Note 502 — Chapter XIX

“Contributions to the Etiology of Psychopathia Sexualis,” vol. i., p. 219.

[503] Lombroso, at the Sixth International Congress of Criminal Anthropologists at Turin, May, 1906, actually drew a parallel between congenital homosexuality and the congenital tendency to crime! That this parallel is utterly non-existent and that crime and homosexuality differ toto cælo is shown luminously by Paul Näcke (“Comparison between Criminality and Homosexuality,” published in the Monatsschrift für Kriminalpsychologie, 1906, pp. 477-487).

[504] Published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, edited by Magnus Hirschfeld, vol. iii., p. 5 (Leipzig, 1901). Cf. also the account of the newer views by P. Näcke, “Problems in the Domain of Homosexuality,” published in the Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, 1902, vol. lix., pp. 805-829 (this writer also maintains the existence of normal, healthy homosexual individuals).

[505] Magnus Hirschfeld, “Der Urnische Mensch,” p. 139 et seq. (Leipzig, 1903).

[506] Von Krafft-Ebing, “Retarded Homosexuality,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1901, vol. iii., pp. 7-20.

[507] J. E. Meisner, “Uranism, or the so-called Homosexual Love,” p. 11 (Leipzig, 1906).

[508] Max Katte (“Virile Homosexuals,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, vol. vii., p. 94; Leipzig, 1905) remarks that it is an error on the part of recent writers in the domain of homosexuality to describe and vindicate so prominently the effeminate type of homosexual man, and to neglect the virile type. The same is true as regards the description of the corresponding types of homosexual women.

[509] This occurs also in heterosexual boys. I extract the following passage from the unpublished autobiography of a homosexual physician: “When puberty occurred I am not able to say—I expect it was about the age of sixteen or seventeen—but I know certainly that I noticed at the time of puberty a swelling of the breasts. There was only a slight forward curvature, which did not extend much beyond the areola, and was painful on pressure. I remember distinctly that I was anxious about the matter, and was afraid that there was some inflammation beginning. However, the same seems to occur in every normal man. A student whom I asked about the matter said that he had noticed a swelling of the mammary glands about the age of fifteen; recently, at the age of seventeen, he has had his first pollutions; his sexual sensibility is normal.”

[510] “Goethe’s Letters,” vol. vii., p. 314: letter of December 29, 1787, from Rome to Karl August (Weimar, 1890).

[511] G. Merzbach, “Homosexuality and Occupation,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1902, vol. iv., pp. 187-198.

[512] Cf. W. S., “Woman-Man on the Stage,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, vol. ii., pp. 313-325.

[513] This writer is also the inventor of the word “homosexual,” which is found for the first time in his book.

[514] Magnus Hirschfeld, “Result of the Statistical Investigations regarding the Percentage of Homosexuals,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1904, vol. vi., pp. 109-178.

[515] F. Karsch, “Uranism or Pæderasty and Tribadism among Savage Races,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1901, vol. iii., pp. 72-201.

[516] “Traces of Contrary Sexuality among the Ancient Scandinavians: Reports of a Norwegian Literary Man,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1902, vol. v., pp. 244-263.

[517] Regarding homosexuality in Japan, cf. also “Pæderasty in Japan,” by Suyewo Iwaya, published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1902, vol. iv., pp. 264-271.

[518] In the second volume, now in course of preparation, of my work on “The Origin of Syphilis,” will be found a detailed critical investigation, based upon the most recent data, of homosexuality and pseudo-homosexuality in ancient times and during the middle ages.

[519] Cf. “Four Letters of Carl Heinrich Ulrichs (‘Numa Numantius’) to his Relatives,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1899, vol. i., pp. 36-96 (with portrait).

[520] Ludwig Frey, “The Spiritual Life of Count Platen,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1899, vol. i., pp. 159-214; and 1904, vol. vi., pp. 357-448.

[521] Numa Prätorius, “Michael Angelo as an Urning,” op. cit., 1900, vol. ii., pp. 254-267.

[522] F. Karsch, “Heinrich Hössli,” op. cit., 1903, vol. v., pp. 449-556. Hössli was the author of the work “Eros: the Greek Love of Men” (Glarus and St. Gallen, 1836 and 1838, 2 vols.), which, according to Karsch, represented for our own time what Plato’s “Symposium” and “Phædrus” represents for antiquity. Karsch gives an excellent table of the contents and an analysis of the books under consideration.

[523] J. E. Meisner, “Uranism,” p. 16 (Leipzig); also verbal communications by Meisner, who was personally acquainted with Bulthaupt, to myself.

[524] F. Karsch, “Our Sources for the Consideration of Reputed and Real Urnings,” “Johann von Müller the Historian (1752-1809),” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1902, vol. iv., pp. 349-457.

[525] L. S. A. M. von Römer, “Henry III., King of France and Poland,” op. cit., vol. iv., pp. 572-669.

[526] J. E. Meisner, op. cit., p. 17.

[527] Magnus Hirschfeld, “Sexual Transitional Stages,” Plate XXXII. (Leipzig, 1905).

[528] Op. cit., Plate XXXII.

[529] F. Karsch, “Duke August the Fortunate (1772-1822),” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1903, vol. v., pp. 615-693.

[530] Numa Prätorius, “Georges Eekhoud: a Preface,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1900, vol. ii., pp. 268-277.

[531] G. Eekhoud, “An Illustrious Urning of the Seventeenth Century, Jerom Duquesnoy, the Flemish Sculptor,” op. cit., pp. 277-287.

[532] F. Karsch, “A. von Sternberg, the Novelist,” op. cit., 1902, vol. iv., pp. 458-571. He obtained sexual gratification by masturbating while looking at masculine posteriora, but also frequently had relations with women.

[533] F. Karsch, “Theodor Beza, the Reformer (1519-1605),” op. cit., pp. 291-349.

[534] H. J. Schouten, “The Alleged Pæderasty of the Reformer John Calvin,” op. cit., 1905, vol. vii., pp. 291-306.

[535] Hans Rau, “Franz Grillparzer and his Amatory Life.” (Berlin, 1903).

[536] The love of boys, the “pæderasty,” of the Greeks related to young adult men.

[537] I have used the established spelling for this word, although probably its more correct spelling would be “pedication” (derived from pedex = podex).

[538] Cf. P. Näcko, “The Kiss of the Homosexual,” published in the Archives for Criminal Anthropology and Criminal Statistics, by H. Gross, 1904, vol. xvii., Nos. 1, 2, p. 177. Cf. also the reports on the tongue kiss published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1905, vol. vii., pp. 757-759.

[539] M. Hirschfeld, “Are Sexual Intermediate Stages Suited for Marriage?” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1901, vol. iii., pp. 37-71.

[540] We owe to Näcke the recognition of the importance of sexual dreams in the diagnosis of homosexuality and heterosexuality. Cf. his essay, “The Forensic Significance of Dreams,” published in the Archives for Criminal Anthropology, 1889, vol. iii.; also P. Näcke, “The Dream as the Most Delicate Reagent for the Detection of the Mode of Sexual Sensibility,” published in the Annual Review of Criminal Psychology, 1905.

[541] M. Hirschfeld, “Berlin’s Third Sex,” p. 26 (Berlin and Leipzig, 1905).

[542] The description of this interesting scene, with other details regarding the organization of the homosexuals of Paris, is found in the work of Pisanus Fraxi (Henry Spencer Ashbee). “Centuria Librorum Absconditorum,” pp. 406-416 (London, 1879) (based upon personal reports by Paul Lacroix).

[543] Ambroise Tardieu, “Offences against Morality from the Point of View of State Medicine,” German translation by F. W. Theile, pp. 133, 134 (Weimar, 1860).

[544] There are also numerous places of public resort which are indeed largely attended by urnings, but are also frequented by heterosexuals.

[545] Cf. in this connexion also the remarks of P. Näcke, “A Visit to the Homosexuals of Berlin,” published in the Archives of Criminal Anthropology, 1904, vol. xv., Nos. 1 and 2.

[546] Cf. P. Näcke, “Quelques Détails sur les Homosexuels de Paris,” published in the Archives d’Anthropologie Criminelle, 1905, new series, iv., No. 138. See the reference in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1906, vol. viii., pp. 795, 796.

[547] Cf. “The Secrets of the Berlin Passage,” pp. 19, 20 (Berlin, 1877).

[548] Cf. Pisanus Fraxi, “Centuria Librorum Absconditorum,” pp. 404-406 (London, 1879) (according to the reports of Paul Lacroix, who himself was a witness of the occurrences).

[549] Op. cit., pp. 404-407.

[550] Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1906, vol. viii., pp. 796, 797. According to d’Estoc (“Paris-Eros,” pp. 207, 208), the male prostitutes in these brothels are more especially men from southern countries—Italians, Orientals, Berbers, and negroes.

[551] Cf. Ludwig Frey, “Characterization of Blackmail,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1899, vol. i., pp. 71-96.

[552] Cf. Numa Prætorius, “The Criminal Character of Homosexual Intercourse, Considered Historically and Critically,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1899, vol. i., pp. 97-158.

[553] Cf. Z. Richter, “Does § 175 afford any Protection? A Criminalogical Study,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1900, vol. ii., pp. 30-52.

[554] “Opinions of Roman Catholic Priests on the Attitude of Christianity towards the Criminal Prosecution of Homosexual Love” (Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1900, vol. ii., pp. 161-203); “What Position should the Church Assume towards Homosexual Love and its Criminal Prosecution?” by an Evangelical Theologian (op. cit., vol. iii., pp. 204-210); Caspar Wirz, “Urnings before the Church and Scripture” (Orthodox-Evangelical) (op. cit., vol. iv., pp. 63-108); “Homosexuality in the Bible,” by a Catholic priest (op. cit., vol. iv., pp. 199-243); “From the Memoirs of a (Catholic) Priest” (op. cit., pp. 1172-1178).

[555] A letter from Emile Zola to Dr. Laupts on the problem of homosexuality; translated, with an introduction, by Rudolf von Beulwitz (Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1905, vol. ii., pp. 371-386).

[556] “What should the People know about the Third Sex?” An instructive work, published by the Scientific and Humanitarian Committee (Leipzig, 1904).

[557] Cf. “The Truth about Myself: Autobiography of a Contrary-Sexual,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, vol. iii., pp. 292-307.

[558] M. F., “How I See the Matter,” op. cit., pp. 308-312.

[559] Cf. Anna Rüling, “What Interest has the Woman’s Movement in the Solution of the Homosexual Problem?” (Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, vol. vii., pp. 131-151).

[560] Arduin, “The Woman’s Question and Sexual Intermediate Stages” (op. cit., 1900, vol. ii., pp. 211-223).

[561] W. Hammer, “Tribadism in Berlin,” p. 97 (Berlin, 1906).

[562] Cf. “A Description of an Urnindes’ Ball,” given by M. Hirschfeld, “Berlin’s Third Sex,” pp. 56, 57.

[563] Cf. Martial d’Estoc, “Paris-Eros,” p. 59 et seq.

[564] Cf. F. Karsch, “Pæderasty and Tribadism among Animals as recorded in Literature,” published in the Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, 1900, vol. ii., pp. 126-160; P. Näcke, “Pæderasty in Animals,” published in the Archives of Criminal Anthropology, 1904, vol. xiv., pp. 361, 362.

[565] L. Krehl, “The Disturbance of Chemical Correlations in the Organism” (Leipzig, 1907). Here, on p. 3, we find: “If we are compelled to assume that many varieties of cells in their rudimentary condition already bear the imprint of a masculine or feminine nature, still this masculine or feminine nature doubtless only undergoes its real development under the enduring chemical influence of the ovaries and the testicles.”

[566] This latter view has been maintained especially by Max Katte, in his treatise “The Purpose of the Existence of Homosexuals” (Annual for Sexual Intermediate Stages, vol. iv., pp. 272-288), but he completely ignores the evolutionary points of view. In the same way, Hans Freimark neglects them (“The Meaning of Uranism,” p. 14; Leipzig, 1906); he regards homosexuality as a transition to a state in which “mankind will no longer need gross material contact for purposes of reproduction.”