Note 537 — V. EVIDENCE CONCERNING PRINCIPAL ISSUES IN THE CASE (continued 14)

At the first recess, the prosecution called Mr. Arnold Buchthal, one of the prosecution’s research analysts, as an expert witness concerning the translation and meaning of the disputed words “Polnisches Untermenschentum.” Until 1939, Buchthal had lived in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland; and German was his native language. He testified that the literal translation of “Polnisches Untermenschentum” was “Polish subhumanity;” that he had never heard the expression “Untermenschentum” used in Germany before 1933; that after 1933 the context in which the word was used was always political, referring to Jews, Czechs, Poles, or Communists. On cross-examination, Buchthal said that the word might have been used occasionally in the technical language of the criminologist, but certainly not frequently. (Tr. 7471–7474.)