Note 26 — I A Sketch of the History of the Idea of Milieu Down to the Nineteenth Century

Haddon and Quiggin, Hist. of Anthropology (1910), p. 150.—Poehlmann discusses Hippocrates in Hellenische Anschauungen, etc., pp. 12–37.—Ludwig Stein, in his book Die soziale Frage im Lichte der Philosophie (2. verb. Aufl., Stuttgart, 1903), p. 403, n., says that “Aless. Chiapelli, Le promesse filosofiche del Socialismo (Napoli, 1897), p. 41, hebt die interessante Tatsache hervor, daß die Lehre vom ‘Milieu’ ihrem Keime nach auf Hippokrates zurückgeht.” But a little over three decades earlier, Peschel in his Geschichte der Erdkunde (1. Aufl., 1865) surveyed on two pages some important phases of Hippocrates and Strabo on milieu. And earlier still, a half century before Peschel, Ukert in his Geographie der Griechen und Römer (1816), I, 1, 79, noted Hippocrates as carefully observing the effect of climate on the body and mind of man. (Vide Poehlmann, l.c., pp. 7 f.)—And to Herder, Hippocrates was the principal author on climate: “... Hippocrat. de aere, locis et aquis, ... Für mich der Hauptschriftsteller über das Klima.”—Herders Sämmtliche Werke, hg. v. B. Suphan, 13, 269 n.