Note 567 — Chapter XX

Cf. L. S. A. M. von Römer, “Regarding the Androgynous Idea of Life,” Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1903, vol. v., pp. 707-940.

[568] M. Hirschfeld, “The Theory and History of Bisexuality,” published in “The Nature of Love,” pp. 93-133 (Leipzig, 1895). Cf. also P. Näcke, “Some Psychiatric Experiences in Support of the Doctrine of Bisexual Vestiges in Mankind,” published in The Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1906, vol. viii., pp. 583-603.

[569] Cf. C. Lombroso, “Recent Advances in the Study of Criminality,” pp. 109-111 (Gera, 1899).

[570] M. Hirschfeld, “Berlin’s Third Sex,” p. 13.

[571] These pseudo-tribades, belonging mainly to the aristocracy and to the upper middle classes, are known in Parisian slang as “Sapphos,” in contrast to the genuine “Lesbian lovers.”

[572] Cf. my “Contributions to the Etiology of Psychopathia Sexualis,” vol. i., pp. 224-227.

[573] Cf. L. Martineau, “Leçons sur les Déformations Vulvaires et Anales,” p. 21 (Paris, 1885).

[574] Op. cit., pp. 29-31.

[575] Karl Gutzkow writes in a beautiful letter to Max Ring: “Our time is so separative, our hearts beat in so solitary a manner, and yet the need of intimate bonds is there, but who dares to tie them? Any intimate friendship formed between men in early youth disappears like dust before the wind. Then comes the love of woman, which fills the whole of our heart; then follows the care for material existence, which increases our egoism; and the danger that our heart will shrink makes its appearance all too soon. Who draws near to another human being? Who admits that he has need of others, and that his life is a life without love? We all suffer in this way; we should form warm friendships between man and man” (“Berlin in the Time of Reaction,” reminiscences by Max Ring, published in Deutsche Dichtung, 1898, vol. xxiii., pp. 51, 52).

[576] Such a noble love between men shines, for example, from the letters of Count Arthur Gobineau to Prince Philipp zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld. Cf. Prince zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld’s “Eine Erinnerung an Graf Arthur Gobineau,” especially pp. 22, 23 (Stuttgart, 1906).

[577] Cf. H. Schurtz, “Age Classes and Associations of Men” (Berlin, 1904); B. Friedländer, “Physiological Friendship as a Normal Fundamental Impulse of Humanity and as the Foundation of Social Intercourse,” in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1900, vol. vi., pp. 179, 214; and the same author’s “Renascence of Eros Uranios,” pp. 163-211 (Berlin, 1904).

[578] O. Kiefer, “Plato’s Attitude towards Homosexuality,” Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1905, vol. vii., pp. 107-126. Cf. also “Lyrical and Bucolic Poetry,” op. cit., 1906, viii., pp. 619-684.

[579] This connexion was recognized, although in the inverse direction, by Heinrich Laube. In a passage of “Junge Europa” (vol. i., p. 72 of the new edition; Vienna, 1876) we read: “Constantia is the most beautiful woman I have ever seen. Outline, muscles, figure, eyes, speech, mind, feeling—everything in her is beautiful; she is the ideal of a man found in the feminine form. I love this power in woman above everything; the soft, the non-resisting, does not offer me enough opposition. Perhaps such women as these form the transition to the Hellenic love of boys.”

[580] Cf., in this connexion, also P. Näcke, “Homosexuality in the Orient,” published in the Archives for Criminal Anthropology, 1904, vol. xvi., pp. 333 et seq.

[581] Goethe confirms this in a conversation with Chancellor von Müller, in which he deduces the “aberration” of Greek love from this, “that, according to his own æsthetic judgment, man has always been more beautiful, more perfect, more complete, than woman. Such a feeling, when it has once originated, easily passes over into the animal and the grossly material.” Cf. Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1905, vol. vii., p. 127.

[582] Especially instructive is his correspondence with Christian Otto (cf. “Jean Paul’s Correspondence with his Wife and with Christian Otto,” edited by Paul Nerrlich; Berlin, 1902). For example, he writes once to this friend: “Ah, my friend, if I could only once more clasp your form to my breast.” Cf. also the interesting remarks on the peculiarly intimate masculine friendship of this period given in the last (eighth) volume of the “German History” of Karl Lamprecht (Freiburg, 1906).

[583] F. G. Welcker, “The Odes of Sappho,” published in the Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, 1856, vol. xi., p. 237.

[584] I reproduce this passage in the eighth volume of The Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, pp. 609, 610.

[585] L. Blumreich, “Diseases of Women, including Sterility,” being chapter xx. of Senator and Kaminer’s “Health and Disease in Relation to Marriage and the Married State,” published by Rebman Limited (London, 1906).

[586] Franz Neugebauer, “Seventeen Cases of the Coincidence of Mental Anomalies with Pseudo-Hermaphroditism, selected from a Collection of Seven Hundred and Thirteen Observations of Pseudo-Hermaphroditism,” published in The Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1902, vol. ii., pp. 224-253; same author, “Interesting Observations in the Department of Pseudo-Hermaphroditism,” op. cit., 1902, vol. iv., pp. 1-176; same author, “Surgical Surprises in the Domain of Pseudo-Hermaphroditism, containing One Hundred and Thirty-four Observations of Cases, with Fifty-four Instances of Erroneous Determination of Sex, in most Cases proved by the Scalpel,” op. cit., 1903, vol. v., pp. 205-424; same author, “One Hundred and Three Observations of more or less marked Development of a Uterus in the Male (pseudohermaphroditismus masculinus internus), in addition to a Compilation of Observations of Regular Periodic Bleeding from the Genital Organs, Menstruation, Vicarious Menstruation, Pseudo-Menstruation, Molimina Menstrualia, etc., in Pseudo-Hermaphrodites,” op. cit., 1904, vol. vi., pp. 215-326; same author, “Compend of the Literature of Hermaphroditism in Human Beings,” op. cit., 1905, vol. vii., pp. 471-670, and 1906, vol. viii., pp. 685-700.

[587] Magnus Hirschfeld, “Sexual Links: Intermixture of Masculine and Feminine Sexual Characters (Sexual Intermediate Stages),” Leipzig, 1905.