Note 9 — Reforms Needed in the Filipinas

See the full and interesting description given by Pyrard de Laval (Voyage, ii, pp. 180–214) of the Portuguese trading vessels on the India line (naus de carreira), practically the same as the Spanish vessels described by Rios Coronel; and of their construction, equipment, crews, lading, management, etc. On p. 214 is an engraving of one of these great ships.