Note 138 — Chapter V
Reading edition
For these early stages of the Turkish nationalist movement, see Vambéry, La Turquie d'aujourd'hui et d'avant Quarante Ans; and his Western Culture in Eastern Lands. Also the articles by Léon Cahun in Lavisse et Rambaud, previously cited; and L. Rousseau, L'Effort Ottoman (Paris, 1907).