Footnotes.

1 – Cf. p. 141.

2 – The Greek-speaking Jewish communities of antiquity, especially Alexandria, Egypt.

3 – The word Torah has various meanings—the Pentateuch, the Bible, the Talmud, as well as the whole body of religious study and practice.

4 – In use in English Sephardi Congregations on the occasion of a lad reaching the age of thirteen—his religious majority (Bar Mitzvah).

5 – Lived about 10 B.C.E.‒90 C.E. See p. 292.

6 – Lived first century; President of the Academy at Yabneh.

7 – From The Jewish Encyclopedia, ‘Judaism’ (London and New York: Funk & Wagnalls).

8 – In the first century, large numbers of non-Jews throughout the Roman world became proselytes to Judaism.

9 – In Hebrew there is only one word, Zedakah, for both Charity and Justice. Charity to the poor is thus merely justice to the poor.

10 – From Sermons (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

11 – School, usually for religious instruction only.

12 – From Anglo-Jewish Memories (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

13 – From Songs of a Wanderer (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society).

14 – Cf. p. 214.

15 – Cf. pp. 137‒140.

16 – Name for Synagogue liturgical poet.

17 – The Holy Scriptures: A New Translation, with the aid of previous versions and with constant consultation of Jewish Authorities. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia.

18 – From ‘The Position of Judaism’, North American Review, April, 1895.

19 – Cf. p. 143.

20 – Cf. p. 151‒4.

21 – Cf. p. 157.

22 – Cf. p. 159.

23 – Only the sudden death of the deranged emperor saved the defenceless population from fearful massacre.

24 – The Jewish communities in the Rhine region were then decimated by massacre or by self-immolation in order to escape baptism.

25 – Term for ‘rabbi’ among Sephardi Jews.

26 – On the day following the expulsion, Columbus set sail for the discovery of America.

27 – Poetic name for Israel.

28 – ‘Ishmael’ and ‘Persia’ stand for Mohammedan and Christian Powers respectively.

29 – From Blind Children (London: Heinemann).

30 – One of the oldest Jewish congregations on the North American continent; founded in 1658.

31 – From History of the Jews in Poland and Russia (London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons).

32 – From The Jewish World, London.

33 – From The Promised Land (London: Heinemann).

34 – From The Promised Land (London: Heinemann).

35 – From Stories and Pictures (Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia).

36 – From Children of the Ghetto (London: Heinemann).

37 – See p. 184.

38 – From History of the People of Israel (London: Chapman & Hall).

39 – See p. 290.

40 – Cf. pp. 57‒63.

41 – From Passages of the Bible Chosen for their Literary Beauty (London: A. & C. Black).

42 – The Works of T. H. Huxley (London: Macmillan & Co.).

43 – Cf. p. 66.

44 – Cf. pp. 67 and 68.

45 – The Book of Jonah, together with Isaiah 58, is the prophetical Lesson for the Day of Atonement.

46 – From History of the Jewish Church (London: John Murray).

47 – Cf. p. 69.

48 – See p. 290 for the exact wording of Hillel’s saying.

49 – Cf. p. 72.

50 – See p. 268.

51 – Authorized Prayer Book, p. 317.

52 – From Daniel Deronda (London: William Blackwood & Sons).

53 – From Israel Among the Nations (London: Heinemann).

54 – From Historical Miniatures (London: George Allen & Unwin).

55 – A book in the Apocrypha.

56 – From History of Rationalism in Europe (London: Longmans, Green & Co.).

57 – From A Short History of the English People (London: Macmillan & Co.).

58 – See foot-note, p. 95. In consequence of the American Revolution, the congregation became extinct. No Jew lived in Newport when this poem was written.

59 – Cp. pp. 97‒108.

60 – From Democracy and Liberty (London: Longmans, Green & Co.).

61 – Cp. p. 125.

62 – From The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg (London: Chatto & Windus).

63 – Authorized Prayer Book, p. 3.

64 – From Songs of a Jew (London: Geo. Routledge & Sons).

65 – Scroll of the Law.

66 – Plural of Mitzvah, a ritual precept or ceremonial law. Mitzvah also means ‘a good deed’.

67 – See p. 290.

68 – Johanan ben Zakkai, pupil of Hillel and leader of Israel after the Destruction of Jerusalem (70 C.E.). He rescued Judaism by founding the Academy at Jabneh.

69 – From Service of the Synagogue (George Routledge & Sons).

70 – Term for ‘rabbi’ among the Chassidim or Pietists of Eastern Europe.

71 – Penitential Prayers before New Year and Atonement Day.

72 – Temporary group of worshippers; also term for the quorum of ten males required for public worship; see p. 6, last line.

73 – From Service of the Synagogue (Geo. Routledge & Sons).

74 – Reading Desk, usually in the centre of the Synagogue.

75 – From Service of the Synagogue (George Routledge & Sons).

76 – ‘Your health!’

77 – See 2 Maccabees for the story of the martyr mother and her seven sons.

78 – Cf. p. 156.

79 – In The Jewish Encyclopedia, ‘Holiness’ (London and New York: Funk & Wagnalls).

80 – See foot-note p. 218.

81 – Greatest of Mishna teachers; mystic, warrior, and martyr (132 C.E.).

82 – Companion of Akiba; declared the brotherhood of man to be the fundamental principle of religion.

83 – Most renowned of the Rabbis; born in Babylon about one hundred years before the Destruction of the Temple (70 C.E.).

84 – Died in the middle of the first century.

85 – Lived 135‒220; ‘Patriarch’ and editor of the Mishna.

86 – Mishna teacher of the 2nd century.

87 – Mishna teacher of the 2nd century.