Note 13 — AFFAIRS IN FILIPINAS, 1644–47

“The Manchus established themselves in that city [i.e., Nankin; ca. 1645], and reinstated all the Chinese officials, who agreed to shave their heads and recognize the Tartar authority. This was now obligatory on all, and even the great Wou Sankwei, who had invited the Manchus into China, had to submit to this operation.” (Boulger’s Short History of China, p. 123.)