Note (return) — Chapter IV · - THE CHINESE ETHICAL SYSTEM IN JAPAN

In 1852 the American expedition was despatched to Japan for the purpose of opening a lucrative trade and of extending American influence and glory, but also unquestionably with the idea of restoring shipwrecked Japanese as well as securing kind treatment for shipwrecked American sailors, thereby promoting the cause of humanity and international courtesy; in short, with motives that were manifestly mixed.31 In the treaty pavilion there ensued an interesting discussion between Commodore Perry and Professor Hayashi upon this very subject.