Note 1 — Chapter XL · THE UPPER AMUR.

There are two tribes of them, one called Ninagai, which, in 1856, mustered 68 males and 66 females; 27 of the males paid annually 5s. 5d. of tribute each, or instead thereof 12 squirrel skins, to the Russian officer commanding the post at Gorbitza. The other tribe, the Shologon, numbered 72, including 40 females, of whom 17 had to pay to the commandant of Ust-Strelka a tribute of 6s. 4d. each. They owned 82 reindeer. There is also a tribe along the sea coast, called Orochons, or Orochi, amongst whom it is customary for women to suckle their children till they are three or four years old. The men are recognized by their wide-brimmed hats. I saw one of them in prison at Nikolaefsk, and was struck with his manly bearing. This agrees with what Mr. Ravenstein says of the Orochons of the Upper Amur, that they are not so submissive as the Manyargs, whose spirits have been broken by the oppression of the Mandarins.