poet. Author Ballads, etc.

Mallock, Wm. Hurrel. 1849 ——. Novelist. Author Is Life Worth Living, The New Republic, Positivism on an Island, Romance of the 19th Cent., etc. A writer of much force and originality.

Malmesbury, Wm. of. 1095?-1143. Anglo-Norman historian.

Malone, Edmund. 1741–1812. Shakespearean scholar. Editor of the edition of 1790. See Life, by Prior, 1860.

Malory, Sir Thomas. 1430?-1496. Author or translator of the famous romance, The Morte d'Arthur. Pub. Mac.

Malthus, Thos. Robt. 1766–1834. Political economist. Author of a celebrated Essay on the Principle of Population. See Life, by Otter, 1836.

Mandeville, Bernard. 1670–1733. Philosopher. Author of the noted Fable of the Bees, or Private Vices Public Benefits, etc. See Craik's Eng. Lit. vol. 2.

Mandeville, Sir John. 1300–1372. "The first writer in formed English." He traveled extensively and wrote an entertaining account of his travels.

Manley, Mrs. Mary de la Riviere. 1672–1724. Novelist and dramatist. She wrote the noted political satire, The New Atlantis.

Manners, John Lord. 1818 ——. Poet. Author England's Trust, English Ballads, etc.

Manning, Anne. 1807 ——. Novelist. Author Mary Powell, Household of Sir Thos. More, Passages in the Life of the Faire Gospeller, etc. Pub. Do.

Manning, Henry Edw., Cardinal. 1808 ——. Theologian. Author Temporal Power of the Pope, Parochial Sermons, The Vatican Decrees, etc. See Century Mag. May, 1883. Pub. Apl. Sad.

Mannyng, Robert. fl. c. 1340. Rhyming chronicler.

Mansel, Henry Longueville. 1820–1871. Philosopher. Author The Limits of Religious Thought, Philosophy of Consciousness, Bampton Lect., 1858, etc. Pub. Apl. Mac.

Mant, Richard. 1776–1848. Bp. Killaloe. Religious writer. Author Poems, Hist. Ch. of Ireland, etc.

Mantell, Gideon Algernon. 1790–1852. Geological writer of note. Author Thoughts on a Pebble, Medals of Creation, etc.

Map, or Mapes, Walter. 1150–1196. Anglo-Norman poet and romancer.

Marlowe, Christopher. 1564–1593. Dramatist and poet. The greatest dramatist before Shakespeare. His Tamburlaine was the first blank verse play acted. Faustus, Jew of Malta, and Edward II. are powerful dramas. The influence of Marlowe is traceable in several of Shakespeare's plays. See editions by Cunningham and Dyce. See Schlegel's Dramatic Lit. Pub. Mac. Rou.

Marryatt, Frederick. 1792–1849. Marine novelist. Peter Simple, Jacob Faithful, and Midshipman Easy are among the best of his novels. They are lively, inartistic tales, full of broad fun and drollery. See Life, by his daughter Florence, 1872. Pub. Apl. Har. Lip. Rob.

Marryatt, Florence. See Ross-Church, Mrs.

Marsh, Mrs. Anne Caldwell.?—— 1874. Novelist. Author Ravenscliffe, Emilia Wyndham, Lettice Arnold, etc. Pub. Har.

Marsh, Herbert. 1757–1839. Bp. Peterborough. A profound writer on politics and divinity. Author of a noted Hist. of the Politics of Gt. Britain and France.

Marston, John. 1575–1634. Dramatist and satirist. See Halliwell's edition, 3 vols., London, 1856.

Marston, Philip Bourke. 1850 ——. Poet. Son to W. M. Author Song-Tide, All in All, etc., and of numerous sketches and tales. His verse is strongly subjective in tone. See Stedman's Victorian Poets.

Marston, Westland. 1820 ——. Dramatist and poet. The Patrician's Daughter is one of his best plays.

Martin, Theodore. 1816 ——. Translator and biographer. Author of Life of the Prince Consort, etc., and with W. E. Aytoun of the Bon Gualtier Ballads. See The Biograph, Jan. 1879. Pub. Apl. Por.

Martineau, Harriet. 1802–1876. Miscellaneous writer. Her illustrations of political economy are in the form of fiction. Deerbrook and The Hour and the Man are her most noted romances. Style strong, clear, and original. See Autobiography, 1876. Pub. Har. Ho. Mac. Por. Rob. Rou.

Martineau, James. 1805 ——. Theologian. Bro. to H. M. A leader of Unitarian thought. Author Studies of Christianity, Hymns of Praise and Prayer, Religious and Modern Materialism, Endeavors after a Christian Life, etc. Pub. Ho. Put. Rob. A. U. A.

Marvell, Andrew. 1620–1678. Poet and controversialist. As the former he ranks among the first of the minor poets of his time. His fancy is delicate and quaint. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2. Pub. Har.

Marzials, Théophile. 1850 ——. Poet and musician. Author of The Gallery of Pigeons, etc. Of his songs Twickenham Ferry is one of the best known. See The Biograph, March, 1880.

Mason, Wm. 1725–1797. Poet. His verse is wordy and feeble.

Massey, Gerald. 1828 ——. Poet. Author Babe Christabel, Craigcrook Castle, etc. His verse has more sweetness than strength. See Stedman's Victorian Poets.

Massinger [măs´sĭn-jĕr], Philip. 1584–1640. A writer of much power whose style is clear and flexible. The Virgin Martyr, Fatal Dowry, City Madam, and A New Way to Pay Old Debts, are his finest plays. The latter is often acted. See Works of, edited by Gifford, 4. vols.

Masson, David. 1822 ——. Scotch biographer and critic. Author British Novelists, Biographical and Critical Essays, Recent British Philosophy, etc. His chief work is a Life of Milton, a book of great merit and ability. See The Biograph, vol. 3. Pub. Mac. Apl.

Mathers, Helen. See Reeves, Mrs.

Mathias, Thos. James. 1776–1835. Supposed author of the poem The Pursuits of Literature.

Maturin [măt-yoo´rĭn], Chas. Robert. 1782–1824. Irish novelist. Author Melmoth, an extravagant romance, and the tragedy of Bertram.

Maurice [maw´rĭss], John Frederic Denison. 1805–1872. Theologian and ethical writer. A prominent Broad Church clergyman, writing much and well upon theology, philosophy, and other subjects. A Hist. Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy is his chief work. Others are Theological Essays, The Bible and Science, and the Friendship of Books. Pub. Le. Mac.

Maxwell, James Clerk. 1831 ——. Scientific writer of note. Pub. Apl. Mac.

Maxwell, Mrs. Mary E. [Braddon]. 1837 ——. Novelist. A writer of sensational tales, among which Aurora Floyd is the most famous. Her latest novels show a greatly improved style. Pub. Har.

Maxwell, Wm. Hamilton. 1794–1850. Irish novelist. His fiction is military in character. Pub. Rou.

Maxwell, Sir Wm. Stirling. 1818–1878. Author The Cloister Life of Chas. V., Velasquez and his Works, etc.

May, Sir Thos. Erskine. 1815 ——. Historian. Author Constitutional Hist. England, Hist. Democracy in Europe, etc. Style careful and thoughtful. See Lit. World, April, 1878, and The Biograph, March, 1880. Pub. Arm. Wid.

Mayhew, Augustus. 1812–1875. Littérateur.

Mayhew, Edward. 1813 ——. Veterinary writer. Bro. to A. M. Author Illustrated Horse Doctor, etc. Pub. Apl. Lip. Rou.

Mayhew, Henry. 1812–1876. Bro. to two preceding. Author London Labor and London Poor, German Life and Manners and numerous humorous works. Pub. Har. Rou.

Mayhew, Horace. 1819–1872. Humorist. Bro. to three preceding. Author Letters Left at the Pastry Cook's, etc.

Mayhew, Thomas. 1810 ——. Bro. to four preceding. Editor of the Penny National Library.

Mayne, John. 1761–1836. Scotch poet. Author of The Siller Gun, Logan Braes, etc.

Mayo, Mrs. Isabella Fyvie, "Edward Garrett." 1843 ——. Religious novelist. Author By Still Waters, Occupations of a Retired Life, Gold and Dross, etc. Pub. Do.

McCarthy, Denis Florence. 1820–1880. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Ballads, Poems, and other Lyrics, etc., and translator of the dramas of Calderon.

McCarthy, Justin. 1830 ——. Novelist and historian. Author Linley Rochford, Dear Lady Disdain, etc., and of a valuable Hist. of Our Own Times. Style graphic and forcible. Pub. Har.

McCulloch, John Ramsay. 1789–1864. Political economist. Author Principles of Political Economy, Dict. of Commerce, Statistical Account of the British Empire, etc.

Melmoth, Wm. 1710–1799. Translator of Pliny. Author Lælius, or Friendship, etc.

Melville, Sir James. 1535–1606. Scotch writer. Author Historical Memoirs.

Melville, J. G. Whyte. 1821–1878. Novelist. Author Kate Coventry, The White Rose, Katerfelto, etc. Style rapid and spirited. Pub. Apl. Por.

Meredith, Owen. See Bulwer-Lytton, E. R.

Merivale, Chas. 1808–1874. Historian. Author Hist. Latin Christianity, Fall of the Roman Republic, Hist. of the Romans under the Empire, etc. A writer of much ease and dignity of style, whose historical estimates are careful and valuable. Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.

Merivale, Herman. 1806–1874. Historical writer. Bro. to C. M.

Merrick, James. 1720–1769. Poet. His poem The Chameleon is well known.

Miall, Edward. 1809–1881. Political writer. Author Ethics of Non-Conformity, The Voluntary Principle, etc.

Mickle, Wm. Julius. 1734–1788. Scotch poet. His poem, Cumnor Hall, suggested Scott's Kenilworth. See Works of, 1808.

Middleton, Conyers. 1683–1750. Theologian. M. wrote a Life of Cicero and a Free Inquiry into the Miraculous Powers of the Church.

Middleton, Thomas. 1570–1627. Dramatist. The Witch of Edmonton, a tragi-comedy, is his most noted play. See Dyce's edition, 1840.

Mill, James. 1773–1836. Scotch historian and philologist. Author of an impartial Hist. British India, Analysis of the Mind, etc.

Mill, John Stuart. 1806–1873. Philosopher. Son to J. M. A profound but cold thinker and writer. Author System of Logic, Political Economy, Liberty, Subjection of Women, etc. See Autobiography, Table's Eng. Lit., and Caroline Fox's Memories of old Friends. Pub. Apl. Har. Ho. Lit.

Miller, Hugh. 1802–1856. Geologist. Author Old Red Sandstone, Footprints of the Creator, etc., works which greatly helped to popularize the study of geology. See Life, by Peter Bayne. Pub. Ca.

Miller, Thomas. 1808 ——. Poet and novelist. Author Rural Sketches, Country Scenes, Fair Rosamond, Songs for British Riflemen, etc. Pub. Rou.

Milman, Henry Hart. 1791–1868. Poet and historian. M. was author of Fazio, a successful drama, of an excellent Hist. of the Jews, of numerous poems, and editor of an annotated Gibbon. Pub. Arm. Har. Lit. Por. Put. Rou.

Milnes [milnz], Richard Monckton, Lord Houghton. 1809 ——. Poet and littérateur. Author Poems of Many Years, Life of Keats, etc. See Stedman's Victorian Poets. Pub. Rob.

Milton, John. 1608–1674. Poet. His literary life sharply defines itself into 3 periods; in the first, 1626–1640, he wrote the poems L'Allegro, Il Penseroso, the Pastoral of Comus, and the elegy Lycidas. During the second, 1640–1660, he wrote prose treatises, mainly controversial, such as the Areopagitica, and his sonnets. After 1660 came the great epics, Paradise Lost, and Paradise Regained, and the choral drama Samson Agonistes. A great artist, he created the Eng. epic, infusing it with his own severe strength and dignity. He had no humor or feeling for dramatic situation but he could be both graceful and tender as his early poems show. He was the great Puritan poet. Of the numerous Lives of Milton the best are, Masson's and Mark Pattison's Milton in Eng. Men of Letters. Pickering's, Rossetti's and Masson's are among the best editions of his poems. For complete edition of his prose works see Bohn's Standard Library. See Hines's Study of Paradise Lost. Pub. Mac.

Minto, Wm. 1845 ——. Littérateur. Author Characteristics of Eng. Poets, from Chaucer to Shirley, Manual of Eng. Prose Lit., Defoe in Eng. Men of Letters, etc. Pub. Har.

Mitford, John. 1781–1859. Poet and critic.

Mitford, Mary Russell. 1786–1855. Miscellaneous writer. Author of the tragedies Julian, Rienzi, Foscari, etc., and the charming series of those sketches entitled Our Village. See Fields' Yesterdays with Authors, and The Friendships of Mary Russell Mitford. Pub. Har.

Mitford, Wm. 1744–1827. Historian. Author Hist. of Greece, etc. See Life, by Lord Redesdale.

Mivart, St. George. 1827 ——. Naturalist. Author The Genesis of Species, Contemporary Evolution, The Cat, etc. Pub. Apl. Mac. Scr.

Moberly, Geo. 1803 ——. Bp. Salisbury. Religious writer. Pub. Dut.

Moir [moi´ȇr], David Macbeth. 1798–1851. Scotch poet and novelist.

Molesworth, Mrs. Mary Louisa [Stewart], "Ennis Graham." 1841 ——. Scotch novelist. Author of the novels Hathercourt and Miss Bouverie, and of numerous excellent juvenile works of which The Cuckoo Clock, Carrots, and The Tapestry Room are well-known examples. See The Spectator, Jan. 1880, Jan. 1881, and Jan. 1882. Pub. Har. Ho. Mac. Rou.

Monboddo, Lord. See Burnet, James.

Montagu, Chas. Earl of Halifax. 1661–1715. Poet. Co-author with Prior of The City Mouse and the Country Mouse, and author of miscellaneous poems. See Johnson's Lives of the Poets.

Montagu, Mrs. Elizabeth. 1720–1800. Founder of the Blue Stocking Club and author of a once famous essay on the Genius of Shakespeare. See Doran's A Lady of the Last Century.

Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley. 1690–1762. Famous for her brilliant and satirical Letters. See Letters of, edited by Mrs. S.J. Hale, N. Y., 1856.

Montgomery [mȏnt-gŭm-ĕr-ĭ], James. 1771–1854. Scotch poet. His verse is not strong, but some of his hymns are general favorites. See Critical Essays, by A. K. H. Boyd. Pub. Hou. Rou.

Montgomery, Robert. 1808–1855. Poet. Author Satan, etc. Style stilted, showy, and unnatural. See Macauley's Miscellaneous Essays.

Montrose, Marquis of. See Grahame, James.

Moore, Edward. 1712–1757. Dramatist. Author of the tragedy, The Gamester.

Moore, John. 1730–1802. Scotch novelist. Author Zeluco, Edward, Mordaunt, etc. See Works, with Memoir, 7 vols., Edinburgh, 1820.

Moore, Thomas. 1779–1852. Irish poet. Author of Irish Melodies, which take high rank as lyrics, Lalla Rookh, a vol. of brilliant and showy oriental poetry, and of much other verse, as well as several prose works. Though by no means a great poet, he has always been a popular one. See R. H. Montgomery's Life of, 1850; also Earl Russell's edition of Moore's Diary. Pub. Apl. Arm. Clx. Har. Hou. Le. Lip. For. Rou. Scr.

More, Hannah. 1745–1833. Dramatist and ethical writer. Author of Percy, a drama, and of numerous popular moral tales, of which The Shepherd of Salisbury Plain is the most famous. See complete works, 1853. See Lives by Shaw, Roberts, Thompson, and Smith. Pub. Ca. Har. Lip.

More, Henry. 1614–1687. Philosopher. A writer whose mystical theories are expressed in a clear, limpid style.

More, Sir Thomas. 1480–1530. Philosopher. His famous prose romance, The Utopia, embodies many of his philosophical views. See Life by Sir James Mackintosh. Pub. Mac.

Morell, Thomas. 1703–1784. Philologist. Author of the text of the Oratorios of Joshua and Judas Maccabæus.

Morgan, Lady Sydney Owenson. 1783–1859. Irish novelist. Author Wild Irish Girl, Absenteeism, etc. A voluminous author, spirited but wanting in refinement.

Morier, James. 1780–1849. Oriental novelist. Hajji Baba is his most noted work. Pub. Rou.

Morley, Henry. 1822 ——. Author Hist. Eng. Lit., Tables of Eng. Lit., Journal of a London Playgoer, Life of Palissy the Potter, etc. Pub. Cas.

Morley, John. 1838 ——. Essayist and biographer. Author Lives of Voltaire and Rousseau, Limits of the Historic Method, On Compromise, Burke on Eng. Men of Letters, etc. Pub. Apl. Har.

Morris, Wm. 1834 ——. The Defence of Guinevere, Life and Death of Jason, and The Earthly Paradise are his chief poems. His verse is mainly classical or mediæval in subject and epic in form. See Stedman's Victorian Poets and Swinburne's Essays and Studies. Pub. Rob.

Mortimer, Mrs. Favell Lee. 1802–1878. Religious writer. Author Reading Without Tears, Peep of Day Series, etc. Pub. Ca. Har. Hou.

Morton, Thomas. 1764–1838. Dramatist. Author Speed the Plough, Secrets Worth Knowing, etc. See Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1838.

Moss, Thomas. 1740–1808. Poet. Author of the famous poem beginning "Pity the sorrows of a poor Old Man."

Motherwell, Wm. 1797–1858. Scotch poet. Jeanie Morrison, The Cavalier's Song, and others of his ballads possess great lyric beauty. See edition 1849.

Mozley, James Bowling. 1813–1878. Theologian. Author Lect. on the Miracles, On Subscription to the Articles, Sermons, Essays, Historical, Theological, etc. A clear, masterly thinker. Pub. Dut.

Mozley, Thomas. 1806 ——. Bro. to J. B. M. Author Reminiscences of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement. Pub. Hou.

Mudie [moo´dĭ or mū´dĭ] Robert. Scotch naturalist. Author of some 90 vols. mainly on natural history; British Birds is his most important work. Pub. Har.

Muller, Friedric Max. 1823 ——. German philologist. Author Chips from a German Workshop, Science of Lang., Hist. Ancient Sanskrit Lit., etc. Pub. Mac. Scr.

Muloch, Dinah Maria. See Craik, Mrs.

Munday, Anthony. 1553–1633. Dramatist. See Carew Hazlitt's Early English Literature.

Murchison, Sir Roderick I. 1792–1871. Geologist of note. See Memoirs of, by Geikie, 2 vols., London, 1874.

Mure, Wm. 1799–1860. Scotch historian. Author Critical Hist., Lang. and Lit. of Ancient Greece, The Calendar of the Zodiac of Ancient Egypt, etc.

Murphy, Arthur. 1730–1805. Dramatist. Of his 23 plays The Grecian Daughter and The Way to Keep Him were the most popular.

Murray, Alexander. 1775–1813. Scotch philologist. Author Hist. European Languages.

Murray, Hugh. 1779–1841. Scotch geographer. Author of the Encyclopedia of Geography, etc. Pub. Har.

Myers, Ernest. 18— ——. Poet. Author of The Puritans, The Defence of Rome, and other Poems, etc. Pub. Mac.

Myers, Frederic Wm. Henry. 1843 ——. Poet and littérateur. Author of St. Paul, a poem, The Renewal of Youth and other Poems, Wordsworth in Eng. Men of Letters, and Essays Modern and Classical. A thoughtful writer, possessing a graceful and scholarly style. Pub. Har. Mac. Ran.

Nabbes, Thomas. 1600–1645. Dramatist.

Nairne, Baroness. See Oliphant, Carolina.

Napier, Admiral Sir Chas. 1786–1860. Military historian. Cousin to Sir C. J. N. Author Hist. Baltic Campaign, etc. See Life and Correspondence, 1862.

Napier, Gen. Sir Chas. James. 1782–1853. Author Lights and Shadows of Military Life, Hist. Ionian Islands, etc. See Life and Opinions of, 4 vols., London, 1857.

Napier, Capt. Henry Edward. 1789–1853. Historian. Bro. to Sir C. J. N. Author of a valuable Hist. of Florence in 7 vols. Style easy and flowing.

Napier, John. 1550–1617. Scotch mathematical writer. Inventor of logarithms.

Napier, Macvey. 1776–1847. Scotch writer. Editor of the supplement and 7th edition of the Encyc. Brit. and for 17 years editor of the Edinburgh Rev.

Napier, Mark. 1798 ——. Biographer. Author Memorials of Montrose, Life and Times of Montrose, etc.

Napier, Gen. Sir Wm. Francis Patrick. 1785–1860. Military historian. Bro. to Sir. C. J. N. and H. E. N. His great work is the Hist. of the Peninsular War, a work of great value, possessing a perennial charm. See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches, and Life by H. A. Bruce, 1863. Pub. Arm. Rou.

Nares, Edward. 1762–1841. Elements of General Hist. and the novel, Thinks I to Myself, are among his chief works.

Nares, Robert. 1753–1829. Critical and theological writer. Cousin to E. N.

Nash, Thomas. 1577–1600. Dramatist. Author Summer's Last Will and Testament, and of many brilliant satirical pamphlets. See edition of Pierre Penniless, with Life of Nash by Collier, 1842.

Neville, Henry. 1620–1694. Political philosopher. Author of Plato Redivivus, a dialogue concerning government.

Newcastle, Margaret, Duchess of. 1624–1673. An untiring writer of tasteless works in verse and prose. See Poems of, edited by E. Brydges, 1813.

Newcome, Wm. 1729–1800. Abp. Armagh. Theologian. Author Harmony of the Gospels, etc.

Newman, Francis Wm. 1805 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Author of Phases of Faith, etc. He has written largely on religious topics from a rationalistic standpoint.

Newman, Cardinal John Henry. 1801 ——. Theologian. Bro. to F. W. N. Author Tract No. 90, Parochial Sermons, Theory of Religious Belief, The Grammar of Assent, Apologia Pro Vita Sua, Poems, etc. The Apologia is one of the very finest of autobiographies. Style clear, polished, and logical. See Century Mag. June, 1882. Pub. Cath.

Newton, Sir Isaac. 1642–1727. Mathematical philosopher. A writer of clear, comprehensive intellect, Author of the Principia and a valuable treatise on Optics, etc. See Brewster's Life of. Pub. Mac.

Newton, John. 1722–1807. Devotional writer. Co-author with Cowper of the Olney Hymns. See Works of London, 6 vols. 8vo, 1816.

Nichol, John. 1833 ——. Scotch littérateur. Author Sketch Am. Lit., the drama of Hannibal, Tables of European Lit. and Hist., and a brilliant monograph on Byron in Eng. Men of Letters. See Lit. World. Feb. 24, 1883. Pub. Apl. Har.

Nichol, John Pringle. 1804–1859. Astronomer. Author The Solar System, The Stellar Heavens, Dict. Physical Sciences, etc.

Nicholas, Thomas. 1820–1879. Ethnologist and historian. Author Pedigree of the Eng. People, Hist. of Wales, etc.

Nicholson, Wm. 1655–1727. Abp. Cashel. Antiquarian writer.

Nicol, Henry. 1845–1881. Philologist. Author Hist. Eng. Sounds.

Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris. 1799–1848. Genealogist. Author Hist. Orders of Knighthood of the Brit. Empire, etc.

Nicoll, Robert. 1814–1837. Scotch poet.

Noel-Fearn, Henry [Christmas]. 1811–1868. Miscellaneous writer. Author Science and History, Preachers and Preaching, etc.

Norris, John. 1657–1711. Platonic philosopher. Author Theory of the Ideal World, etc.

North, Christopher. See Wilson, John.

Norton, Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth Sheridan [Lady Maxwell]. 1808–1877. Poet and novelist. Her verse has much grace and intensity of feeling. Bingen on the Rhine is her most quoted poem. Pub. Har. Lip. Mac. Ran.

Norton, Thomas. 1532–1584. Dramatist. Co-author with Sackville of the tragedy Ferrex and Porrex, and assistant of Sternhold and Hopkins in their metrical version of the Psalms.

Nugent, Lord. See Grenville, George.

Occam, Wm. of. 1270–1347. Philosopher. Defender of the doctrine of Nominalism and the greatest logician of the Middle Ages.

Occleve, Thos. c. 1370–1454. Poet. His verse has little merit.

O'Hare, Kane. 1722–1782. Irish dramatist.

O'Keefe, John. 1747–1833. Irish dramatist. The best of his numerous plays and operas, some of which are still acted, is Wild Oats.

Oldham, John. 1653–1683. Poet. Author of Satires against the Jesuits. Style spirited and forcible. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Oldmixon, John. 1673–1742. Dramatist and historian. His plays and histories are of slight value, and his chief title to remembrance is Pope's satire upon him in The Dunciad.

Oldys, Wm. 1696–1761. Biographer and antiquarian. Best known by his famous little poem, The Fly and the Cup of Ale.

Oliphant, Carolina, Baroness Nairne. 1766–1845. Scotch poet. Her songs, such as Land o' the Leal, Caller Herrin', etc., take a high rank. See Complete Works, with Life by C. Rogers, Edinburgh, 1869.

Oliphant, Laurence. 1829 ——. Satirist and miscellaneous writer. Author of Piccadilly, a Fragment of Contemporaneous Biography, Tender Recollections of Irene McGillicuddy, Altiora Peto, etc. Pub. Apl. Har.

Oliphant, Mrs. Margaret. 1828 ——. Novelist. Author of a long series of novels, all good, and some very fine, and much well written biography. Her style is even, her turns of expression felicitous and her character drawing truthful. The Perpetual Curate, Chronicles of Carlingford, Zaidee, Harry Joscelyn, Son of the Soil, Lady Jane, The Little Pilgrim, and the Literary Hist. of England are some of her best books. Few authors have written so much and so uniformly well. Pub. Apl. Har. Ho. Lip. Mac. Por.

O'Meara, Barry Edward. 1780–1836. Napoleonic writer. Author Letters from St. Helena, Memoirs of Napoleon, Napoleon in Exile, etc. Pub. Arm. Wid.

Opie, Mrs. Amelia [Alderson]. 1769–1853. Novelist and poet. Father and Daughter is her best novel, The Orphan Boy her most familiar poem. Style simple and pathetic. See Miss Brightwell's Life of, London, 1834, and H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches. Pub. Ca.

Orme, Robert. 1728–1801. Historian. Hist. British in India, etc.

O'Shaughnessy [o'shaw´nĕ-sĭ], Arthur W. E. 1844–1881. Author Songs of a Worker, Lays of France, Music and Moonlight, etc. See Stedman's Victorian Poets, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4, 2d edition.

Ossian. Mythical Keltic bard. See Macpherson, James.

Ottley, Wm. Young. 1771–1836. Art writer. Author The Italian School of Design, Engravers and their Works, etc.

Otway, Thomas. 1651–1685. Dramatist. A tragic writer of great pathos. His greatest works, Venice Preserved and The Orphan are still occasionally acted. See Works with Life, by Thornton, 1813.

Ouida. See De la Ramé, Louisa.

Ousely [ooz´lĭ], Sir Wm. 1771–1842. Orientalist. Author Oriental Collections, Travels in Persia, etc.

Overbury, Sir Thomas. 1581–1613. Poet and philosopher. Characters, his chief work, contains an exquisite and oft quoted description of A Fair and Happy Milkmaid.

Owen, John. 1616–1683. Theologian. Style heavy and labored. See edition of 1826 with Life. Pub. P. B.

Owen, Richard. 1804 ——. Scientific writer of note. Author Lect. on Comparative Anatomy, etc.

Owen, Robert. 1771–1858. Writer on social reforms. See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.

Owenson, Sydney. See Morgan, Lady.

Oxenden, Ashton. 1808 ——. Bp. Montreal. Religious writer. Author Pathway of Safety, Our Church and her Services, Thoughts for Lent, etc. Pub. Dut. Ran. Wh.

Oxenford, John. 1812–1877. Dramatist and critic. Translator of Goethe's Autobiography.

Paley, Frederic Apthorp. 1817 ——. Classical scholar. Grandson to W. P. Editor and translator of numerous classical works.

Paley, Wm. 1743–1805. Moral philosopher. Author Natural Theology, Elements of Moral and Political Philosophy, etc. See Complete Works, 4 vols., London, 1838, biography by Meadley, 1839. Pub. Ca. Nel. Har.

Palgrave [pawl´grāv], Sir Francis. 1788–1861. Historian. Author Hist. of the Anglo-Saxons, Rise and Progress of the Eng. Commonwealth, Anglo-Saxon Period, Hist. of Normandy and of England, etc. Pub. Mac.

Palgrave, Francis Turner. 1824 ——. Poet and critic. Son to F. P. Author Essays on Art, Hymns, Lyrical Poems, etc. See Stedman's Victorian Poets. Pub. Mac. Por. Ran. Rou.

Palgrave, Wm. Gifford. 1826 ——. Traveller. Son to F. P. Author Essays on the Eastern Question, Dutch Guiana, Herman Agha, etc. Pub. Ho. Mac.

Palmer, Sir Roundell [Baron Selborne]. 1812 ——. Author of the Book of Praise. Pub. Mac.

Pardoe [par´dō], Julia. 1806–1862. Novelist and historical writer. Author Court and Reign of Francis I., etc. Pub. Har. Pet.

Paris, Matthew.?—— 1259. Historical writer. See Bohn's Antiquarian Library.

Park, Mungo. 1771–1805. Scotch explorer and writer of travels. Pub. Har.

Parker, John Henry. 1806 ——. Writer on Architecture. Author Glossary of Arch., Introduction to the Study of Gothic Arch., Domestic Arch. of the Middle Ages, etc., Pub. Lit.

Parnell [par´nell], Thomas. 1669–1718. Poet. Author of The Hermit, etc. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3. Pub. Hou.

Parr, Harriet ["Holme Lee"]. 18— ——. Novelist. Author Sylvan Holt's Daughter, Kathie Brande, For Richer for Poorer, etc. Pub. Har. Por.

Parr, Mrs. Louisa. 18— ——. Novelist. Author Dorothy Fox, Adam and Eve, etc. Pub. Ho. Lip.

Parr, Samuel. 1747–1825. Classical scholar and critic. See Field's Memoirs of, 1828.

Pater, Walter H. 1838 ——. Author Studies on the Hist. of the Renaissance. Pub. Mac.

Patmore, Coventry Kearsey Dighton. 1823 ——. Poet. Author Angel in the House, Faithful Forever, and other vols. of rather commonplace verse. See Stedman's Victorian Poets. Pub. Dut. Mac.

Pattison, Mark. 1813 ——. Author Tendencies of Religious Thought in England, a noted Biography of Isaac Casaubon, Milton in Eng. Men. of Letters, etc. Pub. Har.

Payn, James. 1830 ——. Novelist. A writer of excellent stories; Lost Sir Massingberd, and By Proxy, being among the best. Pub. Apl. Har. Pet.

Peacock, Thos. Love. 1785–1866. Novelist and poet. Maid Marian, Headlong Hall, etc., are lively, witty novels. See Complete Works edited by Cole, 1875. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4.

Pearson, Charles Henry. 1830 ——. Historian. Author Hist. of England in the Early and Middle Ages. Pub. Put.

Pearson, John. 1613–1686. Bp. Chester. Theologian. His Exposition of the Creed is still a standard theological work. Pub. Apl. Mac.

Pecock, Reginald. 1390–1460. Bp. Chichester. Theologian. Author of The Repressor, etc. See Morley's Eng. Writers, vol. 2.

Peele, George. 1552–1598. Dramatist and poet. Author Arraignment of Paris, Absalom, Edward I., etc. In places Peele's verse is very musical. See Lamb's Dramatic Poets; also Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1, and Ulrici's Dramatic Art.

Penn, Wm. 1644–1718. No Cross No Crown, his most noted work, sets forth the doctrines of the Quakers. See Lives, by H. Dixon, Janney, and Wirt.

Pennant, Thomas. 1726–1798. Antiquarian and writer on natural history.

Pennell, Henry Cholmondeley [chŭm´lĭ]. 1836 ——. Poet. Author of Puck on Pegasus, Pegasus Re-saddled, etc., and several works on Angling. Pub. Rou.

Pepys [peeps or pĕps], Samuel. 1633–1703. Author of a famous Diary presenting an extremely lifelike picture of the time of Charles II. See Samuel Pepys and the World he Lived In, by Henry B. Wheatly. See Braybrooke edition, pub. Apl.; Bright edition, London, pub. Bi.

Percy, Thos. 1728–1811. Bp. Dromore. Poet and editor of the famous Reliques of Ancient Eng. Poetry, a work of great influence upon subsequent Eng. verse. See Hales's and Furnivall's edition, 1868. Pub. Por. Rou.

Phillimore, John George. 1809–1865. Jurist. Author Hist. Law of Evidence, Principles and Maxims of Jurisprudence. Pub. Mac.

Phillimore, Robert Joseph. 1810 ——. Jurist. Bro. to J. G. P. Author Civil and Canon Law, Eccl. Law Church of England, etc. Pub. Jo.

Philips, Ambrose. 1675–1749. Dramatist. A writer of trifling merit, who is chiefly remembered on account of Pope's vindictive satire upon him.

Philips, John. 1676–1708. Poet. Author of the mock-heroic poem The Splendid Shilling.

Philips, Mrs. Katharine. 1631–1664. Poet. Known as "The Matchless Orinda."

Phillips, Halliwell. See Halliwell-Phillips.

Pickering, Ellen.?—— 1843. Novelist. Author Who Shall be Heir, Secret Foe, etc. Pub. Har.

Pindar, Peter. See Wolcott, John.

Pinkerton, John. 1758–1826. Scotch historian and antiquary. His Hist. of Scotland and other works are fiercely controversial in tone.

Piozzi [pē-ŏt´see], Mrs. Hester [Lynch]. Mrs. Thrale. 1740–1821. Author Anecdotes of Dr. Johnson, etc., and the well-known poem The Three Warnings. See Autobiography, Letters, etc., 1861.

Pitt, Wm., Lord Chatham. 1708–1778. Statesman. His numerous Speeches rank among the finest of their class.

Planche [plon-shā´], James Robinson. 1796–1870. Dramatist. A prolific writer of dramas, fairy extravaganzas and farces; Prince Charming, Yellow Dwarf, etc. See Bric-a-brac Series, 1st vol., and The Biograph, March, 1880.

Plumptre, Edward Hayes. 1821 ——. Poet and translator. Author Lazarus and other Poems, etc., Byways of Scripture, etc., and translation of Sophocles and Æschylus. His verse is didactic in character. Pub. Dut. Mac. Rou.

Pole, Reginald, Cardinal. 1500–1558. Theological writer.

Pollock, Frederick. 1845 ——. Jurist. Author Principles of Contract, Digest of Law of Partnership, Spinoza: his Life and Philosophy, and The Land Laws in Macmillan's Eng. Citizen Series. Pub. Mac. Th.

Pollock, Robert. 1799–1827. Scotch poet. Author of The Course of Time, a heavy, didactic, blank-verse poem, once very popular. Pub. Apl. Ca. Clx.

Pomfret, John. 1667–1703. Poet. Author of The Choice. See Life, by Dr. Johnson.

Poole, John. 1786–1872. Dramatist and humorist. Author of the comedy, Paul Pry, Little Pedlington, a vol. of witty sketches, The Comic Sketch-Book, etc.

Poole, Matthew. 1624–1679. Biblical Commentator. Pub. Ca.

Pope, Alexander. 1688–1744. A correct, polished poet whose verse lacks sentiment and feeling. The heroic couplet is his usual measure. His translation of Homer, though a fine effort, lacks the freshness and spontaneity of its original. His chief poems are Essay on Man, Moral Essays, The Dunciad, a talented but terrible satire, and The Rape of the Lock, a brilliant, glittering piece of literary trifling. See editions of, by A. W. Ward, Cowden-Clarke, and Rossetti. See Lowell's My Study Windows; also Leslie Stephen's Pope in Eng. Men of Letters. Pub. Apl. Le. Mac. Rou.

Porson, Richard. 1759–1808. Classical scholar and writer of note. See Watson's Life of, 1861.

Porter, Anna Maria. 1781–1832. Novelist. Don Sebastian is perhaps the best of her numerous novels.

Porter, Jane. 1776–1850. Novelist. Sister to A. M. P. The famous romances Thaddeus of Warsaw and Scottish Chiefs are her chief works. Pub. Apl. Le. Lip. Por.

Powell, Baden. 1796–1860. Philosopher. Author Hist. Nat. Philosophy, Spirit of Inductive Philosophy, Study and Evidence of Christianity, etc.

Poynter, E. Frances. 18— ——. Novelist. Author My Little Lady, Ersilia, Among the Hills, etc. Pub. Ho.

Praed [prād], Winthrop Mackworth. 1802–1839. Poet. A writer of pleasing verse, of which the Belle of the Ball is a good example. See Complete Works, edited by Sir Geo. Young. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4. Pub. Arm.

Price, Bonamy. 1807 ——. Political economist. Author Practical Political Economy, Currency and Banking, Principles of Currency, etc. Pub. Apl.

Prideaux [prĭd´o, or prĭd-ŭx], Humphrey. 1648–1724. Theologian. Noted for his Connection of the Old and New Testaments. Pub. Har. Mac.

Priestley, Joseph. 1733–1804. Theologian and scientist. Author of over 300 books on chemistry, theology, metaphysics, etc. See Works of, 1824, 26 vols. See Life of, by Corry.

Pringle, Thomas. 1789–1834. Scotch poet. His best poem is the spirited Afar in the Desert. See Grant Wilson's Poets of Scotland.

Prior, Matthew. 1664–1721. Poet. A sprightly writer whose light and airy style is seen to best advantage in his comic narrative poems. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3. Pub. Hou.

Procter, Adelaide Anne. 1825–1864. Poet. Dau. to B. W. P. Author Legends and Lyrics. See Stedman's Victorian Poets. Pub. Hou.

Procter, Bryan Waller, "Barry Cornwall." 1790–1874. Poet. A writer of somewhat over-praised lyric verse. The tragedy of Mirandola is his finest dramatic effort. See Autobiography. Compare Stedman's Victorian Poets and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4.

Proctor Richard Anthony. 1837 ——. Astronomer. Author Other Worlds than Ours, Our Place Among the Infinities, etc. Pub. Apl. Arm. Lip. Put.

Prout, Father. See Mahoney, Francis.

Prynne, Wm. 1600–1669. Political and antiquarian writer.

Pugin [pū-jin], Augustus. 1792–1832. Architectural writer of note.

Pugin, Augustin Welby Northmore. 1812–1852. Architect. Son to A. P. Author Examples of Gothic Architecture, Glossary of Eccl. Ornament, etc. See Ferrey's Recollections of A. W. N. Pugin and Augustus Pugin, 1861.

Purchas, Samuel. 1577–1628. Chronicler and compiler of travels.

Pusey [pū´zĭ], Edward Bouverie. 1800–1882. Theologian. Author Hist. Councils of the Church, Doctrine of the Real Presence, etc, and many of the Tracts for the Times. The earlier Ritualists were named Puseyites. His influence greatly deepened the religious feeling of the Anglican Church. See Life, by Liddon. Pub. Apl.

Pusey, Philip Edward. 18—-1880. Theological writer. Son to E. B. P.

Puttenham, George. 1530-c. 1600. Author of The Art of Eng. Poesie.

Pye, Henry James. 1745–1813. Poet. Author of very indifferent verse.

Quarles, Francis. 1592–1644. Poet. An ingenious versifier, very popular in his own day, and now chiefly known by his Divine Emblems and a vol. of prose maxims entitled Enchiridion.

Quarles, John. 1624–1665. Poet. Son to F. Q. Author Divine Meditations, etc. His verse is marked by the same fantastic, labored conceits as that of his father.

Quincey, Thos. de. See De Quincey.

Radcliffe, Mrs. Ann [Ward]. 1764–1823. Novelist. A writer of powerful sensational romances, the best known of which are The Mysteries of Udolpho and Romance of the Forest. See Memoir of, by Talfourd, and Memoir of, by Miss Rossetti. Pub. Clx. Rou.

Raleigh [raw´lĭ], Sir Walter. 1532–1618. His chief work, The Hist. of the World, has great literary merit. See Lives, by Whitehead, Oldys, Birch, Cayley, Thomson, Tytler, Napier, St. John, and Edwards. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Ramsay [răm´zĭ], Allan. 1685–1758. Scotch poet. Author of the pastoral poem The Gentle Shepherd. See edition 1800, with Life; also Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.

Ramsay, Edward Bannerman. 1793–1872. Author of the famous Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character, Sermons, Pulpit Table-Talk, etc. See 23d edition of the Reminiscences, 1874, and Memorials and Recollections, by C. Rogers.

Randolph, Thos. 1605–1634. Poet and dramatist. His works are inferior in quality. The Jealous Lover is one of his plays. See Works of, edited by Carew Hazlitt, 1875, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Rankine, Wm. John Macquorn. 1820–1872. Writer on mechanics. Author Applied Mechanics, The Steam Engine, Songs and Fables, etc. See Memoir, by P. G. Tait. Pub. Apl. Mac.

Rawlinson, George Henry. 1815 ——. Historian. Author The Five Great Monarchies of the Eastern World, Manual of Ancient Hist., The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy, etc. Pub. Apl. Do. Est. Har. Mac.

Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke. 1810 ——. Archæological writer of note. Bro. to G. H. R.

Ray, John. 1628–1705. Naturalist. Author of the Historia Plantarum, etc. See Life, by Wm. Derham, 1760.

Reach, Angus Bethune. 1821–1856. Novelist and miscellaneous writer. Author of Leonard Lindsay, The Natural Hist. of Bores and Humbugs, The Comic Bradshaw, etc. See Chas. Mackay's Recollections. Pub. Rou.

Reade, Charles. 1814 ——. Novelist. A writer of strong genius, whose style is piquant and aggressive. Put Yourself in his Place, Griffith Gaunt, The Cloister and the Hearth, and Christie Johnstone are among his best novels. See Atlantic Monthly, Aug. 1864. Pub. Har.

Redding, Cyrus. 1785–1870. Miscellaneous writer. Author of A Wife and Not a Wife, Remarkable Misers, Past Celebrities, etc.

Reeve, Clara. 1725–1803. Novelist. Author Old English Baron, etc.

Reeve, Lovell. 1814–1865. Conchologist. Author Conchologia Iconica, Elements of Conchology, Conchologia Systematica, etc. Pub. Put.

Reeves, Mrs. Helen Buckingham [Mathers]. 1852 ——. Novelist. Author of Cherry Ripe, Comin' thro' the Rye, My Lady Green Sleeves, As He Comes Up the Stair, Land o' the Leal, Sam's Sweetheart, etc. Pub. Apl.

Reid, Mayne. 1818–1883. Author of tales of adventure for young readers. Pub. Rou. Sh.

Reid, Thomas. 1710–1796. Scotch metaphysician. Author Inquiry into the Human Mind, Essays on the Intellectual Powers, etc. See Hamilton's edition of Reid, 1846.

Reynolds, Frederick. 1765–1841. Dramatist. Author of nearly 100 plays, of which The Dramatist and Folly as it Flies are the best.

Reynolds, George W. M. —— 1879. Novelist. Author Mysteries of London, Reformed Highwayman, etc. Style sensational, and influence pernicious. Pub. Di. Pet.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua. 1723–1792. Artist. Author Discourse on Painting. See Malone's edition of, 1797. See Lives by Malone, Northcote, Farrington, Cotton, and Leslie, Mrs. Thackeray-Ritchie's Miss Angel, and Reynolds as a Portrait Painter, by J. E. Collins.

Ricardo [re-kar´do], David. 1792–1823. Political economist. Author High Price of Bullion, Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, etc. See McCulloch's edition, 1846.

Rice, James. 1843–1882. Novelist. Colleague of Walter Besant, and author with him of Sweet Nelly My Heart's Delight, Golden Butterfly, and other novels. See Besant, Walter. Pub. Har.

Richards, Alfred Bate. 1820–1876. Poet and dramatist. Author of Cromwell, Vandyck, and other dramas, Medea, and other vols. of poems, and the novel So Very Human.

Richardson, Chas. 1775–1865. Lexicographer. Author of an Eng. Dict. and The Study of Language.

Richardson, Samuel. 1689–1761. Novelist. Author Pamela, Clarissa Harlowe, and Sir Charles Grandison. The slow movement of these stories does not appeal readily to modern taste, but they display a wonderful knowledge of the workings of the human heart. Clarissa, the best, is a fine piece of realism. See Taine's Eng. Lit., Masson's Novelists and their Styles, and Leslie Stephen's Hours in a Library. Pub. Ho. Rou.

Richmond, Leigh. 1772–1827. Moralist. Author The Dairyman's Daughter, etc. Pub. Ca. Phi. Rou.

Riddell, Mrs. Charlotte Eliza Lawson. 18— ——. Novelist. Author George Geith, A Life's Assize, The Senior Partner, etc. Pub. Clx. Est. Har. Pet.

Riddell, Henry Scott. 1798–1870. Scotch poet. See Grant Wilson's Poets of Scotland.

Riddell, Mrs. J. H. See Riddell, Mrs. Charlotte.

Ritchie, Mrs. Anne Isabella. See Thackeray-Ritchie.

Ritchie, Leitch. 1801–1865. Miscellaneous writer. Author of Headpieces and Tailpieces, Wearyfoot Common, Romance of French History, etc.

Ritson, Joseph. 1752–1803. Antiquary and critic.

Roberts, Margaret. 1833 ——. Novelist. Author Mademoiselle Mori, Denise, The Atelier du Lys, In the Olden Time, On the Edge of the Storm, Osé, Tempest tossed, Madame Fontenoy, Summerleigh Manor, etc. Pub. Ho.

Robertson, Frederick Wm. 1816–1853. Religious writer. Author 4 vols. of sermons, which rank among the finest religious utterances of the age. See Life, by Stopford Brooke, and Blackwood's Mag., Aug. 1862. Pub. Dut. Har.

Robertson, James Burton. 1800 ——. Historical writer. Author Lect. on Various Subjects of Ancient and Modern Hist., etc.

Robertson, James Craigie. 1813–1882. Ecclesiastical historian. Author Hist. of the Christian Church, Biography of Thomas a Becket, etc.

Robertson, Thos. Wm. 1829–1871. Dramatist. Author David Garrick, Ours, Caste, M. P., and other lively and popular plays.

Robertson, Wm. 1721–1793. Scotch historian. Author Hist. Scotland, Hist. Reign of Charles V., Hist. Discovery of America, etc. His style is picturesque, but his statements are sometimes inaccurate. See Prescott's Robertson's Charles V. Pub. Har.

Robinson, A. Mary F. 185– ——. Poet and littérateur. Author of A Handful of Honeysuckle, The Crowned Hippolytus, Rural England, and Emily Brontë, in Famous Women Series, etc. Pub. Rob.

Robinson, Frederick Wm. 1830 ——. Novelist. Author of A Bridge of Glass, As Long as she Lived, Poor Zeph, Her Face was her Fortune, Little Kate Kirby, Second-Cousin Sarah, Stern Necessity, True to Herself, etc. Pub. Har.

Robinson, Henry Crabb. 1775–1867. He left an entertaining Diary, published in 1869. Pub. Hou. Mac.

Robinson, Mrs. Mary. 1758–1800. Poet and actress. Known to her contemporaries as "Perdita, the Fair."

Rochester, Earl of. See Wilmot, John.

Rogers, Charles. 1825 ——. Scotch antiquarian writer. Author of A Century of Scottish Life, Boswelliana, Scotland: Social and Domestic, etc.

Rogers, Henry. 1810–1877. Critic. Author Eclipse of Faith, Reason and Faith, etc. Pub. Rou. Scr.

Rogers, Samuel. 1763–1855. Poet. Author Pleasures of Memory, a fine though labored production, Italy, etc. See Hazlitt's Eng. Poets. Pub. Lip.

Romilly, Sir Samuel. 1757–1818. Jurist. Author of Speeches, etc. See Autobiography, 1840.

Roscoe, Henry. 1800–1836. Son to W. R. Author Lives of Eminent Lawyers, etc. Pub. Jo.

Roscoe, Thos. 1791–1871. Son to W. R. Translator of important Italian works.

Roscoe, Wm. 1753–1831. Historian. Author Lives of Lorenzo de Medici and Leo X., etc. A careful, painstaking writer, whose works, written in an easy, flowing style, are standard of their kind. See Life of, by Henry Roscoe.

Roscommon, Earl of. See Dillon, Wentworth.

Rose, George. "Arthur Sketchley." 1830–1882. Littérateur. Best known by his humorous Mrs. Brown sketches. Pub. Rou.

Rose, Henry John. 1801–1873.} Authors of a General} Biographical Rose, Hugh James. 1795–1838.} Dict., etc. Bro. to preceding.}

Rose, Wm. 1762–1790. Scotch pastoral poet. His Praise of the Highland Maid is one of his best poems. See Grant Wilson's Poetry of Scotland.

Rose, Wm. Stewart. 1775–1843. Poet. Translator of Ariosto.

Ross, Alexander. 1699–1784. Scotch poet. Best known by his ballad Woo'd and Married and a'. See Irving's Scottish Writers.

Ross-Church, Mrs. Florence [Marryatt]. 1837 ——. Novelist. Author Her Lord and Master, The Prey of the Gods, No Intentions, etc. Pub. Har.

Rossetti [rŏs-sĕt´tee], Christina Georgina. 1830 ——. Poet. Author of The Pageant, Sonnet of Sonnets, Goblin Market, etc. Style serious and earnest. See Stedman's Victorian Poets. Pub. Mac. Rob.

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. 1828–1882. Poet and artist. Bro. to C. G. R. A writer of the so-called Pre-Raphaelite school, whose verse is passionate and musical. Sister Helen, The Blessed Damozel, and Rose Mary are his most striking poems. See Stedman's Victorian Poets, Swinburne's Essays and Studies, Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4, 2d edition, Essays Modern, by F. W. H. Myers, Wm. Sharp's Record and Study of Rossetti, Cornhill Mag. Feb. 1883, Contemporary Rev. Feb. 1883, Harper's Mag. Nov. 1882, and English Illus. Mag. Oct. 1883. Pub. Rob.

Rossetti, Maria Francesca. 1827–1875. Commentator on Dante. Sister to two preceding. Author The Shadow of Dante, etc. Pub. Rob.

Rossetti, Wm. Michael. 1829 ——. Biographer and critic. Author Fine Art, etc. Bro. to three preceding. Pub. Mac.

Rowe [rō], Nicholas. 1673–1718. Dramatist and Shakespearean editor. Author Jane Shore, Fair Penitent, etc. His dramas are melancholy, but never licentious, like those of his contemporaries.

Rowley, Wm. fl. c. 1625. Dramatist. Colleague of Dekker and Ford in the Witch of Edmonton, and of Massinger and Middleton in the Old Law.

Roy, William. fl. c. 1525. Poet. Author of a singular satire upon Wolsey and the clergy, entitled Read me and be not Wroth, for I say Nothing but Troth.

Roydon, Matthew. fl. c. 1585. Poet. Author of the beautiful Lament for Astrophel, an elegy upon Sir Philip Sidney.

Ruskin, John. 1819 ——. Art critic. Author Modern Painters, Stones of Venice, Seven Lamps of Architecture, Sesame and Lilies, Fors Clavigera, etc. Style original, masterly, and of rare beauty. Its chief defect is a vein of petulance and intolerance, which is strongest in his latest books. Pub. Wil.

Russell, John, Earl. 1792–1878. Statesman. Author Causes of the French Revolution, Life and Times of Chas. James Fox, Establishment of the Turks in Europe, etc. Pub. Rob.

Russell, John Scott. 1808 ——. Engineer. Author Modern System of Naval Architecture, a work of great practical value. Pub. Apl.

Russell, Michael. 1781–1848. Bp. Glasgow. Scotch historian.

Russell, Lady Rachel. 1636–1723. Her Letters are of much literary and historical value. See Earl Russell's edition, 1854.

Russell, Wm. 1741–1793. Scotch historian. Author Hist. Modern Europe, etc. Pub. Har.

Russell, Wm. Clark. 1844 ——. Marine novelist. Author Wreck of the Grosvenor, A Sailor's Sweetheart, An Ocean Free Lance, Jack's Courtship, Little Loo, etc. Style original and spirited. Pub. Har.

Russell, Wm. Howard. 1821 ——. Journalist. Author Hist. of the Crimean War, Diary North and South, Diary in India, Hesperothen, etc. Pub. Har. Rou.

Ryle, John Charles. 1816 ——. Bp. Liverpool. A popular religious writer. Author Expository Thoughts on the Gospels, etc. Pub. Ca. Phi. Ran.

Rymer, Thos. 1638–1714. Antiquary and critic. Author of Edgar, a play, The Tragedies of the Last Age Considered, etc., and compiler of Rymer's Fœdera, a collection of treatises, etc.

Sackville, Chas., Earl of Dorset. 1637–1705. Poet Author of the bright, lively song To all you Ladies now on Land. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Sackville, Thos., Earl of Dorset and Lord Buckhurst. 1536–1608. Poet. Author of the Induction and one tale of the Mirror for Magistrates, and, with Thos. Norton, of the tragedy of Gorboduc. See edition 1820.

Sadler, Michael Thos. 1780–1830. Author of The Law of Population, etc.

Sainsbury, Wm. Noel. 1825 ——. Editor of Colonial Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1574–1668, etc.

St. John, Bayle. 1822–1859. Miscellaneous writer. Son to J. A. St. John. Author Village Life in Egypt, Memoirs of St. Simon, The Turks in Europe, etc.

St. John, Henry, Viscount Bolingbroke. 1678–1751. Political essayist. His Letter to Sir Wm. Windham [a vol. of 300 pages] is his chief work.

St. John, Horace Roscoe. 1832 ——. Son to J. A. St. John. Author The Indian Archipelago, Hist. British Conquests in India, etc.

St. John, James Augustus. 1801–1875. Miscellaneous writer. Author of The Anatomy of Society, The Nemesis of Power, Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece.

St. John, Percy Bolingbroke. 1821 ——. Writer of tales of adventure. Son to J. A. St. John. Author The Arctic Crusoe, The Creole Bride, The Red Queen, etc.

St. John, Spenser. 1826 ——. Son to J. A. St. John. Author Life in the Forests of the Far West, etc.

Saintsbury, Geo. Warner. 1845 ——. Littérateur. Author Dryden, in Eng. Men of Letters, Primer of French Lit., etc. Pub. Har. Mac.

Sala, George Augustus. 1828 ——. Novelist, essayist, and journalist. Author Quite Alone, Twice Round the Clock, Paris Herself Again, etc. Pub. Fu. Har. Rou.

Sale, George. 1680–1736. Orientalist. Translator of the Koran. Pub. Lip.

Sanderson, Robert. 1587–1663. Bp. Salisbury. Theological writer of great learning. Pub. Mac.

Sandys, George. 1577–1644. Poet and traveler. Translator of Ovid. See Tyler's Am. Lit. vol. 1.

Sartoris, Mrs. Adelaide [Kemble]. 1816–1879. Author of A Week in a French Country House, a work of great freshness and beauty, and of Medusa and Other Tales.

Savage, Marmion. —— 1872. Irish novelist. Author of The Bachelor of the Albany, The Woman of Business, Reuben Medlicott, etc. Pub. Apl.

Savage, Richard. 1698–1743. Poet. A writer of languid verse, and held in remembrance mainly by Johnson's Biography of him.

Saville, George, Marquess of Halifax. 1630–1695. Political writer. The literary merit of his treatises is considerable.

Saville, Sir Henry. 1549–1622. Antiquarian. Editor of a noted edition of Chrysostom, 1613.

Sawyer, Wm. 1828 ——. Poet. Author of A Year of Song, The Legend of Phillis, etc.

Sayce, Archibald Henry. 1846 ——. Philologist. Author of An Assyrian Grammar, Principles of Comparative Philology, Introduction to the Science of Language, etc.

Schreiber, Lady Charlotte Elizabeth. c. 1814-c. 1879. Welsh writer. Translator of The Mabinogion.

Scot, Sir Alexander. fl. c. 1562. Scotch poet. His verse is amatory in tone. See edition by David Laing, 1821. See Grant Wilson's Poets of Scotland.

Scott, John. 1730–1783. Scotch poet. His productions are flavorless and poor.

Scott, Michael. 1789–1835. Novelist. Author Tom Cringle's Log, etc.

Scott, Sir Michael. fl. c. 1250. Scotch philosopher.

Scott, Robert. 1811 ——. Classical scholar. One of the editors of Liddell and Scott's Greek Lexicon.

Scott, Thomas. 1747–1821. Commentator. Author Bible Commentary, etc. Pub. Lip.

Scott, Sir Walter. 1771–1832. Scotch novelist and poet. Author of a long series of romances, beginning with Waverley, in 1814, and ending with Anne of Geierstein, in 1829. S. first made the novel a really great power in life as well as in literature. The flow of his narrative is always animated and infused with a kindly spirit. Guy Mannering, Ivanhoe, Old Mortality, and Quentin Durward are among the best of his novels. The Lady of the Lake, Marmion, and Lay of the Last Minstrel are fine narrative poems, filled with vivid descriptions of Scotch scenery. See Taine's Eng. Lit., Masson's Novelists and Their Styles, and Hutton's Scott, in Eng. Men of Letters. See also The Waverley Dict., by May Rogers.

Scott, Wm. Bell. 1811 ——. Poet and art writer. Author The Year of the World, Life of Albert Dürer, etc. See Grant Wilson's Poets of Scotland. Pub. Rou.

Scrivener, Frederick Henry. 1813 ——. Biblical scholar. Author of a Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament, and editor of a Greek Testament, The Cambridge Paragraph Bible, etc. Pub. Ho.

Sedley, Sir Chas. 1639–1701. Lyric and dramatic poet. S. wrote the comedy of The Mulberry Garden. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Seeley, John Robert. 1834 ——. Author Ecce Homo, Lect. and Essays, Roman Imperialism, etc. Style clear and strong. See Myers's Essays, Modern. Pub. Mac. Rob.

Selden, John. 1584–1654. Antiquarian. Author Titles of Honor, Hist. of Titles, etc. A man of wide learning, whose Table-Talk is his best known work. See Lives, by Wilkins, 1726, Aiken, 1773, and Johnson, 1835.

Selwyn, Geo. Augustus. 1809–1878. Bp. Lichfield. Author Tribal Analysis of the Bible, Are Cathedral Institutions Useless? etc. Pub. Mac.

Senior, Nassau Wm. 1790–1864. Political economist. Author Lect. on Population, Essays on Fiction, etc.

Settle, Elkanah. 1648–1724. Dramatist. A writer of trifling merit but the rival of Dryden in his time.

Seward, Anna. 1747–1809. Poet. Although called in her day "the Swan of Lichfield," her verse is weakly sentimental and commonplace.

Sewell, Elizabeth Missing. 1815 ——. Poet and novelist. Author Amy Herbert, Margaret Percival, etc. A writer of excellent stories, which have a strong High Church flavor. Pub. Apl. Dut. Har. Ho.

Sewell, Wm. 1805–1874. Religious writer. Bro. to E. M. S. Author of Christian Morals, etc.

Shadwell, Thos. 1640–1692. Dramatist. Author of 17 plays, but chiefly remembered as the butt of Dryden's satire MacFlecknoe.

Shaftesbury, 3d Earl of. See Cooper, Anthony Ashley.

Shairp, John Campbell. 1819 ——. Scotch essayist. Author Culture and Religion, Aspects of Poetry, Studies in Poetry and Philosophy, Poetic Interpretation of Nature, Burns, in Eng. Men of Letters, etc. Pub. Har. Hou.

Shakespeare, Wm. 1564–1616. The world's greatest dramatist. Author of 37 plays, in two of which, Henry VIII. and Two Noble Kinsmen, Fletcher is supposed to have had a hand. The others are King John, Richard II., Richard III., the two parts of Henry IV., Henry V., the three parts of Henry VI., all historical plays; the tragedies, Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, Lear, Antony and Cleopatra, Timon of Athens, Coriolanus, Julius Cæsar, Romeo and Juliet, and Troilus and Cressida; and the comedies, or tragi-comedies, Midsummer Night's Dream, Comedy of Errors, Love's Labor's Lost, Taming of the Shrew, Two Gentlemen of Verona, Merchant of Venice, All's Well that Ends Well, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Merry Wives of Windsor, Measure for Measure, Winter's Tale, Tempest, Twelfth Night, Pericles, and Cymbeline. S. was also the author of the poems Lucrece, Venus and Adonis, and 154 Sonnets. No writings, save the Scriptures, have ever moved the world like those of Shakespeare, which appeal to every emotion in the mind of man. He has no equals; there are none with whom he may be compared. Among the best complete Am. editions are White's Riverside, pub. Hou.; Rolfe's, pub. Har.; and Hudson's, pub. Gi. See also Furness's Variorum Macbeth, Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet, pub. Lip.

Sharpe, Samuel. 1800 ——. Historian. Author Hist. Egypt, Hist. Hebrew Nation and Lit., Texts from the Bible Explained by Ancient Monuments, etc.

Sheffield, John, Duke of Buckingham. 1649–1720. Author Essay on Poetry, a poem in heroic measure, polished and prosaic.

Sheil [sheel], Richard Lalor. 1791–1851. Irish dramatist. Author Evadne, The Apostate, Sketches of the Irish Bar, etc. See Biographies, by McNevin, 1845, and McCulloch, 1855. Pub. Arm.

Shelley, Mrs. Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin. 1797–1851. Novelist. Wife to P. B. S. Author Frankenstein, a repulsive but powerful romance, Valperga, Perkin Warbeck, etc.

Shelley, Percy Bysshe [bĭsh]. 1792–1822. Poet. An imaginative genius of the highest order. Author of Queen Mab, Prometheus Unbound, Alastor, The Cenci, etc. Some of his best work is seen in the Adonais, an elegy upon Keats, and the Ode to a Skylark, while all his poems possess an ethereal beauty quite unlike anything else in literature. See Atlantic Monthly, Feb. 1863, Macmillan's Mag. June, 1861, Shelley and his Writings, by C. S. Middleton, Symonds' Shelley, in Eng. Men. of Letters, and Swinburne's Essays and Studies. Pub. Lit. Mac. Por. Rou.

Shenstone, Wm. 1714–1763. Pastoral poet. Author of The Schoolmistress, a poem in Spenserian stanza, and of pastoral ballads. See Gilfillan's edition of, Edinburgh, 1854. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.

Sheridan, Mrs. Frances. 1724–1766. Novelist and dramatist. Wife to T. S.

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley. 1751–1816. Irish dramatist. Son to F. S. and T. S. A sparkling, witty writer. Author of The Duenna, an opera, The Critic, a farce, and The Rivals and School for Scandal, two of the best comedies in the Eng. language. See Works, edited by J. B. Browne, 1873, and F. Stainforth, 1874; also edition of 1883, with Introduction, by R. G. White. See Life of, by Moore, Atlantic Monthly, Oct. 1883, and Sheridan, by Mrs. Oliphant, in Eng. Men. of Letters. Pub. Do. Rou.

Sheridan, Thomas. 1721–1788. Irish lexicographer. Author Dict. Eng. Lang., etc.

Sherlock, Wm. 1678–1761. Bp. London. Theologian of note.

Sherwood, Mrs. Mary Martha. 1775–1851. Writer of an immense number of religious tales, once very popular. Little Henry and his Bearer is one of the best known. See Life, 1874. Pub. Ca. Har. Wh.

Shirley, James. 1594–1666. Dramatist. The latest of the Shakespearean dramatists. Better known than any of his 40 plays is the noble poem Death's Final Conquest. See Dyce's Life of, 1833, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Shorthouse, Joseph Henry. 1834 ——. Novelist. Author of John Inglesant and Little Schoolmaster Mark. Pub. Mac.

Sidgewick, Henry. 1838 ——. Political economist. Author of The Principles of Political Economy, The Methods of Ethics, Ethics in Encyc. Britan., etc. A precise and impartial thinker. Pub. Mac. Put.

Sidney, Algernon. 1622–1683. Political writer. Author Discourses on Government, etc. See Life, by Meadley, 1813.

Sidney or Sydney, Sir Philip. 1554–1586. Poet and prose writer. Author of Sonnets, the prose romance Arcadia, and The Apologie for Poetrie, with which latter work literary criticism may be said to begin. See Grosart's complete edition, 1877. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1, Masson's Eng. Novelists, and Life, by Fox-Bourne, 1862.

Simcox, Geo. Augustus. 1841 ——. Poet and littérateur. Author Prometheus Unbound, a tragedy, Poems and Romances, and a Hist. of Latin Lit. Pub. Har. Rou.

Simpson, Sir James Young. 1811–1870. Scotch medical writer of note. Pub. Apl. Lip.

Simpson, Thomas. 1710–1761. Mathematician. Author of a long series of mathematical works.

Simson, Robert. 1687–1768. Scotch mathematician. Author of a noted translation of Euclid.

Sinclair, Mrs. Catherine. 1800–1864. Scotch novelist. Author of Beatrice, Modern Society, Jane Bouverie, etc. Pub. Har.

Singer, Samuel Weller. 1783–1868. Shakespearean scholar. His edition of Shakespeare appeared in 1826.

Skeat [skeet], Walter Wm. 1835 ——. Philologist. Editor of numerous Early Eng. and Anglo-Saxon works, and author of an Etymological Dict. of the Eng. Language. Pub. Mac.

Skelton, John. c. 1460–1529. Poet. Author Why Come Ye Not to Court? a fierce satire upon Wolsey, Colin Clout, and the Boke of Phyllype Sparowe. His verse is rugged and harsh, but very powerful. See Dyce's edition, 1843, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1. Pub. Hou.

Skene, Wm. Forbes. 1809 ——. Antiquarian. Author The Highlanders of Scotland, Chronicles of the Picts and Scots, etc.

Sketchley, Arthur. See Rose, Geo.

Skinner, John. 1721–1807. Scotch poet. Tullochgorum is his most noted poem. See Poems of, with Memoir, 1859.

Smart, Benj. Humphrey. c. 1785–1872. Lexicographer. The chief of his numerous works is a Pronouncing Dict., which first appeared in 1836.

Smart, Christopher. 1722–1770. Poet. Author of a noted satire called The Hilliad and the famous Song to David. See edition 1791.

Smart, Hawley. 18— ——. Novelist. Author Breezie Langton, Bound to Win, etc. Pub. Apl.

Smedley, Edward. 1789–1836. Historian. Author Religio Clerici, Hist. Reformed Religion in France, Hist. France, etc. Pub. Har.

Smedley, Francis Edward. 1819–1865. Novelist. Author Frank Fairleigh, Harry Coverdale's Courtship, etc. Pub. Pet. Rou.

Smedley, Menella Bute. c. 1825-c. 1875. Poet. Sister to F. E. S. Author of Nina, Twice Lost, and other prose tales. One of the finest of her poems is The Little Fair Soul. Pub. Rou.

Smee, Alfred. 1819 ——. Scientific writer of note. Pub. Put.

Smiles, Samuel. 1819 ——. Scotch writer. Author Self Help, Thrift, Life of a Scotch Naturalist, Life of Geo. Stephenson, etc. Pub. Har. Lip. Rou.

Smith, Adam. 1723–1790. Political economist. Author of The Wealth of Nations, the theory of which is that labor is the source of wealth. See Lives by Brougham, Playfair, and Smellie. Pub. Mac. Put.

Smith, Albert Richard. 1816–1860. Novelist. Author Christopher Tadpole, etc.

Smith, Alexander. 1830–1867. Scotch poet and essayist. Author Edwin of Deira, Life Drama, City Poems, etc. His verse achieved a sudden but brief popularity. It is brilliant, but uneven. His prose, of which A Summer in Skye is the best example, is excellent. See Life, by Alexander, 1868, and Stedman's Victorian Poets.

Smith, Mrs. Charlotte. 1749–1806. Poet and novelist. Elegiac Sonnets are her principal poems, and The Old Manor House is her best novel.

Smith, George. c. 1825–1876. Orientalist. Author of The Chaldean Account of Genesis, Assyrian Discoveries, Records of the Past, etc. Pub. Scr.

Smith, Goldwin. 1823 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Author Lect. and Essays, The Study of Hist., Three Eng. Statesmen, etc. Pub. Har. Mac.

Smith, Horace. 1779–1849. Poet and novelist. Author of the noted poem Address to a Mummy, of five of the Rejected Addresses published by Horace and James Smith, and of several novels,—The Moneyed Man, Brambletye House, etc. Pub. Har. Ho. Put.

Smith, Isaac Gregory. 1826 ——. Religious writer. Author Characteristics of Christian Morality, etc. Pub. Dut.

Smith, James. 1775–1839. Poet and critic. Bro. to H. S. Author of five of the travesties in Rejected Addresses, viz., those on Wordsworth, Cobbett, Southey, Coleridge, and Crabbe. See Memoirs of, by Horace Smith, 1840. Pub. Ho. Put.

Smith, James. 1824 ——. Scotch poet and novelist.

Smith, John Pye. 1775–1851. Theologian. Author Letters to Belsham, etc.

Smith, Robert Payne. 1818 ——. Religious writer. Author Bampton Lect., 1869, etc. Pub. Mac.

Smith, Sarah, "Hesba Stretton." 18— ——. Novelist. Author Bede's Charity, Through A Needle's Eye, and other excellent novels. Pub. Do. Rou.

Smith, Sydney. 1771–1845. Essayist and humorist. Author of the Plymley Letters, etc. A perfect master of an intensely amusing and sarcastic style of reasoning. See Duyckinck's Wit and Wisdom of Sydney Smith. Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.

Smith, Thos. Southwood. 1788–1861. Medical writer of note. Author Philosophy of Health, The use of the Dead to the Living, etc. Pub. Clx. Lip.

Smith, Wm. 1769–1839. Geological writer of eminence. See Life, by Phillips, 1844.

Smith, Wm. 1813 ——. Classical lexicographer. Author Dict. Greek and Roman Antiquities, Dict. of the Bible, etc. Pub. Apl. Est. Har. Hou. Lit. Por.

Smith, Wm. Robertson. 1847 ——. Scotch theologian of note. Author of The Old Testament in the Jewish Church, etc. Pub. Apl.

Smollett, Tobias George. 1721–1771. Author of Roderick Random; Peregrine Pickle, Count Fathom, Humphrey Clinker, etc., novels whose coarseness is scarcely atoned for by their wit and vivacity. See Complete Works, 1872. See Thackeray's Eng. Humorists and Masson's Novelists and Their Styles. Pub. Har. Rou.

Smyth, Chas. Piazzi. c. 1820 ——. Egyptologist. Son to W. H. S. Author Our Inheritance in the Gt. Pyramid, Life and Work at the Gt. Pyramid, etc. An ingenious but somewhat fanciful thinker. Pub. Est. Rou. Scr.

Smyth, Wm. Henry. 1788–1865. Hydrographer. Author of a noted work on the physical geography of the Mediterranean. Pub. Mac.

Smythe, Geo. Sydney, Viscount Strangford. 1818–1857. Novelist. Author of Historic Fancies and Angela Pisani.

Somers, Lord John. 1651–1716. Jurist. Author of the noted "Somers Tracts." See Walter Scott's edition, 13 vols. 4to, 1815. See Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors.

Somerville, Mrs. Mary. 1780–1872. Scotch astronomer. Author Mechanism of the Heavens, Connection of the Physical Sciences, Physical Geography, etc. See Personal Recollections, by Mrs. Somerville, 1873. Pub. Har. Rob. Sh.

Somerville, Wm. 1682–1742. Poet. Author of The Chase, etc. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 3.

Sotheby [sŭth´ȏ-bĭ], Wm. 1757–1833. A fine translation of Wieland's Oberon is his best known work.

South, Robert. 1633–1716. A witty theologian, whose Sermons possess vitality and are still read. Pub. Dut. Hou.

Southern [sŭth´ern], Thos. 1660–1746. Irish dramatist. Author Oroonoko, The Fatal Dowry, etc. His plays were once very popular and show great power.

Southey [sowth´ĭ], Mrs. Caroline Anne [Bowles]. 1787–1854. Poet. Wife to R. S. Author of The Young Gray Head, The Pauper's Death Bed, etc. Style harmonious and pathetic. Pub. Rou.

Southey, Robert. 1774–1843. Poet and essayist. Author of Thalaba, Curse of Kehama, Roderick, Madoc, etc. As a whole his verse is a good deal like prose, but prose of an excellent quality. The Doctor is one of his most noted prose works. See Life, by C. T. Browne, and Dowden's Southey, in Eng. Men of Letters. Pub. Apl. Har. Hou. Rou.

Southwell, Robert. 1560–1595. Poet. Content and Rich and Times go by Turns are among his best poems. His verse has much quiet beauty. See MacDonald's England's Antiphon and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.

Spedding, James. 1808–1881. Baconian scholar. Editor Lord Bacon's works, author Life and Letters of Bacon, Reviews and Discussions, Evenings with a Reviewer, etc. Pub. Hou.

Speed, John. 1552–1629. Antiquary. Hist. Great Britain, etc.

Spelman, Sir Henry. 1562–1641. Antiquary. Author Hist. Eng. Councils, Glossarium Archæologicum, etc.

Spencer, Herbert. 1820 ——. Philosopher. Author Social Statics, Principles of Psychology, Study of Sociology, Education, Descriptive Sociology, etc. Pub. Apl.

Spencer, Wm. Robert. 1770–1834. Poet. Beth-Gélert is his best known poem.

Spenser, Edmund. 1552–1599. Poet. Shepherd's Calendar, Mother Hubbard's Tale, Amoretti, Epithalamion, and Prothalamion are the best of his minor poems. The Faerie Queene, an allegory in 6 books, is his greatest work, the interest of which lies not in the poem as a narration, but in its symbolic representation of the soul at war with evil. See Todd's Variorum edition, and editions by Payne Collier, 1862, and Morris, 1869. See Craik's Spenser and his Poetry, Morley's Library Eng. Lit., and Church's Spenser, in Eng. Men of Letters. Pub. Mac. Hou.

Spottswood or Spottiswoode, John. 1565–1639. Abp. St. Andrew's. Ecclesiastical historian. Author Hist. Church of Scotland, etc. See Russell's edition, 1851.

Sprat, Thos. 1636–1713. Bp. Rochester. Theologian. Author Hist. Royal Society, Life of Cowley, Poems, Sermons, etc.

Spurgeon, Chas. Haddon. 1834 ——. Author several vols. of Sermons, John Ploughman's Talks, etc. Pub. Ca. Scr. Sh.

Stanhope, Philip Dormer, Earl of Chesterfield. 1694–1773. Author of the celebrated Letters to his Son, Philip Stanhope, the morality of which has been much debated. Style polished and able.

Stanhope, Philip Henry, Lord Mahon. 1805–1875. Author Hist. of England, Hist. War of the Spanish Succession, etc. Pub. Lit.

Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn. 1815–1881. Theologian. Author Lect. on the Jewish Church, Lect. on the Eastern Church, Christian Institutions, Life of Dr. Arnold, etc. A writer of much vigor and strength, whose wide sympathies are clearly shown in his works. See Century Mag. Jan. 1883, and Myers's Essays Modern. Pub. Arm. Dut. Har. Mac. Scr.

Stanley, Thomas. 1625–1678. Poet. Beside a vol. of quaint verse S. wrote a Hist. of Philosophy.

Staunton [stän´tȏn], Howard. 1810–1874. Shakespearean scholar. His library edition of Shakespeare appeared in 1863. Pub. Rou.

Steele, Sir Richard. 1671–1729. Essayist. S. began the periodical Essay by The Tatler in 1709, and wrote afterwards with Addison in The Spectator and The Guardian. Author also of The Christian Hero. See Thackeray's Eng. Humorists.

Steevens, George. 1736–1800. Shakespearean scholar. S. edited with Dr. Johnson the edition of 1773, and with Isaac Reed those of 1785 and 1793.

Stephen, Sir James. 1789–1859. Historian and essayist. Author Essays in Eccl. Biography, Lect. on Hist. of France, etc. See Life, by his son, 1860. Pub. Har.

Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames. 1829 ——. Jurist. Son to preceding. Author General View of the Criminal Law of England, Essays by a Barrister, etc. Pub. Mac. Th.

Stephen, Leslie. 1832 ——. Littérateur. Neph. to Sir J. S. Author of a brilliant Hist. Eng., Thought in the Eighteenth Cent., Science of Ethics, Hours in a Library, and Pope, Johnson, and Swift, in Eng. Men of Letters. Pub. Har. Scr.

Stephenson, Mrs. Eliza [Tabor]. 1835 ——. Novelist. Author St. Olave's, Jeanie's Quiet Life, The Blue Ribbon, Meta's Faith, The Senior Songman, etc. St. Olave's, her best work, has been very popular. Pub. Har.

Sterling, John. 1806–1844. Poet and critic. See Lives, by Hare, 1848, T. Carlyle, 1851; also, Caroline Fox's Memories of Old Friends.

Sterne, Lawrence. 1713–1768. Humorist. Author of Tristram Shandy and The Sentimental Journey, two rambling, fantastic books, with a slender thread of story in each. The quaintness is affected, and the humor sometimes obscure, but the character drawing is inimitable. See Life, by Fitzgerald, Taine's Eng. Lit., Masson's Eng. Novelists and Their Styles, and H. D. Traill's Sterne, in Eng. Men of Letters. Pub. Clx. Lip. Rou.

Sternhold, Thos. c. 1500–1549. Associate with Hopkins in a metrical version of the Psalms.

Stevenson, John Hall. 1718–1785. Poet. Author Crazy Hall Tales, etc.

Stevenson, Robert Louis. 18— ——. Author of Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes, An Inland Voyage, The New Arabian Nights, etc. Pub. Rob.

Stewart, Dugald. 1753–1828. Scotch metaphysician. Author Philosophical Essays, Philosophy of the Active and Moral Powers, etc.

Still, John. 1543–1607. Bp. Bath and Wells. To him has been doubtfully attributed the comedy Gammer Gurton's Needle, one of the very earliest English plays. See Dodsley's Old Plays.

Stillingfleet, Edward. 1635–1699. Bp. Worcester. Controversial writer of note. Pub. Mac.

Stirling, Earl of. See Alexander, Wm.

Stirling, Sir Wm. Maxwell. See Maxwell Stirling.

Stormonth, James. 1825–1882. Scotch lexicographer. Author Dict. of Scientific Terms, Etymological Dict., etc.

Stoughton, John. 18— ——. Religious historian. Author Hist. of Religion in England from the Opening of the Long Parliament to the End of the Eighteenth Cent., and Introduction to Historical Theology. Pub. Arm. Phi.

Stow, John. 1525–1605. Chronicler.

Strangford, Viscount. See Smythe, G. S.

Street, Geo. Edmund. 1824–1881. Gothic architect. Author The Brick and Marble in the Middle Ages, Gothic Architecture in Spain, etc. See The Biograph, Aug. 1880.

Stretton, Hesba. See Smith, Sarah.

Strickland, Agnes. 1796–1874. Historical writer. Author Lives of the Queens of England, Lives of the Queens of Scotland, Lives of the Seven Bishops, etc. Pub. Har. La. Lip. Por.

Strutt, Joseph. 1742–1802. Antiquarian. Author Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, Biographical Hist. of Engravers, etc. Pub. Rou.

Strype, John. 1643–1737. Historian. Author Annals of the Reformation, Life of Cranmer, etc.

Stuart, Gilbert. 1742–1786. Historian. Author View of Society in Europe, Hist. of Scotland, etc. An accurate but prejudiced writer.

Stubbs, Wm. 1825 ——. Historian. Author of The Constitutional Hist. of England, The Early Plantagenets, etc. Pub. Est. Mac.

Stukely, Wm. 1687–1765. Antiquarian writer.

Suckling, Sir John. 1609–1641. Of his gay, airy verse, the Ballad upon a Wedding is most widely known. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.

Sugden, Edward B., Baron St. Leonards. 1781–1875. Jurist of high rank. Author Handy Book on Property Law, etc. Pub. Jo.

Sumner, John Bird. 1780–1862. Abp. Canterbury. Religious writer. Author Practical Reflections, etc.

Surrey, Earl of. See Howard, Henry.

Swain, Charles. 1803–1874. Poet. His verse is pleasing, but has little strength. Pub. Rob.

Swift, Jonathan. 1667–1745. Irish satirist. Author Battle of the Books, Tale of a Tub, Drapier's Letters, Gulliver's Travels, etc. Style coarse, bitterly savage and personal, but of great vigor, keenness, and force. See Lives, by T. Sheridan and Forster; also, Taine's Eng. Lit., Thackeray's Eng. Humorists, Leslie Stephen's Swift, in Eng. Men of Letters, and Masson's Novelists. Pub. Hou.

Swinburne, Algernon Charles. 1837 ——. Poet and critic. Author of Atalanta in Calydon, Song of Italy, Chastelard, Mary Stuart, Bothwell, Tristram, etc. Tristram is the finest of his long poems, and A Child's Song in Winter one of the best of the minor ones. His verse shows wonderful melody and perfect mastery of metre even when most obscure, and abounds in vivid and exquisite descriptions. See Stedman's Victorian Poets and Lowell's My Study Windows. Pub. Ho.

Sylvester, Joshua. 1563–1618. Poet. Translator of the French poet Du Bartas, and known in his day as Silver-Tongued Sylvester.

Symonds, John Addington. 1840 ——. Poet and critic. Author Hist. of the Renaissance in Italy, Studies of the Greek Poets, Sketches and Studies in Southern Europe, Italian Byways, etc., and two vols. of poems, entitled New and Old and Many Moods. Pub. Har. Ho. Os.

Tabor, Eliza. See Stephenson, Mrs.

Tait, Archibald Campbell. 1811–1882. Abp. Canterbury. Theologian. Author Dangers and Safeguards of Modern Theology, etc. Pub. Mac.

Talfourd [tawl´furd], Sir Thomas Noon. 1795–1854. Dramatic poet. Author of The Athenian Captive, Glencoe, The Castilian, etc., but chiefly known by his fine tragedy Ion, and Final Memorials of Chas. Lamb.

Tannahill, Robert. 1774–1810. Scotch poet. His lyrics possess a sweetness like those of Burns. Braes of Balquither and The Flower of Dumblane are familiar examples. See Centenary edition, 1874.

Tate, Nahum. 1652–1715. Associate with Brady in a noted metrical version of the Psalms, and author of several plays.

Tautphoeus, Baroness. 18— ——. Novelist. Author of The Initials, Quits, Cyrilla, At Odds, etc. Pub. Ho. Lip.

Taylor, Brook. 1685–1731. Mathematician. Author Methods of Increment and inventor of Taylor's Theorem.

Taylor, Sir Henry. 1800 ——. Dramatic poet. Author Edwin the Fair, Philip Van Artavelde, Isaac Comnenus, etc. Philip Van Artavelde, his finest work, ranks high in modern dramatic poetry. See edition 1863. See Fortnightly Review, vol. 1, and The Biograph, vol. 2. Pub. Lip.

Taylor, Isaac. 1787–1865. Miscellaneous writer. Author Elements of Thought, The Spirit of Hebrew Poetry, The World of Mind, etc. Pub. Ca. Dut. Har. Mac.

Taylor, Jane. 1783–1824. Moral and religious writer. Sister to I. T. Author with her sister Ann of Hymns for Infant Minds, etc. Pub. Ca. Har. Por. Rou.

Taylor, Jeremy. 1613–1667. Bp. Down and Connor. Theologian. His best works are Sermons, The Great Exemplar, and Holy Living and Holy Dying. His warmth of imagination and poetic fervor render his prose both musical and eloquent, while his long, involved sentences are managed with the rarest skill. See Heber's edition, 15 vols., 1820. See Life, by Wilmott, 1847. Pub. Ca. Clx. Dut. Lip.

Taylor, John. 1580–1654. Poet. Called the Water Poet. A voluminous writer but one of little interest to modern readers.

Taylor, Robert. fl. c. 1600. Dramatist. Author of The Hog hath Lost his Pearl, etc.

Taylor, Thomas. 1758–1835. Philosophical writer. Known as the Platonist.

Taylor, Tom. 1817–1880. Dramatist. Of his many excellent plays, The Ticket-of-Leave Man is the most popular. See Eclectic Mag. Oct. 1880.

Taylor, Wm. 1765–1836. His translations of Goethe, Schiller, and Lessing promoted greatly the study of German literature in England.

Temple, Frederick. 1821 ——. Bp. Exeter. Theologian of the Broad Church school. Author Sermons in Rugby School, etc. Pub. Mac.

Temple, Sir Wm. 1628–1699. Philosophical essayist. The best edition of his works is 4 vols. 8vo, London, 1814.

Tennant, Wm. 1774–1848. Scotch poet. Author of the humorous, mock-heroic poem, Auster Fair, etc. See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4.

Tennent, Sir James. See Emerson-Tennent.

Tennyson, Alfred. 1809 ——. Poet Laureate. In Memoriam, Idyls of the King, The Princess, Maud, and Enoch Arden, with the dramas Harold and Queen Mary, comprise his longest poems. Among the finest of the shorter ones are Œnone, Ulysses, The Talking Oak, Lotus Eaters, Lady of Shalott, The Gardener's Daughter, The Revenge, and Locksley Hall, and of the brief songs, Tears, Idle Tears, and Late, so Late. The poetry of T., taken as a whole, represents the highest water mark of the non-dramatic poetry of the English-speaking world. In it is united a perfect mastery of words and metre with a widely cultured, thoughtful imagination. See Hutton's Essays, Stedman's Victorian Poets, Buchanan's Master Spirits, Tavish's Studies in Tennyson, Gatty's Study of In Memoriam, Genung's Study of In Memoriam, Atlantic Monthly, Sept. 1879. Pub. Har. Hou. Os.

Tennyson-Turner, Chas. 1808?-1881. Poet. Bro. to A. Tennyson. Style delicate and meditative. His Sonnets have been greatly praised. See Living Age, Dec. 31, 1881.