Note 313 — Chapter XIV

The notion of interdependence need not involve circular reasoning, if the facts really justify it. The whole cosmos is, doubtless, interdependent. Often certain systems within the cosmos manifest enough independence of the rest of the universe to justify us, for some purposes, in thinking only of interrelations within the systems. The important thing is to make the circle in theory as big as the circle in fact. Cf. Social Value, p. 152, n.