Note 61 — Chapter III · TURNER’S HERBAL AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE FOREIGN HERBALISTS

One of the earliest botanic gardens in Europe was at Bologna. It was founded by Luca Ghini. It is interesting to see how frequently Turner in his herbal quotes Ghini, and cites his authority against other commentators. Luca Ghini was the first who erected a separate professorial chair at Bologna for Botanical Science. He himself lectured on Dioscorides for twenty-eight years. He was the preceptor of Caesalpinus and Anquillara, two of the soundest critics on botanical writings of that age.

The most famous public botanical gardens in Europe during the sixteenth, seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were the following. I give them in the order in which they were made:—

1533—Padua. 1544—Florence. 1547—Bologna. 1570—Paris. 1598—Montpellier. 1628—Jena. 1632—Oxford. 1637—Upsala. 1673—Chelsea. 1675—Edinburgh. 1677—Leyden. 1682—Amsterdam. 1725—Utrecht.

The first botanic garden in America was founded in Philadelphia by John Bartram, the great American botanist, in the middle of the eighteenth century.