Note 1 — Chapter XIX · THE MORAL SCIENCE OF THE EPICUREANS. GENERAL PRINCIPLES.
Oswald J. (Oswald Joseph) Reichel translation
A. The individual. The general principles already laid down determine likewise the character of particular points in the moral science of the Epicureans. Epicurus, it is true, never developed his moral views to a systematic theory of moral actions and states, however much his pupils, particularly in later times, busied themselves with morality and special points in a system of morals.1 Moreover, his fragmentary statements and precepts are very imperfectly recorded. Still, all that is known corresponds with the notion which we must form in accordance with those general views. All the practical rules given by Epicurus aim at conducting man to happiness by controlling passions and desires. The wise man is easily satisfied. He sees that little is necessary for supplying the wants of nature, and for emancipating from pain; that imaginary wealth knows no limit, whereas the riches required by nature may be easily acquired;2 that the most simple nourishment affords as much enjoyment as the most luxurious, and is at the same time far more conducive to health;3 that therefore the restriction of wants rather than the increase of possessions makes really rich;4 and that he who is not satisfied with little will never be satisfied at all.5 He therefore can like Epicurus live upon bread and water,6 and at the same time think himself as happy as Zeus.7 He eschews passions which disturb peace of mind and the repose of life; considering it foolish to throw away the present in order to obtain an uncertain future, or to sacrifice life itself for the means of life, seeing he can only once enjoy it.8 He therefore neither gives way to passionate love, nor to forbidden acts of profligacy.9 Fame he does not covet; and for the opinions of men he cares only so far as to wish not to be despised, since being despised would expose him to danger.10 Injuries he can bear with calmness.11 He cares not what may happen to him after death;12 nor envies any one the possessions which he does not himself value.13