Note 10 — Preface

ff = Digest (ff was a Lombard form of D), and the reference is to Justinian’s Digest, book 48, tit. 19 (de poenis) fragment 27, which begins “Divi fratres.” The last paragraph of this fragment empowers the Roman governor (præses) to arrest and imprison any of the leading citizens (principales) who have committed felonies. It is cited as a precedent in favor of the Spanish president.—Munroe Smith.