Note 8 — Chapter XLVI · THE GILYAKS.

The birds known to them belong generally to the species found in the same latitudes of Europe and America, but there are some birds of passage that are natives of Southern Asia, Japan, the Philippine Islands, and even South Africa and Australia. Seven-tenths of the birds of the Amur are found in Europe, two-tenths in Siberia, and one-tenth in regions further south. Some birds belong more properly to America, such as the Canadian woodcock and the water-ouzel, and there are several birds common to the east and west coasts of the Pacific. The number of stationary birds is not great. Maack enumerates 39 species that dwell here the entire year. The birds of passage generally arrive in April or May, and leave in September or October. It is a curious fact that they come later to Nikolaefsk than to the town of Yakutsk, nine degrees further north. This is due to difference of climate.