Note 49 — Chapter III · RELIGIOUS MORALS.
Reading edition
Among the Hindus, Tapas, that is to say fire, the ardour of devotion, and of voluntary renouncement, signified in the beginning simply the incantation intended to constrain the Devas to obedience, and to deprive them of a part of their power. Out of a crude conception has grown an extremely refined one. See Manuel de l’Histoire des religions, par C. P. Tiele, p. 19 (translated by Maurice Vernes).