Note 54 — CHAP. LI.
Reading edition
From all that I have said here, it appears very doubtful whether the Ibkárem, ابكارم, mentioned by Ebn Sʿaíd in the latter part of the thirteenth century, can be justly identified with this kingdom. Of course a tribe of this name may have existed many centuries before the foundation of the kingdom. The first undoubted mention of Bagírmi, or Bagharmí, occurs in Imám Áhmed’s account of Edrís Alawóma’s expeditions to Kánem.