Note 1 — THE TWO CAMPS

I transcribe the following from Le Lyon Republicain (ministerial anti-clerical), 1905:—“The criminality of youths from sixteen to twenty-five is increasing in shameful and overwhelming proportions. This collection of beardless scoundrels, cynically vicious, murderers, thieves, souteneurs, is the curse of our large cities.... It is only since fifteen or eighteen years at most that criminalists notice this remarkable depravation of youths almost children.... May we not ask if the State that has done the most for instruction has not done the least for education? Truly this frightful development of youthful criminality, of alcoholism, and anti-socialism must make us reflect.”

“Fifteen years or eighteen at most.” The scholar anti-Christian laws of Jules Ferry, Goblet, Paul Bert, date from 1882 to 1895, and by their fruits they are judged.