Note Footnotes — Front matter
Reading edition
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Life of Binney, 104.
[2] Benton’s explanation of the delay of the Bank messenger with the petition for a recharter. Thirty Years’ View.
[3] Van Buren to Butler, Retrospect of Forty Years, by Butler, 39-43.
[4] Washington Globe, Nov. 17, 1832.
[5] Thomas Hamilton, Men and Manners in America, 14.
[6] Harriet Martineau, Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 143.
[7] Retrospect of Forty Years, 47.
[8] The present site of the National Hotel.
[9] Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 53-54.
[10] On the site of the present Metropolitan.
[11] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 43.
[12] Present site of the Willard.
[13] Retrospect of Forty Years, 48.
[14] N. P. Willis, American Scenery, III, 49.
[15] Men and Manners in America, 20, note.
[16] Four o’clock.
[17] Men and Manners, 20.
[18] Frederick Seward’s Reminiscences, 17-19.
[19] American Scenery, III, 49.
[20] Men and Manners, 17.
[21] Public Men and Events, I, 54.
[22] American Scenery, II, 55.
[23] Captain Marryat, A Diary in America, 163.
[24] Public Men and Events, I, 55.
[25] Public Men and Events, I, 54.
[26] Life of Crawford, 183.
[27] Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 160.
[28] Ibid., I, 144.
[29] Public Men and Events, I, 54.
[30] Godfrey T. Vigne, in Six Months in America, thought that “in the distance” Arlington “has the appearance of a superior English country residence.”
[31] The Octagon House still standing and being preserved by the Institute of American Architects.
[32] Men and Manners, 75.
[33] Miss Martineau tells of visits to the museum and the skylight, I, 159.
[34] William H. Seward’s Autobiography, I, 277.
[35] Ibid.
[36] Miss Martineau comments severely upon the levity of the women, I, 180.
[37] Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 179.
[38] Men and Manners, 16.
[39] Ibid., 65.
[40] Six Months in America, 64.
[41] Both Hamilton (Men and Manners) and Vigne, the English barrister (Six Months in America), were shocked at the utter lack of respect for the dignity of American courts, but were impressed with the solemnity and decorum in the Supreme Court.
[42] Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 165.
[43] Men and Manners, 21.
[44] Senator Tazewell of Virginia was one of these.
[45] Van Buren to Butler, Retrospect of Forty Years, 39-43.
[46] National Intelligencer, Jan. 30, 1831, advertised a house in Georgetown on Gay Street, “convenient for the accommodation of a genteel family, having all necessary outhouses, stabling, etc.,” for $300 a year payable quarterly.
[47] Public Men and Events, I, 55.
[48] Hamilton, in Men and Manners, comments severely upon this incongruity.
[49] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 143.
[50] Peggy Eaton and Mrs. Hugh Lawson White.
[51] Retrospect of Forty Years, 59.
[52] Near Fourteenth Street on the north side of the street.
[53] Adams’s Memoirs, March 8, 1834.
[54] Ibid., March 11, 1834.
[55] Ibid., March 12, 1834.
[56] Mrs. Margaret Bayard Smith, who recorded it in First Forty Years of American Society, Jan. 12, 1835, thought it exaggerated.
[57] Mrs. Seaton, wife of the editor of the Intelligencer.
[58] Mrs. Benjamin Ogle Tayloe lived in the house still standing on Lafayette Square, known in recent years as “The Little White House.” She was a famous hostess. President W. H. Harrison contracted the cold that killed him while walking through the slush from the White House to the Tayloes’ to offer a diplomatic post to the master of the house.
[59] First Forty Years, 356.
[60] Ibid., 368.
[61] Men and Manners, 17.
[62] Irving to Van Buren, Van Buren’s Autobiography, 610.
[63] Letters and Times.
[64] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 107.
[65] Story to Sarah Waldo Story, Life and Letters of Story, II, 117.
[66] Story wrote the following lines to Miss Kemble:
“Genius and taste and feeling all combine To make each province of the drama thine. She first to Fancy’s bright creation gives The very form and soul; it breathes—it lives. She next with grace inimitable plays In every gesture, action, tone and gaze. The last to nature lends its subtlest art And warms and wins and thrills and melts the heart. Go, lovely woman, go. Enjoy thy fame. A second Kemble with a deathless name.” Life and Letters of Story, II, 117.
[67] Hone’s Diary, March 3, 1834.
[68] “The public is most respectfully informed that, in consequence of the weather, the performance advertised for Thursday is postponed until Saturday evening, September 17th, 1831.” (National Intelligencer, Sept. 17, 1831.) “The Tyrolese Minstrels have to announce that, in consequence of the severity of the weather, their concert which was advertised for Saturday will be deferred until Monday evening.” (Ibid., Dec. 19. 1831.)
[69] Advertisement in the Globe.
[70] Life of Binney, 127.
[71] Quincy’s Figures of the Past.
[72] This charge was made on the floor by Henry A. Wise.
[73] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 120.
[74] Men and Manners, 20.
[75] American Scenery, II, 50.
[76] Diary in America, 163.
[77] Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 143.
[78] A. Lafore, a coiffeur from Paris, had his establishment at Mrs. Doynes’s millinery store on the Avenue between Ninth and Tenth Streets, and advertised his skill in the local papers. National Intelligencer, Jan. 1, 1831.
[79] First Forty Years, Jan. 26, 1830.
[80] National Intelligencer, Jan. 2, 1831.
[81] National Intelligencer, Feb. 16, 1831.
[82] Miss Martineau thus describes the life of a lady of fashion, Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 145.
[83] First Forty Years, Nov. 7, 1831.
[84] Quoted by Ellet in Court Circles of the Republic, 163 n.
[85] Letter to Mrs. Sarah Waldo Story, Life and Letters of Story, II, 117.
[86] Figures of the Past.
[87] Mrs. Wharton’s Social Life of the Republic, 139, 179.
[88] First Forty Years, Aug. 29, 1831.
[89] Ellet’s Court Circles of the Republic, 226.
[90] A poet describing one of the Adams parties referred to “Forsyth with her group of graces”—her beautiful daughters.
[91] Retrospect of Forty Years, 60.
[92] Quincy, in Figures of the Past, was thus impressed, particularly with the daughter of Calhoun.
[93] These descriptions of Miss Martineau’s are in harmony with those that sprinkle the pages of Mrs. Smith’s work.
[94] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, Miss Martineau’s Retrospect of Western Travel, and Adams’s Diary all indicate a gossipy city.
[95] Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 152.
[96] The original from “Alphonse” in possession of Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
[97] This, too, in the possession of Waddy Wood.
[98] Court Circles of the Republic, 180.
[99] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 168.
[100] Retrospect of Forty Years, 60.
[101] Mary C. Crawford, Romantic Days of the Early Republic, 207.
[102] Francis Blair’s description, quoted in Rufus Rockwell Wilson’s Washington, the Capital City.
[103] Hamilton, in Men and Manners, describes such garb at a ball given by the French Minister to the members of Congress.
[104] First Forty Years, Jan. 1, 1829.
[105] Butler, in his Retrospect of Forty Years, refers to this peculiarity of Fox’s (p. 61), and Bodisco, who gave the most brilliant dinners and dances, figured in the celebrated marriage to a girl of seventeen during Van Buren’s Administration.
[106] Washington Globe, Feb. 1, 1833, announces these operas with Miss Hughes and Mrs. Anderson in leading rôles.
[107] Advertisement in Washington Globe.
[108] Announcing the opening of a spring school, and commenting on the general preference for the spring over the winter term, Carusi, in the Globe of Jan. 3, 1831, explained the disadvantages of the winter term to be “the disagreeable and long walks ... the frequent inclemency of the weather, and the liability of sickness from exposure.”
[109] Advertisement of Birchard & Company’s Shows, Washington Globe, June 13, 1833.
[110] Chapman had not then been given the contract for the historical paintings in the Capitol rotunda, and exhibited fifty paintings on Pennsylvania Avenue, near Fourth Street, in the winter of 1833, charging twenty-five cents for admission and a catalogue. His advertisement in the Globe, Jan. 21.
[111] Retrospect of Forty Years.
[112] Six Months in America, 101.
[113] Figures of the Past.
[114] Weed’s Autobiography, 308-09.
[115] Bradley’s Life of Isaac Hill. This circular may be seen in the Congressional Library.
[116] Johnston and Woodburn’s American Political History.
[117] Adams’s Memoirs.
[118] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, Jan. 1, 1829.
[119] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, Jan. 1, 1829.
[120] Ibid., Jan. 12, 1829.
[121] Ibid.
[122] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years.
[123] Webster’s Correspondence.
[124] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years.
[125] Buell, in his Life of Jackson, says he went to the Indian Queen, “where he was temporarily domiciled.” Mrs. Smith and President Adams, who were on the ground, agree that he stopped at Gadsby’s. It is possible that he went first to the Indian Queen and then removed to Gadsby’s.
[126] Webster’s Correspondence.
[127] Wirt wrote Monroe asking his advice about resigning, and Monroe advised this course, but expressed the opinion that Jackson would not want to dispense with his services.
[128] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 96.
[129] Amos Kendall’s Autobiography.
[130] Later in the Cabinet.
[131] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, 283.
[132] Adams, Crawford, and Calhoun.
[133] Van Buren was thus known in his day.
[134] Van Buren in his Autobiography ascribes his selection to the party managers.
[135] See letter of Tazewell to Ritchie regarding the establishment of a party organ in Washington in Ambler’s Life of Thomas Ritchie.
[136] See Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 101.
[137] See ibid., p. 97, on Ingham’s original ambition.
[138] Hamilton, in his Reminiscences, p. 99, makes this unqualified statement. Professor Bassett, in his admirable Life of Jackson, p. 416, says that Jackson told Calhoun to notify the delegation of his willingness to see them. Knowing the delegation to be opposed to the man he favored, and to prefer Van Buren’s candidate, it seems more probable that Hamilton was the emissary and not the Carolinian.
[139] The Carolinian’s opposition to Ingham was due to his tariff views.
[140] From speech of Branch, quoted in Haywood’s brochure on Branch, pp. 14-15.
[141] Adams knew of McLean’s treachery, and in his Memoirs denounces him bitterly.
[142] Adams’s Memoirs, Feb. 24, 1829.
[143] Ibid., Feb. 28, 1829.
[144] Wilson’s Washington, the Capital City, I, 251.
[145] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, 295.
[146] Adams’s Memoirs, March 4, 1829.
[147] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 98.
[148] Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 165-66.
[149] Hamilton, in his Reminiscences, p. 100, tells of his report to Jackson on Barry’s application.
[150] Hamilton. See Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 90-91.
[151] Mrs. Smith thus writes in the First Forty Years, and her salon was the center of Whig gossip.
[152] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years.
[153] Adams’s Memoirs, March 14, 1829.
[154] First Forty Years, March 12, 1829.
[155] Adams’s Memoirs, March 12, 1829.
[156] American Statesmen Series.
[157] Adams’s Memoirs, April 4, 1829.
[158] Benton’s characterization of Van Buren’s Classification Bill; Thirty Years’ View.
[159] Ellet’s Court Circles of the Republic, 149.
[160] Senator Foote’s Casket of Reminiscences, 59.
[161] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 65.
[162] Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years.
[163] First Forty Years, Feb. 25, 1829.
[164] Buell’s Life of Jackson.
[165] His message of 1819, found in Haywood’s brochure on Branch, deals with the strangely barbarous custom of the times of lopping off the ears of perjurers.
[166] Haywood relates this incident in his brochure.
[167] Ellet’s Court Circles of the Republic, 155.
[168] Senator Foote describes it, in his Casket of Reminiscences, p. 14.
[169] Perley’s Reminiscences.
[170] Sketches of Public Characters. New York, 1830.
[171] Lucian Lamar Knight, Reminiscences of Famous Georgians.
[172] Northern’s Men of Mark in Georgia.
[173] This speech was incorporated in the 4th volume of Elliot’s Debates as an exposition of the Constitution.
[174] Knight’s Reminiscences.
[175] Miller’s Bench and Bar of Georgia.
[176] Ellet’s Court Circles of the Republic, 148.
[177] “Every State in New England is now ruled by the same aristocracy that ruled in 1798—that ruled during the late war.... A band of New England Democrats have encountered the dominant party at vast odds—they have suffered every species of persecution and contumely. Shall these men not be protected by the Administration of the people under General Jackson? If that Administration fail to extend this protection, then indeed it will fail of one of the principal objects for which the people placed them in power by at least two to one of the votes of the Union.”
[178] Kendall’s Autobiography, 307.
[179] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 98.
[180] Ibid.
[181] Adams turned out but five.
[182] Quoted by Francis P. Blair to Buell, author of the Life of Jackson.
[183] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 98.
[184] McMaster’s History of the People of the United States.
[185] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 98.
[186] Samuel Swartwout to Jesse Hoyt, in Mackenzie’s Life of Van Buren.
[187] Ingham to Jesse Hoyt, Shepard’s Life of Van Buren, 210-11.
[188] Shepard’s Life of Van Buren, 210.
[189] Amos Kendall’s Autobiography, 286.
[190] First Forty Years, 283.
[191] Amos Kendall in a letter to his wife describes the extravagant lives of these clerks. Autobiography, 278.
[192] Schouler’s History of the United States, 457.
[193] Isaac Hill, quoted in Cyrus Bradley’s Life of Hill.
[194] History of the United States.
[195] Thirty Years’ View, I, 160.
[196] Kendall’s Autobiography.
[197] Bradley’s Life of Hill.
[198] McKinney, The Office-Holder’s Sword of Damocles.
[199] Story related by William Allen to Buell.
[200] M. M. Cox.
[201] William Pinckney.
[202] John B. Swanton.
[203] Timothy Upham.
[204] D. L. White.
[205] J. Robertson.
[206] R. Arnold.
[207] Asa Rogerson.
[208] These facts are taken from Ritchie’s Richmond Enquirer, and are quoted in Professor Tyler’s Letters and Times of the Tylers.
[209] Lodge’s Life of Webster, 167.
[210] Professor Tyler’s Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 236.
[211] Letter to his wife, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 288.
[212] Letter to Dr. Curtis, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 305.
[213] National Intelligencer, Sept. 15, 1859.
[214] To Dr. Curtis.
[215] The prediction of Justice Baldwin of the Supreme Court.
[216] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 360.
[217] Letter to John Rutherford, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 378.
[218] G. P. R. James.
[219] Letters and Times of the Tylers.
[220] Tyler’s term, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 408.
[221] History of the United States.
[222] Henry S. Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 99.
[223] Henry S. Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 99.
[224] Letter to Richard T. Brown, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 409.
[225] Mrs. Smith, in First Forty Years, p. 253, refers to such conversations.
[226] Letter to R. W. Christian, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 408.
[227] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 408.
[228] Von Holst.
[229] Ritchie, in the Richmond Enquirer.
[230] General Bernard, chief of staff of the engineers.
[231] Von Holst, 58.
[232] Joseph Story.
[233] Adams’s Memoirs.
[234] Webster wrote to his brother: “I hope all of New England will support Mr. Calhoun for the Vice-Presidency.” (Webster’s Correspondence.)
[235] Von Holst, 62-63.
[236] Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 108.
[237] Ibid., 109.
[238] Sargent tells of his interview with Joseph McIlvaine, Recorder of Philadelphia, I, 108.
[239] Quincy’s Figures of the Past.
[240] Jefferson Davis in his Memoirs describes Calhoun’s eyes as “yellow-brown,” while his contemporary biographer, Jenkins, tells us they were dark blue. It seems unlikely that Davis, who knew him well, could have been mistaken.
[241] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 13-40.
[242] Adams’s Memoirs, Feb. 28, 1830.
[243] March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
[244] Philadelphia Gazette.
[245] March’s idea.
[246] Henry Cabot Lodge.
[247] Lodge’s Life of Webster, 118.
[248] Senator Foote, in A Casket of Reminiscences, 34-36, describes his early struggles to overcome defects in enunciation, and Ludwig Lewisohn, in his History of Literature in South Carolina, refers to his first oratorical triumph.
[249] March, an idolater of Webster, in his Reminiscences of Congress, is almost extravagant in his praise, and Benton, in his Thirty Years’ View, is even more complimentary.
[250] Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 172.
[251] March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
[252] March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
[253] Lodge’s Life of Webster, 177.
[254] First Forty Years, 310.
[255] Thirty Years’ View, I, 142.
[256] Adams, in his Memoirs, refers to the speech as “a remarkable instance of readiness in debate—a reply of at least four hours to a speech of equal length. It demolishes the whole fabric of Hayne’s speech, so that it leaves scarcely a wreck to be seen.”
[257] Letter from Washington Alston Hayne, grandson, to Jervey, Hayne’s biographer.
[258] Parton’s Life of Jackson.
[259] Van Buren’s Autobiography.
[260] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 414.
[261] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 415.
[262] Van Buren is authority for the statement that the President, who had prepared the toast as given in the text, really gave it—“Our Union—it must be preserved,” and that Hayne left his seat and hastened to him to beg him to insert the word “Federal.” “This,” says Van Buren, “was an ingenuous suggestion, as it seemed to make the rebuke less pungent, although it really had no such effect. The President cheerfully assented because, in point of fact, the addition only made the toast what he originally designed it to be—he having rewritten it in the bustle and excitement of the occasion, on the back of the list of regular toasts which had been laid before him, instead of using the copy in his pocket, and having omitted that word inadvertently.” (Van Buren’s Autobiography, 415).
[263] Isaac Hill’s description.
[264] Hamilton to Forsyth, Van Buren’s Autobiography, 369.
[265] This he afterwards amended to the extent of saying that Calhoun had urged a reprimand of some sort.
[266] Letter to Judge Tait, Shipp’s Life of William H. Crawford, 152.
[267] Crawford in his letter to Calhoun quotes Senator Noble of Indiana, who lived in the same lodging-house with Edwards, to this effect. Shipp’s Life of Crawford, 247.
[268] Crawford’s Washington country home was situated near Thomas Circle, five blocks from the Willard Hotel, and all beyond was farmlands.
[269] The scene at the Crawford home is elaborately described by an eye-witness in Shipp’s biography of Crawford.
[270] Van Buren, in his Autobiography, p. 376, convincingly exonerates himself from all complicity.
[271] Adams’s Memoirs, Jan. 30, 1831.
[272] Memoirs, Jan. 15, 1831.
[273] Ibid., Jan. 26. 1831.
[274] Ibid., Jan. 30, 1831.
[275] Attorney-General in Monroe’s and Adams’s Cabinets.
[276] Memoirs, Feb. 4, 1831.
[277] Ibid., Feb. 4. 1831.
[278] Ibid., Feb. 5, 1831.
[279] Memoirs, Feb. 12, 1831.
[280] This letter of Crawford’s was returned to the writer, according to Shipp’s Life of Crawford, p. 210, which contains the letter—a vicious philippic—and Calhoun’s brief note on returning it.
[281] Memoirs, Feb. 16, 1831.
[282] Ibid., Feb. 17, 1831.
[283] Memoirs, Feb. 21, 1831.
[284] Ibid., Feb. 22, 1831.
[285] It was not until Jackson had asked Hamilton for Forsyth’s letter that the latter told Van Buren of its contents. Van Buren’s Autobiography, 373.
[286] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 168.
[287] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 122.
[288] Perley’s Reminiscences.
[289] First Forty Years, 253.
[290] Haywood’s Branch.
[291] Rev. J. N. Campbell.
[292] Schouler, III, 492.
[293] First Forty Years, 311.
[294] Haywood’s Branch.
[295] Adams’s Memoirs, March 18, 1830.
[296] Shepard.
[297] Vaughan of Great Britain and the Russian Minister.
[298] Mrs. Smith.
[299] Mary C. Crawford, Romantic Days of the Early Republic, 219.
[300] Memoirs, March 3, 1830.
[301] Ibid., July 8, 1829.
[302] Adams’s Memoirs, Feb. 6, 1830.
[303] Van Buren probably gives the true story in his Autobiography, 343-44.
[304] Adams’s Memoirs.
[305] Later Vice-President and noted as slayer of Tecumseh.
[306] Letter from Branch, in Haywood’s Branch.
[307] First Forty Years, 311.
[308] The story of the resignation is told in detail in Van Buren’s Autobiography.
[309] Hamilton, in his Reminiscences, p. 130, tells of the ride to Wilmington.
[310] Published in Haywood’s Branch.
[311] Letters published in Haywood’s Branch.
[312] During the Bank controversy Ingham attacked Jackson and defended the Bank. He died in Trenton, New Jersey, in 1860, never having held office after leaving the Jackson Cabinet.
[313] Berrien’s position is clearly disclosed in conversations with Francis Scott Key, who wrote Roger Taney. See Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[314] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 423.
[315] At Philadelphia, where he met Dallas, an intimate, Livingston appears to have discussed nothing more important than his rosebuds at Montgomery Place. Hunt’s Life of Livingston.
[316] First Forty Years, 252, 319.
[317] Letter from F. W. Armstrong, quoted in Nancy Scott’s Memoir of Hugh Lawson White.
[318] Nancy Scott’s Memoir of Hugh Lawson White.
[319] Van Buren commenced the cross-examination of Cass in a flippant manner, but was almost instantly sobered by the demeanor and dignity of the witness. Young’s Life of Lewis Cass.
[320] Key’s letter to Taney, Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[321] Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[322] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 423.
[323] Miller’s Bench and Bar of Georgia.
[324] Letter to Taney, Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[325] First Forty Years, 320.
[326] MS. letter of Arthur Schaaf to Senator John Forsyth, written from Georgetown June 25, 1831, furnished the author by Mr. Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
[327] Memoirs, April 25, 1831.
[328] Hamilton took the stump in a vain attempt to defeat his reëlection.
[329] Senator Beveridge, in his monumental work on John Marshall, gives in detail the legal phases of the controversy, IV, 100-16.
[330] Hunt’s Life of Livingston describes in detail Livingston’s activities in connection with the battle of New Orleans.
[331] These came to be known as the “Coodies,” and Taney was known an “King Coodie” to indicate his unquestioned leadership. Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[332] Drayton was Congressman from Charleston during the Nullification fight and strongly supported Jackson.
[333] Tyler relates the incident of a personal friend of Taney’s, temporarily connected with the custom house in New York, sending him a box of cigars without his card, while he was Attorney-General. Not knowing who sent them, Taney put them aside. After leaving office, and learning the donor’s identity, he wrote an appreciative note enclosing the price of the cigars.
[334] See McLaughlin’s Life of Cass, 99, 100, for details of his fight against British insults and interference.
[335] See Smith’s Life of Cass for letter.
[336] “France: Its King, Court and Government”; “Three Hours at St. Cloud’s”; and “The Modern French Judicature.” He also, on the request of Jackson, wrote the best account of the battle of New Orleans.
[337] See McLaughlin’s Life of Cass; Young’s biography, written during Cass’s lifetime, in Smith’s Life of Cass.
[338] Kendall’s Autobiography, 73.
[339] Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 156.
[340] Kendall’s Autobiography, 175.
[341] Henry Watterson’s oration on Prentice, “Compromises of Life.”
[342] Kendall’s Autobiography, 303.
[343] Ibid., 278.
[344] Ibid., 279.
[345] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 130.
[346] Rufus Rockwell Wilson, Washington the Capital City, I, 263.
[347] Kendall is thus described at forty-five.
[348] Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 155-57.
[349] Sumner’s Life of Jackson.
[350] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 325.
[351] Ibid., 579.
[352] In the Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1919) are numerous letters between the banker and Lewis, indicative of a desire on the part of the latter to conciliate the former and save his chief from the hazards of a bitter fight.
[353] Professor J. S. Bassett’s Life of Jackson, II, 399.
[354] Professor Frederic Austin Ogg’s Reign of Andrew Jackson.
[355] Bradley’s Life of Hill.
[356] General Leavenworth’s letter, quoted in Bradley’s Life of Hill.
[357] Hill took notice of this brutality: “There is an Almighty Power Who tempers the wind to the shorn lambs, Who will preserve us from such a calamity, and Who will not suffer our intellectual vision to be dimmed until our work shall be accomplished.”
[358] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 541.
[359] Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 109.
[360] Ibid., 247.
[361] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 128, gives the version of the establishment of the Globe which Van Buren in his Autobiography quotes.
[362] Kendall’s Autobiography, 370-74.
[363] George Baber’s Blairs of Kentucky, Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol. XIV.
[364] George Baber’s Blairs of Kentucky. Register of Kentucky Historical Society, vol. XIV.
[365] Globe, Feb. 17, 1834.
[366] This is Kendall’s story in his Autobiography. He gives no hint that Jackson contributed a penny. George Henry Payne, in his History of Journalism in the United States, says that the establishment of the Globe cost Jackson $50,000 a year, but as this version is Green’s, it is not at all convincing or probable.
[367] Baber’s Blairs of Kentucky.
[368] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 323.
[369] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 191.
[370] Cong. Globe, April 14. 1836.
[371] Ibid., April 20, 1836.
[372] Ibid., May 13, 1836.
[373] Mr. Williams of Kentucky, ibid., May 30. 1836.
[374] Cong. Globe, June 3, 1836.
[375] Buchanan to Livingston. Buchanan’s Works, II, 899.
[376] Buchanan’s Works, II, 300-01.
[377] The public improvement feature of internal improvement was of less importance with the politician than the pork-barrel phase. See Schouler’s History.
[378] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 187.
[379] First Forty Years, Nov. 7, 1831.
[380] Adams’s Memoirs.
[381] Colton’s Life and Correspondence of Clay.
[382] Clay to Senator Johnson, Clay’s Works, IV, 265.
[383] Clay’s Works, IV, 275.
[384] Ibid., IV, 321.
[385] Jackson refers to his instructions in his Message of December, 1831.
[386] Benton, by quoting the instructions and Gallatin’s report, shows the dishonesty of the simulated indignation. (Thirty Years’ View, I, 216-17.)
[387] Rufus King had furnished a precedent when he described the John Adams Administration to the British. (King’s Works.)
[388] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 217.
[389] Senator Holmes of Maine.
[390] Jervey’s Robert Y. Hayne.
[391] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 427.
[392] Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.
[393] Weed’s Autobiography, 375.
[394] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 219.
[395] Bradley’s Life of Hill.
[396] So described by Senator Smith of Maryland.
[397] Clay to Brooke, Clay’s Works, IV, 314.
[398] Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 22, 1831.
[399] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 46.
[400] Clay’s Works, IV, 328-29.
[401] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 438.
[402] Adams in his Memoirs makes numerous references to these calls.
[403] Adams’s Memoirs, March 2, 1832.
[404] Ibid., March 3, 1832.
[405] March, in his Reminiscences of Congress, describes him as “cold, passionless and inscrutable as the Egyptian sphinx, whose fate, too, his own resembled.”
[406] Brother of John C.
[407] O’Neall’s Bench and Bar of South Carolina.
[408] Figures of the Past.
[409] Public Men and Events, I, 117.
[410] O’Neall’s Bench and Bar of South Carolina.
[411] “I know that he had no faith in Nullification.” (O’Neall.) “It would seem that he was willing to rest the case of the State upon the bare right of revolution.” (David F. Houston’s Study of Nullification in South Carolina.)
[412] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 81.
[413] Clay to Brooke, Clay’s Works, IV, 340.
[414] Clay’s Works, IV, 331.
[415] “He [King] has availed himself of another’s aid, and the hand of the Senator from Missouri is as visible in the composition, as if his name had been subscribed to the instrument.” (Clay’s speech of June 20, 1832.)
[416] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 150.
[417] Hill’s explanatory speech in the Senate, March 3, 1834, differs radically from the generally accepted story, and has the ring of truth.
[418] Schouler, IV, 44.
[419] In Reginald C. McGrane’s Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, see Biddle to John Harper, 67; to John Nichol, 72; to Robert Lenox, 72; to A. Dickens, 77; to Major Lewis, 80; to Samuel Jaudon, 82.
[420] Pray, Memoirs of James Gordon Bennett, I, 148.
[421] Ibid.
[422] Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.
[423] Parton, II, 654.
[424] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 88.
[425] Ibid., 91.
[426] Biddle to Samuel Smith, ibid., 94.
[427] Ibid., 97.
[428] Charles Augustus Davis, ibid., 101.
[429] Clay to Biddle, ibid., 105.
[430] Lewis to Biddle, ibid., 103.
[431] Roswell L. Colt, ibid., 104.
[432] Josiah Nichol to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.
[433] Biddle to Nichol, ibid., 107.
[434] Clay to Biddle, ibid., 110.
[435] Biddle to Clay, ibid., 115.
[436] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 124.
[437] Ibid., 126.
[438] See Biddle’s memorandum on conference, ibid., 128.
[439] Speech at Cincinnati, Clay’s Works, VII, 396.
[440] Commenting on it in the Globe, Jan. 14, 1832, Blair concludes: “The object of the Bank and politicians who build their hopes upon its power is at once to procure a new charter from a Congress which has not been elected by the people to pass upon that question.”
[441] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 234.
[442] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 235-36.
[443] Ibid., 234-35.
[444] Edward Shippen to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 136.
[445] Ibid., 138.
[446] Robert Gibbs to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 139.
[447] C. F. Mercer to Biddle, ibid., 140.
[448] Clay to Biddle, ibid., 142.
[449] Webster to Biddle, ibid., 145.
[450] Site of the Willard, 14th Street and the Avenue.
[451] These ten, Dickerson of New Jersey, Dallas and Wilkins of Pennsylvania, Smith of Maryland, Mangum of North Carolina, Forsyth of Georgia, Poindexter of Mississippi, Kane and Robinson of Illinois, and Hendricks of Indiana.
[452] For Cadwalader’s reports see Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 146-61.
[453] McLane to Biddle, ibid., 165.
[454] Webster to Biddle, ibid., 169.
[455] Weed’s Autobiography, I, 373.
[456] Weed’s Autobiography, I, 373.
[457] Ingersoll to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 187.
[458] Ibid., 188.
[459] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 243.
[460] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 244.
[461] Biddle to Cadwalader, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 191.
[462] Ibid., 192.
[463] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 192.
[464] Clay’s Works, IV, 340.
[465] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 243.
[466] Ingersoll to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 183.
[467] Van Buren’s Political Parties in the United States, 314.
[468] Ibid.
[469] Buell.
[470] Van Buren’s Political Parties in the United Slates, 218.
[471] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 193.
[472] Political Parties in the United States, 313-14, and 317.
[473] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 196.
[474] Blair reproduced this in the Globe of July 26th in the midst of the campaign.
[475] Washington Globe, July 14, 1832.
[476] Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 80.
[477] Political Parties in the United States, 321.
[478] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View.
[479] Globe, Aug. 29, 1832.
[480] This document is in Amos Kendall’s Autobiography, 296-303.
[481] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 429.
[482] Judge Brooke.
[483] Clay to Brooke. Clay’s Works, IV, 332-33.
[484] Globe, Aug. 25, 1832.
[485] Globe, Aug. 29, 1832.
[486] Ibid., Sept. 5, 1832.
[487] Ibid., Sept. 7, 1832.
[488] Anti-Mason candidate for Governor.
[489] Clay to Bailbache, Clay’s Works, IV, 289.
[490] Richard Rush to Clay, Clay’s Works, IV, 299.
[491] Clay’s Works, IV, 304.
[492] Ibid., 306.
[493] Ibid., 307-08.
[494] See Kennedy’s Life of Wirt.
[495] Clay’s Works, IV, 316.
[496] Kennedy’s Life of Wirt, II, 314.
[497] Ibid., 318.
[498] William H. Seward’s Autobiography, 100.
[499] Clay to Brooke, Clay’s Works, IV, 339.
[500] Wirt to Carr, Kennedy’s Life of Wirt, II, 328-29.
[501] Kennedy’s Life of Wirt, II, 331.
[502] Globe, Oct. 8, 1832.
[503] McMaster, IV, 145.
[504] Van Buren’s Political Parties, 323.
[505] McMaster, IV, 146.
[506] See Biddle to James Hunter, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 127.
[507] John Tilford.
[508] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 197.
[509] Globe, Sept. 26, 1832.
[510] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 281.
[511] Van Buren’s Political Parties, 323.
[512] Editor of the Intelligencer.
[513] Globe, Sept. 15, 1832.
[514] Ibid., Feb. 1. 1832.
[515] Parton’s Jackson, III, 423; McMaster, IV, 147. Some of these cartoons may be seen at the Congressional Library.
[516] Globe, Sept. 26, 1832, affidavit of John C. Rives.
[517] Globe, July 28, 1832.
[518] Duff Green’s expression.
[519] Globe, Oct. 17, 1832.
[520] Clay’s home.
[521] Globe, Oct. 23, 1832.
[522] Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 248.
[523] M. Chevalier, as quoted by Sargent, Public Men and Events, I, 249.
[524] From the Globe.
[525] Description in the Globe.
[526] Globe, Jan. 14, 1832.
[527] Ibid., Jan. 18, 1832.
[528] Ibid., July 21, 1832.
[529] Globe, Aug. 22, 1832. The Globe published Hill’s speech in full, the only one thus noticed in the campaign except Forsyth’s tariff speech attacking Clay, and C. K. Ingersoll’s tribute to Jackson at Philadelphia.
[530] That this was done is disclosed in the Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle.
[531] Clay’s Works, IV. 337.
[532] Life of Wirt, II, 378.
[533] This story was related by William Allen of Ohio to Buell, who uses it in his Life of Jackson.
[534] Letters to Hamilton, Reminiscences, 231.
[535] Blair, as quoted by Buell.
[536] See Houston’s Nullification in South Carolina, 27-28.
[537] Ibid., 70.
[538] Stillé’s Life and Services of Joel R. Poinsett.
[539] For this letter in full see Calhoun’s Works, or Jenkins’s Life of Calhoun, 195-232.
[540] Poinsett’s letter to Jackson, Oct. 23, 1830. Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[541] Adams’s Memoirs, May 13, 1830.
[542] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 247.
[543] George Breathitt, brother of the Governor of Kentucky.
[544] Smith’s Life of Cass, 269-71.
[545] Cass to Scott, Smith’s Life of Cass.
[546] Jackson to Poinsett, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[547] Letter to Poinsett, Feb. 7, 1833, Life of Poinsett.
[548] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 248.
[549] These letters, in possession of the Livingston family, were used by Hunt in his Life of Livingston.
[550] Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[551] Lodge’s Life of Webster, 208.
[552] Beveridge’s John Marshall, IV, 570-73.
[553] Letter to Richard Peters, Life and Letters of Story, II, 113.
[554] Memoirs, Dec. 25, 1832.
[555] Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 152.
[556] Ibid.
[557] Ibid., 153.
[558] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 448.
[559] Ibid., 451.
[560] Richmond Enquirer, Dec. 13, 1832.
[561] Diary, Dec. 12, 1832.
[562] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 250.
[563] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 545-53.
[564] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 553.
[565] For Van Buren’s report, see Autobiography, 550-52.
[566] Jervey’s Robert Y. Hayne.
[567] Memoirs, Dec. 26, 1832.
[568] March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
[569] Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 14, 1832.
[570] Jenkins, 246.
[571] First Forty Years, Dec. 25, 1832.
[572] March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
[573] Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[574] Letter to Jackson, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[575] Poinsett to Drayton, Stillés Life of Poinsett.
[576] Letter to Poinsett, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[577] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 460.
[578] Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[579] Instructions in letter of Cass to Scott, Smith’s Life of Cass.
[580] Jackson to Poinsett, Feb. 7, 1833, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[581] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 140.
[582] March’s Reminiscences of Congress, and Perley’s Reminiscences.
[583] Story to Brazier, Life and Letters of Story, II, 124.
[584] March, in his Reminiscences of Congress, gives the best description of the Force Bill debate.
[585] Jackson to Poinsett, Feb. 17, 1833, Stillé’s Life of Poinsett.
[586] Thirty Years’ View.
[587] Life of Webster, 214-15.
[588] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 201.
[589] Thirty Years’ View, I, 342.
[590] Ibid.
[591] Ibid.
[592] Comegys, Memoir of Clayton.
[593] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 467.
[594] Thirty Years’ View.
[595] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 343.
[596] Perley’s Reminiscences.
[597] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 138.
[598] Clayton’s speech on the compromise tariff.
[599] Van Buren thought Clay’s action patriotic and Webster’s “bloody.” (Autobiography, 554-57.)
[600] Globe, Feb. 20, 1833.
[601] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 467.
[602] Jackson to Hamilton, Hamilton’s Reminiscences.
[603] Letcher’s character and status are discussed by Adams, Memoirs, March 5, 1831.
[604] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 467.
[605] Benton makes the point that Clayton, and not Clay or Calhoun, was the master of the situation. (Thirty Years’ View, I, 344.)
[606] Globe, March 2, 1833.
[607] Thirty Years’ View, I, 345.
[608] Mohawk Gazette.
[609] Adams’s Memoirs, March 2, 1833.
[610] Autobiography, 600.
[611] Professor Bassett credits the appointment to McLane (Life of Jackson), and Parton has it that it was a personal appointment of Jackson’s (Parton’s Life of Jackson, II, 632).
[612] See George Henry Payne’s History of Journalism in the United States, 176-89.
[613] These editorial comments were copied in the Globe by Blair.
[614] Henry Lee, quoted by Bassett, Life of Jackson, II, 633.
[615] Thurlow Weed’s Autobiography.
[616] Hone in his Diary, hostile, recorded, after witnessing the ovation, that he was “certainly the most popular man we have ever known.” (June 13, 1833.)
[617] Josiah Quincy’s Figures of the Past.
[618] Memoirs, June 17, June 18, June 27, July 2, 1833.
[619] See Quincy’s Figures of the Past for graphic description of the Massachusetts ovations.
[620] Hamilton had been previously warned of the plan by McLane. (Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 253.)
[621] Van Buren gives the impression that he actually helped Jackson work out his plans on this trip. (Autobiography, 602-03.)
[622] Hamilton’s story in his Reminiscences.
[623] Memoirs, July 2, 1833.
[624] Catterall’s Second Bank of the United States, 128.
[625] Cooper to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 208.
[626] Globe, March 23, 1833.
[627] Catterall, Second Bank of the United Slates, 290.
[628] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 251.
[629] Kendall’s Autobiography, 374-75.
[630] See Theodore Roosevelt’s Life of Benton, 103 and 110, on Biddle’s character.
[631] Kendall’s Autobiography.
[632] Taney’s letter to Jackson at Rip Raps in August thus referred to this advice previously given. (Tyler’s Life of Taney.)
[633] Kendall’s Autobiography, 376.
[634] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 602.
[635] During this time Jackson was deluged by propaganda letters on behalf of the Bank from “friends.” (Blair to Van Buren, Van Buren’s Autobiography, 607.)
[636] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 214.
[637] Kendall’s Autobiography.
[638] Bennett soon afterwards established the New York Herald.
[639] Significantly enough, Van Buren overlooks this incident in his Autobiography.
[640] Kendall’s Autobiography, 383.
[641] Globe, July 31, 1833.
[642] Pennsylvanian.
[643] Globe, Sept. 7, 1833.
[644] Blair carefully collected all such threats and published them in the Globe.
[645] Kendall’s Autobiography, 391.
[646] Letter to Stevenson, in Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 160.
[647] Diddle was trying to make it appear that the real fight was “between Chestnut Street and Wall Street—between a Faro Bank and a National Bank,” as shown in his letter to Dr. Cooper. (Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 209.)
[648] Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[649] Catterall, Second Bank of the United States, 203.
[650] Kendall, in his Autobiography, gives no hint of such discouragement or advice.
[651] Letter in Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[652] The story of the added paragraph is told in Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[653] Kendall’s Autobiography, 886.
[654] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 266.
[655] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 379.
[656] These notes are incorporated in the 5th Exhibit accompanying Duane’s Address to the People of the United States.
[657] Kendall charges that Duane hoped to “feather his nest.” (Autobiography, 385.)
[658] He served the Bank feebly during the fight that followed.
[659] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 216.
[660] Van Buren’s first choice was John Forsyth, or some Southerner, “if he is a speaking man.” (Autobiography, 606.) He tells of Daniel’s timidity in his Political Parties in the United States, 322.
[661] See Van Buren’s letter to Butler, in William Allen Butler’s A Retrospect of Forty Years, 39-43.
[662] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 280.
[663] Catterall, Second Bank of the United States, 318.
[664] Ibid.
[665] Diary, Nov. 18, 1833.
[666] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 218.
[667] Hone’s Diary, Dec. 27, 1833.
[668] Hone’s Diary, Dec. 30, 1833.
[669] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 270.
[670] William Appleton.
[671] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 219.
[672] Catterall severely criticizes the banker for this attitude; for Catterall’s righteous sentence on this state of mind, see Second Bank of the United States, 229.
[673] Second Bank of the United States, 321.
[674] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 219.
[675] Notably James Watson Webb.
[676] Binney to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 220.
[677] Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 222.
[678] Ibid., 218.
[679] Memoirs, April 14, 1834.
[680] Hone’s Diary, Jan. 28, 1834.
[681] Ibid., Feb. 7, 1834.
[682] Kendall’s Autobiography, 411.
[683] History of the United States, IV, 201.
[684] Kendall’s Autobiography, 412.
[685] Seven Decades of the Union, 107.
[686] Catterall’s view, Second Bank of the United States, 344.
[687] Laborde.
[688] Wilson’s Washington the Capital City, I, 244.
[689] Seven Decades of the Union.
[690] Ibid.
[691] Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 6, 1833.
[692] Cong. Globe, I, 20-21.
[693] Cong. Globe, 23.
[694] Written Dec. 30, 1833, and quoted by Catterall.
[695] Webster to Biddle, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 218.
[696] Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 19, 1833.
[697] Story to Webster, Life and Letters of Story, II, 156-58.
[698] Clay’s Works, V, 379.
[699] Mrs. Smith, in First Forty Years, touches on this feature.
[700] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 424.
[701] Cong. Globe, I, 74 and 123.
[702] Van Buren vividly describes these scenes, in his Autobiography, 726-27.
[703] Cong. Globe, I, 101.
[704] Senator Frelinghuysen, Cong. Globe, I, 129.
[705] Cong. Globe, I, 203.
[706] Cong. Globe, I, 228.
[707] Clay’s Works, V, 377.
[708] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 484.
[709] Cong. Globe, I, 344.
[710] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 422.
[711] Washington Globe, Feb. 13, 1834.
[712] Clay’s Works, VII, 575-620.
[713] Adams’s Memoirs, Jan. 23, 1834; Mrs. Smith’s First Forty Years, 353.
[714] March’s Reminiscences of Congress.
[715] Catterall, Second Bank of the United States, 333.
[716] Ibid.
[717] Clay’s Works, V, 377.
[718] Such is Catterall’s view.
[719] Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 143.
[720] Catterall, Second Bank of the United States, 336.
[721] Cong. Globe, I, 264.
[722] “Our city is full of distress committees. The more the better.” (Clay to Brooke, Works, V, 377.)
[723] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 420.
[724] Van Buren’s statement to Senator Foote, as given in the Casket of Reminiscences.
[725] Clay’s speech, Cong. Globe, I, 269.
[726] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View, I, 424.
[727] See Richardson’s Messages and Papers of the Presidents.
[728] Cong. Globe, I, 317.
[729] Ibid., 318.
[730] Ibid.
[731] Ibid., 321.
[732] Ibid., 323.
[733] Feb. 10, 1834.
[734] Cong. Globe, I, 328.
[735] Ibid., 368.
[736] Especially the famous passage inspired by memories of his emotions on the ramparts of Quebec.
[737] Sargent’s Public Men and Events, II, 213.
[738] Cong. Globe, I, 24.
[739] Cong. Globe, 25.
[740] Ibid., 43.
[741] Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 23, 1833.
[742] Cong. Globe, I, 68.
[743] Ibid., 84-94.
[744] Washington Globe, June 3, 1834.
[745] Adams’s Memoirs, March 28, 1834.
[746] Adams refers to his “cadaverous look.”
[747] Cong. Globe, I, 272.
[748] Jenkins, Life of Polk.
[749] The report very clearly explained the reasons. (Cong. Globe, I, 446-48.)
[750] Cong. Globe, I, 409.
[751] Cong. Globe, I, 454.
[752] Letters and Times of the Tylers.
[753] Hone’s Diary, March 4, 5, 6, 1834.
[754] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 282.
[755] Hone’s Diary, March 21, 1834.
[756] Ibid., April 15, 1834.
[757] Hone’s Diary, April 23, 1834.
[758] Ibid., May 12, 1834.
[759] Professor Tyler, in Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 478, graphically shows the hotchpotch nature of the alliance.
[760] Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie.
[761] Van Buren, finding his friend treacherous, discusses the resignation and the character of McLane at length in his Autobiography, 611.
[762] Biddle to Appleton, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 240.
[763] Hamilton to Woodworth, Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle, 244.
[764] Hone’s Diary, Oct. 4, 1834.
[765] Cong. Globe, I, 318.
[766] Diary, Oct. 31, 1834.
[767] Ibid., Nov. 5, 1834.
[768] Diary, Nov. 6, 1834.
[769] Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 160.
[770] Ibid., 166.
[771] The story of the Mississippi contest is told by Senator Foote in A Casket of Reminiscences, 217-18.
[772] Diary, Nov. 5, 1834.
[773] Weed’s Autobiography, I, 372.
[774] Albany Journal, Nov. 15, 1834.
[775] Hone’s Diary, April 17, and Dec. 14, 1841.
[776] Ibid., Jan. 18, 1844.
[777] Cong. Globe, I, 176.
[778] Thirty Years’ View, I, 550.
[779] The words of the official reporter of the Congressional Globe.
[780] Professor MacDonald, in Jacksonian Democracy, p. 246, says that “a large part of the deficit, however, was fairly chargeable to the cost of the large number of post-offices and post-routes established in 1832.”
[781] Cong. Globe, I, 206.
[782] Cong. Globe, I, 283, merely refers to the excitement. Sargent’s Public Men and Events gives the details.
[783] Jacksonian Democracy, 51.
[784] A Casket of Reminiscences, 65.
[785] Kendall’s Autobiography, 337.
[786] Ibid.
[787] Autobiography, 351.
[788] Miss Martineau graphically describes the attempt in her Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 161.
[789] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 509.
[790] Washington Globe, Feb. 2, 1835.
[791] Cong. Globe, I, 183-84.
[792] Washington Globe, Feb. 7. 1835.
[793] Washington Globe, Feb. 23, 1835, sets forth all these facts.
[794] Retrospect of Western Travel, I, 163.
[795] Sparks, Memories of Fifty Years, 335.
[796] Sparks, Memories of Fifty Years.
[797] Sparks, Memories of Fifty Years, 336-41; also, Foote’s Casket of Reminiscences, 218-20.
[798] Washington Globe, Feb. 28. 1835.
[799] Forsyth of Nydie, by Forsyth de Fronsac.
[800] J. F. H. Claiborne, in The Cabinet: Past and Present.
[801] Knight’s Reminiscences of Famous Georgians.
[802] In a letter written Mrs. Forsyth on board the U.S.S. Hornet bearing him to the Court of Spain, now in possession of Waddy Wood, a descendant, Washington, D.C., the beautiful relations of the Forsyths are impressively disclosed.
[803] Miller’s Bench and Bar of Georgia.
[804] Ibid.
[805] Northern’s Men of Mark in Georgia.
[806] Knight’s Reminiscences of Famous Georgians.
[807] Claiborne’s The Cabinet: Past and Present.
[808] Sparks, Memories of Fifty Years.
[809] See Foote’s Casket of Reminiscences; Miller’s Bench and Bar of Georgia; and Northern’s Men of Mark in Georgia.
[810] This letter from Arthur Schaaf to Forsyth, written from Georgetown, June 25, 1831, is in possession of Waddy Wood, Washington, D.C.
[811] Livingston to McLane, Messages and Papers, III, 130.
[812] Buchanan’s diary, Sept. 12, 1833, Buchanan’s Works, II, 388.
[813] Buchanan’s Works, II, 290-91.
[814] Livingston to Forsyth, Messages and Papers, III, 130.
[815] Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 163.
[816] Associated with Blair in the publication of the Globe.
[817] Wise’s Seven Decades of the Union, 145-46.
[818] Lewis to Hamilton, Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 283.
[819] Hone’s Diary, Dec. 3, 1834.
[820] Ibid., Jan. 1, 1835.
[821] Letter to Judge May, Life and Letters of Story, II, 192.
[822] Livingston to Forsyth, Messages and Papers, III, 132.
[823] Ibid.
[824] Ibid., 135-36.
[825] Livingston to Forsyth, Messages and Papers, III, 137-38.
[826] De Rigny to Livingston, ibid., 138-39.
[827] Washington Globe, Dec. 6, 1834.
[828] Ibid.
[829] Ibid., Dec. 17, 1834.
[830] Cong. Globe, II, 95.
[831] Leigh and Preston.
[832] Cong. Globe, II, 125.
[833] Hunt’s Life of Livingston; Messages and Papers, III, 202-08.
[834] Notes exchanged between Forsyth and Serurier, Messages and Papers, III, 144-45.
[835] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 283.
[836] Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 284.
[837] Cong. Globe, II, 309-10.
[838] Ibid., 310-11.
[839] Cong. Globe, II, 312.
[840] Ibid., 312-13.
[841] Ibid., 313.
[842] Binney’s Diary; Life of Binney, 126.
[843] Cong. Globe, II, 320.
[844] Cong. Globe, II, 322.
[845] General Linder’s Early Bench and Bar of Illinois, 48.
[846] Cong. Globe, II, 322.
[847] Buchanan’s Works, II, 439-41.
[848] Thirty Years’ View, I, 594.
[849] The then prevalent belief.
[850] Cong. Globe, II, 330.
[851] Serurier to Forsyth, Messages and Papers, III, 211; Forsyth to Livingston, ibid., 210.
[852] Hone’s Diary, March 14, 1835.
[853] Quoted by Benton, Thirty Years’ View, I, 592.
[854] Messages and Papers, III, 178-79.
[855] Hone’s Diary, June 23, 1835.
[856] Hone’s Diary, July 4. 1835.
[857] Hone’s Diary, Jan. 26, 1836.
[858] Hunt’s Life of Livingston.
[859] The naval activities in France are set forth by Benton, in Thirty Years’ View, I, 592-93.
[860] Cong. Globe, II, 91-92.
[861] Ibid., 92.
[862] At that time it was generally believed that a Congress died at midnight on the 3d of March rather than at noon on the 4th, as now assumed.
[863] Webster’s Works, IV, 205-29.
[864] Cong. Globe, II. 130-32. Reference is also made to the debate in Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 309.
[865] Adams’s Memoirs, Dec. 29, 1836.
[866] Messages and Papers, III, 221-22.
[867] Fiske’s Historical Essays, I, 308.
[868] Ibid., 307.
[869] Foster’s A Century of American Diplomacy, 273.
[870] Lewis to Hamilton, Hamilton’s Reminiscences, 259.
[871] Clay’s Works, V, 393-94.
[872] Benton’s Thirty Years’ View.
[873] This letter was published in the Frankfort Argus and copied by Blair into the Washington Globe, Nov. 28, 1835.
[874] Washington Globe, Nov. 30, 1835.
[875] Polk to White, Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 254.
[876] Washington Globe, April 2, 1835.
[877] May 28th, “Mr. Bell and the Speakership”; May 30th, “Mr. Bell and Judge White”; June 1st, “The Bank President and Mr. Bell”; June 2d, “Mr. Bell and the Bank”; June 3d, “Mr. Bell—His Banking Facilities”; June 4th, “The Result of Mr. Bell’s Machinations”; July 3d, “Bell and Gales”; July 10th, “John Bell and Davy Crockett”; August 21st, “Mr. Bell’s Preparation to Bargain Off Judge White’s Party in the House of Representatives.”
[878] Washington Globe, June 5, 1834.
[879] Ambler’s Thomas Ritchie, 170.
[880] Clay’s Works, V, 393-95.
[881] Ibid., 397-99.
[882] Clay’s Works, V, 399.
[883] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 519.
[884] John Quincy Adams could see no other object.
[885] Clay’s Works, V, 378.
[886] Forsyth to Van Buren, Butler’s Retrospect of Forty Years, 78, 79.
[887] See Montgomery’s Life of Harrison, 308-10.
[888] This is Shepard’s view in his Life of Van Buren, 256.
[889] Crockett’s Life of Van Buren, 26.
[890] Ibid., 58.
[891] Ibid., 27.
[892] Crockett’s Life of Van Buren, 80.
[893] Adams’s Diary, April 13, 1835.
[894] Hone’s Diary, Oct. 26, 1835.
[895] Van Buren’s Autobiography, 225-26, n.
[896] Tyler’s Life of Taney.
[897] Blair gives the details of the conversation, in which he participated, in the Globe of August 12, 1835.
[898] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 527.
[899] Letters and Times of the Tylers, I, 537.
[900] Cong. Globe, 1st Session, 24th Congress, 308.
[901] For story of the attempt see Foster’s letter to White, Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 337-38.
[902] Black of Mississippi; Leigh of Virginia; Nicholas and Porter of Louisiana; and Preston of South Carolina.
[903] Cuthbert, Moore, and Walker.
[904] Calhoun and White.
[905] Cong. Globe, 1st Session, 24th Congress, Dec. 21, 1835.
[906] Ibid.
[907] Ibid.
[908] Ibid.
[909] Calhoun’s speech, Cong. Globe, April 12, 1836.
[910] Ibid.
[911] Cong. Globe, April 13, 1836.
[912] Ibid.
[913] Thirty Years’ View, I, 587.
[914] Charles. H. Peck in The Jacksonian Epoch, implies (p. 281) that the tie vote was arranged by Van Buren’s friends, but Benton, who was one of the most intimate, takes the opposite view. In his Autobiography, Van Buren makes no reference to the incident.
[915] Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 340-42.
[916] South Carolina’s candidate for President.
[917] Cong. Globe, Feb. 17, 1836.
[918] Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 333-34.
[919] Adams’s Memoirs, Nov. 11, 1836.
[920] Ibid., Oct. 9, 1834. As we have noted, however, Adams in other parts of his diary is cordial to Van Buren, and Van Buren’s Autobiography shows the latter to have admired Adams.
[921] Hone’s Diary, April 8, 1836.
[922] Clay to White, Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 367. Clay’s real dislike of Webster is discussed by Van Buren in his Autobiography, 677-79.
[923] For Jackson’s activities in Tennessee see Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 356.
[924] White’s speech, Memoir of Hugh Lawson White, 346-55.
[925] Perley’s Reminiscences, I, 198.
[926] Appendix, Cong. Globe, 2d Session, 24th Congress, 274-77.
[927] Schouler, IV, 133.
[928] Afterward Senator.
[929] Fairfield’s testimony, Cong. Globe, 2d Session, 24th Congress.
[930] Sargent’s Public Men and Events, I, 334.
[931] Appendix, Cong. Globe, 2d Session, 24th Congress, 135.
[932] Removal of deposits.
[933] Thirty Years’ View, I, 727.
[934] Sargent describes Clay’s manner and the effect, Public Men and Events, I, 337-39.
[935] Sargent, Public Men and Events I, 341.
[936] Thirty Years’ View, I, 730.
[937] Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 143.
[938] Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 144.
[939] Richardson, Messages and Papers.
[940] Wilson, Washington the Capital City, I, 328.
[941] Mrs. Wharton, Social Life of the Republic, 261; Wise, Seven Decades of the Union, 81; Seward, Autobiography, I, 278; Frederick Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, 17; Quincy, Figures of the Past; Powers, Impressions of America.
[942] Hone’s Diary, March 15, 1832; Life and Letters of Story, II, 117.
[943] Letter of John Fairfield, quoted from manuscript by Professor Bassett in his Life of Jackson.
[944] Holloway, Ladies of the White House.
[945] Holloway, Ladies of the White House, and Mary Crawford, Romantic Days of the Young Republic, 22-23.
[946] Wise, Seven Decades of the Union.